immŏdĭcus

immŏdĭcus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [in modicus], beyond bounds, beyond measure, excessive, unrestrained, unruly, immoderate (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit. (very rare):

prominet immodicum pro longa cuspide rostrum,

Ov. M. 6, 673:

tuber,

id. ib. 8, 808:

fluctus,

id. H. 18, 137:

frigus,

id. P. 3, 1, 14; cf.:

continuae et immodicae tempestates,

Suet. Aug. 47.—Far more freq.,

Trop., excessive, unrestrained, extravagant, immoderate, etc.:

immodicus in numero augendo esse solet,

is in the habit of exaggerating numbers, Liv. 38, 23, 8:

in appetendis honoribus immodicus,

Vell. 2, 33, 3:

immodicus linguā,

Liv. 22, 12, 11:

animi,

Sall. H. 1, 114 Dietsch:

tum verbis tum rebus immodicus,

extravagant in words and deeds, Suet. Dom. 12:

Gracchi legibus (ferendis),

Luc. 6, 796:

assiduus potius quam immodicus (praeceptor),

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

imperia,

Liv. 21, 3, 5; so,

licentia crudelitatis,

Vell. 2, 28, 2:

decreta ad honores sociorum,

Liv. 31, 45, 2:

libido possidendi,

Col. 1, 3, 11:

fastus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 511:

populi acclamationes,

Suet. Caes. 79:

oratio,

too long, Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1:

periodus,

Quint. 9, 4, 125.—

With gen.:

gloriae,

Vell. 2, 11:

irae,

Stat. Th. 1, 41:

libidinis,

Col. 7, 6, 3:

laetitiae et maeroris,

Tac. A. 15, 23:

fugae,

Sil. 12, 268:

animi,

Tac. H. 1, 53.—As subst.:

immodica cupere,

Sen. Ben. 1, 9, 2.—Hence, adv.: immŏ-dĭcē, beyond measure, excessively, immoderately:

si sanguis ex vulnere immodice fluat,

Plin. 30, 13, 38, § 112:

fucata formam,

Luc. 10, 137:

frequenter id potius quam immodice facere,

Col. 2, 16, 2:

opportunae positae (figurae) cum immodice petantur,

Quint. 9, 3, 100:

immodesteque gloriari,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

sibi arrogare eloquentiam,

Quint. 11, 1, 19:

ferocire,

Gell. 1, 11, 2:

capere voluptatem ex aliqua re,

id. 19, 2, 1.

immoderate, excessive, beyond measure.

immŏdĭcus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [in modicus], beyond bounds, beyond measure, excessive, unrestrained, unruly, immoderate (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit. (very rare):

prominet immodicum pro longa cuspide rostrum,

Ov. M. 6, 673:

tuber,

id. ib. 8, 808:

fluctus,

id. H. 18, 137:

frigus,

id. P. 3, 1, 14; cf.:

continuae et immodicae tempestates,

Suet. Aug. 47.—Far more freq.,

Trop., excessive, unrestrained, extravagant, immoderate, etc.:

immodicus in numero augendo esse solet,

is in the habit of exaggerating numbers, Liv. 38, 23, 8:

in appetendis honoribus immodicus,

Vell. 2, 33, 3:

immodicus linguā,

Liv. 22, 12, 11:

animi,

Sall. H. 1, 114 Dietsch:

tum verbis tum rebus immodicus,

extravagant in words and deeds, Suet. Dom. 12:

