excursĭo

excursĭo, ōnis, f. [excurro], a running out or forth.

Lit.

In gen.:

status (oratoris) erectus et celsus: excursio moderata eaque rara,

a stepping forwards, Cic. Or. 18, 59; so,

nec vultu nec manu nec excursionibus nimius,

Quint. 1, 11, 3:

an intentione rei familiaris obeundae crebris excursionibus avocaris?

excursions, Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 2:

longinquae aut breves,

Dig. 33, 1, 13 fin. —

In partic., milit. t. t., a sally, onset, attack; an excursion, inroad, invasion:

crebras ex oppido excursiones faciebant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30, 1:

copiae, quibus fines suos ab excursionibus hostium et latrociniis tueretur,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

equitatus,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16:

via excursionibus barbarorum infesta,

id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4; cf.:

oram maris infestam regiae naves excursionibus crebris faciebant,

Liv. 37, 14, 3; 30, 11, 6; 30, 8, 4; 37, 38, 9 al.—

Trop.

In gen.: relinquendae erunt vacuae tabellae, in quibus libera adiciendo sit excursio. free room or play for insertions, Quint. 10, 3, 32:

ne qua ex ea narratione fiat excursio,

digression, id. 4, 2, 103.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B.), outset, commencement of a speech:

sed haec fuerit nobis, tamquam levis armaturae, prima orationis excursio,

Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

prooemium, proxima huic narratio: propositio post hanc, vel ut quibusdam placuit, excursio,

Quint. 2, 13, 1.

* * *

excursus, a, um, Part., from excurro.

excursus, ūs, m. [excurro], a running out or forth (rare; not in Cic.; cf. excursio).

Lit.:

excursusque breves tentant (apes),

excursions, Verg. G. 4, 194:

avium,

Sol. 20, 3; cf.

the outflow of water,

Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 8.—

In partic., in milit. lang. (like excursio, I. B.), a sally, charge, onset, attack; an inroad, invasion: excursus militum, * Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2:

rari,

Tac. G. 30:

subiti,

id. Agr. 20: navigiorum, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 2.—

Transf., of localities, a projecting, projection:

promontorium vasto excursu,

Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 6:

ad Pyrenaei montis excursum,

id. 4, 17, 31, § 105.—

Trop., a digression in speaking:

hae (egressiones) per totam causam varios habent excursus, ut laus hominum locorumque, etc.,

Quint. 4, 3, 12;

opp. opus ipsum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 43.

armātūra, ae, f. [armo], armor, equipment.

A.. Lit.:

armatura varia peditatūs et equitatūs,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1:

cohortes nostrā armaturā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

Numidae levis armaturae,

of light armor, Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

universi generis armatura,

Vulg. 2 Par. 32, 5; ib. Ezech. 26, 9.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), armed soldiers; and in class. lang. always with the adj. levis, = velites, light-armed soldiers (opp. gravis armatus). Veg. first used armatura absol. for young troops:

nostrae sunt legiones, nostra levis armatura,

Cic. Phil. 10, 6 fin.:

equites, pedites, levis armatura,

id. Brut. 37, 139:

adsequi cum levi armaturā,

Liv. 27, 48; cf. id. 28, 14; Flor. 4, 2, 49:

equitum triginta, levis armaturae centum milia,

Suet. Caes. 66; Liv. 21, 55; 22, 18:

manipuli levis armaturae,

id. 27, 13:

levis armaturae juvenes,

id. 44, 2 et saep.—

Trop.

