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61 breach
breach [bri:tʃ]1 noun∎ Military our troops made a breach in the enemy lines nos troupes ont percé les lignes ennemies;∎ figurative she stepped into the breach when I fell ill elle m'a remplacé au pied levé quand je suis tombé malade;∎ familiar humorous once more into the breach (, dear friends) encore une fois sur la brèche (, les amis)(b) (violation → of law) violation f (of de); (→ of discipline, order, rules) infraction f (of de); (→ of etiquette, friendship) manquement m (of à); (→ of confidence, trust) abus m (of de);∎ a breach of professional secrecy une violation du secret professionnel(a) (make gap in) ouvrir une brèche dans, faire un trou dans;∎ Military we breached the enemy lines nous avons percé les lignes ennemies(whale) sauter hors de l'eau►► Law breach of contract rupture f de contrat;Law breach of the peace atteinte f à l'ordre public;Parliament breach of privilege atteinte f aux privilèges parlementaires;ⓘ Once more into the breach, dear friends Cette phrase ("encore une fois sur la brèche, les amis") est extraite d'un passage de Henry V de Shakespeare, lorsque le roi s'adresse à ses soldats pour les encourager avant la bataille d'Azincourt. Aujourd'hui on utilise cette phrase sur le mode humoristique lorsque l'on entreprend une tâche difficile, et souvent avant un deuxième essai. -
62 Ross, Andrew
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1798 London, England d. 1859[br]English optical-instrument maker, founder of a photographic-lens making dynasty.[br]Apprenticed to the optical-instrument maker Gilbert at the age of 14, Ross rose to become Manager of the factory before leaving to found his own business in 1830. He soon earned a reputation for fine craftsmanship and was the first optician in England to produce achromatic microscope objectives. He had an early involvement with photography, perhaps before the public announcements in 1839, for he supplied lenses and instruments to Talbot. On hearing of Petzval's portrait lens, he made a highaperture portrait lens to his own design for the first professional calotypist, Henry Collan. It was unsuccessful, however, and Ross did little more photographic work of note, although his son Thomas and his son-in-law and one-time apprentice, John Henry Dallmeyer, made significant contributions to English photographic optics. Both Thomas and Dallmeyer were left large sums of money on Andrew's death, and independently they established successful businesses; they were to become the two most important suppliers of photographic lenses in England.[br]Further ReadingRudolf Kingslake, 1989, A History of the Photographic Lens, Boston (a brief biography of Ross).J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London.JW -
63 title
nounthe flyweight title — (Sport) der Titel im Fliegengewicht
the titles — (Cinemat., Telev.) der Vorspann
* * *1) (the name of a book, play, painting, piece of music etc: The title of the painting is `A Winter Evening'.) der Titel2) (a word put before a person's name to show rank, honour, occupation etc: Sir John; Lord Henry; Captain Smith; Professor Brown; Dr (Doctor) Peter Jones.) der Titel•- academic.ru/75275/titled">titled- title deed
- title page
- title rôle* * *ti·tle[ˈtaɪtl̩, AM -t̬l̩]I. n1. of a book, film Titel m2. (film credits)▪ \titles pl Vor-/Nachspann mjob \title Berufsbezeichnung fto hold the \title den Titel verteidigen5. no pl Rechtsanspruch m (to auf + akk); (to a car) Fahrzeugbrief m; (to a house, property) Eigentumsrecht ntto research a \title ein Eigentum prüfenII. vtto \title a book/film/novel ein Buch/einen Film/Roman betitelnthe report is \titled ‘Street children’ der Bericht hat den Titel ‚Straßenkinder‘to be aptly \titled ( usu iron) den treffenden Titel haben* * *['taɪtl]n1) Titel m (ALSO SPORT); (of chapter) Überschrift f; (FILM) Untertitel m; (= form of address) Anrede fwhat title do you give a bishop? — wie redet or spricht man einen Bischof an?
* * *title [ˈtaıtl] s1. (Buch- etc) Titel m2. (Kapitel- etc) Überschrift f3. a) Hauptabschnitt m, Titel m (eines Gesetzes etc)b) JUR Überschrift f (einer Klage etc)4. FILM Untertitel m5. Bezeichnung f, Name m6. (Adels-, Ehren-, Amts) Titel m:7. SPORT (Meister)Titel m8. JURto auf akk)b) (dingliches) Eigentum(srecht) (to an dat)to auf akk)10. TYPOb) Buchrücken m* * *noun1) (of book etc.) Titel, der; (of article, chapter) Überschrift, diethe flyweight title — (Sport) der Titel im Fliegengewicht
the titles — (Cinemat., Telev.) der Vorspann
* * *(of nobility) n.Adelstitel m. n.Namen - m.Sachtitel m.Überschrift f. -
64 King, Louis
1898-1962Hermano menor de Henry King y, a la larga, mucho menos relevante que el, nacio tambien en Chris tianburg. Empieza a dirigir en 1921. A comienzos del sonoro se ocupa de las versiones espanolas de peliculas de la Fox, con un tal Luis Alonso, que despues seria famoso con el nombre de Gilbert Roland. De los 38 westerns que se le acreditan, 21 son mudos. En la actualidad, los filmes de Louis King, que ceso en su actividad de cineasta en 1959 despues de algunas realizaciones para television, apenas se ven, ni en la pantalla grande ni en la pequena.The Lone Rider (Trabajando por su cuenta). 1930. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beverly Productions (Columbia). Buck Jones, Vera ReynoldsShadow Ranch (El rancho sombrio). 1930. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beverly Productions (Columbia). Buck Jones, Marguerite De La Motte.Men without Law. 1930. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beverly Productions (Columbia). Buck Jones, Carmelita Geraghty, Lydia Knott.Desert Vengeance (La venganza del desierto). 1931. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beverly Productions/Columbia. Buck Jones, Barbara Bedford.The Fighting Sheriff. 1931. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beverly Pro duc - tions/Columbia. Buck Jones, Loretta Sayers.Border Law. 1931. 63 min. B y N. Columbia. Buck Jones, Lupita Tovar.Arm of the Law (Reporter criminalista). 1932. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Rex Bell, Lina Basquette, Marceline Day.Robbers’ Roost (La cueva de los bandidos) (co-d.: David Howard). 1933. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Maureen O’Sullivan.Life in the Raw (Vida azarosa). 1933. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Claire Trevor.Song of the Saddle (El destino vengador). 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Dick Foran, Alma Lloyd.Green Grass of Wyoming. 1948. 89 minutos. Technicolor. Fox. Peggy Cummings, Charles Coburn.Sand. 1949. 78 minutos. Technicolor. Fox. Mark Stevens, Coleen Gray, Rory Calhoun.Frenchie. 1950. 81 minutos. Technicolor. Universal. Joel McCrea, Shelley Winters, Paul Kelly.Mrs. Mike. 1949. 99 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. Dick Powell, Evelyn Keyes, Angela Clarke.The Lion and the Horse. 1952. 83 minutos. Warnercolor. WB. Steve Cochran, Ray Teal, Bob Steele.Powder River. 1953. 78 minutos. Technicolor. Fox. Rory Calhoun, Corinne Calvet, Cameron Mitchell.Massacre (La carga de los rurales). 1956. 76 minutos. Anscocolor. Lip - pert/Fox. Dane Clark, James Craig, Martha Roth. -
65 king
