deceptus

* * *

dēceptus, a, um, Part. of decipio.

dēceptus, ūs, m. [decipio], deception (late Lat.), Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 6:

deceptui facilis,

id. Anim. 18.

(deceptus) ensnare, trap, beguile, deceive, cheat.

* * *

dē-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio], primarily signifies to catch away, catch up, seize an animal while running, fleeing, etc. (whence decipula, a snare, trap); but occurs only in the trop. sense (acc. to capio, no. II. B.), to catch, ensnare, entrap, beguile, elude, deceive, cheat (for syn. cf.:

fraudo, emungo, circumscribo, circumvenio, frustror, verba do, impono, fallo): fiunt transennae ubi decipiuntur dolis, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 9 sq.:

ita decipiemus fovea lenonem Lycum,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 59; id. Amph. 1, 1, 268 et saep.:

eo deceptum, quod neque, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14:

T. Roscius novem homines honestissimos... induxit, decepit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117; cf.:

illa amphibolia, quae Croesum decepit, vel Chrysippum potuisset fallere,

id. Div. 2, 56 fin.; Verg. A. 4, 17 al.: homines imperitos et per colloquium deceptos crudelissime interfecisse, Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 3;

so per aliquid,

id. ib. 3, 82 fin.; Liv. 1, 9 al.:

in nullo verbo eum memoria decepit,

Sen. Contr. 1. Praef. 18:

jam semel in prima spe deceptos,

Liv. 36, 40;

for which spe affinitatis deceptum,

Suet. Tib. 65; cf.:

deceptus nocte,

Quint. 4, 2, 71:

cupidine falso,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

specie recti,

id. A. P. 25 et saep.:

amatorem amicae decipiunt vitia,

id. S. 1, 3, 38.— Poet., in Gr. construction: Prometheus dulci laborum decipitur sono, is beguiled of his sufferings (i. e. forgets his sufferings, being beguiled with sweet melody), Hor. Od. 2, 13, 38.—

Of inanimate objects:

exspectationibus decipiendis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf.:

quo opinio decipitur,

Quint. 6, 3, 64:

oculos,

Ov. R. Am. 346; cf. id. M. 3, 431:

nervos,

Pers. 4, 45:

volatile pecus facile custodiam pastoris decipit,

Col. 8, 4, 3:

judicium error,

Ov. Pont. 3, 9, 11:

specimen istud virtutis,

Liv. 8, 7:

sic tamen absumo decipioque diem,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 114; cf. id. H. 19, 55 Loers.; Stat. Silv. 4, 4, 19; Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 233:

quomodo vinum potantem decipit,

Vulg. Hab. 2, 5.—

Absol.:

victima deceptus decipientis ero,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 22:

ab tergo et super caput decepere insidiae,

Liv. 22, 4; Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 204.

sĕmĕl, adv. num. [root sam-, one; Sanscr. sa-, sam-, with, together; Gr. hama, hapax; cf.: sem-per, sim-ilis, sim-plex, sin-gulus, etc.].

Lit., once, a single time: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, Quam semel modo parere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.; and ap. Non. 261, 9 (Trag. v. 298 Vahl.); so,

potin' ut semel modo huc respicias?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 30:

satis sum semel deceptus,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 99:

semel fugiendi si data est occasio, Satis est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 8; so,

semel si,

id. As. 1, 3, 66 (but cf.: si semel, infra, II. B. 2 fin.):

qui vel semel ita est usus oculis, ut vera cerneret, is, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 52, 107:

ut attendant, semel bisne signum canat in castris,

Liv. 27, 47, 3:

semel in mense sulcos sarrito,

Cato, R. R. 43, 2:

semel die,

Cels. 1, 3 fin.:

in diebus,

Col. 12, 30, 1:

semel anno,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 58:

in anno,

id. 4, 12, 26, § 89:

quem (Crassum) semel ait in vitā risisse Lucilius,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so,

semel in vitā,

Plin. 7, 13, 11, § 58:

semel adhuc,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 90:

semel umquam,

id. 2, 35, 35, § 100 et saep.:

M. Valerius Corvinus sellā curuli semel ac vicies sedit,

id. 7, 48, 49, § 157;

for which also: vicies et semel,

id. 2, 108, 102, § 243: sol omni terrarum ambitu non semel major, not greater by once, i. e. not as large again, not twice as large, Sen. Q. N. 6, 16:

haud semel sed centies,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 148; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 15:

non semel, sed bis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 179; Val. Max. 1, 8, 4:

non semel, sed saepe,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 7; id. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

non semel sed saepius,

id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113; Nep. Epam. 7, 2; Lact. 3, 17, 12; Aug. Ep. 43, 15; 102, 7:

non plus quam semel eloqui,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61; Vell. 2, 40, 4; also without quam: plus semel, more than once, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96: Janum Quirinum semel atque iterum clausum, once and again, i. e. twice, Suet. Aug. 22 (for which:

Janus bis clausus,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 4, 12, 64; cf. also Plut. Num. 20); Suet. Aug. 27; but also in a more gen. sense: pecuniam semel atque iterum dare coacti sunt, time and again, i. e. repeatedly, Cic. Font. 12, 26 (8, 16):

hoc semel ille iterumque neglexit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 54; cf.:

cum his Aeduos semel atque iterum armis contendisse,

Caes. B.G. 1, 31; Liv. 27, 16 fin.; so too Suet. Claud. 46;

for which: semel iterumque,

Petr. 34, 9; 115, 12:

Piso saepe dicebat, minus saepe Pomponius, raro Carbo, semel aut iterum Philippus,

only once or twice, Cic. Brut. 90, 308; Sen. Contr. 1, 7, 12:

semel et saepius,

Cic. Phil. 14, 8, 22; Varr. L. L. 10, § 33 Müll.; cf.:

an quod semel jus est, idem et saepius?

Quint. 7, 8, 3.—Late Lat.:

semel et bis,

repeatedly, Vulg. Phil. 4, 16; Greg. M. Ep. 5, 18 fin. —

Transf.

