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61 zachow|ać
pf — zachow|ywać impf Ⅰ vt 1. (przetrzymać) to keep, to retain [list, kwit, akcje, zdjęcie]- proszę zachować bilet do kontroli please retain tickets for inspection2. (utrzymać) to keep, to retain [młodość, pamięć, urodę]- zachować niezależność to remain independent- zachować przytomność umysłu to keep a level head- właściwie przechowywane warzywa długo zachowują świeżość vegetables stored in the right conditions retain their freshness for a long time- cytuję list z zachowaniem oryginalnej pisowni I quote, retaining the original spelling3. (przechować) to preserve [zwyczaj, tradycję, wiarę]- zachować wspomnienie kogoś/czegoś to retain a memory of sb/sth4. (przyjąć określoną postawę) zachować ostrożność to exercise caution- zachować powagę to keep one’s countenence- zachować umiar w jedzeniu/piciu/zabawie to eat/drink/play in moderation- darczyńca pragnie zachować anonimowość the donor wants to remain anonymous- proszę o zachowanie ciszy please remain quiet5. (nie wyjawić) to keep [tajemnicę]- zachować dyskrecję to maintain secrecy- zachować milczenie w jakiejś sprawie to remain silent about sth- tę wiadomość lepiej zachowaj dla siebie you’d better keep this piece of information to yourself6. (podporządkować się) to observe [post, dietę]- zachować dyscyplinę to maintain a. keep discipline7. Komput. (zapamiętać) to save [dane, dokument] Ⅱ zachować się — zachowywać się 1. (przetrwać w niezmienionej postaci) [dzieło, pamiątka] to be preserved, to survive- niewiele historycznych budynków zachowało się w naszym mieście not many historical buildings have survived in our town2. (przetrwać w pamięci) [legenda, obyczaj] to survive 3. (postąpić) to behave- zachowywać się spokojnie/swobodnie/skandalicznie to behave calmly/without restraint/scandalously- zachowywać się jak dziecko/idiota/cham to behave a. act like a child/an idiot/a boor- zachowywać się po dziecinnemu/chamsku to behave a. act childishly/boorishly- zachowywać się z godnością to behave with dignity- zachować się bez zarzutu to behave irreproachably- zachować się jak przystało na bohatera/mężczyznę to behave as befits a hero/man- zachować się jak trzeba to rise to the occasion- on nie umie zachować się w towarzystwie he doesn’t know how to behave in companyThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > zachow|ać
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62 lack
I [læk] n1) отсутствие, неимение, однообразие, монотонностьHe is getting fat for lack of exercise. — Он полнеет, так как мало двигается.
All is due to his lack of consideration for the feelings of others. — Все это объясняется тем, что он не считается с чувствами других людей.
- complete lack of understanding- utter lack of sense of proportion
- lack of variety
- lack of order
- lack of resourcefulness
- for lack of a better term
- for lack of information
- show a singular lack of self-restraint2) недостаток, нехваткаII [læk] vThe plant died for lack of water. — Растение погибло из-за недостатка воды
1) нехватать (чего-либо), недоставать (чего-либо)We lack time to finish the job. — Нам не хватает времени, чтобы закончить работу.
He lacks experience. — Ему не хватает опыта.
- smb lacks experienceHe is lascking courage and willpower. — Ему не хватает мужества и силы.
- smb lacks courage and will-power2) нуждаться, не иметь, испытывать недостатокHe lacks all sense of direction. — Он плохо ориентируется на местности. /Он совсем не ориентируется на местности.
He lacks a sense of humour. — Он лишен чувства юмора.
- plan lacks originalityHe lacks a sense of proportion. — Он лишен чувства меры.