king [kɪŋ]1 noun∎ King Henry the Eighth le roi Henri VIII;∎ the King of Spain/Belgium le roi d'Espagne/des Belges;∎ the Three Kings les trois Mages, les Rois mages;∎ figurative the king of (the) beasts le roi des animaux;∎ figurative the fast-food king le roi ou le magnat de la restauration rapide;∎ to live like a king vivre en grand seigneur;∎ familiar I'm the king of the castle! (in children's games) c'est moi le plus fort!;∎ to pay a king's ransom (for sth) payer une fortune ou un prix fou (pour qch)∎ the king of hearts le roi de cœur∎ Bible (the book of) Kings (le livre des) Rois►► Law King's Bench = en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, l'une des trois divisions de la High Court, ≃ tribunal m de grande instance;Law King's Bench Division ≃ cour f d'assises (en Grande-Bretagne et au Canada);Zoology King Charles spaniel king-charles m inv, épagneul m du roi Charles;Zoology king cobra cobra m royal, hamadryade f;King's Counsel avocat(e) m,f de la Couronne (en Grande-Bretagne), French Canadian conseil m du roi;British the King's English le bon anglais;old-fashioned Medicine King's evil (scrofula) écrouelles fpl;British the King's highway la voie publique;King James Bible, King James Version = version anglaise de la Bible publiée en 1611, "autorisée" par le roi Jacques 1er d'Angleterre;Ornithology king penguin manchot m royal;the King's Road = rue chic de Londres, très à la mode dans les années 60;king scallop grosse coquille f Saint-Jacques;Zoology king snake serpent-roi m;Ornithology king vulture condor m papa -
66 JHP
1) Военный термин: jacketed hollow point2) Религия: Jewish Heritage Program3) СМИ: Jackson Harbor Press, Joseph Henry Press, Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law, Journal of the History of Philosophy4) Имена и фамилии: John Henry Patterson (1844-1922) -
67 letter
letter [ˈletər]1. nouna. [of alphabet] lettre fb. ( = written communication) lettre f2. compounds* * *['letə(r)] 1.letters to the editor — ( in newspaper) courrier des lecteurs
2) ( of alphabet) lettre f; ( character) caractère m2.letters plural noun ( literature) belles-lettres fpla man/woman of letters — un homme/une femme de lettres
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68 show
show [ʃəʊ]démonstration ⇒ 1 (a) semblant ⇒ 1 (a) ostentation ⇒ 1 (a) spectacle ⇒ 1 (b) émission ⇒ 1 (b) exposition ⇒ 1 (c) foire ⇒ 1 (c) montrer ⇒ 2 (a)-(c), 2 (e), 2 (f) présenter ⇒ 2 (a) exposer ⇒ 2 (a) faire preuve de ⇒ 2 (b) marquer ⇒ 2 (d) indiquer ⇒ 2 (d), 2 (f) enregistrer ⇒ 2 (h) passer ⇒ 2 (i), 3 (b) se voir ⇒ 3 (a)1 noun(a) (demonstration, display) démonstration f, manifestation f; (pretence) semblant m, simulacre m; (ostentation) ostentation f, parade f;∎ a show of strength/unity une démonstration de force/d'unité;∎ a show of hands un vote à main levée;∎ she put on a show of indifference elle a fait semblant d'être indifférente;∎ to make a show of being angry faire semblant ou faire mine d'être fâché;∎ to make a great show of friendship faire de grandes démonstrations d'amitié;∎ show of generosity affectation f de générosité;∎ it's all a show ce n'est qu'une façade;∎ he always makes such a show of his knowledge il faut toujours qu'il fasse étalage de ses connaissances;∎ the metal strips are just for show les bandes métalliques ont une fonction purement décorative∎ to go to a show aller au spectacle;∎ we went to a restaurant after the show nous sommes allés au restaurant après le spectacle;∎ variety show émission f de variétés;∎ the show must go on le spectacle continue; figurative il faut continuer;∎ figurative let's get this show on the road! allez, c'est parti ou on y va!;∎ to make a show of oneself se donner en spectacle∎ have you been to the Picasso show? avez-vous visité l'exposition Picasso?;∎ to be on show être exposé;∎ I dislike most of the paintings on show je n'aime pas la plupart des tableaux exposés;∎ the agricultural/motor show le salon de l'agriculture/de l'auto∎ she planned and ran the whole show c'est elle qui a tout organisé et qui s'est occupée de tout□ ;∎ it's up to you, it's your show c'est à toi de décider□, c'est toi le chef(e) (performance) performance f, prestation f;∎ the team put up a good show l'équipe s'est bien défendue;∎ it's a pretty poor show when your own mother forgets your birthday c'est un peu triste que ta propre mère oublie ton anniversaire;∎ old-fashioned (jolly) good show, Henry! bravo, Henry!(a) (display, present → gen) montrer, faire voir; (→ passport, ticket) présenter; (exhibit → work of art, prize, produce) exposer;∎ to show sth to sb, to show sb sth montrer qch à qn;∎ show me your presents fais-moi voir ou montre-moi tes cadeaux;∎ you have to show your pass/your ticket on the way in il faut présenter son laissez-passer/son billet à l'entrée;∎ you're showing a lot of leg this evening! tu es habillée bien court ce soir!;∎ that dress shows everything she's got cette robe ne cache pas grand-chose;∎ a TV screen shows what's happening in the next room un écran de télévision permet de voir ce qui se passe dans la pièce d'à côté;∎ some of the drawings have never been shown in Europe before quelques-uns des dessins n'ont jamais été exposés en Europe auparavant;∎ to show one's wares étaler ses marchandises;∎ this jacket/colour really shows the dirt cette veste/couleur est vraiment salissante;∎ come out from behind there and show yourself! sortez de là-derrière et montrez-vous!;∎ if he ever shows himself or his face round here again, I'll kill him! si jamais il se montre encore par ici, je le tue!;∎ to have sth to show for one's money en avoir pour son argent;∎ I had very little to show for my efforts mes efforts n'avaient donné que peu de résultats;∎ three months' work, and what have we got to show for it? trois mois de travail, et qu'est-ce que cela nous a rapporté?(b) (reveal → talent, affection, readiness, reluctance) montrer, faire preuve de;∎ she never shows any emotion elle ne laisse jamais paraître ou ne montre jamais ses sentiments;∎ to show itself (emotion, tendency) se manifester;∎ she showed herself more than willing to join in elle s'est montrée plus que prête à participer;∎ she showed herself to be a hard worker elle s'est révélée ou avérée dure à la tâche;∎ to show a preference for sth manifester une préférence pour qch;∎ to show a taste for sth témoigner d'un goût pour qch;∎ they will be shown no mercy ils seront traités sans merci;∎ the audience began to show signs of restlessness le public a commencé à s'agiter;∎ the situation is showing signs of improvement la situation semble être en voie d'amélioration;∎ to show one's age faire son âge∎ first I shall show that Greenham's theory cannot be correct je démontrerai d'abord que la théorie de Greenham ne peut être juste;∎ it just shows the strength of public opposition to the plan cela montre à quel point le public est opposé à ce projet;∎ it just goes to show that nothing's impossible c'est la preuve que rien n'est impossible;∎ it just goes to show what you can do if you work hard cela montre ou c'est la preuve de ce que l'on peut faire en travaillant dur;∎ which only or all goes to show that… ce qui prouve que… + indicative(d) (register → of instrument, dial, clock) marquer, indiquer;∎ the thermometer shows a temperature of 20°C le thermomètre indique 20°C(e) (represent, depict) montrer, représenter;∎ this photo shows him at the age of seventeen cette photo le montre à l'âge de dix-sept ans;∎ the picture shows three figures le tableau représente trois personnes(f) (point out, demonstrate) montrer, indiquer;∎ show me how to do it montrez-moi comment faire;∎ to show (sb) the way montrer le chemin (à qn);∎ figurative to show the way donner l'exemple;∎ the government has very much shown the way with its green policies le gouvernement a bien donné l'exemple avec sa politique écologique;∎ familiar I'll show you! tu vas voir!