Pregn., like the Gr. hapax, of that which occurs no more than [p. 1664] once, but once, but a single time, once for all:

cum facile orari, Caesar, tum semel exorari soles,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 9:

quibus semel ignotum a te esse oportet,

id. ib. 14, 39:

hostis est datus, cum quo dimicantes aut vitam semel aut ignominiam finirent,

Liv. 25, 6:

totas semel absorbere placentas,

to swallow entire cakes at once, Hor. S. 2, 8, 24:

procubuit moriens et humum semel ore momordit,

once for all, Verg. A. 11, 418; cf.: nulla reparabilis arte Laesa pudicitia est;

deperit illa semel,

Ov. H. 5, 104:

semel aeternā nocte premenda fui,

id. ib. 10, 112:

nobis vero homicidio semel interdicto,

once for all, Tert. Apol. 9:

sic et semel Christus oblatus est,

Vulg. Heb. 9, 28; id. 1 Pet. 3, 18:

quoniam se semel a caeli contemplatione averterunt,

Lact. 6, 1, 7;

hence in Florus: semel in perpetuum,

Flor. 2, 12, 2:

semel et in perpetuum,

id. 3, 6, 7.—Of speech, at once, once for all, in a word, briefly:

cum postulasset, ut sibi fundus, cujus emptor erat, semel indicaretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 62 (for which, just before:

non plus quam semel): interim, quod pluribus collegit adversarius, satis est semel proponere,

Quint. 5, 13, 14; cf.:

ut semel, plura complectar,

id. 11, 1, 66; 1, 2, 24; 2, 15, 34:

ut semel dicam,

id. 10, 1, 17:

ut, quod sentio, semel finiam,

id. 5, 13, 3; cf.:

quisquam denique, ut semel finiam, in lite cantat?

id. 11, 3, 59; so (after denique) id. 10, 3, 22.—

In a succession = primum, primo, the first time, first:

demonstravimus, L. Vibullium Rufum bis in potestatem pervenisse Caesaris, semel ad Corfinium, iterum in Hispaniā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 10; so after bis, with iterum, Liv. 1, 19, 3; Suet. Caes. 36; id. Aug. 25; id. tib. 6 Oud.; 72; id. Claud. 6; after ter, with iterum and tertio, Liv. 23, 9, 11.—Without iterum, etc.:

cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24; cf.:

uti exorta est semel,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118.—

In gen., like primum, to denote the simple antecedence of an occurrence; hence, most freq. with the particles ut, ubi, quando, cum, si, etc., once, ever, at some time, at any time:

quod semel dixi, haud mutabo,

what I have once said, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 85:

quod Complacitum est semel,

id. Am. prol. 106:

satis sum semel deceptus,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 99:

verebamini, ne non id facerem quod recepissem semel?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 9:

nec accidere, ut quisquam te timere incipiat eorum, qui semel a te sint liberati timore,

Cic. Deiot. 14, 39:

in id, quod semel invasit, incumbit,

Quint. 2, 12, 2:

retrahi nequitum, quoquo progressa est semel, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. nequitum, p. 162 Müll.—So too in the comically formed proper name: Quodsemelarripides,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 23.—With particles; with ut:

in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit, semel ut emigravimus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40:

ut occepi semel,

id. Am. 3, 1, 13:

ut semel eloquentia evecta est,

Cic. Brut. 13, 51:

ut semel gloriam consecutus sum,

id. Att. 1, 19, 6; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

denique ut semel finiam,

Quint. 9, 4, 138.—With ubi:

ubi erit accubitum semel,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 105:

ubi animus semel cupiditate se devinxit malā,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34; 2, 4, 12; Liv. 22, 2.—With quandoquidem:

perge, quandoquidem occepisti semel,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 34.—With quando:

quando in apertum semel discrimen evasura esset res,

Liv. 10, 14, 8.—With cum:

quae proclivius ad perniciem, cum semel coepit, labitur,

Cic. Lael. 12, 41.—With quoniam:

(Antonius) quoniam semel induxit animum, sibi licere quod vellet, etc.,

Cic. Att. 14, 13, 6;

Ov H. 12, 11: illam partem, quoniam semel ita vobis placuit, non recusabo quominus perpoliam,

Cic. de Or 2, 28, 121; id. Rosc. Am. 11, 31; id. Phil. 12, 7, 18; Liv. 40, 13, 7.—With si:

si semel amoris peculum accepit, Extemplo et ipsus periit et res,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 22; so,

si semel,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 42:

si istam semel amiseris libertatem,

id. ib. 3, 1, 106 Brix ad loc.; Ov. M. 13, 101:

si illum semel prehendero,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 6:

si semel animum tuom perspexerit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:

et semel emissum volat inrevocabile verbam,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 71 (but, semel si, if once, if ever, whenever, as an emphatic numeral, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66; id. Capt. 1, 2, 8; v. supra, I. init.).—With participles (several times in Liv. and Quint.): ut adversando remorandoque incitato semel militi adderent impetum, Liv. 2, 45, 7; so id. 5, 6, 8; 25, 6, 15; Quint. 4, 2, 115; 7, 10, 9; 10, 7, 24 al.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

ăvis, is, f. ( abl. sing. avi and ave; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 66 Müll.; Prisc. p. 765 P.; Rhem. Palaem. p. 1374 P.; Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 218, 222; in the lang. of religion, the form avi is most common; v. infra) [cf. Sanscr. vā (which may imply av), to blow (to wave); vis, a bird; Zend, vi; with which Curt. compares oi-ônos, a large bird, and Benfey ai-etos, an eagle].

