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1 ruīna
ruīna ae, f [RV-], a rushing down, tumbling, falling down, fall: iumentorum, L.: primique ruinam Dant sonitu ingenti, fall upon each other, V.: graves aulaea ruinas In patinam fecere, fell down, H.—Of buildings, a tumbling, falling down, downfall, ruin (only sing.): repentinā ruinā pars eius turris concidit, Cs.: ferunt eā ruinā ipsum cum cognatis suis oppressum interiisse: iam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam domus, i. e. fell in, V. —Fig., a downfall, fall, ruin, catastrophe, calamity, disaster, overthrow, destruction: vis illa fuit et ruina quaedam, a catastrophe: incendium meum ruinā restinguam, with the fall (of the State), S.: patriae, L.: strage ac ruinā fudere Gallos, utter defeat, L.: ille dies utramque Ducet ruinam, i. e. death, H.: ruinae fortunarum tuarum: pectora Quantis fatigaret ruinis, H.: ruinas videres: caeli, i. e. a storm, V.— Plur, a fallen building, ruin, ruins: veteres tantummodo Troia ruinas ostendit, O.: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, L.: fumantes Thebarum, L.: Si fractus inlabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinae, H.— A cause of ruin, destroyer: rei p.: publicanorum.* * *fall; catastrophe; collapse, destruction -
2 ruina
I.In abstracto.A.Lit.1.In gen. (rare). grandinis, Lucr. 6, 156:2.aquarum,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1 med.:nostra (sc. nucum),
Mart. 13, 25, 2:jumentorum sarcinarumque,
Liv. 44, 5: Capanei, a fall by lightning (v. Capaneus), Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 40:(apri saevi) Permixtas dabant equitum peditumque ruinas,
Lucr. 5, 1329: Tyrrhenus et Aconteus Conixi incurrunt hastis, primique ruinam Dant sonitu ingenti, rush or fall upon each other, Verg. A. 11, 613:interea suspensa graves aulaea ruinas In patinam fecere,
fell down, Hor. S. 2, 8, 54.—In partic., of buildings, a tumbling or falling down, downfall, ruin (class.; in good prose only in sing.):B.repentinā ruinā pars ejus turris concidit... tum hostes, turris repentinā ruinā commoti, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 11 fin. and 12 init.; cf.: ferunt conclave illud, ubi epularetur Scopas, concidisse: eā ruinā ipsum oppressum cum suis interiisse, Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353; id. Div. 2, 8, 20; Tac. A. 2, 47:aedificiorum,
Suet. Oth. 8:amphitheatri,
id. Tib. 40:camerae,
id. Ner. 34:spectaculorum,
id. Calig. 31:pontis,
id. Aug. 20:tecta Penthei Disjecta non leni ruinā,
Hor. C. 2, 19, 15:jam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam, Vulcano superante, domus,
i. e. fell in, Verg. A. 2, 310; so,trahere ruinam,
id. ib. 2, 465; 9, 712; cf. B. a, infra:effulsisse inter ruinam ignes,
Tac. A. 2, 47:ruinam urbis et incendia recordantes,
Just. 5, 7, 10:morbus, captivitas, ruina, ignis,
Sen. Tranq. 11, 6:multos occidere incendii ac ruinae potentia est,
id. Clem. 1, 26, 5.—In plur.:tantae in te impendent ruinae, nisi suffulcis firmiter,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77; so Vell. 2, 35, 4 (with incendia); Suet. Vesp. 8; Lucr. 2, 1145:si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinae,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 8:dum Capitolio dementes ruinas parabat,
id. ib. 1, 37, 7.—Trop., a downfall, fall, ruin; accident, catastrophe, disaster, overthrow, destruction, etc. (freq. and class.; used equally in sing. and plur.; cf.: exitium, pernicies).(α).Sing.:(β).vis illa fuit et, ut saepe jam dixi, ruina quaedam atque tempestas,
a catastrophe, Cic. Clu. 35, 96: incendium meum ruinā restinguam, with the overthrow, fall (of the State), Catilina ap. Sall. C. 31, 9, and ap. Cic. Mur. 25, 51:ut communi ruinā patriae opprimerentur,
Liv. 45, 26; Vell. 2, 91, 4; 2, 85, 1; 2, 124, 1:in hac ruinā rerum stetit una integra atque immobilis virtus populi Romani,
Liv. 26, 41:rerum nostrarum,
id. 5, 51:urbis,
id. 25, 4:ex loco superiore impetu facto, strage ac ruinā fudere Gallos,
utter defeat, id. 5, 43; cf.:ruinae similem stragem eques dedit,