(g) (escort, accompany)∎ let me show you to your room je vais vous montrer votre chambre;∎ will you show this gentleman to the door? veuillez reconduire Monsieur à la porte;∎ an usherette showed us to our seats une ouvreuse nous a conduits à nos places;∎ to show sb into a room introduire ou faire entrer qn dans une pièce(h) (profit, loss) enregistrer;∎ prices show a 10 percent increase on last year les prix sont en hausse ou ont augmenté de 10 pour cent par rapport à l'an dernier(i) (put on → film, TV programme) passer;∎ the film has never been shown on television le film n'est jamais passé à la télévision;∎ as shown on TV (on packaging, sign) vu à la télé∎ she doesn't like him, and it shows elle ne l'aime pas, et ça se voit;∎ a patch of sky showed through a hole in the roof on voyait un pan de ciel à travers un trou dans le toit;∎ she lets her feelings show too much elle laisse trop voir ses sentiments;∎ it shows in your face cela se voit ou se lit sur votre visage;∎ fear showed in his eyes la peur se lisait dans ses yeux;∎ their tiredness is beginning to show ils commencent à donner des signes de fatigue;∎ it doesn't show ça ne se voit pas, on ne dirait pas;∎ ah well, it just or all goes to show! eh oui, c'est la vie!(b) (be on → film, TV programme) passer∎ all those in favour please show que tous ceux qui sont pour lèvent la main∎ British he didn't show il n'est pas venu□►► show house maison f témoin;show jumper (rider) cavalier(ère) m,f (participant à des concours de saut d'obstacle); (horse) sauteur m;show jumping jumping m, concours m de saut d'obstacles;Law show trial procès m à grand spectaclefaire visiter;∎ to show sb around the town faire visiter ou faire voir la ville à qn;∎ my secretary will show you around (the factory) ma secrétaire va vous faire visiter (l'usine);∎ we were shown around the house on nous a fait visiter la maisonfaire entrer➲ show off∎ to show off one's skill/culture faire étalage de son savoir-faire/sa culture;∎ he only came to show off his new girlfriend/car il n'est venu que pour exhiber sa nouvelle petite amie/voiture;∎ she came in to show off her new baby elle est venue faire admirer son nouveau-né∎ wearing white shows off a tan porter du blanc met le bronzage en valeur;∎ the black background shows off the colours nicely le fond noir fait bien ressortir les couleurs;∎ coat that shows off the figure well manteau m qui marque ou dessine bien la taillefaire l'intéressant(e), frimer;∎ to show off in front of sb chercher à épater qn;∎ stop showing off! arrête de faire l'intéressant!;∎ you don't have to drive that fast, you're just showing off tu n'as pas besoin de conduire aussi vite, tu fais juste l'intéressantreconduire ou raccompagner (à la porte);∎ it's okay, I'll show myself out inutile de vous déranger, je saurai retrouver le chemin (tout seul)se voir à travers;∎ her knickers showed through her trousers sa culotte se voyait à travers son pantalonse voir (à travers), transparaître;∎ the old paint still shows through l'ancienne peinture se voit encore à travers;∎ her knickers showed through under her dress on voyait ses sous-vêtements au travers de sa robe➲ show up(a) (unmask → impostor) démasquer;∎ the investigation showed him up for the coward he is l'enquête a révélé sa lâcheté(b) (draw attention to → deficiency, defect) faire apparaître, faire ressortir;∎ the poor results show up the deficiencies in the training programme les mauvais résultats font apparaître les défauts du programme de formation∎ you're always showing me up in public il faut toujours que tu me fasses honte en public(d) (escort upstairs) accompagner en haut∎ only two of our guests have shown up seuls deux de nos invités sont arrivés;∎ to fail to show up ne pas se présenter□ ;∎ you're the boss, you really ought to show up tu es le patron, tu devrais vraiment y aller ou te montrer□(b) (be visible) se voir, ressortir;∎ the dirt really shows up on a white carpet la saleté ressort ou se voit vraiment sur une moquette blanche;∎ the difference is so slight it hardly shows up at all la différence est tellement minime qu'elle se remarque à peine -
69 Edison, Thomas Alva
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USAd. 18 October 1931 Glenmont[br]American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.[br]He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.Further ReadingM.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.IMcN -
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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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71 John
tr[ʤɒn]1 Juan\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLJohn Doe SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL el hombre de la calleJohn Hancock SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL firma, autógrafoJohn the Baptist San Juan Bautistan.• cuarto de baño s.m.dʒɑːn, dʒɒn1) ( toilet) (AmE colloq) baño m, retrete m, váter m (Esp fam)2) Johnjohn the Baptist/Evangelist — San Juan Bautista/Evangelista
john 6,31 — (San) Juan 6,31
john Bull — (dated) personificación de todo lo inglés
[dʒɒn]john Q Public — (AmE) el hombre de la calle, el ciudadano medio or de a pie
1.N Juan2.CPDJohn Bull N — personificación del pueblo inglés
John Doe N — (US) fulano m
John Hancock * N — firma f, rúbrica f
John Henry N — firma f
John of the Cross N — (also: Saint John of the Cross) San Juan de la Cruz
John Q Public * N — (US) el hombre de la calle
John the Baptist N — (also: St John the Baptist) San Juan Bautista
John the Evangelist N — (also: Saint John the Evangelist) San Juan Evangelista
* * *[dʒɑːn, dʒɒn]1) ( toilet) (AmE colloq) baño m, retrete m, váter m (Esp fam)2) Johnjohn the Baptist/Evangelist — San Juan Bautista/Evangelista
john 6,31 — (San) Juan 6,31
john Bull — (dated) personificación de todo lo inglés
john Q Public — (AmE) el hombre de la calle, el ciudadano medio or de a pie
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72 title
1) (the name of a book, play, painting, piece of music etc: The title of the painting is `A Winter Evening'.) título2) (a word put before a person's name to show rank, honour, occupation etc: Sir John; Lord Henry; Captain Smith; Professor Brown; Dr (Doctor) Peter Jones.) título•- titled- title deed
- title page
- title rôle
title n títulowhat's the title of the book? ¿cuál es el título del libro?tr['taɪtəl]1 (gen) título2 SMALLLAW/SMALL título, derecho3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL título, campeonato1 titular1 (film credits) créditos nombre masculino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLtitle deed escritura de propiedadtitle page portadatitle role papel nombre masculino principaltitle n: título mn.• antenombre s.m.• campeonato s.m.• diploma s.m.• encabezamiento s.m.• epígrafe s.m.• nombre s.m.• rótulo s.m.• rúbrica s.f.• tratamiento s.m.• trato s.m.• título s.m.v.• intitular v.• titular v.
