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1 ἀπαρχή
ἀπαρχή, ῆς, ἡ (cp. ἀπάρχομαι ‘make a beginning’ in sacrifice; orig. of hair cut from the forehead and cast into the fire Il. 19, 254; Od. 14, 422 al., hence ἀπαρχή=‘beginning of a sacrifice’ Eur., Or. 96; such sacrifices would begin with ‘firstlings’ or ‘first fruits’, freq. distinguished also for quality) (Soph., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 15:3; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph.; Celsus 8, 33)① cultic t.t. first fruits, first portion of any kind (incl. animals, both domesticated and wild [for the latter Arrian, Cyneg. 33, 1]), which were holy to the divinity and were consecrated before the rest could be put to secular use (cp. Theopomp. [IV B.C.]:115 Fgm. 344 Jac. p. 608, 5; Cornutus 28 p. 55, 9; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 136 D.; Theophyl. Sym., Ep. 29 Πανὶ τοῦ ποιμνίου τὰς ἀπαρχάς; OGI 179, 12 [I B.C.]; PSI 690, 14; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 61 θεοῖς ἀρίστη μὲν ἀπαρχὴ νοῦς καθαρός; SEG XLII, 17 lit.).ⓐ lit. εἰ ἡ ἀ. ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα if the first fruits ( of dough) are holy, so is the whole lump Ro 11:16 (on first fruits of bread dough, Num 15:18–21, cp. The Mishnah, tr. HDanby ’58 [’33] 83–88 [Hallah]). In full ἀ. γεννημάτων ληνοῦ καὶ ἅλωνος, βοῶν τε καὶ προβάτων the first fruits of the produce of winepress and threshing floor, of cattle and sheep D 13:3, cp. 5f (s. Ex 22:28); ἀ. τῆς ἅλω 1 Cl 29:3. Assigned to a prophet, as to the priests and seers among the gentiles (Artem. 3, 3) and in the OT to the priest D 13:3, 6f.ⓑ fig., w. the components of a above strongly feltα. of persons first fruits of Christians ἀ. τῆς Ἀσίας, i.e. the first convert in Asia Ro 16:5. ἀ. τῆς Ἀχαί̈ας 1 Cor 16:15. Also 2 Th 2:13 (v.l. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς) the first converts of Thessalonica (so Harnack, SBBerlAk 1910, 575ff); pl. 1 Cl 42:4. Gener. ἀ. τις τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων a kind of first fruits of his creatures Js 1:18 (cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 180 of the Jews: τοῦ σύμπαντος ἀνθρώπων γένους ἀπενεμήθη οἷά τις ἀπαρχὴ τῷ ποιητῇ καὶ πατρί; Alex. Aphr., Fat. 1, II 2 p. 164, 10 τινὰ ἀπαρχὴν τῶν ἡμετέρων καρπῶν=a sort of first fruit of our [spiritual] harvest. LElliott-Binns, NTS 3, ’56/57, 148–61). Here as Rv 14:4 the emphasis is less on chronological sequence than on quality (schol. on Eur., Or. 96 ἀπαρχὴ ἐλέγετο οὐ μόνον τ. πρῶτον τῇ τάξει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τ. πρῶτον τ. τιμῇ). The orig. mng. is greatly weakened, so that ἀ. becomes almost = πρῶτος; of Christ ἀ. τῶν κεκοιμημένων the first of those who have fallen asleep 1 Cor 15:20; cp. vs. 23 (HMontefiore, When Did Jesus Die? ET 62, ’60, 53f; s. also BSpörlein, Die Leugnung der Auferstehung, ’71 [ 1 Cor 15]); 1 Cl 24:1.β. of things (Dio Chrys. 