Lit., a bird; or collect., the winged tribe:

Liber captivos avis ferae consimilis est,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7:

videmus novis avibus canere undique silvas,

Lucr. 1, 256:

arguta,

Prop. 1, 18, 30:

istā enim avi (sc. aquilā) volat nulla vehementius,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144:

ave ad perfugia litorum tendente,

Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 9; Vulg. Gen. 1, 2; ib. Deut. 4, 17; ib. Marc. 4, 32; ib. Luc. 13, 34 et saep.—In Varr. once of bees:

de incredibili earum avium naturā audi,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 3.—A description of birds is found ap. Plin. lib. 10; of their habits, ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 3 sq. and ap. Col. 8, 1 sq.—

Transf.

Esp., in reference to auguries, since the Romans took their omens or auguries from birds (v. augurium and auspicium): post quam avem aspexit templo Anchises, Naev. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31.—Hence, avis, meton., = omen a sign, omen, portent, freq. with the epithets bona, mala, sinistra ( = bona;

v. sinister), adversa, etc.: liquido exeo foras Auspicio avi sinistrā,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 2:

ducam legiones meas Avi sinistrā, auspicio liquido atque ex sententiā,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 72: solvere secundo rumore aversāque avi, poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29, where B. and K. read adversā:

malā ducis avi domum,

with a bad omen, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5:

este bonis avibus visi natoque mihique,

Ov. F. 1, 513; so id. M. 15, 640:

di, qui secundis avibus in proelium miserint,

Liv. 6, 12, 9:

Quā ego hunc amorem mihi esse avi dicam datum?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 26:

Hac veniat natalis avi,

Tib. 2, 2, 21.—In abl., form ave:

tunc ave deceptus falsā,

Ov. M. 5, 147.—

Comically, for a man in the garb of a bird:

Sed quae nam illaec est avis, quae huc cum tunicis advenit?

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 15.—

Avis alba, v. albus, I. B. 3. e.

flĕo, flēvi, flētum, 2 (contr. forms flēsti, Ov. H. 5, 43; 45:

flēmus,

Prop. 2, 7, 2; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 291:

flērunt,

Verg. G. 4, 461; Stat. S. 2, 1, 175:

flēsset,

id. ib. 145:

flēsse,

Ov. M. 6, 404; Liv. 30, 44, 7), v. n. and a. [for flev-o, root phlu-; Gr. phluô, to bubble up, etc.; L. fluo, fluvius, etc.; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 301 sq.].

Lit., to weep, cry, shed tears (syn.: ploro, lugeo, lacrimo): maerentes, flentes, lacrimantes, commiserantes, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 442 P. (Ann. 107 ed. Vahl.):

fleo, quia dijungimur,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 18:

quin fles,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 73:

nimium haec flet,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 14:

ne fle, mulier!

id. Ep. 4, 2, 31:

quid fles, Asterie?

Hor. C. 3, 7, 1:

ille me complexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14 fin.:

haec cum pluribus verbis flens a Caesare peteret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 5; cf. id. ib. 7, 26, 3; id. B. C. 1, 76, 1; 3, 98, 2:

deceptus quoniam flevit et ipse, deus,

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 54:

felix qui potuit praesenti flere puellae,

before, in the presence of, Prop. 1, 12, 15; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 64:

o multa fleturum caput!

Hor. Epod. 5, 74:

lapides mehercule omnes flere et lamentari coëgisses,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245.— Pass. impers.:

ad sepulcrum venimus: in ignem posita est: fletur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 102:

minus est, quod flendum meo nomine quam quod gaudendum illius est,

Quint. 6 praef. § 8; so id. 6, 2, 3; 11, 1, 52.—

Transf.

Of horses, to neigh:

equorum greges comperit ubertim flere,

Suet. Caes. 81.—

Of things, to drop, trickle (ante- and post-class.):

uberibus flent omnia guttis,

Lucr. 1, 349:

flevit in templis ebur,

Sen. Thyest. 702:

imber,

Prud. Cath. 5, 24.

Act., to weep for, bewail, lament, a person or thing; to sing mournfully (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; once in Cic.): He. Ne fle. Er. Egone illum non fleam? egone non defleam Talem adolescentem? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 36:

unicum (filium) mater,

Cat. 39, 5:

parentes Troĭlon,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 17:

Gygen,

id. ib. 3, 7, 1;

amissas amicitias,

Cat. 96, 4:

* Pisonem eis verbis flens meum casum vexavit,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

filii necem,

Tac. A. 6, 10; 2, 71:

suam vicem,

Curt. 10, 5, 21:

servitutem tristem,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 6:

amissum conjugem,

Just. 28, 4, 4:

fidem mutatosque deos,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 6:

moechos arrogantes,

id. ib. 1, 25, 10:

catellam raptam sibi,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 56:

amorem testudine,

id. Epod. 14, 11: feralia carmina, to sing, Col. poët. 10, 350:

virum,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 1:

amissum fratrem,

id. ib. 4, 29, 8:

adlatum ad se Pompeii caput,

id. ib. 10, 32, 1.—In part. perf.:

multum fleti ad superos,

bewailed, lamented, Verg. A. 6, 481; Stat. Th. 4, 103.—

With object-clause:

agmina septem Flebis in aeterno surda jacere situ,

Prop. 1, 7, 18; Val. Fl. 1, 633.—Hence, flē-tus, a, um, P. a., weeping:

mater fleta et lacrimosa,

App. M. 7, p. 199 fin. (but in Lucr. 2, 631 the correct read. is sanguinolenti).

ĭmāgo, ĭnis, f. [cf. imitor], an imitation, copy of a thing, an image, likeness (i. e. a picture, statue, mask, an apparition, ghost, phantom; the latter only poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: simulacrum, effigies, statua, sigillum): imago ab imitatione dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 112 Müll.; cf.: imago dicitur quasi imitago, Porphyr. Hor. C. 1, 12, 4.

Lit.