I 'taɪtḷ1) c ( of creative work) título m; (before n)title role — papel m protagónico ( de la obra del mismo nombre)
2) ca) (designation, label) título mb) ( status) tratamiento m (como Sr, Sra, Dr etc)c) ( noble rank) título m (nobiliario or de nobleza)d) ( Sport) título m; (before n)title fight — combate m por el título
3) ( Law)a) u ( right of ownership)title (TO something) — derecho m (a algo)
b) c ( document) título m de propiedad4) titles pl (Cin, TV) créditos mpl, títulos mpl (de crédito)
II
transitive verb \<\<book/painting/song\>\> titular, intitular (frml)['taɪtl]1. N1) [of book, chapter] título m ; (=headline) titular m, cabecera fwhat title are you giving the book? — ¿qué título vas a dar al libro?, ¿cómo vas a titular el libro?
2) (=form of address) fórmula f de tratamiento, tratamiento m ; [of nobility etc] título mwhat title should I give him? — ¿qué tratamiento debo darle?
noble title, title of nobility — título m de nobleza
George V gave him a title — Jorge V le dio un título de nobleza or le ennobleció
what's your job title? — ¿cómo se llama or qué nombre recibe tu puesto?
3) (Sport) título mto hold a title — ser campeón(-ona) m / f, tener un título
4) (Publishing) (=book, periodical) título m, publicación f5) (Jur) (=right) derecho m6) titles (Cine, TV) créditos mplthe opening/closing titles — créditos mpl iniciales/finales
2.VT titular, intitular frm3.CPDtitle deed N — (Jur) título m de propiedad
title fight N — combate m por el título
title holder N — (Sport) campeón(-ona) m / f
title page N — portada f
title role N — (Theat, Cine) papel m principal
title track N — (Mus) corte m que da nombre al álbum
* * *
I ['taɪtḷ]1) c ( of creative work) título m; (before n)title role — papel m protagónico ( de la obra del mismo nombre)
2) ca) (designation, label) título mb) ( status) tratamiento m (como Sr, Sra, Dr etc)c) ( noble rank) título m (nobiliario or de nobleza)d) ( Sport) título m; (before n)title fight — combate m por el título
3) ( Law)a) u ( right of ownership)title (TO something) — derecho m (a algo)
b) c ( document) título m de propiedad4) titles pl (Cin, TV) créditos mpl, títulos mpl (de crédito)
II
transitive verb \<\<book/painting/song\>\> titular, intitular (frml) -
73 effect
[ɪ'fekt] 1. сущ.1) результат, следствиеof no effect/ to no effect / without effect — безрезультатный; безрезультатно
to have / produce an effect — иметь ( обычно желательный) результат; подействовать, возыметь эффект
- law of effectNature begins from causes, and thence descends to effects. — В природе все начинается с причин, а потом переходит к следствиям.
Syn:2)а) действие, влияние; воздействиеbeneficial / salutary effect — благоприятное воздействие
deleterious / harmful effect — вредное воздействие
to negate / nullify the effect — нейтрализовать воздействие
to have a profound effect on smth. — оказывать сильное воздействие на что-л.
- domino effect - ripple effectI feel the effect of the narcotic. — Я чувствую действие наркотика.
- side effects
- take effectSyn:б) действие, сила- go into effectto put / carry into effect; to bring / give to effect — осуществлять, приводить в исполнение, проводить в жизнь
- come into effect
- with effect fromSyn:в) эффективность, результативностьA law was made but it had little effect. — Был принят закон, но эффективность его была низка.
Syn:г) тех. производительность3) намерение, цель; содержание, смыслSyn:4)а) впечатление, эффект- calculated for effect
- do for effectSyn:б) ( effects) театр.; кино звуковые эффекты- special effectsSyn:в) физ. эффект, наблюдаемое явление природы- Vavilov-Cherenkov effect5) ( effects)а) юр. движимое (личное) имущество- sale of household effects
- leave no effectsSyn:б) фин. (денежные) средства- effects not clearedSyn:fund 1. 3)2. гл.1) осуществлять, совершать, выполнять (обычно подразумевается преодоление каких-л. препятствий)The most skilful chemists have hitherto failed to effect such decomposition. — Даже наиболее одарённым химикам не удавалось до сих пор произвести такое разложение.
And then to Brittany I'll cross the sea, to effect this marriage, so it please my lord. (W. Shakespeare, King Henry VI) — Потом в Бретань отправлюсь морем я, чтоб этот брак устроить государю. (пер. Е. Бируковой)
The earliest purchases are effected in immediate proximity to the mines. — Наиболее ранние закупки производятся в непосредственной близости от шахт.
- effect an insurance policy- effect paymentSyn:bring about, accomplish2)а) делать, изготовлять, производитьб) уст. строитьThe Lighthouse was effected by Mr. Rudyerd. — Маяк был возвёден мистером Редьярдом.