54 [71], 2 ἀπαρχαὶ τῆς σοφίας) τὴν ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος ἔχοντες since we possess the first fruits of the Spirit, i.e. as much of the Spirit as has been poured out so far and a foretaste of things to come Ro 8:23 (cp. Thieme 25f), but s. 2 below. διδόναι ἀπαρχὰς γεύσεώς τινος give a foretaste of someth. B 1:7.—ESanders, Jewish Law fr. Jesus to the Mishnah ’90, 283–308.② birth-certificate also suits the context of Ro 8:23; cp. Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372, 4, 7; PFlor 57, 81; 86; 89; PTebt 316, 10; 49; 82; HJones, JTS 23, 1922, 282f; RTaubenschlag, Opera Minora 2, ’59, 220–21 (identification card); L-S-J-M s.v. 7.—HBeer, Ἀπαρχή, diss., Würzb. 1914; EMoutsonlas: Sacris erudiri XV 5–14 (Steenbrugge, ’64); COke, Int 11, ’57, 455–60.—DELG s.v. ἄρχω A. O. Wilck I 345f §140. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
2 καρπός 1
καρπός 1.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `fruit, fruits of the earth, corn, yields' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-poCompounds: several compp., e. g. καρπο-φόρος, ἄ-καρπος.Derivatives: Diminut. καρπίον (Thphr., pap.); adjectives: κάρπιμος `giving fruit' (trag., com., hell.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 45 a. 47), καρπώδης `rich in fruits' (Rom. empire). Denomin. verbs: 1. καρπόομαι `reap fruits, exploit' (IA.), - όω `give, produce fruit' = `bring (burnt) sacrif.' (A., LXX) with κάρπωμα `fruit, sacrif.' and κάρπωσις `use, profit, sacrif.', καρπώσιμος (Hermipp. Hist.); cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 449 a. 2, 550. 2. καρπίζομαι (- ίζω Paros; hell. inscr.) `reap fruits' (E., hell.), - ίζω `fertilize' (E. in lyr.); καρπισμός `yields ' (Arist., Thphr.). 3. καρπεύω, - εύομαι `reap fruits' (Hyp., hell.) with καρπεία `profit, income', καρπεῖον `id.', also = καρπός.Origin: Sub. Eur.Etymology: The nearest comparison gives Lat. carpō `pluck (off)'; so καρπός `plucking off, what is reaped'; on the unexpected oxytonesis s. Schwyzer 459. Here also the Germ. word for `autumn', e. g. OHG herbist (IE. * karpistos prop. "best to pluck", from the month?); also Venet. PN. Carponia, Carpus etc.?; cf. Haas Sprache 2, 235 with uncertain further combinations. As α in καρπός (as opposed to the a in carpō and e in herbist) can also represent vocalic r̥, one also adduces Lith. kerpù `cut with a scissors'. However, Gr. *r̥ would have given - ρα-. The connexion with κρώπιον is prob. wrong (s.v.; the word is Pre-Greek). Also Skt. kr̥pāṇa- `sword' will be unrelated. The words for `sickle' may be related. The French (DELG) posit an "a populaire", which means that the word is a loan, from a Eur. substratum? Cf. Pok 944 * (s)kerb(h)-. Further s. κρώπιον.Page in Frisk: 1,792-793Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καρπός 1
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3 καρπίζουσ'
