pāṇau

kṛi

Ā. 2. sg. kṛishé;
impf. 2. andﾠ 3. sg. ákar, 3. sg. rarely ákat ṠBr. III, XI ;
3. du. ákartām;
pl. ákarma, ákarta ( alsoﾠ BhP. ix), ákran (aor., according to Pāṇ. 4-2, 80 Kāṡ.);
Ā. ákri RV. X, 159, 4 and 174, 4,
ákṛithās RV. V, 30, 8,
ákṛita ( RV.);
akrātām ( ṠāṇkhṠr.), ákrata ( RV. AV.):
Impv. kṛidhí ( alsoﾠ MBh. I, 5141 and BhP. VIII),
kṛitám, kṛitá;
Ā. kṛishvá, kṛidhvám;
Subj. 2. andﾠ 3. sg. kar pl. kárma, kárta andﾠ kartana, kran;
Ā. 3. sg. kṛita RV. IX, 69, 5,
3. pl. kránta RV. I, 141, 3:
Pot. kriyāma RV. X, 32, 9 ;
pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krántas Ā. krāṇá. cl. 1. P. kárasi, kárati, kárathas, káratas, káranti;
Ā. kárase, kárate, kárāmahe:
impf. ákaram, ákaras, ákarat (aor., according to Pāṇ. 3-1, 59):
Impv. kára, káratam, káratām:
Subj. káram, kárāṇi, káras, kárat, kárāma, káran;
Ā. karāmahai;
pr. p. (f.) kárantī (Naigh.) III. cl. 5. P. kṛiṇómi, - ṇóshi, - ṇóti, kṛiṇuthás, kṛiṇmás andﾠ kṛiṇmasi, kṛiṇuthá, kṛiṇvánti;
Ā. kṛiṇvé, kṛiṇushé, kṛiṇuté, 3. du. kṛiṇvaíte RV. VI, 25, 4 ;
pl. kṛiṇmáhe, kṛiṇváte:
impf. ákṛiṇos, ákṛiṇot, ákṛiṇutam, ákṛiṇuta andﾠ - ṇotana RV. I, 110, 8,
ákṛiṇvan;
Ā. 3. sg. ákṛiṇuta pl. ákṛiṇudhvam, ákṛiṇvata:
Impv. kṛiṇú orﾠ kṛiṇuhí orﾠ kṛiṇutā́t, kṛiṇótu, kṛiṇutám, kṛiṇutā́m, 2. pl. kṛiṇutá orﾠ kṛiṇóta orﾠ kṛiṇótana, 3. pl. kṛiṇvántu;
Ā. kṛiṇushvá, kṛiṇutā́m, kṛiṇvā́thām, kṛiṇudhvám:
Subj. kṛiṇávas, - ṇávat orﾠ - ṇávāt, kṛiṇávāva, - ṇávāma, - ṇávātha, - ṇávatha, - ṇávan;
Ā. kṛiṇávai (once - ṇavā RV. X, 95, 2),
kṛiṇavase ( alsoﾠ ṠvetUp. II, 7 v.l. - ṇvase), kṛiṇavate, kṛiṇávāvahai, kṛiṇávāmahai, 3. pl. kṛiṇávanta ( RV.) orﾠ kṛiṇavante orﾠ kṛiṇvata ( RV.):
Pot. Ā. kṛiṇvītá;
pr. p. P. kṛiṇvát (f. -vatī́) Ā. kṛiṇvāṇá. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas;
Sūtras, andﾠ in classical Sanskṛit) P. karómi
(ep. kurmi MBh. III, 10943 R. II, 12, 33);
kurvás, kuruthás, kurutás, kurmás < kulmas in an interpolation after RV. X, 128 >,
kuruthá, kurvánti;
Ā. kurvé, etc., 3. pl. kurváte (Pāṇ. 6-4, 108-110):
impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, etc.;
Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata:
Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. andﾠ 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. alsoﾠ BhP. VI, 4, 34),
kuruta orﾠ kurutana Nir. IV, 7 ;
Ā. kurushva, kurudhvam, kurvátām:
Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, - vāt, - vāva orﾠ - vāvas (Pāṇ. 3-4, 98 Kāṡ.),
- vāma orﾠ - vāmas ( ib.), - vātha, - van;
Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai ( TUp. ;
- he MBh. III, 10762),
karavaithe, - vaite (Pāṇ. 3-4, 95, Kāṡ),
- vāmahai (- he MBh. R. I, 18, 12):
Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya (Pāṇ. 6-4, 109 and 110) ;
pr. p. P. kurvát (f. -vatī́);
Ā. kurvāṇá:
perf. P. cakā́ra, cakártha, cakṛivá, cakṛimá, cakrá (Pāṇ. 7-2, 13) ;
Ā. cakré, cakriré;
p. cakṛivas (acc. cakrúsham RV. X, 137, 1);
Ā. cakrāṇa ( Vop.): 2nd fut. karishyáti;
Subj. 2. sg. karishyā́s RV. IV, 30, 23 ; 1st fut. kártā:
Prec. kriyāsam:
aor. P. Ved. cakaram RV. IV, 42, 6,
acakrat RV. IV, 18, 12, ácakriran RV. VIII, 6, 20 ;
Ā. 1. sg. kṛiske RV. X, 49, 7 ;
Class. akārshīt Pāṇ. 7-2, 1 Kāṡ. ;
(once akārashīt BhP. I, 10, 1);
Pass. aor. reflex. akāri andﾠ akṛita (Pāṇ. 3-1, 62 Kāṡ.):
Inf. kártum, Ved. kártave, kártavaí, kártos ( seeﾠ ss.vv.);
ind. p. kṛitvā́, Ved. kṛitvī́ < RV. > andﾠ kṛitvā́ya TS. IV, V ;
to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake RV. etc.;
to do anything for the advantage orﾠ injury of another (gen. orﾠ loc.) MBh. R. etc.;
to execute, carry out (as an order orﾠ command) ib. ;
to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ib. ;
to form orﾠ construct one thing out of another (abl. orﾠ instr.) R. I, 2, 44 Hit. etc.. ;
to employ, use, make use of (instr.) ṠvetUp. Mn. X, 91 MBh. etc.. ;
to compose, describe R. I ;
to cultivate Yājñ. II, 158 (cf. Mn. X, 114);
to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend
(e.g.. varshāṇidaṡacakruḥ, « they spent ten years» MBh. XV, 6 ;
kshaṇaṉkuru, « wait a moment» MBh. ;
cf. kritakshaṇa);
to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. orﾠ loc. orﾠ instr. e.g.. ardháṉ-kṛi, to take to one's own side orﾠ party, cause to share in (gen.;
seeﾠ 2. ardhá);
haste orﾠ pāṇau-kṛi, to take by the hand, marry Pāṇ. 1-4, 77 ;
hṛidayena-kṛi, to place in one's heart, love Mṛicch. ;
hṛidi-kṛi, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider Rājat. V, 313 ;
manasi-kṛi id. R. II, 64, 8 Hcar. ;
to determine, purpose <ind. p. - sikṛitvā orﾠ - si-kṛitya> Pāṇ. 1-4, 75 ;
vaṡe-kṛi, to place in subjection, become master of Mn. II, 100);
to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. ( mánas RV. Mn. MBh. etc.. ;
orﾠ buddhim Nal. XXVI, 10 orﾠ matim MBh. R. orﾠ bhāvam < ib. >, etc.)
towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on
(loc. dat. inf., orﾠ a sentence with iti e.g.. māṡokemanaḥkṛithāḥ,
do not turn your mind to grief Nal. XIV, 22 ;
gamanāyamatiṉcakre, he resolved upon going R. I, 9, 55 ;
alābuṉsamutsrashṭuṉmanaṡcakre, he resolved to create a gourd MBh. III, 8844 ;
drashṭātavâ̱smî ̱timatiṉcakāra, he determined to seeﾠ him MBh. III, 12335);
to think of (acc.) R. I, 21, 14 ;
to make, render (with two acc. e.g.. ādityaṉkāshṭhāmakurvata, they made the sun their goal AitBr. IV, 7) RV. ṠBr. etc.;
to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. orﾠ loc.) RV. VS. ṠBr. etc.. ;
Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ṠBr. BṛĀrUp. Mn. VII, 10 etc.. ;
to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.) RV. VS. ;
to make liable to (dat.) RV. III, 41, 6 ṠBr. IV ;
to injure, violate (e.g.. kanyāṉ-kṛi, to violate a maiden) Mn. VIII, 367 and 369 ;
to appoint, institute ChUp. Mn. ;
to give an order, commission Mn. R. II, 2, 8 ;
to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. orﾠ - tas) Pāṇ. 5-4, 49 Kāṡ. ;
to begin (e.g.. cakreṡobhayitumpurīm, they began to adorn the city) R. II, 6, 10 ;
to proceed, act, put in practice VS. ṠBr. AitBr. etc.;
to worship, sacrifice RV. ṠBr. Mn. III, 210 ;
to make a sound ( svaram orﾠ ṡabdam) MBh. III, 11718 Pāṇ. 4-4, 34 Hit.),
utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, váshaṭ, svadhā́, svā́hā, hiṉ), pronounce any formula (Mn. II, 74 and XI, 33) ;
(with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate orﾠ break up into parts (e.g.. dvidhā-kṛi, to divide into two parts, ind. p. dvidhākṛitvā orﾠ dvidhā-kṛitya orﾠ - kāram Pāṇ. 3-4, 62 ;
sahasradhā-kṛi, to break into a thousand pieces);
(with adverbs ending in vat) to make like orﾠ similar, consider equivalent (e.g.. rājyaṉtṛiṇa-vatkṛitvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw Vet.);
(with adverbs ending in sāt)
to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject
( seeﾠ ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt) Pāṇ. 5-4, 52ff. ;
The above senses of kṛi may be variously modified orﾠ almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples:
sakhyaṉ-kṛi, to contract friendship with;
pūjāṉ-kṛi, to honour;
rājyaṉ-kṛi, to reign;
snehaṉ-kṛi, to show affection;
ājñāṉ orﾠ nideṡaṉ orﾠ ṡāsanaṉ orﾠ kāmaṉ orﾠ yācanāṉ orﾠ vacaḥ orﾠ vacanaṉ orﾠ vākyaṉ-kṛi, to perform any one's command orﾠ wish orﾠ request etc.;
dharmaṉ-kṛi, to do one's duty Mn. VII, 136 ;
nakhāni-kṛi, « to clean one's nails» seeﾠ kṛita-nakha;
udakaṉ Mn. Yājñ. R. Daṡ. orﾠ salilaṉ R. I, 44, 49 kṛi, to offer a libation of Water to the dead;
to perform ablutions;
astrāṇi-kṛi, to practise the use of weapons MBh. III, 11824 ;
darduraṉ-kṛi, to breathe the flute Pāṇ. 4-4, 34 ;
daṇḍaṉ-kṛi, to inflict punishment etc. Vet. ;
kālaṉ-kṛi, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die;
ciraṉ-kṛi, to be long in doing anything, delay;
manasā (for - si seeﾠ above) kṛi, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate MBh. ;
ṡirasā-kṛi, to place on one's the head;
mūrdhnā-kṛi, to place on one's head, obey, honour
Very rarely in Veda AV. XVIII, 2, 27,
but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras,
andﾠ especially in classical Sanskṛit the perf.