•Syn:Ant: -
74 Eason, B. Reeves
1886-1956Neoyorquino de nacimiento, B. Eason Reeves es uno mas de la larga nomina de directores norteamericanos que se incorporaron a una naciente industria en Hollywood. Complementa su trabajo como director con los de ayudante de direccion y director de segunda unidad y, en sus primeros tiempos, actor. Tenia fama de rapido, realizo un buen punado de peliculas de serie y seriales, habitualmente en el terreno del western, y rodo, al parecer, la famosa escena de la carrera de cuadrigas del famoso Ben- Hur de Fred Niblo (1926).Roaring Ranch. 1930. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Hoot Gibson Productions (Universal). Hoot Gibson, Sally Eilers.Trigger Tricks. 1930. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Hoot Gibson Productions (Universal). Hoot Gibson, Sally Eilers.Spurs. 1930. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Hoot Gibson Productions (Universal). Hoot Gibson, Helen Wright.The Vanishing Legion (co-d.: Ford Beebe). 1931. 220 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Harry Carey, Edwina Booth.The Sunset Trail. 1932. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Tiffany. Ken Maynard, Ruth Hiatt, Frank Rice.The Last of the Mohicans (El ocaso de los mohicanos) (co-d.: Ford Beebe). 1932. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Harry Carey, Hobarth Bosworth, Edwina Booth.Cornered (La risa del chacal). 1932. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Tim McCoy, Shirley Grey.The Law of the Wild (Colmillos vengadores) (co-d.: Armand Schaefer). 1934. 225 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Bob Custer, Lucile Browne.Mystery Mountain (La montana misteriosa) (co-d.: Otto Brower). 1934. 223 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Ken Maynard, Verna Hillie.The Phantom Empire (El imperio fantasma) (co-d.: Otto Brower). 1935. 245 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Gene Autry, Frankie Darro, Betsy King Ross, Dorothy Christie, Smiley Burnette.The Miracle Rider (El jinete alado) (co-d.: Armand Schaefer). 1935. 306 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Tom Mix, Joan Gale.Red River Valley. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Frances Grant.Land Beyond the Law. 1937. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Dick Foran, Linda Perry.Empty Holsters. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Dick Foran, Glenn Strange.Prairie Thunder. 1937. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Dick Foran, Ellen Clancy.Call of the Yukon. 1938. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Richard Arlen, Beverly Roberts, Lyle Talbot.Blue Montana Skies. 1939. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, June Storey.Mountain Rhythm. 1939. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, June Storey.Men with Steel Faces (co-d.: Otto Brower). 1940. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Gene Autry, Frankie Darro, Betsy King Ross, Dorothy Christie, Smiley Burnette.Black Arrow (Flecha negra) (co-d: Louis Friedlander). 1944. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Robert Scott, Adele Jergens.Neath Canadian Skies. 1946. 41 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Russell Hayden, Inez Cooper.North of the Border. 1946. 40 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Russell Hayden, Inez Cooper.Rimfire. 1949. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guid. James Millican, Mary Beth Hugues, Henry Hull.English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Eason, B. Reeves
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75 Nazarro, Ray
1902-1986Nacido en Boston, a Ray Nazarro se le asocia con dos criterios: Columbia Films, para la que hizo la mayor parte de sus peliculas, y rapidez, la que demostro entre 1945 y 1958, tiempo en que dirigio ochenta filmes, a un ritmo que en algunas temporadas supero el de uno al mes. A pesar de todo, sus westerns, que lo fueron la mayoria de sus peliculas, no resultaron nada desdenables por termino medio, mostrando una notable habilidad para desarrollar los argumentos que se le encomendaban, virtud que se agudiza en algunas de sus producciones de los anos 50. Aunque su primer largometraje es Outlaws of the Rockies, ya habia dirigido en 1932, en este caso peliculas de corta duracion. Termina su carrera en Europa.Outlaws of the Rockies. 1945. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Carole Mathews, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor.Song of the Prairie. 1945. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Guinn Williams, June Storey.Texas Panhandle. 1945. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Nanette Parks, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor.Roaring Rangers. 1946. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Adelle Roberts, Smiley Burnette.Throw a Saddle on a Star. 1946. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Guinn Williams, Adelle Roberts.Gunning for Vengeance. 1946. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Phyllis Adair, Smiley Burnette.Galloping Thunder. 1946. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Adelle Roberts, Smiley Burnette.That Texas Jamboree. 1946. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Guinn Williams, Carolina Cotton.Two-Fisted Stranger. 1946. 50 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Doris Houck, Smiley Burnette.The Desert Horseman. 1946. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Adelle Roberts, Smiley Burnette.Cowboy Blues. 1946. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Guy Kibbee, Guinn Williams, Carolina Cotton.Heading West. 1946. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Doris Houck, Smiley Burnette.Singing on the Trail. 1946. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Guy Kibbee, Guinn Williams, Rita Hayworth.Terror Trail. 1946. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Barbara Pepper, Smiley Burnette.Lone Star Moonlight. 1946. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Joan Barton, Guy Kibbee, Claudia Drake.Over the Santa Fe Trail. 1947. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Curtis, Jennifer Holt, Guinn Williams, Guy Kibbee.The Lone Hand Texan. 1947. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Mary Newton.West of Dodge City. 1947. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Nancy Saunders, Smiley Burnette.Law of the Canyon. 1947. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Nancy Saunders, Smiley Burnette.Buckaroo from Powder River. 1947. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Eve Miller, Smiley Burnette.Last Days of Boot Hill. 1947. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Virginia Hunter, Smiley Burnette.Six-Gun Law. 1948. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Nancy Saunders, Smiley Burnette.Phantom Valley. 1948. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Virginia Hunter, Smiley Burnette.West of Sonora. 1948. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Anita Castle, Smiley Burnette.Song of Idaho. 1948. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Kirby Grant, June Vincent.Blazing Across the Pecos. 1948. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Patricia White, Smiley Burnette.Trail to Laredo. 1948. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Virginia Maxey, Smiley Burnette.Singin’ Spurs. 1948. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Kirby Grant, Jay Silverheels, Patricia Knox.El Dorado Pass. 1948. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Elena Verdugo, Smiley Burnette.Quick of the Trigger. 1948. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Helen Parrish, Smiley Burnette.Smoky Mountain Melody. 1948. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Roy Acuff, Guinn Williams, Sybil Merritt.Challenge of the Range. 1949. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Paula Raymond, Smiley Burnette.Home in San Antone. 1949. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Roy Acuff, Jacqueline Thomas.Arkansas Swing. 1949. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Gloria Henry, Ken Triesch, Paul Triesch.Laramie. 1949. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Marjorie Stapp.The Blazing Trail. 1949. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Marjorie Stapp, Smiley Burnette.South of Death Valley. 1949. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Gail Davis, Smiley Burnette.Bandits of El Dorado. 1949. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette.Renegades of the Sage. 1949. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Leslie Banning, Smiley Burnette.Trail of the Rustlers. 1950. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Gail Davis, Smiley Burnette.The Palomino. 19450. 73 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Jerome Courtland, Beverly Tyler.Outcasts of Black Mesa. 1950. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Martha Hyer, Smiley Burnette.Texas Dynamo. 1950. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Lois Hall, Smiley Burnette.Hoedown. 1950. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Eddy Arnold, Jock Mahoney, Carolina Cotton.Streets of Ghost Town. 1950. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Mary Ellen Kay, Smiley Burnette.Frontier Outpost. 1950. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Lois Hall, Smiley Burnette.Al Jennings of Oklahoma. 1951. 79 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Dan Duryea, Gale Storm, Dick Foran.Fort Savage Raiders. 1951. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette.Cyclone Fury. 1951. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette.The Kid from Amarillo. 1951. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette.Indian Uprising. 1952. 75 minutos. Supercinecolor. Columbia. George Montgomery, Audrey Long.Laramie Mountains. 1952. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette.Montana Territory. 1952. 64 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Lon McCallister, Preston Foster, Wanda Hendrix.The Rough Tough West. 1952. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Carolina Cotton, Smiley Burnette.Cripple Creek. 1952. 78 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. George Montgomery, Karin Booth, Richard Egan.Junction City. 1952. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Kathleen Case, Smiley Burnette.Kansas Pacific. 1953. 73 minutos. Cinecolor. Allied. Sterling Hayden, Eve Miller, Barton MacLane.Gun Belt. 1953. 77 minutos. Technicolor. Global (UA). George Montgo mery, Tab Hunter, Helen Westcott.The Lone Gun. 1954. 73 minutos. Color Corp. of America. Superior Talking (UA). George Montgomery, Dorothy Malone.Southwest Passage (Travesia del desierto). 1954. 82 minutos. Pathe color. 3-D. Small (UA). John Ireland, Joanne Dru, Rod Cameron.The Black Dakotas. 1954. 65 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Gary Merrill, Wanda Hendrix, John Bromfield.Top Gun. 1955. 73 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. Sterling Hayden, William Bishop, Karen Booth.The White Squaw. 1956. 73 minutos, Blanco y Negro. Screem Gems (Columbia). David Brian, May Wynn.The Phantom Stagecoach. 1957. 79 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screem Gems (Columbia). William Bishop, Kathleen Crowley.The Hired Gun. 1957. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. CinemaScope. Rorvic (MGM). Rory Calhoun, Anne Francis.Domino Kid. 1957. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Rorvic (Columbia). Rory Calhoun, Kristine Miller.Return to Warbow. 1958. 67 minutos. Technicolor. Screem Gems (Colum bia). Philip Carey, Catherine McLeod.Apache Territory. 1958. 75 minutos. Technicolor. Rorvic (Columbia). Rory Calhoun, John Dehner, Barbara Bates. -
76 Roberts, Richard
[br]b. 22 April 1789 Carreghova, Llanymynech, Montgomeryshire, Walesd. 11 March 1864 London, England[br]Welsh mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]Richard Roberts was the son of a shoemaker and tollkeeper and received only an elementary education at the village school. At the age of 10 his interest in mechanics was stimulated when he was allowed by the Curate, the Revd Griffith Howell, to use his lathe and other tools. As a young man Roberts acquired a considerable local reputation for his mechanical skills, but these were exercised only in his spare time. For many years he worked in the local limestone quarries, until at the age of 20 he obtained employment as a pattern-maker in Staffordshire. In the next few years he worked as a mechanic in Liverpool, Manchester and Salford before moving in 1814 to London, where he obtained employment with Henry Maudslay. In 1816 he set up on his own account in Manchester. He soon established a reputation there for gear-cutting and other general engineering work, especially for the textile industry, and by 1821 he was employing about twelve men. He built machine tools mainly for his own use, including, in 1817, one of the first planing machines.One of his first inventions was a gas meter, but his first patent was obtained in 1822 for improvements in looms. His most important contribution to textile technology was his invention of the self-acting spinning mule, patented in 1825. The normal fourteen-year term of this patent was extended in 1839 by a further seven years. Between 1826 and 1828 Roberts paid several visits to Alsace, France, arranging cottonspinning machinery for a new factory at Mulhouse. By 1826 he had become a partner in the firm of Sharp Brothers, the company then becoming Sharp, Roberts \& Co. The firm continued to build textile machinery, and in the 1830s it built locomotive engines for the newly created railways and made one experimental steam-carriage for use on roads. The partnership was dissolved in 1843, the Sharps establishing a new works to continue locomotive building while Roberts retained the existing factory, known as the Globe Works, where he soon after took as partners R.G.Dobinson and Benjamin Fothergill (1802–79). This partnership was dissolved c. 1851, and Roberts continued in business on his own for a few years before moving to London as a consulting engineer.During the 1840s and 1850s Roberts produced many new inventions in a variety of fields, including machine tools, clocks and watches, textile machinery, pumps and ships. One of these was a machine controlled by a punched-card system similar to the Jacquard loom for punching rivet holes in plates. This was used in the construction of the Conway and Menai Straits tubular bridges. Roberts was granted twenty-six patents, many of which, before the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1852, covered more than one invention; there were still other inventions he did not patent. He made his contribution to the discussion which led up to the 1852 Act by publishing, in 1830 and 1833, pamphlets suggesting reform of the Patent Law.In the early 1820s Roberts helped to establish the Manchester Mechanics' Institute, and in 1823 he was elected a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. He frequently contributed to their proceedings and in 1861 he was made an Honorary Member. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1838. From 1838 to 1843 he served as a councillor of the then-new Municipal Borough of Manchester. In his final years, without the assistance of business partners, Roberts suffered financial difficulties, and at the time of his death a fund for his aid was being raised.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember, Institution of Civil Engineers 1838.Further ReadingThere is no full-length biography of Richard Roberts but the best account is H.W.Dickinson, 1945–7, "Richard Roberts, his life and inventions", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 25:123–37.W.H.Chaloner, 1968–9, "New light on Richard Roberts, textile engineer (1789–1864)", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 41:27–44.RTS -
77 civics
сущ.1) пол. граждановедение, основы гражданственности (раздел политологии, изучающий права и свободы граждан и обязанности граждан)In 1885 Henry R. Waite founded the American institute of civics. — В 1885 Генри Р. Вайт основал Американский институт граждановедения.