Gracchi legibus (ferendis),

Luc. 6, 796:

assiduus potius quam immodicus (praeceptor),

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

imperia,

Liv. 21, 3, 5; so,

licentia crudelitatis,

Vell. 2, 28, 2:

decreta ad honores sociorum,

Liv. 31, 45, 2:

libido possidendi,

Col. 1, 3, 11:

fastus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 511:

populi acclamationes,

Suet. Caes. 79:

oratio,

too long, Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1:

periodus,

Quint. 9, 4, 125.—

With gen.:

gloriae,

Vell. 2, 11:

irae,

Stat. Th. 1, 41:

libidinis,

Col. 7, 6, 3:

laetitiae et maeroris,

Tac. A. 15, 23:

fugae,

Sil. 12, 268:

animi,

Tac. H. 1, 53.—As subst.:

immodica cupere,

Sen. Ben. 1, 9, 2.—Hence, adv.: immŏ-dĭcē, beyond measure, excessively, immoderately:

si sanguis ex vulnere immodice fluat,

Plin. 30, 13, 38, § 112:

fucata formam,

Luc. 10, 137:

frequenter id potius quam immodice facere,

Col. 2, 16, 2:

opportunae positae (figurae) cum immodice petantur,

Quint. 9, 3, 100:

immodesteque gloriari,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

sibi arrogare eloquentiam,

Quint. 11, 1, 19:

ferocire,

Gell. 1, 11, 2:

capere voluptatem ex aliqua re,

id. 19, 2, 1.

aestĭmātor, ōris, m. [aestimo].

One that estimates a thing according to its extrinsic value, a valuer, appraiser:

frumenti,

Cic. Pis. 35 fin.:

callidi rerum aestimatores prata et areas quasdam magno aestimant,

id. Par. 6, 3.—

Trop., an estimator or valuer of a thing according to its intrinsic worth (while existimator is a judge):

nemo erit tam injustus rerum aestimator, qui dubitet, etc.,

Cic. Marcell. 5:

justus rerum aestimator,

id. Or. 41:

immodicus aestimator sui,

Curt. 8, 1 al.

ē-normis, e, adj. [norma], out of rule (post-Aug.).

Irregular, unusual:

toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 139:

vici (with huc et illuc flexi),

Tac. A. 15, 38.—Far more freq.,

Immoderate, immense, enormous (cf.:

immensus, immodicus, summus, maximus, effusus): enormes sunt (umbrae) cerasis,

Plin. 17, 12, 17, § 88:

spatium (with immensum),

Tac. Agr. 10; cf.

hastae (with immensa scuta),

id. A. 2, 14:

gladii (opp. parva scuta),

id. Agr. 36:

Colossi,

Stat. S. 1, 3, 51; cf.

corpus,

Suet. Calig. 50:

proceritas,

id. Vitell. 17:

uniones,

Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 115 et saep.:

senecta,

i. e. very great, App. 9, p. 232; Sen. ap. Gell. 12, 2, 10:

loquacitas,

Petr. 2, 7; cf. Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 6.— Comp.:

prologus enormior quam fabula,

longer, Spart. Ael. Ver. 1 fin.—Adv.: ēnor-mĭter (acc. to I.), irregularly, Sen. Q. N. 1, 7; Plin. 36, 10, 15, § 17; 37, 6, 23, § 89; Veg. Vet. 2, 8, 2; 2, 28, 10; 1, 36; 56 Bip.— Sup. of the adj. and comp. and sup. of the adv. appear not to occur.

hĭātus, ūs, m. [id.], an opening, aperture, cleft (class. in sing. and plur.; cf. rima, rictus).

Lit.:

animalia cibum partim oris hiatu et dentibus ipsis capessunt, partim unguium tenacitate arripiunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

oris,

Suet. Claud. 27; Verg. A. 11, 680.—Without oris:

ne immodicus hiatus rictum distendat,

Quint. 1, 11, 9:

extremus exspirantis,

id. 6, 2, 31:

Nemeaeus magnus hiatus Ille leonis,

Lucr. 5, 24; cf.:

quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra,

i. e. open mouths, Verg. A. 6, 576; Ov. M. 7, 557; 11, 61; Val. Fl. 1, 34:

personae pallentis hiatus,

Juv. 3, 175:

magno sublimis pardus hiatu,

id. 11, 123; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 38; cf.

