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81 desaparecidos
The name for people who in the 1970s, during the military dictatorships in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, were detained by the police, secret police and the armed forces in a campaign to restore "law and order". Thousands of detainees were murdered and never seen again. -
82 despacho de lotería y apuestas del estado
Or simply despacho de lotería, this is a store in Spain licensed to sell lottery tickets. Some people always buy their ticket from the same store as they think this might bring them good luck.Spanish-English dictionary > despacho de lotería y apuestas del estado
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83 don/doña
don/doñaThe words don, for men, and doña, for women, are courtesy titles used before someone's name, when they are being spoken or written to. They are used for someone who is senior professionally, in age or socially. Doña is usually used only for married or widowed women, except in official documents, when it refers to any woman.Don and doña always precede a person's first name. "¿Se va ya, don Juan? " When talking about a third person you can use don and doña before their first name, which is followed by their surname: " Don Juan Montesinos ". In correspondence, don and doña can be abbreviated to D. and Dn., or Dña. and DA, respectively, and can be preceded by the appropriate title señor or señora: "Sr. Dn. Juan Montesinos "; "Sra. Dña. Ana Castellón ". -
84 educación infantil
In Spain, a period of non-compulsory pre-school education. It provides care and teaching for children from birth to the age of six, when they begin formal education.Parents wishing their children to receive educación infantil take them to guarderías guardería (↑ guardería a1) catering for children up to six years of age, or to colegios colegio m A. (↑ colegio) that offer educación infantil to children from three to six years of age. Guarderías are not free and their cost varies according to whether they are privately or publicly funded. -
85 enchufe y enchufismo
In Spain, enchufe refers to the use of personal connections to obtain a job or favor. Enchufismo is the practice of giving out jobs and other benefits on the basis of enchufes. In Latin America the term palanca is used instead of enchufe, but there is no equivalent term to enchufismo. -
86 fiestas patrias
In Latin America, a period of one or more days on which each country celebrates its independence. There are usually military parades, firework displays, and folk activities typical of the country. -
87 gran reserva
Vinos de gran reserva are those of the highest quality, selected from a particularly good vintage. To qualify for this designation, red wines must have been aged in cask and bottle for a minimum of five years, and white wines for four years. See also reserva (↑ reserva a1) -
88 la Transición
In Spanish politics, the period between the death of the dictator Franco in 1975 and the adoption in 1978 of the new Constitution which guaranteed new democratic freedoms in a Spain divided administratively into seventeen comunidades autónomas comunidad autónoma (↑ comunidad a1). -
89 la radio española
Radio broadcasting in Spain began in the 1920s. The state-run Radio Nacional de España ( RNE) was established during the Civil War. There are many private radio stations and they compete fiercely. Radio personalities are paid huge salaries, out of which they employ the staff for their programs. See also Cadena SER (↑ cadena a1), COPE - Cadena de Ondas Populares Españolas (↑ COPE a1), Onda Cero (↑ onda a1). -
90 lenguas cooficiales
The regional languages of Spain, catalán (↑ catalán a1), euskera (↑ euskera a1), and gallego (↑ gallego a1), which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature. -
91 mañanitas
In Mexico, a short love song sung on someone's birthday, santo (↑ santo a1), or in honor of an important person. It is also a song that mariachis sing at dawn serenades mariachi (↑ mariachi a1). The music of the song is almost always the same, but the verses vary according to the subject matter.* * *
mañanitas sustantivo femenino plural ( en Méx) song often sung on birthdays
* * *mañanitas nfplMéx birthday song* * * -
92 murales y muralistas mexicanos
Mexico's muralist movement flourished between the two World Wars during a time of nationalist fervor. It was led by Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Their work reflected revolutionary themes and working-class struggle. They decorated many public buildings. -
93 onomástica, onomástico
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94 paga extra or paga extraordinaria
paga extra or paga extraordinariaIn Spain, a bonus payment equivalent to a month's salary, paid twice a year, at Christmas and in July before the summer vacation, on top of the normal monthly salary. These bonuses are written into most permanent employment contracts.Spanish-English dictionary > paga extra or paga extraordinaria
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95 periódicos de las principales capitales de Latinoamérica
BOGOTÁ: Has morning and evening newspapers representing the major political parties. All are government controlled. Dailies include El Tiempo (www.eltiempo.com), El Espectador (www.elespectador.com), and La República.BUENOS AIRES: Morning papers of long standing and of national importance are: La Prensa, La Nación (www.lanacion.com.ar), the country's oldest, The Buenos Aires Herald (www.buenosairesherald.com), The Standard, the oldest English-language newspaper, and Clarín (www.clarín.com), a morning daily. La Razón and La Crónica come out in the evening.CARACAS: has a wide press service. The most important dailies are El Nacional (www.el-nacional.terra.com.ve), El Universal (www.eud.com), Últimas Noticias, La Religión, and La Verdad (www.laverdad.com), all appearing in the afternoon, and the evening newspapers El Meridiano, El Mundo, El Globo, and Extra. There is also an English-language daily, The Daily Journal.HAVANA: Has three dailies. The best known is Granma (www.granma.cubaweb.cu), official newspaper of the Cuban Communist Party. Trabajadores is published by the Cuban trade union movement, and the more lively Juventud Rebelde is aimed at a younger readership.LIMA: has a dozen daily newspapers. El Comercio (www.elcomercioperu.com), founded in 1939, is Peru's oldest newspaper. Ojo, a morning newspaper, has the largest circulation. El Peruano (www.editoraperu.com) is the official state gazette, and Expreso is the leading opposition daily.MEXICO CITY: Has twenty dailies. The morning daily Excelsior (www.excelsior.com.mx), established in 1917, is often considered the nation's best and one of the most important newspapers of the Spanish-speaking world. La Jornada is another important daily, and there is an English-language daily, The News.MONTIVIDEO: The British, who occupied the city in 1807, published the first newspaper in the capital, The Southern Star. The city has had newspapers ever since, representing the views of all political parties and factions.SANTIAGO DE CHILE: There are almost a dozen newspapers. The most important dailies are El Mercurio (www.elmercurio.cl), founded in 1900, La Nación, and La Tercera (www.tercera.cl).Spanish-English dictionary > periódicos de las principales capitales de Latinoamérica
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96 picaresca y pícaro
A picaresque outlook on life, known in Latin America as viveza criolla, involves resorting to guile and trickery in order to get ahead or simply survive. In Spanish-speaking countries, this is often regarded as amusing or unavoidably necessary. This perspective results from the injustices often meted out by the rulers and law enforcers in these countries.In literature, a novela picaresca is one that recounts the adventures of a pícaro, an appealing rogue. The sixteenth-century Spanish novel Lazarillo de Tormes is the earliest example. -
97 polla-gol
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98 regiones
Before the formation of the present-day comunidades autónomas comunidad autónoma (↑ comunidad a1), Spain was divided into regiones. While they were broadly similar geographically, there was greater centralization of power. Unlike the new autonomous regions, they had no self-government.Another country divided into regions is Chile, which has twelve. -
99 ruta del bakalao
Bakalao or bacalao is a variety of Spanish techno music. The ruta del bakalao started in Madrid bakalao discos. It spread to the Madrid-Valencia road, along which numerous night clubs sprang up.The ruta would start on a Saturday evening and continue until well into Sunday, followed by a mass return to the capital. Despite associated dangerous driving, the police did not intervene until twelve young people died in car accidents on one weekend. -
100 vasco or vascuence
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