forms cakāra andﾠ cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives e.g.. āsāṉcakre, « he sat down» ;
gamayā́ṉcakāra, « he caused to go» < seeﾠ Pāṇ. 3-1, 40 ;
in Veda some other forms of kṛi are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti ṠāṇkhṠr. ;
impf. akar MaitrS. and Kāṭh. ;
3. pl. akran MaitrS. and TBr. ;
Prec. kriyāt MaitrS. ( seeﾠ Pāṇ. 3-1, 42);
according to Pāṇ. 3-1, 41, alsoﾠ karotu with vid>
Caus. kārayati, - te,
to cause to act orﾠ do, cause another to perform, have anything made orﾠ done by another
(double acc. instr. andﾠ acc. < seeﾠ Pāṇ. 1-4, 53 >
e.g.. sabhāṉkāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made Hit. ;
rāja-darṡanaṉmāṉkāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king;
vāṇijyaṉkārayedvaiṡyam, he ought to cause the Vaiṡya to engage in trade Mn. VIII, 410 ;
naṡakshyāmikiṉcitkārayituṉtvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee MBh. II, 6);
to cause to manufacture orﾠ form orﾠ cultivate Lāṭy. Yājñ. II, 158 MBh. etc.. ;
to cause to place orﾠ put, have anything placed, put upon, etc.
(e.g.. taṉcitrapaṭaṉvāsa-gṛihebhittāvakārayat,
he had the picture placed on the wall in his house Kathās. V, 30) Mn. VIII, 251. ;
Sometimes the Caus. of kṛi is used for the simple verb orﾠ without a causal signification
(e.g.. padaṉkārayati, he pronounces a word Pāṇ. 1-3, 71 Kāṡ. ;
mithyāk-, he pronounces wrongly ib. ;
kaikeyīmanurājānaṉkāraya, treat orﾠ deal with Kaikeyī as the king does R. II, 58, 16):
Desid. cíkīrshati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrshīs ṠBr. III), ep. alsoﾠ - te, to wish to make orﾠ do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after AV. XII, 4, 19 ṠBr. KātyṠr. Mn. etc.. ;
to wish to sacrifice orﾠ worship AV. V, 8, 3:
Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. kárikrat seeﾠ Naigh. II, 1 and Pāṇ. 7-4, 65),
to do repeatedly RV. AV. TS. ;
Class. carkarti orﾠ carikarti orﾠ carīkarti Pāṇ. 7-4, 92 Kāṡ.,
alsoﾠ carkarīti orﾠ carikarīti orﾠ carīkarīti orﾠ cekrīyate < ib. Sch. Vop. >;
+ cf. Hib. caraim, « I perform, execute» ;
ceard, « an art, trade, business, function» ;
sucridh, « easy» ;
Old Germ. karawan, « to prepare» ;
Mod. Germ. gar, « prepared (as food)» ;
Lat. creo, ceremonia;
κραίνω, κρόνος
2) cl. 3. P. p. cakrát (Pot. 2. sg. cakriyās;
aor. 1. sg. akārsham AV. VII, 7, 1 orﾠ akārisham RV. IV, 39, 6),
to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (gen.) RV. AV.:
Intens. (1. sg. carkarmi, 1. pl. carkirāma, 3. pl. carkiran;
Impv. 2. sg. carkṛitā́t andﾠ carkṛidhi;
aor. 3. sg. Ā. cárkṛishe) id. RV. AV. (cf. kārú, kīrí, kīrtí.)
3) to injure, etc. seeﾠ 2. kṛī
to make the sound kharaṭa Pāṇ. 5-4, 57 Kāṡ. ;
