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4 Richard of Wallingford, Abbot
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 1291/2 Wallingford, Englandd. 23 May 1336 St Albans, Hertfordshire, England[br]English cleric, mathematician and astronomer who produced the earliest mechanical clock of which there is detailed knowledge.[br]Richard, the son of a blacksmith, was adopted by the Prior of Wallingford when his father died and educated at Oxford. He then joined the monastery at St Albans and was ordained as a priest in 1317. After a further period at Oxford studying mathematics and astronomy he returned to St Albans as Abbot in 1327. Shortly after he had been elected Abbot he started work on a very elaborate astronomical clock. The escapement and the striking mechanism of this clock were unusual. The former was a variation on the verge escapement, and the hour striking (up to twenty-four) was controlled by a series of pins laid out in a helical pattern on a drum. However, timekeeping was of secondary importance as the main purpose of the clock was to show the motion of the Sun, Moon and planets (the details of the planet mechanism are lost) and to demonstrate eclipses. This was achieved in a very precise manner by a series of ingenious mechanisms, such as the elliptical wheel that was used to derive the variable motion of the sun.Richard died of leprosy, which he had contracted during a visit to obtain papal confirmation of his appointment, and the clock was completed after his death. The last recorded reference to it was made by John Leyland, shortly before the dissolution of the monasteries. It is now known only from incomplete manuscript copies of Richard's treatise. A modern reconstruction has been made based upon J.D.North's interpretation of the manuscript.[br]BibliographyFor the drafts of Richard's Treatise on the Clock, with translation and commentary, see J.D.North, 1976, Richard of Wallingford, 3 vols, Oxford.Further ReadingSee J.D.North's definitive work above: for biographical information see Vol. 2, pp. 1–16. Most of the shorter accounts appeared before the publication of North's treatise and are therefore of more limited use.G.White, 1978, "Evolution of the epicyclic gear—part 2", Chartered Mechanical Engineer (April): 85–8 (an account of Richard's use of epicyclic gearing).DVBiographical history of technology > Richard of Wallingford, Abbot
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См. также в других словарях:
Abbot — • A title given to the superior of a community of twelve or more monks Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Abbot Abbot † … Catholic encyclopedia
Abbot — ist: ein Mondkrater; siehe Abbot (Mondkrater) ein britisches Militärfahrzeug; siehe FV433 Abbot SPG ein Familienname; siehe Abbot (Familienname) ein ehemaliges britisches Formel 3 Team, siehe Abbot (Rennwagen) Abbot ist der Name folgender Orte:… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abbot — Ab bot, n. [AS. abbod, abbad, L. abbas, abbatis, Gr. abba^s, fr. Syriac abb[=a] father. Cf. {Abba}, {Abb[ E]}.] 1. The superior or head of an abbey. [1913 Webster] 2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc. Brit. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
abbot — ; abbot These terms (from the Aramaic Abba, meaning father ) refer respectively to the religious superior of anabbey of women or the religious superior of an abbey of men. An abbess, who is considered the spiritual mother of the abbey, or an… … Glossary of theological terms
abbot — (n.) O.E. abbod abbot, from L. abbatem (nom. abbas), from Gk. abbas, from Aramaic abba, title of honor, lit. the father, my father, emphatic state of abh father. The Latin fem. abbatissa is root of ABBESS (Cf. abbess) … Etymology dictionary
Abbot — (spr. Abbott), 1) Robert, geb. 1560 zu Guilford, Professor zu Oxford u. zuletzt Bischof zu Salisbury, st. 1617. Schr. Mehreres gegen den Papismus u. gegen Bellarmin. 2) George, Bruder des Vor., geb. 1562 zu Guilford, studirte u. lehrte zu Oxford… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Abbot — (spr. äbbet), 1) Robert, geb. um 1560, gest. 2. März 1618; seit 1615 Bischof von Salisbury, stand in Gunst bei Jakob I. Er schrieb Streitschriften gegen den Katholizismus und für die königliche Gewalt. 2) George, engl. Prälat, Bruder des vorigen … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Abbot — (spr. Aebbot), Georg, Erzbischof von Canterbury, Gegner der Katholiken unter Jakob I. und Karl I.; st. den 4. Aug. 1633. 2. Sein Bruder Robert, Bischof von Salisbury, schrieb gegen den Papst und Bellarmin, st. 1617. 3. Lord Charles, Graf v.… … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Abbot — Abbot, George … Enciclopedia Universal
Abbot — [ æbət], Charles Greeley, amerikanischer Astrophysiker und Meteorologe, * Wilton (N. H.) 31. 5. 1872, ✝ Riverdale (Maryland) 17. 12. 1973; leitete 1907 44 das Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Washington (D. C.), arbeitete besonders über … Universal-Lexikon
abbot — ► NOUN ▪ a man who is the head of an abbey of monks. ORIGIN Greek abbas father , from Aramaic … English terms dictionary