In gen., a representation, likeness (usu. of a person), statue, bust, picture:

Spartiates Agesilaus neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse... unus Xenophontis libellus in eo rege laudando facile omnes imagines omnium statuasque superavit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

Demosthenes, cujus nuper inter imagines tuas ac tuorum imaginem ex aere vidi,

id. Or. 31, 110:

Epicuri in poculis et in anulis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3: hominis imaginem gypso e facie ipsa primus omnium expressit ceraque in eam formam gypsi infusa emendare instituit Lysistratus Sicyonius, Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153:

Africani,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10:

mulieris,

Quint. 7, 7, 5:

Antigoni,

id. 2, 13, 12:

depictam in tabula sipariove imaginem rei,

id. 6, 1, 32:

si in tabula mea aliquis pinxerit velut imaginem,

Gai. Inst. 2, 78:

cereae,

Hor. Epod. 17, 76; id. S. 1, 8, 43:

ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra,

Juv. 7, 29:

hoc tibi sub nostra breve carmen imagine vivat,

Mart. 9, 1:

epistula atque imago me certum fecit,

i. e. the image on the seal, the signet, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 35; 4, 2, 29; 4, 7, 105:

nunc amici anne inimici sis imago, Alcesime, mihi, sciam,

i. e. will act like a friend, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 1.—

A phantom, ghost, apparition:

infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae Visa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago,

Verg. A. 2, 773; cf.:

et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago,

shade, spirit, Verg. A. 4, 654; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6; cf. id. ib. 1:

non vanae redeat sanguis imagini,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 15:

(somnus) Vanum nocturnis fallit imaginibus,

Tib. 3, 4, 56; cf. Hor. C. 3, 27, 40; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Calig. 50:

te videt in somnis, tua sacra et major imago humana turbat pavidum,

Juv. 13, 221:

quid natum totiens falsis Ludis imaginibus?

phantoms, Verg. A. 1, 408:

ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago,

id. ib. 2, 369; cf.:

repetitaque mortis imago,

Ov. M. 10, 726:

lurida mortis imago,

Petr. 123, v. 257:

varia pereuntium forma et omni imagine mortium,

Tac. H. 3, 28:

caesorum insepultorumque,

id. A. 1, 62:

supremorum (i. e. funeris) imago,

id. H. 4, 45.— Poet.:

genitiva (with forma),

natural shape, figure, Ov. M. 3, 331; so,

rudis et sine imagine tellus (= informis),

shapeless, id. ib. 1, 87.—

In partic., an ancestral image of a distinguished Roman (of one who had been aedile, praetor, or consul; usually made of wax, and placed in the atrium of a Roman house, and carried in funeral processions.—

In plur.: obrepsisti ad honores errore hominum, commendatione fumosarum imaginum, quarum simile habes nihil praeter colorem, of smoky (i. e. old) ancestral images, Cic. Pis. 1, 1; cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 28, 1; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

si quid deliquero, nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

no ancestors of distinction, Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 100; cf.:

quia imagines non habeo et quia mihi nova nobilitas est,

Sall. J. 85, 25:

qui imagines familiae suae consecuti sunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

homo veteris prosapiae ac multarum imaginum,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

majorum imagines,

id. ib. 5, 5; Suet. Vesp. 1:

multis in familia senatoriis imaginibus,

id. Aug. 4:

esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11:

qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus,

id. S. 1, 6, 17; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6 sqq.; Prop. 2, 13, 19; Suet. Vesp. 19.—

In sing. (rare):

jus imaginis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

imaginis ornandae causa,

id. Sest. 8, 19:

vir honoratissimae imaginis futurus ad posteros,

Liv. 3, 58, 2:

clarum hac fore imagine Scaptium,

would become an aristocrat, id. 3, 72, 4, v. Weissenb. ad loc.:

Tunc Cotta ne imago Libonis exsequias posterorum comitaretur censuit,

Tac. A. 2, 32.

Transf., a reverberation of sound, an echo (mostly poet.):

(mellaria facere oportet) potissimum ubi non resonent imagines,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

concava pulsu Saxa sonant, vocisque offensa resultat imago,

Verg. G. 4, 50; cf. Sil. 14, 365:

alternae deceptus imagine vocis: Huc coëamus ait... Coëamus retulit Echo,

Ov. M. 3, 385:

cujus recinit jocosa Nomen imago,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 4; so,

jocosa Vaticani montis,

id. ib. 1, 20, 8:

vaga,

Val. Fl. 3, 596.

Trop.

In gen., an image or likeness of a thing formed in the mind, a conception, thought, imagination, idea:

Scipionis memoriam atque imaginem sibi proponere,

Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

magnam partem noctium in imagine tua vigil exigo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1:

Verginium cogito, Verginium video, Verginium jam vanis imaginibus audio,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12: imagines, quae eidôla nominant, quorum incursione non solum videmus, sed etiam cogitamus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 21; cf.:

imagines extrinsecus in animos nostros per corpus irrumpere,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125: plena sunt imaginum omnia, nulla species cogitari potest nisi pulsu imaginum, etc.; id. Div. 2, 67, 137 sq.: unum aliquem te ex barbatis illis, exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis, columen rei publicae diceres intueri, an image of the olden time, id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

expressam imaginem vitae quotidianae videre,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

quidnam illi consules dictatoresve facturi essent, qui proconsularem imaginem tam saevam ac trucem fecerint, i. e. by cruelty in office,

Liv. 5, 2, 9:

naturae... urbis et populi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 39 fin.:

justitiae,

Quint. 2, 20, 6:

virtutis,

id. 10, 2, 15:

similitudines ad exprimendas rerum imagines compositae,

id. 8, 3, 72: illae rerum imagines, quas vocari phantasias indicavimus, id. 10, 7, 15:

conscripta formantur imagine templa,

plans, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

scipione determinata prius templi imagine in solo,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

tua, pater Druse, imago,

memory, Tac. A. 1, 13:

magna illic imago tristium laetorumque,

recollection, id. ib. 2, 53:

si te nulla movet tantae pietatis imago,

Verg. A. 6, 405.—

In partic.