id. 4, 33:Cannensis,
id. 23, 25; 42, 66 fin.; 4, 46;5, 47: ruina soceri in exsilium pulsus,
Tac. H. 4, 6; cf. id. G. 36:pereat sceleratus, regnique trahat patriaeque ruinam,
Ov. M. 8, 497:aliae gentes belli sequuntur ruinam,
Flor. 2, 12, 1:ille dies utramque Ducet ruinam,
i. e. death, Hor. C. 2, 17, 9:Neronis principis,
Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 245.—Plur.:II.praetermitto ruinas fortunarum tuarum, quas omnes impendere tibi proximis Idibus senties,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14:in ruinis aversae, atque afflictae rei publicae,
id. Sest. 2, 5:devota morti pectora liberae Quantis fatigaret ruinis,
Hor. C. 4, 14, 19; cf.:nox auget ruinas,
Val. Fl. 3, 207:principiis in rerum fecere ruinas et graviter magni magno cecidere ibi casu,
i. e. false steps, errors, mistakes, Lucr. 1, 740:(Academia) si invaserit in haec, miseras edet ruinas,
Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:ruinas videres,
id. Fin. 5, 28, 83.—In concreto.1. A.In gen. ( poet.):B.disjectam Aenaeae toto videt aequore classem Fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruinā,
i. e. a storm, rain, Verg. A. 1, 129; so,caeli (with insani imbres),
Sil. 1, 251:poli,
i. e. thunder, Val. Fl. 8, 334.—In partic. (acc. to I. A. 2.), a building that has tumbled down, a ruin, ruins (mostly in plur., and not in Cic. prose):2.nunc humilis veteres tantummodo Troja ruinas ostendit,
Ov. M. 15, 424:Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident,
Liv. 21, 10, 10:(urbs) deserta ac strata prope omnis ruinis,
id. 33, 38, 10:fumantes Thebarum ruinae,
id. 9, 18, 7:ruinis templorum templa aedificare,
id. 42, 3:in tugurio ruinarum Carthaginiensium,
Vell. 2, 19 fin. —In sing.:alius par labor... flumina ad lavandam hanc ruinam jugis montium ducere,
Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 74:EX RVINA TEMPLI MARTIS,
Inscr. Orell. 2448 (A.D. 256).—Transf., of persons who cause ruin, a destroyer:rei publicae,
Cic. Sest. 51, 109:ruinae publicanorum,
id. Prov. Cons. 6, 13. -
3 exitus
exitus ūs, m [ex + 1 I-], a going out, going forth, egress, departure: omni exitu interclusi, Cs.: hominum exitūs adservare, Cs.: ne exitus inclusis ab urbe esset, L.— A way of egress, outlet, passage: angustus portarum, Cs.: de multis nullus, Iu.: insula exitūs maritimos habet: septem e domo, L.—Fig., a way out, end, close, conclusion, termination: orationis: adducta ex exitum quaestio est: magnarum initia rerum facilem exitum habuerunt, Cs.: casūs habent in exitu similīs (verba): Hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum, H.: in exitu iam annus erat, L.: oppugnationis, Cs.: fabulae, catastrophe: vitae, N.: tristīs exitūs habuit consulatus: causae, quae plurimos exitūs dant ad eius modi degressionem, i. e. opportunities. —End of life, end, death: Caesaris: hic exitus illum tulit, etc., V.: saevus, Iu.: bonos exitūs habere.— A means, method, way, device, solution: exitus ab utroque datur regi: defensionis.— An issue, result, event: incertus belli: huius diei: de exitu rerum sentire, Cs.: futuri temporis, H.: spei, accomplishment, L.: sine exitu esse, without result, L.: ingens, V.: meliores habere exitūs: (fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitūs, H. — Prov.: Exitus acta probat, the event justifies the deed, O.* * *exit, departure; end, solution; death; outlet, mouth (of river) -
4 catastropha
sensational act, coup de theatre; turning point of an action/catastrophe (L+S) -
5 catastropha
cătastrŏpha, ae, f., = katastrophê (rare; cf.casus),
the turning - point of an action, catastrophe, Petr. 54, 3. -
6 exitus
1.exĭtus, a, um, Part., from exeo, II.2. I.Lit.:B.reditum mihi gloriosum injuria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosum,
Cic. Par. 4, 29:omni exitu et pabulatione interclusi,
Caes. B. G. 7, 44 fin.:exitum sibi parere,
id. B. C. 3, 69, 3.—In plur.:singulorum hominum occultos exitus asservare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 4; 1, 25, 4. —Of things:introitusque elementis redditus exstat,
Lucr. 6, 494:exitus ut classi felix faustusque daretur,