Of discourse: haec fuerit nobis, tamquam levis armaturae, prima orationis excursio;

nunc comminus agamus,

Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26. —

A kind of exercise in arms, Amm. 14, 11; Veg. 1, 13; 2, 23.—

In a religious sense (eccl. Lat.):

induite armaturam Dei,

the armor of God, Vulg. Ephes. 6, 11; 6, 13. [p. 163]

com-mĭnus (less correctly cōmĭ-nus), adv. [manus; cf. Beda, Orth. p. 2331 P.; Fronto, Diff. p. 2193 ib.]; orig. belonging to milit. lang., of conflict, in close contest, hand to hand (with the sword, etc.), Gr. sustadon; opp. eminus, also to missilia, sagittae, etc. (class.; most freq. in the histt.): quae mea comminus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 270, 29 Müll.:

nec eminus hastis aut comminus gladiis uteretur,

Cic. Sen. 6, 19; Ov. M. 3, 119:

undique ex insidiis barbari a fronte ab tergo coörti comminus eminus petunt,

Liv. 21, 34, 6; 31, 24, 15; Tac. A. 6, 35; 15, 4; App. M. 5, p. 164, 1:

neque ictu comminus neque conjectione telorum (pulsi),

Cic. Caecin. 15, 43:

jacula inutilia esse... gladio comminus geri rem,

Liv. 44, 35, 12:

dum locus comminus pugnandi daretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58:

veterani... comminus acriter instare,

Sall. C. 60, 3; Liv. 27, 18, 14:

conferre signa,

id. 1, 33, 4:

conferre vires,

id. 42, 47, 8:

adversus resistentes niti,

Tac. A. 4, 51:

trucidato hostium duce,

Suet. Tib. 3.—

Poet., of copulation, Lucr. 4, 1051;

of fighting,

Stat. Th. 10, 213; App. M. 2, p. 122, 14.—

Trop.:

sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio: nunc comminus agamus,

Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

qui me epistulā petivit, ad te, ut video, comminus accessit,

has approached you in person, id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

in apros ire,

Ov. F. 5, 176; cf.:

agrestes comminus ire sues (for in sues),

Prop. 2 (3), 19, 22;

and so also of game: cervos obtruncant ferro,

Verg. G. 3, 374;

and of the preparation of the soil (considered as a contest with the same): jacto qui semine comminus arva Insequitur, i. e. manu sive rastro urget, exercet,

id. ib. 1, 104; cf. App. M. 2, p. 117, 16; Hand, Turs. II. p. 96.—

In gen., without the access. idea of contest, nigh at hand, near to, near, = prope, in or ex propinquo (not freq. before the Aug. per.):

prius Eminus ardescunt quam comminus imbuat ignis,

Lucr. 6, 904:

aspicit hirsutos comminus ursa Getas,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 74; Tac. A. 12, 12:

viso comminus armatorum agmine,

id. H. 1, 41; id. G. 8:

sole per eos dies comminus facto,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 55: aliquid comminus judicantur, near at hand, i.e. by the eyesight, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240; 35, 3, 6, § 17:

recipere a debitore suo pecuniam,

Dig. 13, 7, 3.—

Transf., of time, immediately, = statim, sine intermissione; a very common provincialism in Cisalpine Gaul, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 104.—

In postAug. poetry sometimes = ad manus, at hand:

comminus arma habere,

Val. Fl. 5, 583.

lĕvis, e, adj. [for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. elachus], light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).

Lit.:

leviora corpora (opp. graviora),

Lucr. 2, 227:

aether,

id. 5, 459:

aura,

id. 3, 196:

levior quam pluma,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

stipulae,

Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor:

levis armaturae Numidae,

the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.:

sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio,

Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so,

miles,

a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf.

of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves,

Tac. G. 6:

flebis in solo levis angiportu,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the earth upon the dead:

terraque securae sit super ossa levis,

Tib. 2, 4, 50;

esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos,

the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14:

virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.— Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—

Transf.

Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula,

lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18:

leves malvae,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.:

gravi Malvae salubres corpori,

id. Epod. 2, 57).—

Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.:

agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo),

a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.:

leves venti,

Ov. M. 15, 346:

flatus,

Sil. 15, 162:

currus,

light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150:

levi deducens pollice filum,

light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so,

pollex,

id. ib. 6, 22:

saltus,

id. ib. 7, 767;

3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores,

Nep. Iphicr. 1:

Messapus levis cursu,

Verg. A. 12, 489:

leves Parthi,

id. G. 4, 314:

equus,

Val. Fl. 1, 389:

Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 31:

quaere modos leviore plectro,

nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40:

et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā,

Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. ( poet.):

omnes ire leves,

Sil. 16, 488:

exsultare levis,

id. 10, 605:

levior discurrere,

id. 4, 549:

nullo levis terrore moveri,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514:

hora,

fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181:

terra,

light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92:

et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3;

so (opp graviora),

id. ib. —

Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488:

tactus,

a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180:

strepitus,

id. ib. 7, 840:

stridor,

id. ib. 4, 413.

Trop.

Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.):

nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45:

leve et infirmum,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt;

ad motum animi... leviora,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras,

id. Planc. 26, 63:

auditio,

a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42:

cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper,

something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

dolor,

id. Fin. 1, 12, 40:

proelium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

periculum,

id. B. C. 3, 26:

in aliquem merita,

id. ib. 2, 32, 10:

leviore de causa,

id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.:

praecordia levibus flagrantia causis,

Juv. 13, 182:

effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus,

Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.:

in levi habitum,

was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54:

levia sed nimium queror,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 63:

quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus,

no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240:

quidquid levius putaris,

easier, id. 10, 344.—

With gen. ( poet.):

opum levior,

Sil. 2, 102.—

In disposition or character.

Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false:

homo levior quam pluma,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

ne me leviorem erga te putes,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 34:

tu levior cortice,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

vitium levium hominum atque fallacium,

Cic. Lael. 25, 91:

quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves,

id. ib. 17, 63:

leves ac nummarii judices,

id. Clu. 28, 75:

sit precor illa levis,

Tib. 1, 6, 56:

levi brachio aliquid agere,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6:

quid levius aut turpius,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.:

auctor,

Liv. 5, 15:

leves amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 26, 100:

spes,

vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:

leviores mores,

Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—

Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare):

quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and:

levior reprehensio,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est,

the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.:

nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28:

exsilium,

mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.

Lit. (rare):

armati,

light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.—Of the blow of a weapon:

levius casura pila sperabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—

Trop.

Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat:

leviter densae nubes,

Lucr. 6, 248:

inflexum bacillum,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30:

genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter),

id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saucius,

id. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

non leviter lucra liguriens,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:

agnoscere aliquid,

id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

eruditus,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.— Comp.:

quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser,

so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:

dolere,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.— Sup.:

ut levissime dicam,

to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin. —

Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity:

id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

sed levissime feram, si, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.— Comp.:

levius torquetis Arachne,

more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.

lēvis (erroneously laevis), e, adj. [Gr. leios, leuros], smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi,

id. Part. Or. 10, 36:

Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem,

id. Univ. 6:

pocula,

smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91:

pharetrae,

id. ib. 5, 558:

brassica,

Cato, R. R. 15, 7:

levissima corpora,

Lucr. 4, 659:

coma pectine levis,

Ov. M. 12, 409:

nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae,

Hor. C. 2, 20, 11:

levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis,

Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.— Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, [p. 1055] Verg. A. 5, 328:

levis Juventas ( = imberbis),

smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so,

ora,

Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31:

crura,

Juv. 8, 115:

sponsus,

id. 3, 111:

caput,

id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful:

pectus,

Verg. A. 11, 40:

frons,

id. E. 6, 51:

umeri,

id. A. 7, 815:

colla,

Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate:

vir,

Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.:

externi ne quid valeat per leve morari,

smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so,

per leve,

Pers. 1, 64:

per levia,

Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—

Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—

Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.):

oratio (opp. aspera),

Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so,

levis verborum concursus (opp. asper),

id. de Or. 3, 43, 171:

levis et aspera (vox),

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

levis et quadrata compositio,

id. 2, 5, 9:

levia ac nitida,

id. 5, 12, 18:

(aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur,

id. 9, 4, 116.— Adv. does not occur.