In rhet., a figurative representation, similitude, comparison:

comparabile est, quod in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem continet. Ejus partes sunt tres: imago, collatio, exemplum. Imago est oratio demonstrans corporum aut naturarum similitudinem, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf.:

imago est formae cum forma cum quadam similitudine collatio,

Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62; Sen. Ep. 59, 92; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Hor. S. 2, 3, 320; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—

With the idea predominating of mere imitation, in opp. to what is original or real, a mere form, image, semblance, appearance, shadow:

consectatur nullam eminentem effigiem virtutis, sed adumbratam imaginem gloriae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

nos veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus: umbra et imaginibus utimur,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69; cf.:

non in umbra et imagine civitatis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 30; and:

umbram equitis Romani et imaginem videtis,

id. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

haec ars tota dicendi, sive artis imago quaedam est et similitudo, habet hanc vim, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

judiciorum,

only the appearance of courts, id. Sest. 13, 30; cf.:

imaginem rei publicae nullam reliquissent,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 88:

his quoque imaginibus juris spretis,

Liv. 41, 8, 10:

imaginem retinendi largiendive penes nos, vim penes Parthos,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

habitu et ore ad exprimendam imaginem honesti exercitus,

the pretence, id. ib. 16, 32; 6, 27; id. H. 1, 84; 3, 70:

qui faciem eloquentiae, non imaginem praestaret,

id. Or. 34:

nec imagine rerum, sed rebus incendit,

Quint. 10, 1, 16:

in falsa rerum imagine detineri,

id. 10, 5, 17; cf.:

nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod illi (hermae) marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago,

Juv. 8, 55.—

A representative: non in effigies mutas divinum (Augusti) spiritum transfusum;

sed imaginem veram, caelesti sanguine ortam, intellegere discrimen, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 52.—

That which suggests or recalls something by resemblance, a reminder:

me consolatur recordatio meorum temporum, quorum imaginem video in rebus tuis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

a Corbulone petierat, ne quam imaginem servitii Tiridates perferret,

nothing to suggest slavery, Tac. A. 15, 31; cf.:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo possim imaginem antiquae et vernaculae festivitatis adgnoscere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2.

index, dĭcis, com. [1. indico], he who ( that which) points out, a pointer, indicator (class.).

Lit.

Of things.

Of the forefinger, index-finger.

With digitus:

indice monstraret digito,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 26; Isid. Orig. 11, 1, 70.—

Alone:

sed plane pollex, non index,

Cic. Att. 13, 46, 1. —

In gen., an index, sign, mark, indication, proof:

complexus, summae benevolentiae falsi indices in amore simulato,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

quia continetis vocem, indicem stultitiae vestrae,

id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18: auctoris anulus index, Ov. P. 2, 10, 3:

lacrimas paenitentiae indices profuderunt,

Curt. 5, 10, 13:

herbae horarum indices heliotropium ac lupinum,

Plin. 18, 27, 67, § 252:

imago animi vultus, indices oculi,

Cic. Or. 18, 60:

Janum indicem pacis bellique fecit,

Liv. 1, 19, 2.—

Of persons.

In gen., one who indicates or discloses, a discoverer, director, guide, informer, discloser, witness:

haec omnia indices detulerunt, rei confessi sunt,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5:

Sestius ab indice Cn. Nerio de ambitu est postulatus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5; id. Clu. 7, 21:

immittere ad rei probationem,

Just. 32, 2 fin.:

idem et testis,

Tac. A. 4, 28.—

Esp., in a bad sense, an informer, betrayer, spy:

Catilinam vallatum indicibus atque sicariis,

Cic. Mur. 24, 49:

saeptus armatis indicibus,

id. Sest. 44, 95; id. Vat. 10, 24.—

Transf.

Of books.

A title, superscription:

deceptus indicibus librorum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:

alteri (libello) Gladius, alteri Pugio index erat,

Suet. Cal. 49:

index orationis P. Scipionis nomen M. Naevii habet,

Liv. 38, 56. —

An index, catalogue, table, list, summary:

ut non indicem certe ex bibliotheca sumptum transferre in libros suos possit,

Quint. 10, 1, 57:

philosophorum,

Sen. Ep. 39, 2; cf. Gell. 3, 3, 1:

hactenus omnia jura quasi per indicem tetigisse satis est,

Gai. Inst. 3, 54:

quasi per indicem rem exponere,

id. ib. 4, 15:

fungar indicis partibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 2.—

Of paintings or statues, an inscription:

nec quaeris, quid quaque index sub imagine dicat,

Tib. 4, 1, 30:

tabula in aedem Matris Matutae cum indice hoc posita est, etc.,

Liv. 41, 28, 8.—

Of a touchstone:

in durum silicem, qui nunc quoque dicitur Index,

Ov. M. 2, 706.

mŏdus, i, m. [root med-, measure, weigh; Gr. medomai, medontes, mêstôr, medimnos; cf.: modius, modestus, moderor], a measure with which, or according to which, any thing is measured, its size, length, circumference, quantity (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

modi, quibus metirentur rura,

Varr. R. R. 1, 10, 1:

is modus acnua Latine appellatur,

id. ib. 1, 10, 2:

filio agri reliquit ei non magnum modum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 13:

hoc erat in votis, modus agri non ita magnus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 1:

de modo agri scripsit,

Cic. Att. 13, 33, 2:

de modo agri (actio), cum a venditore emptor deceptus est,

Paul. Sent. 1, 19, 1:

modus hic agri nostro non sufficit horto,

Juv. 14, 172:

modus altitudinis et latitudinis (sulcorum),

Col. 11, 3, 4:

collis modum jugeri continens,

Col. Arbor. 1, 6:

ut omnium par modus sit,

Cels. 3, 27; cf. Col. 12, 23:

falsus,

false measure, Dig. 11, 6: magnus legionum, Vell. 2, 73, 2: hic mihi conteritur vitae modus, measure or term of life, Prop. 1, 7, 9.—

In partic.