of Boreas: imbres, sicco quos asper hiatu Persolidat Boreas,

with a dry throat, dry breath, Stat. Th. 1, 352:

repentini terrarum hiatus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 14:

hauriri urbes terrae hiatibus,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 119; cf.:

qui (Gyges) descendit in illum hiatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38:

neu distracta (Natura) suum late dispandat hiatum,

Lucr. 6, 599:

quantum caeli patet altus hiatus,

id. 4, 418; cf. id. 5, 375:

fit et caeli ipsius hiatus, quod vocant chasma,

Plin. 2, 26, 26, § 96:

corticis bipedalis hiatus,

id. 16, 12, 23, § 57:

hiatus patuli fontis,

i. e. basin, Ov. M. 3, 162:

specus est tenebroso caecus hiatu,

aperture, id. ib. 7, 409:

veteris rimae cum texit hiatum,

Juv. 3, 195.— Poet.:

quid dignum tanto feret hic promissor hiatu?

i. e. of such pompous language, high-flown style, Hor. A. P. 138; cf. Juv. 6, 636.—

Trop.

In gen., an eager desire, longing (so used by Tac.):

libidine sanguinis et hiatu praemiorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42.—

In partic., in gram., a hiatus: habet enim ille tamquam hiatus concursu vocalium molle quiddam et quod indicet non ingratam negligentiam, Cic. Or. 23, 77; Quint. 9, 4, 33:

(Catullus) amans hiatus illius Homerici suavitatem, ebriosa dixit propter insequentis a litterae (verbi acinae) concentum,

Gell. 7, 20, 6.

impŏtens ( inp-), entis, adj. [2. in-potens], powerless, impotent, weak, feeble (class.).

In gen.

Absol.:

neque homini infanti aut impotenti injuste facta conducunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 52:

ad opem impotentium,

id. Mur. 28, 59; cf.

Sall. Or. Licin.: (Juno) inulta cesserat impotens Tellure,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 26.—

With gen., having no power over, not master of, unable to control:

gens impotens rerum suarum,

Liv. 9, 14, 5; cf.:

equi impotentes regendi,

id. 35, 11, 10:

ob sitim impotentes sui,

Curt. 4, 7:

impotens irae,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

laetitiae,

id. 30, 42, 17:

amoris,

Tac. H. 4, 44:

doloris,

Val. Max. 4, 6, 2:

animi,

Curt. 8, 1 fin. al. —

In partic., that is not master of himself, unbridled, headstrong, violent, insolent, immoderate, excessive, furious (syn.: effrenatus, infrenus).

Of animated beings:

mea (amica) est impotens, procax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 15:

victoria eos ipsos ferociores impotentioresque reddit,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

impotens, iracundus, etc.,

id. Phil. 5, 9, 24:

homo impotentissim us, ardens odio,

id. ib. 5, 16, 42:

confidens, impotens, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 16:

Marius immodicus gloriae, insatiabilis, impotens,

Vell. 2, 11, 1:

si contra impotentem suscepta est causa,

Quint. 6, 1, 12:

ferox atque impotens mulier,

Suet. Ner. 28:

inimici,

id. Claud. 15:

militibus impotens,

violent, despotic towards the soldiers, Just. 26, 3.—

Poet. with inf.:

(regina) quidlibet impotens Sperare,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 10.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

quae effrenatio impotentis animi!

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22; cf.:

aut nullos animi motus aut non tam impotentes fuisse,

id. Part. Or. 35, 119:

laetitia,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 17:

impotentissimus dominatus,

id. Fam. 10, 27, 1:

in multo impotentiorem subito rabiem accensi,

Liv. 29, 9, 6:

impotentissimae cogitationes (invidiae, avaritiae, etc.),

Quint. 12, 1, 6:

actiones,

id. 5, 13, 21:

superstitio (with saeva),

Curt. 4, 10:

postulatum,

Liv. 7, 41, 8:

jussa mulierum (with pervicacia),

Tac. A. 3, 33:

injuria,

Liv. 38, 56, 11:

amor,

Cat. 35, 12:

Aquilo,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 3; cf.

freta,

Cat. 4, 18.— Hence, adv.: impŏtenter.