Syn:2) юр. гражданское право; гражданские делаSee: -
78 edict of Nantes
Религия: (Law promulgated in 1598 by Henry IV of France. It granted a large measure of religious liberty to his Protestant subjects) Нантский эдикт -
79 produce
1. nounProdukte Pl.; Erzeugnisse Pl.2. transitive verb‘produce of Spain’ — "spanisches Erzeugnis"
1) (bring forward) erbringen [Beweis]; vorlegen [Beweismaterial]; beibringen [Zeugen]; geben [Erklärung]; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrkarte, Papiere]; herausholen [Brieftasche, Portemonnaie, Pistole]produce something from one's pocket — etwas aus der Tasche ziehen
he produced a few coins from his pocket — er holte einige Münzen aus seiner Tasche
2) produzieren [Show, Film]; inszenieren [Theaterstück, Hörspiel, Fernsehspiel]; herausgeben [Schallplatte, Buch]well-produced — gut gemacht [Film, Theaterstück, Programm]
3) (manufacture) herstellen; zubereiten [Mahlzeit]; (in nature; Agric.) produzieren4) (create) schreiben [Roman, Gedichte, Artikel, Aufsatz, Symphonie]; schaffen [Gemälde, Skulptur, Meisterwerk]; aufstellen [Theorie]5) (cause) hervorrufen; bewirken [Änderung]6) (bring into being) erzeugen; führen zu [Situation, Lage, Zustände]7) (yield) erzeugen [Ware, Produkt]; geben [Milch]; tragen [Wolle]; legen [Eier]; liefern [Ernte]; fördern [Metall, Kohle]; abwerfen [Ertrag, Gewinn]; hervorbringen [Dichter, Denker, Künstler]; führen zu [Resultat]8) (bear) gebären; [Säugetier:] werfen; [Vogel, Reptil:] legen [Eier]; [Fisch, Insekt:] ablegen [Eier]; [Baum, Blume:] tragen [Früchte, Blüten]; entwickeln [Triebe]; bilden [Keime]* * *1. [prə'dju:s] verb1) (to bring out: She produced a letter from her pocket.) hervorholen2) (to give birth to: A cow produces one or two calves a year.) erzeugen3) (to cause: His joke produced a shriek of laughter from the children.) bewirken4) (to make or manufacture: The factory produces furniture.) produzieren5) (to give or yield: The country produces enough food for the population.) produzieren6) (to arrange and prepare (a theatre performance, film, television programme etc): The play was produced by Henry Dobson.) produzieren, inszenieren2. ['prodju:s] noun(something that is produced, especially crops, eggs, milk etc from farms: agricultural/farm produce.) das Produkt- academic.ru/58165/producer">producer- product
- production
- productive
- productivity* * *pro·duceI. vt[prəˈdju:s, AM -ˈdu:s]1. (make)▪ to \produce sth etw herstellen [o produzieren]to \produce antibodies/red blood cells Antikörper/rote Blutkörperchen produzierento \produce coal/oil Kohle/Erdöl fördernto \produce electricity Strom erzeugento \produce ideas/thoughts Ideen/Gedanken entwickelnto \produce an illusion eine falsche Vorstellung erweckento \produce a meal eine Mahlzeit zubereitento \produce noise Lärm verursachento \produce a novel/report einen Roman/Bericht schreiben [o verfassen]to \produce an odour einen Geruch absondernto \produce a painting/a sculpture ein Gemälde/eine Skulptur schaffento \produce a shadow einen Schatten werfento \produce a state of hypnosis einen Hypnosezustand herbeiführento \produce static/sparks atmosphärische Störungen/Funken verursachen [o hervorrufen]to \produce wheat Weizen produzieren2. (bring about)▪ to \produce sth etw bewirken [o hervorrufen]to \produce a change eine Änderung bewirkento \produce an echo ein Echo hervorrufento \produce an effect eine Wirkung erzielento \produce hysteria/uncertainty Hysterie/Unsicherheit hervorrufento \produce profits/revenue Gewinne/Erträge erzielen [o einbringen]to \produce results zu Ergebnissen führento \produce a shift in public opinion die öffentliche Meinung ändern▪ to \produce sb/sth jdn/etw zur Welt bringento \produce kittens/puppies/young [Katzen]junge/Welpen/Junge bekommento \produce offspring Nachwuchs bekommen, für Nachwuchs sorgen hum4. FILM, MUSto \produce top artists Spitzenkünstler/Spitzenkünstlerinnen produzierento \produce a CD/record eine CD/Schallplatte produzieren5. (show)▪ to \produce sth etw hervorholento \produce a gun/a knife/a weapon eine Pistole/ein Messer/eine Waffe ziehento \produce identification/one's passport seinen Ausweis/Pass zeigento \produce a present ein Geschenk hervorzaubernto \produce a receipt eine Quittung vorlegen6. LAWto \produce an alibi/a witness ein Alibi/einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin beibringento \produce evidence/proof den Beweis/Nachweis erbringenII. vi[prəˈdju:s, AM -ˈdu:s]III. n[ˈprɒdju:s, AM ˈprɑ:du:s, ˈproʊ-]dairy \produce Milchprodukte pl, Molkereiprodukte plFrench \produce [or \produce of France] französische ErzeugnisseIV. n[ˈprɒdju:s, AM ˈprɑ:du:s, ˈproʊ-]\produce section Obst- und Gemüseabteilung f* * *['prɒdjuːs]1. n no pl (AGR)Produkt(e pl), Erzeugnis(se) nt(pl)Italian produce, produce of Italy — italienisches Erzeugnis
2. vt[prə'djuːs]1) (= yield) produzieren; (IND) produzieren, herstellen; electricity, energy, heat erzeugen; crop abwerfen; coal fördern, produzieren; (= create) book, article, essay schreiben; painting, sculpture anfertigen; ideas, novel etc, masterpiece hervorbringen; interest, return on capital bringen, abwerfen; meal machen, herstellenthe sort of environment that produces criminal types —
to be well produced — gut gemacht sein; (goods also) gut gearbeitet sein
hopefully he can produce the goods (fig inf) — hoffentlich bringt er es auch (inf)
2) (= bring forward, show) gift, wallet etc hervorholen (from, out of aus); pistol ziehen (from, out of aus); proof, evidence liefern, beibringen; results liefern; effect erzielen; witness beibringen; ticket, documents vorzeigenshe managed to produce something special for dinner — es gelang ihr, zum Abendessen etwas Besonderes auf den Tisch zu bringen
I can't produce it out of thin air — ich kann es doch nicht aus dem Nichts hervorzaubern or aus dem Ärmel schütteln (inf)
if we don't produce results soon —
3. vi[prə'djuːs]1) (THEAT) das/ein Stück inszenieren; (FILM) den/einen Film produzierenthis cow hasn't produced for years (produced calf) (produced milk) when is she going to produce? (hum) — diese Kuh hat jahrelang nicht mehr gekalbt diese Kuh hat jahrelang keine Milch mehr gegeben wann ist es denn so weit?