Pregn., a proper measure, due measure:

in modo fundi non animadverso lapsi sunt multi,

Varr. R. R. 1, 11:

suus cuique (rei) modus est,

Cic. Or. 22, 73:

ordine et modo,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

modum alicujus rei habere,

to observe measure in a thing, not exceed the bounds of moderation, id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

vox quasi extra modum absona,

beyond measure, immoderately, id. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

cum lacus praeter modum crevisset,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

ii sine dubio fidem et modum transeunt,

id. Off. 1, 29, 102:

supra modum in servos suos saevire,

Gai. Inst. 1, 53:

sine modo modestiāque,

without measure, without moderation, Sall. J. 41, 9:

sine modo ac modestia agi,

Liv. 26, 48, 11.—

The measure of tones, measure, rhythm, melody, harmony, time; in poetry, measure, metre, mode:

vocum,

Cic. Div. 2, 3, 9:

musici,

Quint. 1, 10, 14:

lyrici,

Ov. H. 15, 6:

fidibus Latinis Thebanos aptare modos,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 12: Bacchico exsultas (i. e. exsultans) modo, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 152 Vahl.):

flebilibus modis concinere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106: saltare ad tibicinis modos, to the music or sound of the flute, Liv. 7, 2:

nectere canoris Eloquium vocale modis,

Juv. 7, 19.—Fig.:

verae numerosque modosque ediscere vitae,

moral harmonies, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 144.—

Transf.

A measure which is not to be exceeded, a bound, limit, end, restriction, etc.:

modus muliebris nullust, neque umquam lavando et fricando modum scimus facere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 21:

quis modus tibi tandem exilio eveniet,

id. Merc. 3, 4, 67:

modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

to set bounds to, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

ludendi est quidem modus retinendus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 104:

imponere alicui,

Liv. 4, 24, 4:

cum modum irae nullum faceret,

id. 4, 50, 4:

modum transire,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 4:

cupidinibus statuat natura modum quem,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 111:

inimicitiarum modum facere,

Cic. Sull. 17, 48:

modum statuarum haberi nullum placet,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

qui rebus infinitis modum constituant,

id. Fin. 1, 1, 2:

constituere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145: modus vitae, tou biou telos, Prop. 1, 7, 9. —With gen. gerund.:

modum lugendi aliquando facere,

to make an end of mourning, Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 6.— Poet. with inf.:

nam quis erit saevire modus?

Stat. Th. 12, 573; cf. the foll.—

A way, manner, mode, method:

modus est, in quo quem ad modum, et quo animo factum sit, quaeritur, Ejus partes sunt prudentia, et imprudentia,

Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 41:

nullum modum esse hominis occidendi quo ille non aliquot occiderit,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

nec enim semper (hae partes) tractantur uno modo,

id. Or. 35, 122:

vitae,

way of life, id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

caelestium ordinem... imitari vitae modo,

id. Sen. 21, 77: quibus modis, by what method of acting, i. e. what means, Sall. C. 5, 6:

cultores has Alpis modo tuto transmittere,

Liv. 21, 30, 8.— Poet. with inf.:

nec modus inserere atque oculos imponere simplex,

Verg. G. 2, 73.—

Esp. freq.: modo, in modum, or ad modum, with a gen. or adj., in the manner of, like:

servorum modo,

in the manner of, like slaves, Liv. 39, 26:

pecorum modo trahi,

Tac. A. 4, 25:

in modum ramorum,

Col. Arbor. 22:

in nostrum modum,

in our manner, Tac. H. 3, 25:

servilem in modum cruciari,

like slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3; Suet. Calig. 56:

mirum in modum,

in a wonderful manner, wonderfully, Caes. B. G. 1, 41:

ad hunc modum distributis legionibus,

in this manner, id. ib. 5, 24:

naves ad hunc modum factae,

id. ib. 3, 13:

nos nostras more nostro et modo instruximus legiones,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66:

non tuo hoc fiet modo,

id. Men. 2, 1, 25:

si humano modo, si usitato more peccāsset,

after the manner of men, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 8; cf.:

Carneadeo more et modo disputata,

id. Univ. 1; for which with gen.:

apis Matinae More modoque,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 28; and:

agendi more ac modo,

Quint. 11, 1, 29:

tali modo,

in such a manner, in such wise, Nep. Att. 21, 1:

nullo modo,

in no wise, by no means, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 186:

omni modo egi cum rege et ago cotidie,

in every way, earnestly, urgently, id. Att. 6, 2, 7: omnibus modis tibi esse rem salvam [p. 1157] ut scias, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 13:

omnibus modis miser sum,

every way, wholly, completely, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 79:

miris modis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9; Liv. 1, 57, 6; Hor. C. 2, 17, 21:

mille modis amor ignorandust,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 30:

hoc multis modis reprehendi potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 82 (v. Madv. ad h. l.); so,

filium multis modis jam exspecto, ut redeat domum,

very much, Ter. Hec. 2, 3, 7; cf.

multimodis: mira miris modis,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 5; cf.

mirimodis: eum tibi commendo in majorem modum,

very much, greatly, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 3:

nullo modo,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102; Col. 9, 8; Suet. Tit. 2:

bono modo,

moderately, Cato, R. R. 5:

bono modo desiderare aliquid,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3: ejus modi, of that kind, of such a kind or sort (freq.):

ejusmodi sunt tempestates consecutae, ut,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

in ejusmodi casu,

id. ib. 5, 33, 4;

6, 34, 7: erant ejusmodi fere situs oppidorum, ut,

id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

petitionis nostrae hujusmodi ratio est,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; so,

cujusquemodi, cujusdammodi, cujusmodicumque, cuimodi, cuicuimodi, v. Zumpt, § 678: cujusmodi,

of what sort, Cic. Fam. 15, 20, 3:

cujuscemodi,

of what sort soever, id. Inv. 2, 45, 134: hujusmodi, hujuscemodi, of this kind, such:

hujusmodi casus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 22:

hujuscemodi verba,

Sall. J. 9 fin.:

illiusmodi,

of that kind, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; so,

istiusmodi amicos,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 15.—

In gram., a form of a verb, a voice or mood:

in verbo fiunt soloecismi per genera, tempora, personas, modos, etc.,

Quint. 1, 5, 41: patiendi modus ( the passive voice)... faciendi modus ( the active voice), id. 9, 3, 7; cf. 1, 6, 26.

per, prep. with acc. (by solecism with abl. PER QVO, = whereby, Inscr. Miseni Repert. ex a. p. Chr. n. 159; Inscr. Orell. 3300) [kindr. with Gr. para; Sanscr. pāra, ulterior; Lith. pèr; cf.: parumper, paulisper; v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 269], denotes, like the Gr. dia, motion through a space, or extension over it.