(Acc. to I.) Powerlessly, weakly (very rare):

elephantos impotentius regi,

Liv. 27, 48, 11.— More freq., but perh. not anteAug.,

(Acc. to II.) Passionately, violently, intemperately:

aliquid facere,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

dicere aliquid,

id. 6, 3, 83:

uti magna potentia,

Sen. Ep. 42:

flagitare divisionem agrorum divitum,

Just. 16, 4: regnare, Auct. B. Alex. 33. — Sup.:

quae impotentissime fecit,

Sen. Ben. 4, 17.

impŏtens ( inp-), entis, adj. [2. in-potens], powerless, impotent, weak, feeble (class.).

In gen.

Absol.:

neque homini infanti aut impotenti injuste facta conducunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 52:

ad opem impotentium,

id. Mur. 28, 59; cf.

Sall. Or. Licin.: (Juno) inulta cesserat impotens Tellure,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 26.—

With gen., having no power over, not master of, unable to control:

gens impotens rerum suarum,

Liv. 9, 14, 5; cf.:

equi impotentes regendi,

id. 35, 11, 10:

ob sitim impotentes sui,

Curt. 4, 7:

impotens irae,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

laetitiae,

id. 30, 42, 17:

amoris,

Tac. H. 4, 44:

doloris,

Val. Max. 4, 6, 2:

animi,

Curt. 8, 1 fin. al. —

In partic., that is not master of himself, unbridled, headstrong, violent, insolent, immoderate, excessive, furious (syn.: effrenatus, infrenus).

Of animated beings:

mea (amica) est impotens, procax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 15:

victoria eos ipsos ferociores impotentioresque reddit,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

impotens, iracundus, etc.,

id. Phil. 5, 9, 24:

homo impotentissim us, ardens odio,

id. ib. 5, 16, 42:

confidens, impotens, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 16:

Marius immodicus gloriae, insatiabilis, impotens,

Vell. 2, 11, 1:

si contra impotentem suscepta est causa,

Quint. 6, 1, 12:

ferox atque impotens mulier,

Suet. Ner. 28:

inimici,

id. Claud. 15:

militibus impotens,

violent, despotic towards the soldiers, Just. 26, 3.—

Poet. with inf.:

(regina) quidlibet impotens Sperare,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 10.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

quae effrenatio impotentis animi!

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22; cf.:

aut nullos animi motus aut non tam impotentes fuisse,

id. Part. Or. 35, 119:

laetitia,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 17:

impotentissimus dominatus,

id. Fam. 10, 27, 1:

in multo impotentiorem subito rabiem accensi,

Liv. 29, 9, 6:

impotentissimae cogitationes (invidiae, avaritiae, etc.),

Quint. 12, 1, 6:

actiones,

id. 5, 13, 21:

superstitio (with saeva),

Curt. 4, 10:

postulatum,

Liv. 7, 41, 8:

jussa mulierum (with pervicacia),

Tac. A. 3, 33:

injuria,

Liv. 38, 56, 11:

amor,

Cat. 35, 12:

Aquilo,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 3; cf.

freta,

Cat. 4, 18.— Hence, adv.: impŏtenter.

(Acc. to I.) Powerlessly, weakly (very rare):

elephantos impotentius regi,

Liv. 27, 48, 11.— More freq., but perh. not anteAug.,

(Acc. to II.) Passionately, violently, intemperately:

aliquid facere,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

dicere aliquid,

id. 6, 3, 83:

uti magna potentia,

Sen. Ep. 42:

flagitare divisionem agrorum divitum,

Just. 16, 4: regnare, Auct. B. Alex. 33. — Sup.:

quae impotentissime fecit,

Sen. Ben. 4, 17.

sŭper-flŭo, ĕre, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to run over, overflow (mostly postAug.; only once in Cic.; syn. redundo).