a setting sail, departure, id. 1, 100:amnis,
a flowing out, discharge, id. 6, 727: animaï (i. e. venti), a bursting or rushing out, id. 6, 586; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 7.—Transf., concr., way of egress, outlet, passage:II.exitum non habent, ac pervium non est,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 Müll.:cum angusto portarum exitu se ipsi premerent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 3:in exitu paludis,
mouth, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226:cibi,
vent, id. 11, 34, 40, § 116 et saep.:si de multis nullus placet exitus,
Juv. 6, 33.—In plur.:insula undique exitus maritimos habet,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:septem exitus e domo fecerat,
Liv. 39, 51, 5; Col. 6, 30, 8:alvorum,
Plin. 21, 14, 48, § 82 et saep.Trop.A. 1.In gen.:2.hujus orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire,
end, close, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; cf.: quemadmodum expediam exitum hujus institutae orationis, non reperio, id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:exitus fuit orationis,
Caes. B. G. 4, 8, 1:ut tragici poëtae, cum explicare argumenti exitum non potestis, confugitis ad deum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:adducta ad exitum quaestio est,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; cf.:ad exitum pervenire,
id. Fam. 10, 22, 2; id. Or. 33, 116:ita magnarum initia rerum celerem et facilem exitum habuerunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:verba quae casus habent in exitu similes,
at the end, Cic. Or. 49, 164; cf.in the foll.: fugam quaerebamus omnes, quae ipsa exitum non habebat,
end, aim, id. Phil. 5, 16, 42:hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 6 et saep.:in exitu est meus consulatus,
Cic. Mur. 37, 80; cf.: in exitu jam annus erat Liv. 35, 10, 1:superioris anni,
id. 30, 26, 2:veris,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 170:oppugnationis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 8:mimi, fabulae,
the catastrophe, conclusion, Cic. Cael. 27, 65:vitae,
end of life, latter end, Nep. Eum. 13; cf.:vitae mortisque,
Vell. 2, 7, 1.—In plur.:tristes exitus habuit consulatus,
Cic. Brut. 34, 128: eae causae sunt plenissimae, quae plurimos exitus dant ad ejusmodi degressionem, outlets, i. e. opportunities, id. de Or. 2, 77, 312: habent exitus aut in a aut in e, etc., Varr. L. L. 10, § 62 Müll.—In partic., end of life, end, death:3.natura ad humanum exitum (Romulum) abripuit,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16 fin.:duravere usque ad Sejani exitum,
Plin. 8, 58, 74, § 197; Amm. 14, 11:exitus in dubio est,
Ov. M. 12, 522:Thrasymachi,
Juv. 7, 204:saevus et illum exitus eripuit,
id. 10, 127; 271.—In plur.:nonnumquam bonos exitus habent boni,
Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:non igitur fatales exitus habuerunt,
id. Div. 2, 9, 24.—A means, method, way, device, solution of a difficulty:B.cum autem exitus ab utroque datur conturbato errantique regi,
Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 63:non solum viam quaestus invenerunt, verum etiam exitum ac rationem defensionis,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:jam nullum fortunis communibus exitum reperietis,
id. Dom. 47, 123.—Issue, result, event, i. q. eventus:si mihi alterutrum de eventu atque exitu rerum promittendum est,
Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5:in unum exitum spectare,
id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:videtur ad exitum venisse quaestio,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 1, 3:neque exitum legis esse in meretrice publicanda,
i. e. the law would be without proper effect, id. Inv. 2, 40, 118, v. the context:de exitu rerum sentire,
Caes. B. G. 7, 52 fin.:incerto etiam nunc exitu victoriae,
id. ib. 7, 62, 6:de exitu fortunarum suarum consultabant,
id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 3; and:prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit deus,