Lit., of space, through, through the midst of, throughout, all over, all along: per amoena salicta raptare aliquem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): inde Fert sese (equus) campi per caerula laetaque prata, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (id. v. 505 ib.): per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, id. ap. id. ib. 6, 4 (id. v. 177 ib.):

per membranas oculorum cernere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

coronam auream per forum ferre,

id. Att. 14, 16, 2:

iit hasta per tempus utrumque,

Verg. A. 9, 418:

se per munitiones deicere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26:

per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 46:

per ignes,

Ov. M. 8, 76:

per Averna,

id. ib. 14, 105:

per caelum,

Verg. A. 4, 700:

per vias fabulari,

in all the streets, Plaut. Cist. 5, 1:

per totam urbem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 11:

qui per provincias atque imperium tuum pecunias ei credidissent,

in the provinces, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

invitati hospitaliter per domos,

Liv. 1, 9:

via secta per ambas (zonas),

Verg. G. 1, 238; 245:

nascuntur copiosissime in Balearibus ac per Hispanias,

in, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

per illas gentes celebratur,

throughout, Tac. A. 12, 12:

gustūs elementa per omnia quaerunt,

Juv. 11, 14.—

Placed after the noun: viam per,

Lucr. 6, 1264:

transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppes,

Verg. A. 5, 663; 6, 692.

Transf.

Of time, through, throughout, during, for:

quod des bubus per hiemem,

the winter through, during the winter, Cato, R. R. 25:

nulla res per triennium, nisi ad nutum istius, judicata est,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13:

nulla abs te per hos dies epistula... venerat,

during these days, id. Att. 2, 8, 1:

per decem dies ludi facti sunt,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

per idem tempus,

during, at, in the course of, id. Brut. 83, 286; Suet. Galb. 10:

per noctem cernuntur sidera,

during the night, in the night-time, Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 48:

per inducias,

during, Liv. 38, 2: per multa bella, id. 8, 13:

per ludos,

id. 2, 18:

per comitia,

Suet. Caes. 80:

per somnum,

id. ib. 45: per tempus, during, i. e. at the right time, = in tempore, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 6; Ter. And. 4, 4, 44; id. Hec. 4, 3, 16.—So distr.:

per singulas noctes,

Suet. Caes. 1; id. Calig. 22; cf.:

per haec,

meanwhile, id. Claud. 27:

per quae,

id. Tib. 52.—

To indicate the agent, instrument, or means, through, by, by means of:

statuerunt injurias per vos ulcisci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:

detrimenta publicis rebus per homines eloquentissimos importata,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

quid ais? vulgo occidebantur? Per quos? et a quibus?

by whom? and by whose command? id. Rosc. Am. 29, 80:

quae domi gerenda sunt, ea per Caeciliam transiguntur,

id. ib. 51, 149:

quod nefarium stuprum non per illum factum est,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 7.—Placed after its case:

Exerce vocem, quam per vivis et colis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—Esp.: per fidem decipere, fallere, etc. (= datā fide): per fidem deceptus sum, through confidence, i. e. in my host who betrayed me, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 69; Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 3.—So, per se, per te, through himself, by himself, of himself, etc.:

homo per se cognitus, sine ullā commendatione majorum,

Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

per me tibi obstiti, = solus,

by myself, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

satis per te tibi consulis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:

per se solus,

Liv. 1, 49.—With ipse:

nihil ipsos per se sine P. Sullā facere potuisse,

Cic. Sull. 24, 67:

ipsum per se, suā vi, sua naturā, sua sponte laudabile,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 50.—To form an adverb. expression, in, by, through, etc.:

non dubitavi id a te per litteras petere,

by letter, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

per summum dedecus vitam amittere,

in the most infamous manner, most infamously, id. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:

per iram facere aliquid,

in anger, id. Tusc. 4, 37, 79:

per commodum,

Liv. 30, 29, 3 (cf. II. A. supra):

per commodum rei publicae,

id. 10, 25, 17; 22, 57, 1; 31, 11, 2:

per ludum et jocum,

sporting and jesting, in sport and jest, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 70, §

181: per vim,

forcibly, Sall. J. 23, 1:

per dolum,

id. ib. 11, 8:

per otium,

at leisure, Liv. 4, 58, 12:

ceteris copiis per otium trajectis,

id. 21, 28, 4:

cibo per otium capto,

id. 21, 55, 1:

per tumultum = tumultuose,

id. 44, 45, 14. —

To designate the reason, cause, inducement, etc., through, for, by, on account of, for the sake of:

per metum mussari,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 12:

qui per virtutem perit, at non interit,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 32:

cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

per aetatem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 16 fin.:

Druso propinquanti quasi per officium obviae fuere legiones,

Tac. A. 1, 24:

ut nihil eum delectaret, quod aut per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret,

Cic. Mil. 16, 43:

cum per valetudinem posses, venire tamen noluisti,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 1: per me, per te, etc., as far as concerns me, you, etc.:

si per vos licet,

Plaut. As. prol. 12:

per me vel stertas licet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; cf.:

sin hoc non licet per Cratippum,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33:

fides publica per sese inviolata,

Sall. J. 33, 3:

per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10:

per me stetisse, quo minus hae fierent nuptiae,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 16:

si per suos esset licitum,

Nep. Eum. 10, 3:

inspicere vitia nec per magistros nec per aetatem licebat,

Macr. S. 1, 24. —Hence, in oaths, entreaties, asseverations, etc., by a god, by men, or by inanimate or abstract things, by:

IOVRANTO PER IOVEM, etc., Tab. Bant. lin. 15: per pol saepe peccas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 18; cf.:

si per plures deos juret,

Cic. Rab. Post. 13, 36:

quid est enim, per deos, optabilius sapientiā?

id. Off. 2, 2, 5:

per deos atque homines,

id. Div. 2, 55, 116:

per dexteram te istam oro,

id. Deiot. 3, 8; cf.:

per tuam fidem Te obtestor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55:

nunc te per amicitiam et per amorem obsecro,

id. ib. 2, 1, 26:

per pietatem!