καρπίζουσα, καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres part act fem nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic)καρπίζουσι, καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)καρπίζουσι, καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)καρπίζουσαι, καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic) -
4 ἀκρόδρυα
ἀκρό-δρυα, τά, prop.A fruits grown on upper branches of trees, esp. hard-shelled fruits, opp. ὀπώρα, Hp.Aff.61, Arist.HA 606b2, cf. Gp. 10.74.2, Ath.2.52a; also, fruits generally, Glaucides ap.eund.3.81a, Arist.Pr. 930b26, PPetr.3p.196 (iii B. C.), PAvrom.1 A13 (i B. C.), Plu.Alex.23;μάζῃ καὶ τοῖς ἀ. ἀρκούμενοι Epicur.Fr. 466
.2 trees which produce such fruits, Pl.Criti. 115b, X.Oec.19.12, Thphr.CP6.11.2;φυτὰ ἀκροδρύων D.53.15
:— fruit-trees in general (incl. vine and olive), Thphr.HP4.4.11. (Sg. in AP9.555 (Crin.), Ath.2.49e; cf. ἀκρόδρυον· πλῆρες μέτρον ([dialect] Tarent.), Hsch.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀκρόδρυα
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5 ἀπάρχομαι
A make a beginning, esp. in sacrifice; τρίχας ἀπάρχεσθαι begin the sacrifice with the hair, i.e. by cutting off the hair from the forehead and throwing it into the fire,κάπρου ἀπὸ τρίχας ἀρξάμενος Il.19.254
;ἀλλ' ὅ γ' ἀπαρχόμενος τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν Od. 14.422
: abs., 3.446.II later c. gen., cut off part of a thing, offer it,τοῦ ὠτὸς τοῦ κτήνεος Hdt.4.188
;ἀ. κόμης E.El.91
; τῶν κρεῶν καὶ σπλάγχνων offer part of them, Hdt.4.61: hence,2 offer the first-lings or first-fruits, πάντων of all sacrifices, Id.3.24: abs., begin a sacrifice, Ar.Ach. 244, Pax 1056, etc.;ἀ. τοῖς θεοῖς X.Hier.4.2
; ἀπηργμένοι, of eunuchs, having had their first-fruits offered, Anaxandr.39.11.3 metaph., take as the first-fruits, take as the choice or best, : abs., offer first-fruits, Theoc.17.109.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπάρχομαι
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6 ὡραῖος
A produced at the right season ([etym.] ὥρα), seasonable, timely: esp. of the fruits of the earth, βίος or βίοτος ὡ. store of fruits gathered in due season, Hes.Op.32, 307; ὡ. καρποί the fruits of the season, καρποὺς.. κατατίθεσθαι ὡραίους to store them up in season, Hdt.1.202: freq. in neut., ὡραῖα, τά, Th.1.120, 3.58, X.An.5.3.9, Pl.Lg. 845e;ἑραίως τὰ ὡραῖα ἀποδιδόναι Hp.Aph.3.8
; ὡραῖα.. ἀποτελεῖν ἱερά to render fruits of the season as sacred offerings, Pl.Criti. 116c, cf. Orac. ap. D.21.52;τρωκτὰ ὡ. X.An.5.3.12
;ἄνθεα AP9.564
([place name] Nicias);σῦκα Aret.CD1.3
; also of animals,ὡ. ἄρνες
yearling,AP
6.157 (Theodorid.); of tunnies at a year old (from six months to one year they were called πηλαμύδες), πηλαμὺς.. ὡραία θέρους τῷ Βοσπορίτῃ S.Fr. 503
; ὡ. θύννοι Ps.-Hes. ap. Ath.3.116b, cf. Hices.ib. 116e, Archestr.Fr.38.9, Plaut.Capt.851; τάριχος ὡ. fish salted or pickled in the season, Alex.186.5;ἰχθύες ἐς τάγηνον ὡ. Babr.6.4
; σαργάναι ὡ. pickling-tubs, Poll.7.27: hence generally, agricultural produce,εἶναι ἐνεχυρασίαν Αἰξωνεῦσιν ἐκ τῶν ὡ. τῶν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου IG22.2492.8