events, Hor. C. 3, 29, 29: ut quae rei publicae polliceremur, exitu praestaremus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3:exitum rei imponere,
Liv. 37, 19, 1:quaestiones ad exitum perductae,
id. 40, 19, 10:ad exitum spei pervenire,
accomplishment, id. 5, 12, 4; so,serae exitum spei exspectare,
id. 5, 6, 2:sine exitu esse,
without result, id. 32, 40, 3.—In plur.:fortasse haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 6:quae (responsa haruspicum) aut nullos habuerint exitus aut contrarios,
id. Div. 2, 24, 52:Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 34; cf.:(fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitus,
id. ib. 4, 14, 38.—Prov.:exitus acta probat,
the event justifies the deed, Ov. H. 2, 85. -
7 scelus
scĕlus, ĕris, n. [Sanscr. root skhal, to fall, akin to khal-, to deceive; cf. Goth. skal, to owe], an evil deed; a wicked, heinous, or impious action; a crime, sin, enormity, wickedness (the strongest general term for a morally bad act or quality; very freq. both in sing. and plur.; cf. nefas).I.Lit.1.Absol.:2.facinus est vincire civem Romanum, scelus verberare, prope parricidium necare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; cf. so (opp. to flagitia and delicta) Tac. G. 12:majus in sese scelus concipere nefariis sceleribus coöpertus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:detestabile scelus,
id. Lael. 8, 27:scelus atque perfidia,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so (with perfidia) id. Phil. 11, 2, 5; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; 3, 13, 2; Sall. J. 107, 2; Liv. 40, 39 al.; cf. (with audacia) Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; (with furor) id. ib. 2, 5, 62, § 161; (with avaritia) id. ib. 2, 5, 9, § 24; id. Clu. 8, 23:documentum Persarum sceleris,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 15:ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia... hinc pietas, illinc scelus,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:scelus est igitur, nocere bestiae, quod scelus qui velit, etc.,
id. Rep. 3, 11, 19:quid mali aut sceleris fingi aut excogitari potest, quod, etc.,
id. Cat. 2, 4, 7:nefario scelere concepto,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 72:concipere in se,
id. ib. 2, 1, 4, §9 (v. supra): tantum sceleris admittere,
id. Att. 9, 10, 3:scelus nefarium facere,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 221; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:perficere,
id. Clu. 68, 194:scelus an-helare,
id. Cat. 2, 1, 1:moliri,
id. Att. 7, 11, 1:edere,
id. Phil. 13, 9, 21; cf.:edere in aliquem,
id. Sest. 27, 58:suscipere,
id. Phil. 11, 1, 2:scelere se alligare,
id. Fl. 17, 41:scelere astringi,
id. Sest. 50, 108:scelere obstringi,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71:obrui,
Liv. 3, 19 et saep.—With gen. obj.:II.scelus legatorum contra jus gentium interfectorum,
the crime of murdering their deputies, Liv. 4, 32.—Prov.:vulgo dicitur: Scelera non habere consilium,
Quint. 7, 2, 44.—Transf.A.Of animals or inanimate things (post-Aug.; perh. only in Plin.), a bad quality, vicious nature, a vice, fault: nec bestiarum solum ad nocendum scelera [p. 1641] sunt, sed interim aquarum quoque et locorum, Plin. 25, 3, 6, § 20:B.maximum salamandrae,
id. 29, 4, 23, § 74:Scythae sagittas tingunt viperină sanie... inremediabile id scelus,
id. 11, 53, 115, § 279.—Concr., in vulgar lang. as a term of reproach, rascal, scoundrel, villain, rogue; and of women, drab, baggage, etc.: minime miror, navis si fracta tibi, Scelus te et sceleste parta quae vexit bona, Plant. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Am. 2, 1, 7; id. Bacch. 5, 1, 9; id. Mil. 3, 2, 14; 3, 2, 27; id. Pers. 4, 9, 6; Ter. And. 2, 1, 17; 4, 1, 42; id. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Ad. 5, 1, 6; 5, 1, 12 al.; cf.:C.scelus viri,
you scoundrel of a man, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.— With a masc. pron.:is me scelus attondit, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 9:ubi illic est scelus, quid me perdidit?