it's about time that you produced (hum) — es wird bald Zeit, dass ihr mal an Nachwuchs denkt
* * *A v/t1. a) Künstler etc hervorbringen, Werke etc schaffenb) hervorrufen, bewirken, eine Wirkung erzielen:produce a smile ein Lächeln hervorrufen2. Waren etc produzieren, erzeugen, herstellen, fertigen, ein Buch herausbringen oder verfassen, Erz, Kohle etc gewinnen, fördern3. a) BOT Früchte etc hervorbringenc) hum ein Kind etc bekommen4. WIRTSCH einen Gewinn etc (ein)bringen, (-)tragen, abwerfen, erzielen:capital produces interest Kapital trägt oder bringt Zinsen5. heraus-, hervorziehen, -holen ( alle:from aus der Tasche etc)6. seinen Ausweis etc (vor)zeigen, vorlegen7. Zeugen, Beweise etc beibringen8. Gründe vorbringen, anführena) aufführenb) einstudieren, inszenieren, THEAT, RADIO Br Regie führen bei:produce o.s. fig sich produzieren10. einen Schauspieler etc herausbringenB v/i1. produzieren:the factory has not yet begun to produce die Fabrik hat die Produktion noch nicht aufgenommen2. a) BOT (Früchte) tragenb) ZOOL werfenc) hum Nachwuchs bekommen3. WIRTSCH Gewinn(e) abwerfen1. (Boden-, Landes) Produkte pl, (Natur) Erzeugnis(se) n(pl):produce exchange Produktenbörse f;produce market Waren-, Produktenmarkt m2. Ertrag m, Gewinn m3. TECH (Erz)Ausbeute f4. TECH Leistung f, Ausstoß mprod abk2. product* * *1. nounProdukte Pl.; Erzeugnisse Pl.2. transitive verb‘produce of Spain’ — "spanisches Erzeugnis"
1) (bring forward) erbringen [Beweis]; vorlegen [Beweismaterial]; beibringen [Zeugen]; geben [Erklärung]; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrkarte, Papiere]; herausholen [Brieftasche, Portemonnaie, Pistole]2) produzieren [Show, Film]; inszenieren [Theaterstück, Hörspiel, Fernsehspiel]; herausgeben [Schallplatte, Buch]well-produced — gut gemacht [Film, Theaterstück, Programm]
3) (manufacture) herstellen; zubereiten [Mahlzeit]; (in nature; Agric.) produzieren4) (create) schreiben [Roman, Gedichte, Artikel, Aufsatz, Symphonie]; schaffen [Gemälde, Skulptur, Meisterwerk]; aufstellen [Theorie]5) (cause) hervorrufen; bewirken [Änderung]6) (bring into being) erzeugen; führen zu [Situation, Lage, Zustände]7) (yield) erzeugen [Ware, Produkt]; geben [Milch]; tragen [Wolle]; legen [Eier]; liefern [Ernte]; fördern [Metall, Kohle]; abwerfen [Ertrag, Gewinn]; hervorbringen [Dichter, Denker, Künstler]; führen zu [Resultat]8) (bear) gebären; [Säugetier:] werfen; [Vogel, Reptil:] legen [Eier]; [Fisch, Insekt:] ablegen [Eier]; [Baum, Blume:] tragen [Früchte, Blüten]; entwickeln [Triebe]; bilden [Keime]* * *n.Gewachs -¨e n. v.erzeugen v.herstellen v.hervorholen v.produzieren v.vorweisen v.vorzeigen v. -
80 reign
1. nounHerrschaft, die; (of monarch also) Regentschaft, die2. intransitive verbreigning champion — amtierender Meister/amtierende Meisterin
2) (prevail) herrschen* * *[rein] 1. noun(the time during which a king or queen rules: in the reign of Queen Victoria.) die Regierungszeit2. verb2) (to be present or exist: Silence reigned at last.) herrschen* * *[reɪn]I. vito \reign over a country ein Land regieren2. (be dominant) dominieren▪ to \reign over sb/sth jdn/etw beherrschenchaos \reigned over the city in der Stadt herrschte Chaosconfusion/peace/silence \reigns es herrscht Verwirrung/Frieden/Stilleto \reign supreme [absolut] herrschenlove \reigns supreme in her heart ihr Herz ist voller LiebeII. n Herrschaft fthe \reign of Henry VIII die Herrschaft Heinrichs VIII.during the \reign of Queen Victoria unter der Herrschaft von Königin Victoria\reign of terror Schreckensherrschaft f* * *[reɪn] Herrschaft f; (of monarch also) Regentschaft fherrschen (over über +acc)in the reign of... — während der Herrschaft... (+gen)
See:→ academic.ru/72340/supreme">supreme* * *reign [reın]A s1. Regierung(szeit) f:2. Herrschaft f (auch fig der Mode etc):reign of law Rechtsstaatlichkeit f;reign of terror SchreckensherrschaftB v/i1. regieren, herrschen ( beide:over über akk):the reigning beauty die schönste (u. einflussreichste) Frau (ihrer Zeit);the reigning world champion SPORT der amtierende Weltmeister2. fig herrschen:silence reigned es herrschte Schweigen3. vorherrschen, überwiegen* * *1. nounHerrschaft, die; (of monarch also) Regentschaft, die2. intransitive verb1) (hold office) herrschen ( over über + Akk.)reigning champion — amtierender Meister/amtierende Meisterin
2) (prevail) herrschen* * *n.Herrschaft f. v.regieren v.
См. также в других словарях:
Henry's law — may sometimes refer to Lenz s Law In chemistry, Henry s law is one of the gas laws, formulated by William Henry. It states that:: At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly… … Wikipedia
Henry's law — Thermodynam. the principle that at a constant temperature the concentration of a gas dissolved in a fluid with which it does not combine chemically is almost directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas at the surface of the fluid. Cf … Universalium
Henry's law — noun (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases • Topics: ↑chemistry, ↑chemical science • Hypernyms: ↑law, ↑law of nature … Useful english dictionary
Henry's law — Hen·ry s law (henґrēz) [William Henry, English chemist, 1774–1836] see under law … Medical dictionary
Henry's law — noun Chemistry a law stating that the mass of a dissolved gas in a given volume of solvent at equilibrium is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Origin C19: named after the English chemist William Henry … English new terms dictionary
Henry's law — /hɛnriz ˈlɔ/ (say henreez law) noun the principle that the mass of a gas dissolved by a given volume of liquid at constant temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. {named after William Henry, 1774–1836, English… …
Henry's law — the solubility of a gas in a liquid solution at constant temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution … Medical dictionary
Henry — is an English male given name and a surname, derived from Heinrich of Germanic origin. Equivalents in other languages are Henrik (Scandinavian), Eanruig (Scots Gaelic), Enrico (Italian), Henri (French), Enrique (Spanish), Henrik (Hungarian),… … Wikipedia
Henry , William — (1774–1836) British physician and chemist Henry s father, Thomas Henry, was a manufacturing chemist in Manchester and an analytical chemist of some repute. Initially qualifying as a physician from Edinburgh University, Henry practiced for five… … Scientists
law of nature — noun a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature (Freq. 3) the laws of thermodynamics • Syn: ↑law • Hypernyms: ↑concept, ↑conception, ↑construct • … Useful english dictionary
Henry, William — ▪ British chemist born Dec. 12, 1775, Manchester died Sept. 2, 1836, Pendlebury, Lancashire, Eng. English physician and chemist who in 1803 proposed what is now called Henry s law, which states that the amount of a gas absorbed by a liquid is in … Universalium