(iv B. C.).2 τὰ ὡραῖα, = τὰ καταμήνια, esp. at their first appearance, Hp.Superf.34.3 Subst. ἡ ὡραία (in full,ὥρη ἡ ὡραίη Aret. SD1.4
, Phryn.PSp.128 B., etc.), harvest-time, esp. the twenty days before and twenty days after the rising of the dog-star, μίμνει ἐς ὡραίην till harvest-time, A.R.3.1390.b the campaigning-season, during which the troops kept the field, D.9.48, 56.30, Plb.3.16.7.c τὴν μὲν ὡραίην οὐκ ὕει it does not rain in the season (sc. of rain), Hdt.4.28.II happening or done in due season, seasonable, ἄροτος, ἔργον, Hes.Op.617.642; πλόος ib. 630;χειμῶνες Thphr.HP4.14.1
;ὕδατα Id.CP2.2.1
; σκαπάνη ib.3.16.1;τομὴ [καλάμου] Id.HP4.11.4
; ὅτε ὡραῖον εἴη when the weather permitted, App.Pun. 120.2 metaph., ( ὥρα (C) B) seasonable, due, proper, ὡραίων τυχεῖν, = νομίμων τυχεῖν (cf. ὥριος (A). 111.2), E.Supp. 175: ἐν ὡραί[ᾳ ἐκκλησίᾳ] dub. in SIG668.4 (Delphi, ii B. C.); ἐνιαύτια ὡ. ib. 1025.37 (Cos, iv/iii B. C.), cf. Hsch.III of persons, seasonable or ripe for a thing, c.gen.,ἀνδρὸς ὡραίη Hdt.1.107
, cf. Lys.Fr.4; γάμων or γάμου ὡραῖαι, Hdt.1.196, 6.122, cf. X.Cyr.4.6.9;ἐς ἥβην ὡραίαν γάμων E.Hel.12
( ὡραίων codd.);ὅστις οὐκέθ' ὡραῖος γαμεῖ Id.Fr. 804
; ὡ. γάμος seasonable marriage, A.Fr.55; also of old persons, ripe or ready for death,πατήρ γε μὴν ὡ. E.Alc. 516
;αὐτὸς δ', ἐν ὠ. γὰρ ἕσταμεν βίῳ, θνῄσκειν ἕτοιμος Id.Ph. 968
;θάνατος ὡ. X.Ages.10.3
; ;ὡραῖος ἀποτέθνηκεν Plu.2.178e
; soὕλη ὡ. τέμνεσθαι Thphr.HP5.1.1
.2 in reference to age, in the prime of life, youthful, Hes.Op. 695: hence in the bloom of youth, opp. ἄωρος, X.Smp.8.21, Pl.R. 574c;ὡ. ἐὼν καὶ καλός Pi.O.9.94
;παιδίσκη ὡραιοτάτη Ar.Ach. 1148
(anap.), cf. Ra. 291, 514;παῖς ὡραῖος Id.Av. 138
: but not necessarily implying beauty,τοῖς τῶν ὡραίων προσώποις, καλῶν δὲ μή Pl.R. 601b
;ἄνευ κάλλους ὡραῖοι Arist.Rh. 1406b37
; cf. ὥρα (C) B. 11.3 generally, of things, beautiful, graceful, LXX Ge.3.6, 2 Ch.36.19, Ev.Matt.23.27;ἡ ὡ. πύλη τοῦ ἱεροῦ Act.Ap.3.10
, cf. 3.2.IV irreg. [comp] Sup.ὡραιέστατος Epich.186d
.V Adv.ὡραίως Hp.Aph.3.8
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7 καρπεύσουσι
καρπεύωenjoy the fruits of: aor subj act 3rd pl (epic)καρπεύωenjoy the fruits of: fut part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)καρπεύωenjoy the fruits of: fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic) -
8 καρπίζη
καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres subj mp 2nd sgκαρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres ind mp 2nd sgκαρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres subj act 3rd sg -
9 καρπίζῃ
καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres subj mp 2nd sgκαρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres ind mp 2nd sgκαρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: pres subj act 3rd sg -
10 συμπαραπολαύση
σύν-παραπολαύωshare the fruits of: aor subj mid 2nd sgσύν-παραπολαύωshare the fruits of: aor subj act 3rd sgσύν-παραπολαύωshare the fruits of: fut ind mid 2nd sg -