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; cf.:scelus, quemnam hic laudat?
id. ib. 5, 2, 3.—In Plaut., Ter., and Mart., a mishap (qs. arising from wickedness), a misfortune, calamity (cf. sceleratus, B. 2., and scelestus, II.):D.perdidi unum filium puerum quadrimum... Major potitus hostium est: quod hoc est scelus!
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 104: Pa. Quid hoc est sceleris? Ch. Perii, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 34 Ruhnk.; Mart. 7, 14, 1.—A natural catastrophe: scelera naturae, i. e. earthquakes, inundations, etc., Plin. 2, 93, 95, § 206.
См. также в других словарях:
catastrophe — [ katastrɔf ] n. f. • 1552; lat. catastropha, gr. katastrophê « bouleversement » 1 ♦ Didact. Dernier et principal événement (d un poème, d une tragédie). ⇒ dénouement. « La catastrophe de ma pièce est peut être un peu trop sanglante » (Racine). 2 … Encyclopédie Universelle
catastrophe — CATASTROPHE. s. f. Le dernier & principal evenement d une Tragedie. Grande catastrophe, sanglante catastrophe. Il signifie aussi figur. Une fin malheureuse. La vie de cet homme a esté long temps heureuse, mais la catastrophe en a esté funeste.… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Catastrophe — Ca*tas tro*phe, n. [L. catastropha, Gr. ?, fr. ? to turn up and down, to overturn; kata down + ? to turn.] 1. An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things; a final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
catastrophe — CATASTROPHE. s. f. Le dernier et principal événement d une Tragédie. Grande catastrophe. Sanglantecatastrophe. Il ne se dit guère que d Un événement funeste. [b]f♛/b] Il signifie figurément Une fin malheureuse. La vie de ce Prince avoit été… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
catastrophe — I noun accident, adversity, affliction, calamitas, calamity, cataclysm, collapse, contretemps, debacle, decimation, desolation, destruction, devastation, disaster, downfall, emergency, eradication, extinction, great misfortune, hardship, havoc,… … Law dictionary
catastrophe — (n.) 1530s, reversal of what is expected (especially a fatal turning point in a drama), from L. catastropha, from Gk. katastrophe an overturning; a sudden end, from katastrephein to overturn, turn down, trample on; to come to an end, from kata… … Etymology dictionary
catastrophe — *disaster, calamity, cataclysm Analogous words: *trial, tribulation, visitation: defeating or defeat, overthrowing or overthrow, routing or rout (see corresponding verbs at CONQUER) Contrasted words: *victory, triumph … New Dictionary of Synonyms
catastrophe — [n] calamity; unhappy conclusion accident, adversity, affliction, alluvion, bad luck, bad news*, blow, calamity, casualty, cataclysm, contretemps, crash, culmination, curtains*, debacle, denouement, desolation, devastation, disaster, emergency,… … New thesaurus
catastrophe — ► NOUN ▪ an event causing great damage or suffering. DERIVATIVES catastrophic adjective. ORIGIN Greek katastroph overturning, sudden turn … English terms dictionary
catastrophe — [kə tas′trə fē] n. [L catastropha < Gr katastrophē, an overthrowing < katastrephein, to overturn < kata , down + strephein, to turn: see STROPHE] 1. the culminating event of a drama, esp. of a tragedy, by which the plot is resolved;… … English World dictionary
Catastrophe — Dégâts causés par l ouragan Dennis en Floride en 2005. Le terme catastrophe désigne les effets dommageables d un phénomène brutal, durable ou intense, d origine naturelle ou humaine. Les conséquences d une catastrophe sont dans la fracture de la… … Wikipédia en Français