•CHOICE OF WORDS:(1.) Русским "не хватать, не иметь в достаточном количестве" соответствуют в английском языке глагол to lack ( smth), существительное lack (of smth) и сочетание с прилагательными lacking и short: to be lacking (in smth), to be short (of smth). (2.) Глагол to lack ( smth), как правило, не употребляется в формах Continuous. Выражения to lack smth, lack of smth и lacking in smth чаще употребляются с названиями свойств, качеств и другими существительными абстрактного характера: to lack confidence (interest experience, knowledge, courage, tact) не иметь достаточной уверенности (достаточного интереса, опыта, знания, мужества, такта); the child lacks confidence and needs constant encouraging ребенку не хватает уверенности в себе и его все время надо подбадривать; these buildings are lacking in style в этих зданиях не выдержан стиль; she showed a complete lack of interest она не проявила никакого интереса (проявила полное отсутствие интереса); the plant died for/through lack of sun and water растение погибло из-за недостатка воды и солнца. Словосочетания с глаголом to lack, существительным lack и прилагательным lacking эмоционально и оценочно нейтральны и указывают только на сам факт отсутствия или недостаточного количества чего-либо. В отличие от них, словосочетание to be short of smth имеет отрицательно оценочный компонент и подчеркивает недостаточность чего-либо для достижения желаемого или необходимого результата. (3.) Оборот to be short of smth носит более разговорный характер: we are rather short of money at present у нас сейчас туго с деньгами; I am short of time у меня сейчас крайне мало времени. (4.) Выражение to go short of smth подчеркивает временное состояние, период времени, в течение которого испытывается недостаток чего-либо: the expedition was well equipped and never went short of either fuel or food экспедиция была хорошо обеспечена и не испытывала недостатка ни в топливе, ни в продуктах питания. Оборот to run short of smth указывает на приближение времени, когда что-либо подойдет к концу: we are running short of supplies, we'd better get some more у нас запасы на исходе/подходят к концу -
63 confinement
1. n тюремное заключение; заточение в тюрьмуto keep in confinement — содержать под стражей, в заключении
2. n уединение3. n ограничение4. n разг. роды5. n с. -х. стойловое содержание6. n физ. конфайнмент, удержание от разлетанияСинонимический ряд:1. childbed (noun) accouchement; child birth; childbed; delivery; lying-in; parturition2. detainment (noun) being grounded; bonds; control; detainment; detention; immurement; incarceration3. restriction (noun) circumscription; constrainment; constraint; cramp; limitation; restraint; restriction -
64 control
A n1 ¢ ( domination) (of animals, children, crowd, country, organization, party, situation) contrôle m (of de) ; (of investigation, operation, project) direction f (of de) ; ( of others' behaviour) influence f (over sur) ; (of life, fate) maîtrise f (of, over de) ; (of disease, pests, social problem) lutte f (of contre) ; state control contrôle m de l'État ; to be in control of contrôler [territory, town] ; diriger [operation, organization, project] ; maîtriser [problem] ; to have control over contrôler [territory, town] ; avoir du pouvoir sur [animals, crowd, children, others' behaviour] ; maîtriser [fate, life] ; to take control of prendre le contrôle de [territory, town] ; prendre la direction de [operation, organization, project] ; prendre [qch] en main [situation] ; to be under sb's control, to be under the control of sb [person] être sous la direction de qn ; [army, government, organization, party] être sous le contrôle de qn ; to be under control [fire, problem, riot, situation] être maîtrisé ; is the situation under control? est-ce que nous maîtrisons la situation? ; everything's under control tout va bien ; to bring ou get ou keep [sth] under control maîtriser [animals, crowd, fire, problem, riot] ; discipliner [hair] ; to be out of control [animals, children, crowd, riot] être déchaîné ; [fire] ne plus être maîtrisable ; the situation is out of control la situation est devenue incontrôlable ; to let sth get out of control, to lose control of sth perdre le contrôle de qch ; to be beyond ou outside sb's control [animal, child] échapper au contrôle de qn ; the situation is beyond control la situation échappe à tout contrôle ; due to circumstances beyond our control pour des raisons indépendantes de notre volonté ;2 ¢ ( restraint) (of self, appetite, bodily function, emotion, urge) maîtrise f ; to have ou exercise control over sth maîtriser qch ; to keep control of oneself, to be in control of oneself se maîtriser ; to lose control (of oneself) perdre le contrôle (de soi) ;3 ¢ ( physical mastery) (of vehicle, machine, ball) contrôle m ; (of body, process, system) maîtrise f ; to be in control of avoir le contrôle