11 συμπαραπολαύσῃ
σύν-παραπολαύωshare the fruits of: aor subj mid 2nd sgσύν-παραπολαύωshare the fruits of: aor subj act 3rd sgσύν-παραπολαύωshare the fruits of: fut ind mid 2nd sg -
12 τραγήμαθ'
τραγήματα, τράγημαdried fruits: neut nom /voc /acc plτραγήματι, τράγημαdried fruits: neut dat sgτραγήματε, τράγημαdried fruits: neut nom /voc /acc dual -
13 τραγήματ'
τραγήματα, τράγημαdried fruits: neut nom /voc /acc plτραγήματι, τράγημαdried fruits: neut dat sgτραγήματε, τράγημαdried fruits: neut nom /voc /acc dual -
14 καρπός
-οῦ+ ὁ N 2 26-3-37-41-18=125 Gn 1,11.12.29; 3,2.3fruit Lv 25,3; offspring, fruit (of the womb) Gn 30,2; fruit, profit (of actions) Ps 103(104),13οἱ καρποί fruits of the earth, corn Gn 4,3; products, deeds Prv 10,16; καρποὶ στόματος words Prv 12,14; καρποὶ χειλέων id. Prv 18,20; οἱ καρποὶ τῆς συνέσεως the fruits of understanding, knowledge Sir 37,22; καρποὶ χειρῶν manual labour Prv 31,16; καρπὸς ξυλινός tree fruits 1 Mc 10,30; ἐποίησαν καρπόν they bore fruit, they became fruitful Jer 12,2*Hos 10,12 εἰς καρπὸν ζωῆς for the fruit of life-חלד לפרי for MT לפי־חסד according to steadfast love, cpr. Jb 11,17; *Hos 14,3 καρπὸν χειλέων ἡμῶν the fruit of our lips-פתינושׂ פרי for MT פתינושׂ פרים (let us offer) bulls our lips, i. e. our prayers, cpr. Jer 27(50),27; *Jb 22,21 ὁ καρπός σου (ἔσται ἐν ἀγαθοῖς) your fruit or your yield (will be good), (it willgo well with) your fruit -ְתָכ אָוְּתב for MT ְתָך אָוְֹתב will come to youCf. DOGNIEZ 1992 164(Dt 7,13); PARADISE 1986, 195-196; WALTERS 1973 311(Gn 30,2); →TWNT -
15 ὀπωρίζω
A gather fruit,ὀ. ὀπώραν Pl.Lg. 845a
; σῦκα ib. 844e;ἀπὸ συκῆς ὠπώριζε D.L.6.61
; eat fruits, Arist.HA 612a30 ; gather in the fruits, Plu.Per.9 :—so in [voice] Med., gather in one's fruits, Theopomp.Hist.89 : metaph., ap.Stob.4.21.16.II gather fruit off, ὀπωριεῦντες ([dialect] Ion. [tense] fut. for - ιοῦντες)τοὺς φοίνικας Hdt. 4.172
, 182.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀπωρίζω
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16 απαρκτέον
ἀπαρκτέονone must offer as first-fruits: masc acc sgἀπαρκτέονone must offer as first-fruits: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
17 ἀπαρκτέον
ἀπαρκτέονone must offer as first-fruits: masc acc sgἀπαρκτέονone must offer as first-fruits: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
18 εγκαρπίσαι
ἐν-καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: aor inf actἐγκαρπίσαῑ, ἐν-καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: aor opt act 3rd sg -
19 ἐγκαρπίσαι
ἐν-καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: aor inf actἐγκαρπίσαῑ, ἐν-καρπίζωenjoy the fruits of: aor opt act 3rd sg -
20 ημεροτοκούν
ἡμεροτοκέωproduce eatable fruits: pres part act masc voc sg (attic epic doric)ἡμεροτοκέωproduce eatable fruits: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric)
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