P. - karoti, to make straight ib.

grah

cl. 9. P. gṛibhṇāti gṛihṇā́ti ( alsoﾠ Ā. gṛihṇīte, irreg. gṛihṇate MuṇḍUp. ;
3. pl. gṛibhṇate RV. ;
Impv. 2. sg. gṛihāṇá, <-ṇā́, Saṃhitā-p., p. Pass. nom. pl. n. Gmn. >
X, 103, 12 AV. XI, 1, 10 ṠBr. etc.. ;
gṛibhṇāná andﾠ gṛihṇ- (Ved.);
gṛihṇa Hcat. Pañcad. I, 71 ;
- gṛihṇāhi, - gṛibhṇīhi seeﾠ prati-grabh;
Ā. gṛibhṇīshva < VS. I, 18> orﾠ gṛihṇ-;
3. sg. P. gṛihṇītāt;
Ved. Impv. gṛibhāyá etc. seeﾠ s.v. - ya cf. gṛihaya;
perf. jagrāha RV. X, 161, 1 AV. etc.. ;
1. sg. -grábhǍ RV. ;
- gṛibhmá RV. ;
Ā. - gṛihe X, 12, 5 etc.. ;
3. pl. - gṛibhré andﾠ - gṛibhriré RV. ;
P. Pot. - gṛibhyāt X, 31, 2 ;
p. - gṛibhvás IV, 23, 4 ;
fut. 2nd grahīshyati, - te MBh. etc. <cf. Pāṇ. 7-2, 37 >;
sometimes wrongly spelt gṛih- MBh. IV, 1650; XII, 7311 ;
grahishy- R. VI, 82, 74 ;
Cond. agrahaishyat AitUp. III, 3 ff. ;
fut. 1st grahītā Pāṇ. 7-2, 37 ;
aor. agrabham RV. I, 191, 13 AV. ;
- bhīt RV. I, 145, 2 AV. etc.. ;
- hīt (Pāṇ. 7-2, 5) AV. etc.. ;
- ájagrabhīt etc. seeﾠ saṉ-grah;
Subj. 2. pl. grabhīshṭa RV. II, 29, 5 ;
Ā. agrahīshṭa BhP. IV, 30, 11 ;
aghṛikshata Pāṇ. 7-3, 73 Sch. (not in Kāṡ.);
Ved. 3. pl. agṛibhran RV. V, 2, 4 andﾠ agṛibhīshata;
ind. p. gṛibhītvā́ AV. XII, 3, 20 ;
gṛihītvā́, XIX, 58, 3 etc.. ;
grahāya Hariv. Divyâ̱v. ;
inf. grahītum MBh. etc.. ; cf. Pāṇ. 7-2, 37 ;
wrongly spelt gṛih- R. V, 2, 25 Hit. >;
Pass. gṛihyate <fut. 1st grahītā orﾠ grāhitā fut. 2nd grahīshyate orﾠ grāhishy- aor. agrāhi, 3. du. agrahīshātām orﾠ agrāhish- Pāṇ. 6-4, 62 and VII, 2, 37 >;
Ved. Subj. 3. pl. gṛihyāntai Kāṡ. on III, 4, 8 and 96 ;
Ved. Pass. 3. sg. gṛihate RV. V, 32, 12)
orﾠ gṛihe MaitrS. I, 9, 5 orﾠ gṛihaye Kāṭh. IX, 13 ;
<cf. gṛihaya>;
Subj. 1. pl. gṛihāmahi RV. VIII, 2, 16 ;
Pot. gṛihīta MaitrS. II, 5, 2)
to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau orﾠ kare, exceptionally pāṇim (double acc.) RV. I, 125, 1 Sāy. ;
cf. Vop. V, 6),
grasp, lay hold of (e.g.. pakshaṉ, to take a side, adopt a party Prab. ;
pāṇim, « to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony»,
marry AV. XIV, 1, 48 ff. Gobh. II, 1, 11 MBh. etc..) RV. etc.;
to arrest, stop RV. IX, 78, 1 Kathās. IV, 32 ;
to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison RV. etc.;
to take possession of, gain over, captivate MBh. XIII, 2239 R. II, 12, 25 Ragh. Cāṇ. ;
to seize, overpower (esp. said of diseases andﾠ demons andﾠ the punishments of Varuṇa) RV. AV. MaitrS. etc.;
to eclipse VarBṛS. V ;
to abstract, take away (by robbery) R. IV, 53, 25 Ṡak. III, 21 Bhaṭṭ. ;
to lay the hand on, claim Mn. Yājñ. Ragh. I, 18 Pañcat. ;
to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from abl., rarely gen.), keep RV. etc. (with double acc. Vop. V, 6);
to acquire by purchase (with instr. of the price) Mn. VIII, 201 Yājñ. II, 169 R. etc.. ;