de ; to keep/lose control of a car garder/perdre le contrôle d'une voiture ; to take control ( of car) prendre le volant ; ( of plane) prendre les commandes ; his car went out of control il a perdu le contrôle de son véhicule ;4 (lever, switch etc) ( souvent pl) (on vehicle, equipment) commande f ; ( on TV) bouton m de réglage ; brightness/volume control TV bouton m de réglage de luminosité/du son ; to be at the controls être aux commandes ;5 Admin, Econ ( regulation) contrôle m (on de) ; cost/immigration control contrôle m des coûts/de l'immigration ;1 ( dominate) dominer [council, government, market, organization, situation] ; contrôler [territory, town] ; diriger [air traffic, investigation, operation, project] ; régler [road traffic] ; s'emparer de [mind] ; Fin [shareholder] être majoritaire dans [company] ;2 ( discipline) maîtriser [person, animal, crowd, urge, bodily function, temper, voice, pain, inflation, unemployment, riot, fire, pests] ; endiguer [disease, epidemic] ; dominer [emotion, nerves, impulse] ; retenir [laughter, tears] ; commander à [limbs] ; discipliner [hair] ;3 ( operate) commander [machine, equipment, lever, cursor, movement, process, system] ; manœuvrer [boat, vehicle] ; piloter [plane] ; contrôler [ball] ;4 ( regulate) régler [speed, pressure, intensity, volume, temperature] ; réglementer [trade, import, export] ; contrôler [immigration, prices, wages] ; régulariser [blood pressure] ;6 Sci comparer [experimental material] (against à). -
65 check
check [tʃek]contrôler ⇒ 1 (a) vérifier ⇒ 1 (a), 2 (a) enrayer ⇒ 1 (b) mettre au vestiaire/à la consigne ⇒ 1 (c) cocher ⇒ 1 (d) correspondre ⇒ 2 (b) contrôle ⇒ 3 (a) enquête ⇒ 3 (b) frein ⇒ 3 (c) échec ⇒ 3 (d) addition ⇒ 3 (e) carreau ⇒ 3 (f) coche ⇒ 3 (g) chèque ⇒ 3 (h)∎ she didn't check her facts before writing the article elle n'a pas vérifié les faits avant d'écrire son article;∎ the figures have to be checked il faut vérifier les chiffres;∎ the doctor checked my blood pressure le médecin a pris ma tension;∎ the inspector checked our tickets le contrôleur a contrôlé nos billets;∎ check these names against the ones on the list vérifie que ces noms sont les mêmes que ceux de la liste(b) (contain, limit → recession, inflation) enrayer; (→ emotions, troops) contenir; (→ urge) réprimer;∎ to check oneself se retenir∎ I'll have to check with the accountant je vais devoir vérifier auprès du comptable;∎ they usually have vacancies, but it's a good idea to check d'ordinaire, ils ont de la place, mais il vaut mieux s'en assurer ou vérifier(b) (correspond) correspondre, s'accorder;∎ his description of the killer checked with forensic evidence sa description du tueur s'accordait avec l'expertise médico-légale(c) (pause, halt) s'arrêter3 noun(a) (examination, inspection) contrôle m, vérification f;∎ the airline ordered checks on all their 747s la compagnie aérienne a ordonné que des contrôles soient faits sur tous ses 747;∎ a routine check une vérification de routine(b) (inquiry, investigation) enquête f;∎ to do or to run a check on sb se renseigner sur qn;∎ to keep a check on sb observer qn(c) (restraint) frein m;∎ the House of Lords acts as a check upon the House of Commons la Chambre des lords met un frein au pouvoir de la Chambre des communes;∎ Politics (a system of) checks and balances (un système d') équilibre m des pouvoirs;∎ he kept or held his anger in check il a contenu ou maîtrisé sa colère;∎ we could no longer hold or keep the enemy in check nous ne pouvions plus contenir l'ennemi∎ in check en échec;∎ check! échec au roi!∎ a skirt in black and white check une jupe à carreaux noirs et blancs∎ put a check next to all the verbs cochez tous les verbes(pattern, skirt) à carreaux►► Computing check bit bit m de contrôle;Computing check box case f de pointage, case f d'option;Computing check byte octet m de contrôle;Computing check digit chiffre m de contrôle ou de vérification, clé f;Marketing check question question f de contrôle, question f filtre;Marketing check sample échantillon m témoin➲ check in(a) (at airport) se présenter à l'enregistrement(b) (at hotel) se présenter à la réception∎ it's a little late, I'd better check in with my parents il se fait tard, il faudrait que je passe un coup de fil à mes parents(a) (at airport → baggage) enregistrer(b) (at hotel) inscrire sur le registre∎ to check in a book at the library rapporter un livre à la bibliothèque∎ to check into a hotel descendre dans un hôtel(names, numbers on list etc) cocher∎ the doctor checked on two patients before leaving le médecin est allé voir deux patients avant de partir;∎ would you mind checking on the baby? tu peux aller voir si le bébé va bien?(b) (investigate → person) enquêter sur, se renseigner sur; (→ information, machine, place) vérifier∎ why don't we check out the restaurant that John told us about? pourquoi ne pas essayer le restaurant dont John nous a parlé?