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1 βρότος
βρότος, ὁ, das aus einer Wunde eines Menschen geflossene, geronnene Blut, cruor; Hom. fünfmal, stets Thesis des vierten Versfußes, βρότον αἱματόεντα Versende Iliad. 7, 425. 14, 7. 18, 345. 23, 41, μέλανα βρότον mitten im Verse Odyss. 24, 189. Scholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 14, 7 βρότον: ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι οὐ πᾶν αἷμα βρότος, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀπὸ βροτοῦ πεφονευμένου. Iliad. 7, 425. 18, 345. 23, 41 Odyss. 24, 189 ist βρότος unzweifelhaft das Blut Todter; Iliad. 14, 7 kann das Blut aus der Wunde des noch lebenden Machaon gemeint sein; indessen ist es auch hier möglich, das Blut Anderer, von Machaon Getödteter zu verstehn, mit welchem Machaon besudelt war. Die Ableitung von ῥέω ist wohl entschieden falsch; das Wort βρότος hängt vielmehr offenbar mit βροτός, μόρος, mors zusammen; so daß es wenigstens ursprünglich und im eigentlichen Sinne nur das Blut Todter ist. Apollon. Lex. erklärt βρότος geradezu = φόνος, p. 50, 34. 52, 33. 53, 5. – Sp. Ep.
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2 κρύος
κρύος, τό, Eiskälte, Frost, Eis; Hes. O. 496; Plat. Ax. 368 c; Sp., wie Luc. Lexiph. 2; auch übertr., Schauder, κακόν με καρδίαν τι περι-πιτνεῖ κρύος Aesch. Spt. 816, vgl. Eum. 155. – Nach Schol. Ar. Nubb. später für Krystall. – Die Alten leiten es von κρούω ab; nach E. M. παρὰ τὴν κροῠσιν τῶν ὀδόντων τὴν γιγνομένην ἐν τῷ κρύει; vgl. aber cruor, grumus, wonach das Gerinnen die Hauptbdtg zu sein scheint.
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3 κρέας
κρέας, τό, [dialect] Dor. [full] κρῆς (q.v.), [dialect] Ep. [full] κρεῖας dub. cj. in Anan.5.3; [dialect] Att. gen.A ; Cret. ([place name] Vaxos): pl.κρέα IG12.84.26
, etc.; gen.κρεῶν Od.15.98
, Hdt.1.73, IG12.10.7, Ar.Ra. 191, etc.; [dialect] Ep.κρειῶν Il.11.551
, al., κρεάων [ᾰ] h.Merc. 130; dat.κρέασι Il.12.311
, κρέεσσι Orac. ap. Hdt.1.47, κρεάεσσι Epic.in Arch.Pap.7.4. [κρέᾰ Hom.
, E.Cyc. 126, Ar.V. 363, al., κρέ ) elided Od.3.65, 470, Ar.Th. 558,κρέᾱ Antiph.20
(s.v.l.).]:—flesh, meat, Od.8.477, etc.; ἄρνειον κ. piece of lamb, Pherecr.45, cf. Ar.Pl. 1137;ἐρίφειον Antiph.222.6
;τρία κρέα [ἢ] καὶ πλείω X.Cyr.2.2.2
;τέτταρα.. κρέα μικρά Antiph. 172.3
(anap.): pl., mostly in collect. sense, dressed meat, Od.3.65, etc.;κ. ἑφθά Hdt.3.23
; κ. ἀνάβραστα, ὠπτημένα, Ar.Ra. 553, Pl. 894;κ. ὀρνίθεια Id.Nu. 339
; ; ;δαῖτα παιδείων κρεῶν A.Ag. 1242
, 1593; κ. Ἀθηναίοις μερίζειν, νέμειν τῷ δήμῳ, IG22.334.15, 24.2 carcass: hence, body, person, τοῦδε τοῦ κρέως (i.e. ἐμοῦ) S.l.c. (satyric): in Com. addresses, like κάρα, ὦ δεξιώτατον κρέας Ar.Eq. 421, cf. 457: prov., ὁ λαγὼς τὸν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν [δρόμον] τρέχει 'to save one's bacon', Zen.4.85, cf. Plu.2.1087b; so , v. Sch. ( κρεϝας, cf. Skt. krauís 'raw meat', Lat. cruor.) -
4 κρύος
κρύος, τό, Eiskälte, Frost, Eis; auch übertr., Schauder; für Kristall; vgl. aber cruor, grumus, wonach das Gerinnen die Hauptbdtg zu sein scheint -
5 κρέας
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `meat, piece of meat'.Other forms: Gen. κρέως (sec. κρέατος; Attica 338a); Pl. nom. κρέᾰ (Il., innovation; very uncertain κρέατα Od.), gen. κρεῶν (IA.), also κρειῶν (Hom.; prob. for κρεέων), κρεάων (h. Merc. 130; Zumbach Neuerungen 3), dat. κρέασι (Il.), also κρέεσσι (Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 47), κρεάεσσι (late Ep.).Dialectal forms: Dor. κρῆςCompounds: As 1. member usually κρεο- (after the ο-stems), e.g. κρεο-κοπέω `cut meat' (A., E.), also κρεω- (after γεω-, λεω- a. o.) as v. l. and e.g. in κρεω-δαίτης `meat-distributor' (Phld.), κρε-άγρα `meat-pincer' (Ar.; elision, from κρεο-), κρεᾱ-νόμος, - έω, - ία `distributing meat' (E., Is., hell.; after ἀγορᾱ-νόμος; after this κρεᾱ-δοτέω, - σία), κρεη-φαγέω `eat meat' (Hp., analogical beside κρεο-φ.). Details on the inflexion Schwyzer 516, Sommer Μνήμης χάριν 2, 145 ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 209 f.; on the form of the 1. member Solmsen Unt. 23 n. 1. Rarely as 2. member: πάγ-κρεας `sweetbread, pancreas' (Arist., medic.), γλυκύ-κρεος `with sweet meat' (Sophr.) a. o.Derivatives: Diminut. κρεᾳδιον (IA.), κρεΐσκος (Alex. 189), κρεύλλιον (Theognost.); with κρεώδης `meaty' (Arist., Thphr.), κρεῖον `butcher' stall' (I 206; H. κρήϊον), after ἀγγεῖον a.o.; not with Specht KZ 62, 230 n. 2 and Ursprung 126 from *κρέϜι-ον with old i-stem; quite uncertain κρηστήριον (Attica IVa).Etymology: But for the accent κρέας can be identical with Skt. kravíṣ- n. `raw flesh'; basis * kreuh₂s- n. Wrong Benveniste Origines 31. Skt. krūr-á- `raw, bloody' \< * kruh₂-ro-. Beside it Skt. kravyám n. `raw flesh' = OPr. krawian n., Lith. kraũjas m. `blood' (all *kreuh₂-i̯-); with diff. ablaut e.g. OCS krъvь f. `blood' (* kruh-i-). - More forms Pok. 621f., W.-Hofmann s. cruor, crūdus, cruentus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kraũjas, Vasmer Russ. et.Wb. s. krovь.See also: S. auch κρύος.Page in Frisk: 2,11-12Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρέας
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6 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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