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 4:

per comitatem edepol, pater, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 52.—In this signif. often separated from its object:

per ego vobis deos atque homines dies, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 1:

per ego te deos oro,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 6; 5, 1, 15:

per ego te, fili... precor quaesoque, etc.,

Liv. 23, 9, 2:

per ego has lacrimas... te Oro,

Verg. A. 4, 314; 12, 56; Tib. 4, 5, 7; Ov. F. 2, 841:

per vos Tyrrhena faventum Stagna deum, per ego et Trebiam cineresque Sagunti Obtestor,

Sil. 12, 79 sq.; 1, 658; Stat. Th. 11, 367.—With ellips. of object:

per, si qua est... Intemerata fides, oro, i. e. per eam,

Verg. A. 2, 142; 10, 903:

per, si quid merui de te bene, perque manentem amorem, Ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 854.—Sometimes to indicate an apparent or pretended cause or inducement, under the show or pretext of, under color of:

qui per tutelam aut societatem aut rem mandatam aut fiduciae rationem fraudavit quempiam,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 7:

naves triremes per causam exercendorum remigum ad fauces portus prodire jussit,

under pretext of, Caes. B. C. 3, 24;

v. causa: per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit,

Liv. 1, 41 fin.:

per simulationem officii,

Tac. H. 1, 74.—

In composition, it usually adds intensity to the signif., thoroughly, perfectly, completely, exceedingly, very much, very (very often in Cicero's epistolary style, and in new-formed words, as perbenevolus, percautus, percupidus, perbelle, perofficiose, pergaudeo; see these articles): pervelle, perfacilis, peramanter; sometimes it denotes the completion of an action, e. g. perorare, peragere;

sometimes it is repeated: perdifficilis et perobscura quaestio,

Cic. N. D. 1, 1, 1; so id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Brut. 43, 158; id. Cael. 20 fin.; id. Fam. 9, 20, 3 al.;

but also: perexiguā et minuta,

id. Tusc. 2, 13, 30:

percautus et diligens,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 18 al.; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. p. 410.—It frequently occurs in tmesi:

nobis ista sunt pergrata perque jucunda,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205:

per mihi mirum visum est,

id. ib. 49, 214:

per enim magni aestimo,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

ibi te quam primum per videre velim, = videre pervelim,

id. ib. 15, 4, 2:

Platoni per fuit familiaris,

Gell. 2, 18, 1:

per, inquit, magister optime, exoptatus mihi nunc venis,

id. 18, 4, 2.—Per quam (also perquam), very, exceedingly, extremely:

per quam breviter perstrinxi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

per quam modica civium merita,

Plin. Pan. 60:

per quam velim scire,

very much indeed, id. Ep. 7, 27, 1:

PARENTES PER QVAM INFELICISSIMI,

Inscr. Murat. 953, 2.—As one word:

illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

propulit perquam indignis modis,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 9:

erat perquam onerosum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 13:

perquam honorificum,

id. ib. 3, 4, 3.—Separated by an intervening word:

per pol quam paucos reperias,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 1.—Placed after the word it governs; v. supra, I. fin. and II. B.

stŭpor, ōris, m. [stupeo], numbness; dulness, insensibility, stupidity, stupor, stupefaction; astonishment, wonder, amazement (class.;

syn. torpor): stupor in corpore,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12:

sensūs stupor,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

stupor obstitit lacrimis,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 29; cf.: stupor omnium animos tenet. Liv. 9, 2:

oculos stupor urget inertes,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

stupor cordis,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

stupor debilitasque linguae,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

tantus te stupor oppressit, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 65; cf.:

cum stupor silentiumque ceteros patrum defixisset,

Liv. 6, 40:

stupor omnes et admiratio incessit, unde tam subitum bellum,

Just. 22, 6 fin.; 12, 7; Arn. 1, 28; Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 344. —

Esp., dulness, stupidity, stolidity:

quae mandata! quā adrogantiā! Quo stupore!

Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24:

stuporem hominis, vel dicam pecudis, attendite... Sit in verbis tuis hic stupor: quanto in rebus sententiisque major,

id. ib. 2, 12, 30:

Quis stupor hic, Menelae, fuit?

Ov. A. A. 2, 361. — Poet., for stupidus, a fool, simpleton:

talis iste meus stupor nil videt, nihil audit,

Cat. 17, 21; cf.:

tum demum ingemuit corvi deceptus stupor,

Phaedr. 1, 13, 12.

victĭma, ae, f. [perh. root vig- of vigeo; with superl. ending; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 509 sq.], a beast for sacrifice adorned with the fillet (vitta), a sacrifice, victim (cf. hostia).

Lit., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 93; Hor. C. 3, 23, 12; Verg. G. 2, 147; Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 16; Liv. 45, 7, 1; Ov. M. 7, 162; id. F. 1, 335; Juv. 12, 113; Luc. 1, 611; Sen. Herc. Fur. 923 al.—

Trop., a victim:

quam potestis P. Lentulo mactare victimam gratiorem quam si L. Flacci sanguine illius nefarium in nos omnes odium saturaveritis?

Cic. Fl. 38, 95: se victimam rei publicae praebere, id. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

victima deceptus decipientis ero,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 22:

me nuptiali victimam feriat die,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 348.