∎ to check sb/sth out mater qn/qch;examiner, vérifier(a) (examine → baggage etc) contrôler, examiner∎ I'd like my luggage checked through to Los Angeles je voudrais faire envoyer directement mes bagages à Los Angeles∎ to check up on sb enquêter ou se renseigner sur qn;∎ if you trusted me you wouldn't check up on me all the time si tu me faisais confiance tu ne serais pas toujours en train de m'espionner;∎ to check up on sth vérifier qch;∎ the social worker checked up on reports of child abuse l'assistante sociale a enquêté sur les allégations de mauvais traitements à enfantⓘ CHECKS AND BALANCES Ce système de contrôle mutuel, garanti par la Constitution, est l'un des principes fondamentaux du gouvernement américain. Il a été élaboré afin que les pouvoirs législatif, exécutif et judiciaire n'accumulent pas trop d'influence les uns par rapport aux autres. -
66 curb
curb [kɜ:b]1 noun(a) (restraint) frein m;∎ a curb on trade une restriction au commerce;∎ to put a curb on sb's enthusiasm mettre un frein à l'enthousiasme de qn;∎ she put a curb on her anger elle a refréné sa colère(a) (restrain → emotion) refréner, maîtriser; (→ expenses) restreindre, mettre un frein à; (→ child) modérer, freiner;∎ curb your tongue! mesure tes paroles!∎ curb your dog (sign) votre chien doit faire ses besoins dans le caniveau►► curb bit (on harness) mors m;curb chain gourmette f;curb reins rênes fpl de filet;Architecture curb roof comble m brisé;American curb service service m au volant (dans un restaurant drive-in) -
67 רצועה
רְצוּעָה.f. (רָצַע) 1) ( flattened, cmp. רָצַם, ( leather) thong, strap, lash. Sabb.V, 4 בר׳ שבין קרניה with the strap between her horns. Men.35b ר׳ דתפלין the thong of the Tfillin. Num. R. s. 16 לתינוק שסרח ולקה בר׳ … מזכירין לו הר׳וכ׳ like a child that did some mischief and was punished with a strap, and when they want to frighten it, they mention the strap with which it was punished; כך היה עמלקר׳ רעהוכ׳ so was Amalek the bad lash for Israel; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 18 מעולם רְצוּעַת מרדותוכ׳ (not רצועה) Amalek was at all times the strap of chastisement for Israel. Macc.III, 12 (22b) ור׳ בידו שלוכ׳ and he (the beadle) held in his hand a lash of calf-skin, which was twisted doubly, and two (thinner) straps were going up and down (were plaited) through it (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7). Y.Sot.IX, 24b top בעל הר׳ the strap-bearer, v. רַצְעָן. Yoma 12a, a. e. ור׳ היתה יוצאה מחלקווכ׳ a strip of land went forth from Judahs lot and entered into Benjamins territory, and on this the Temple was built; a. fr.Pl. רְצוּעוֹת. Macc. l. c. ושתיר׳ (not ישני), v. supra. Midr. Till. to Ps. 77 עשרר׳ אתה לוקה thou art to receive ten lashes. Sabb.VI, 1; a. fr. 2) (trnsf.) restriction; היתרה הר׳ (the strap is untied, the restriction is removed. Koh. R. to XI, 9 (ref. to שמח יכ׳, ib.) הותרה הר׳ לית דיןוכ׳ is every restraint removed? is there no justice and no judge?; ib. to I, 3; Lev. R. s. 28, beg.; a. e.Y.Bicc.I, 64a; Y.Kidd.IV, 66b top הואיל והותרה הר׳ יכ׳ since the restriction has been removed (by usage), I am likewise permitted to marry her. Y.Sot.VII, end, 22a; a. e. -
68 רְצוּעָה.
רְצוּעָה.f. (רָצַע) 1) ( flattened, cmp. רָצַם, ( leather) thong, strap, lash. Sabb.V, 4 בר׳ שבין קרניה with the strap between her horns. Men.35b ר׳ דתפלין the thong of the Tfillin. Num. R. s. 16 לתינוק שסרח ולקה בר׳ … מזכירין לו הר׳וכ׳ like a child that did some mischief and was punished with a strap, and when they want to frighten it, they mention the strap with which it was punished; כך היה עמלקר׳ רעהוכ׳ so was Amalek the bad lash for Israel; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 18 מעולם רְצוּעַת מרדותוכ׳ (not רצועה) Amalek was at all times the strap of chastisement for Israel. Macc.III, 12 (22b) ור׳ בידו שלוכ׳ and he (the beadle) held in his hand a lash of calf-skin, which was twisted doubly, and two (thinner) straps were going up and down (were plaited) through it (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7). Y.Sot.IX, 24b top בעל הר׳ the strap-bearer, v. רַצְעָן. Yoma 12a, a. e. ור׳ היתה יוצאה מחלקווכ׳ a strip of land went forth from Judahs lot and entered into Benjamins territory, and on this the Temple was built; a. fr.Pl. רְצוּעוֹת. Macc. l. c. ושתיר׳ (not ישני), v. supra. Midr. Till. to Ps. 77 עשרר׳ אתה לוקה thou art to receive ten lashes. Sabb.VI, 1; a. fr. 2) (trnsf.) restriction; היתרה הר׳ (the strap is untied, the restriction is removed. Koh. R. to XI, 9 (ref. to שמח יכ׳, ib.) הותרה הר׳ לית דיןוכ׳ is every restraint removed? is there no justice and no judge?; ib. to I, 3; Lev. R. s. 28, beg.; a. e.Y.Bicc.I, 64a; Y.Kidd.IV, 66b top הואיל והותרה הר׳ יכ׳ since the restriction has been removed (by usage), I am likewise permitted to marry her. Y.Sot.VII, end, 22a; a. e.
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