to choose MBh. XIII R. I, 39, 13 f. Kathās. lIII ;
to choose any one (acc.) as a wife;
to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water RV. VIII, 69, 10 VS. X, 1 TS. VI etc.. ;
to pluck, pick, gather Hariv. 5238 Ṡak. IV, VI ;
to collect a store of anything VarBṛS. XLII, 10 f. ;
to use, put on (clothes) Mn. II, 64 MBh. III, 16708 Bhag. Ratnâv. I etc.. ;
to assume (a shape) BhP. I f. ;
to place upon (instr. orﾠ loc.) Mn. VIII, 256 Kathās. ;
to include Pāṇ. 8-4, 68 Sch. Vop. I, 5 ;
to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin RV. X, 31, 2 MBh. III, XIII BhP. etc.. ;
to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife)
MBh. V, 7068 R. I Ṡak. V, 25 BhP. III, 5, 19 ;
« to take into the mouth», mention, name RV. I, 191, 13 and X, 145, 4 AV. TS. etc.. ;
to perceive (with the organs of sense orﾠ with mánas), observe, recognise RV. I, 139, 10 and 145, 2 VS. I, 18 ṠBr. XIV MuṇḍUp. ṠvetUp. etc.. ;
(in astron.) to observe VarBṛS. XLIII, 30 ;
to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn Nal. R. Ragh. V, 59 Pañcat. I, 1, 23 ;
(in astron.) to calculate Sūryas. ;
to accept, admit, approve MBh. I, 6299 R. II Mṛicch. IX, 18 Kād. BhP. I, 2, 12 Kathās. ;
to obey, follow MBh. R. Mṛicch. IX, 30/31 BhP. III f. ;
to take for, consider as Mn. I, 110 Mālav. V etc.. ;
(Pass.) to be meant by (instr.) Yājñ. Sch. Pāṇ. Siddh. and Sch.:
Caus. grāhayati, to cause to take orﾠ seize orﾠ lay hold of R. VII Suṡr. Ragh. XV, 88 Daṡ. ;
to cause to take (by the hand < pāṇim> in the marriage ceremony) Ragh. XVII, 3 ;
to cause to marry, give away a girl (acc.) in marriage to any one (acc.) Kum. I, 53 ;
to cause any one to be captured Yājñ. II, 169 R. VI, 1, 21 Daṡ. ;
to cause any one to be seized orﾠ overpowered (as by Varuṇa's punishments orﾠ death etc.) TS. II, VI f. TBr. I MBh. VIII, 3281 ;
to cause to be taken away Hit. ;
to make any one take, deliver anything (acc.) over to any one (acc.;
e.g.. āsanam with acc. « to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down» Rājat. V, 306) Mṛicch. Vop. XVIII, 7 ;
to make any one choose Rājat. V, 102 (aor. ajigrahat);
to make any one learn, make acquainted orﾠ familiar with (acc.) Nir. I, 4 Āp. I, 8, 25 Mn. I, 58 MBh. etc..:
Desid. jighṛikshati (cf. Pāṇ. 1-2, 8 and VII, 2, 12),
alsoﾠ - te, to be about to seize orﾠ take Gobh. I, 1, 8 and 20 MBh. R. Kathās. ;
to be about to eclipse R. VII, 35, 31 ;
to be about to take away BhP. I, 17, 25 ;
to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense),
strive to apprehend orﾠ recognise AitUp. III, 3 ff. BhP. II, IV:
Intens. jarīgṛihyate Pāṇ. 6-1, 16 Kāṡ. ;
+ cf. Zd. gerep, geurv;
Goth. greipa;
Germ. greife;
Lith. grēbju;
Slav. grabljū;
Hib. grabaim, « I devour, stop»