Lit.:

in aeneo vase leniter coquuntur, ne superfluant,

Cels. 6, 18, 2:

fons superfluit,

Plin. 31, 4, 28, § 51:

superfluentis Nili receptacula,

Tac. A. 2, 61:

si (Nilus) immodicus superfluxit,

Sen. Ben. 6, 7, 3. —

Trop.

To be superabundant, to superabound:

pecunia non superfluens,

Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5:

virgines,

id. Contr. 1, 3, 4:

populus,

id. ad Helv. 6, 11:

claritas,

Plin. 4, 7, 11, § 24.—

Transf., to be superfluous:

nihil neque desit, neque superfluat,

Quint. 8, 2, 22; so (opp. deesse) id. 12, 10, 16; cf. id. 10, 7, 13; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 115.—

To have a superabundance of a thing:

cum Venetis Aquileia superfluit armis,

Sil. 8, 606:

redundantes nos et superfluentes juvenili quādam dicendi impunitate et licentiā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316; cf.:

orator non satis pressus sed supra modum exsultans et superfluens,

extravagant, Tac. Or. 18.— Absol.:

superbus et superfluens (sc. divitiis),

Cat. 29, 7.—

Act., to flow by or past:

nec quae dicentur, superfluent aures,

Quint. 2, 5, 13 Spald.

sŭperflŭō, adv., v. superfluus fin.

vĕrēcundus, a, um, adj. [vereor], feeling shame (at any thing good or bad), shamefaced, bashful, shy, coy, modest, diffident, etc.

Lit.:

nimis verecunda es (uxor),

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 22:

decet verecundum esse adulescentem,

id. As. 5, 1, 6:

homo non nimis verecundus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 88, 361:

misi ad te quattuor admonitores non nimis verecundos,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

innocentes et verecundi,

id. Leg. 1, 19, 50:

populus,

Hor. A. P. 207:

saepe verecundum laudasti,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 37: Bacchus, moderate, id. C. 1, 27, 3 (cf.:

modicus Liber,

id. ib. 1, 18, 7):

orator in transferendis verecundus et parcus,

Cic. Or. 24, 81:

vultus,

Ov. M. 14, 840:

ore loqui,

Mart. 8, 1, 2:

color,

a blush, Hor. Epod. 17, 21:

rubor,

Ov. M. 1, 484:

pudor,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 50:

verecunda debet esse translatio,

Cic. de Or. 3, 41, 165:

oratio,

Quint. 11, 3, 96:

verba,

id. 10, 1, 9:

causa,

id. 4, 5, 19:

vita,

Ov. Tr. 2, 354.—With subj.clause:

transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est,

Quint. 11, 3, 133:

hoc dicere verecundum est,

i. e. I am ashamed, id. 7, 1, 56.— Comp.:

verecundior in postulando,

Cic. Phil. 14, 5, 11:

verecundior in loquendo,

id. Fam. 7, 33, 2:

partes,

i. e. the private parts, Arn. 4, 133:

translatio,

Quint. 9, 2, 41:

confessio,

id. 4, 2, 8.— Sup.:

Pompejus in appetendis honoribus immodicus, in gerendis verecundissimus,

Vell. 2, 33, 3.—

Transf., objectively, worthy of reverence, venerable (late Lat.):

nomen populi Romani,

Amm. 14, 6, 6; cf. id. 21, 16, 11; 30, 8, 4:

praetor,

Capitol. Ver. 8.— Adv. (acc. to I.), shamefacedly, bashfully, shyly, modestly.

Form vĕrēcundē, Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 6; id. Brut. 22, 87; Liv. 26, 49, 16.—

Form vĕrēcundĭter, Pompon. ap. Non. 516, 23.—

Comp.:

verecundius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 171; Quint. 4, 1, 13; 11, 1, 84.