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1 cùrr
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2 Curr, John
[br]b. 1756 Kyo, near Lanchester, or in Greenside, near Ryton-on-Tyne, Durham, Englandd. 27 January 1823 Sheffield, England[br]English coal-mine manager and engineer, inventor of flanged, cast-iron plate rails.[br]The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.[br]Bibliography1788. British patent no. 1,660 (guides in mine shafts).1789. An Account of tin Improved Method of Drawing Coals and Extracting Ores, etc., from Mines, Newcastle upon Tyne.1797. The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion; reprinted with five plates and an introduction by Charles E.Lee, 1970, London: Frank Cass, and New York: Augustus M.Kelley.1798. British patent no. 2,270 (flat hemp ropes).Further ReadingF.Bland, 1930–1, "John Curr, originator of iron tram roads", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 11:121–30.R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42:1–23 (includes corrections to Fred Bland's earlier paper).Charles E.Lee, 1970, introduction to John Curr, The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion, London: Frank Cass, pp. 1–4; orig. pub. 1797, Sheffield (contains the most comprehensive biographical information).R.Galloway, 1898, Annals of Coalmining, Vol. I, London; reprinted 1971, London (provides a detailed account of Curr's technological alterations).WK / PJGR -
3 curūlis (curr-)
curūlis (curr-) e, adj. [currus], of a chariot: equi, the horses provided at the public cost for the games, L.: sella, the curule chair, official chair (of consuls, praetors, and curule aediles), C., L.: ebur, a throne of ivory, Ta. — As subst f., the curule chair, Ta.: summas donare curulīs (sc. sellas), magistracies, Iu.—Occupying the curule chair, of curule rank: aedilis, L.: aedilitas: ebur (i. e. sella), the consulship, H. -
4 Outram, Benjamin
[br]b. 1 April 1764 Alfreton, Englandd. 22 May 1805 London, England[br]English ironmaster and engineer of canals and tramroads, protagonist of angled plate rails in place of edge rails.[br]Outram's father was one of the principal promoters of the Cromford Canal, Derbyshire, and Benjamin Outram became Assistant to the canal's Engineer, William Jessop. In 1789 Outram was appointed Superintendent in charge of construction, and his responsibilities included the 2,978 yd (2,723 m) Butterley Tunnel; while the tunnel was being driven, coal and iron ore were encountered. Outram and a partner purchased the Butterley Hall estate above the tunnel and formed Outram \& Co. to exploit the coal and iron: a wide length of the tunnel beneath the company's furnace was linked to the surface by shafts to become in effect an underground wharf. Jessop soon joined the company, which grew and prospered to eventually become the long-lived Butterley Company.As a canal engineer, Outram's subsequent projects included the Derby, Huddersfield Narrow and Peak Forest Canals. On the Derby Canal he built a small iron aqueduct, which though designed later than the Longdon Aqueduct of Thomas Telford was opened earlier, in 1796, to become the first iron aqueduct.It is as a tramroad engineer that Outram is best known. In 1793 he completed a mile-long (1.6 km) tramroad from Outram \& Co.'s limestone quarry at Crich to the Cromford Canal, for which he used plate rails of the type recently developed by John Curr. He was, however, able to use a wider gauge—3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) between the flanges—and larger wagons than Curr had been able to use underground in mines. It appears to have been Outram's idea to mount the rails on stone blocks, rather than wooden sleepers.Outram then engineered tramroads to extend the lines of the Derby and Peak Forest Canals. He encouraged construction of such tramroads in many parts of Britain, often as feeders of traffic to canals. He acted as Engineer, and his company often provided the rails and sometimes undertook the entire construction of a line. Foreseeing that lines would be linked together, he recommended a gauge of 4 ft 2 in. (1.27 m) between the flanges as standard, and for twenty years or so Outram's plateways, with horses or gravity as motive power, became the usual form of construction for new railways. However, experience then showed that edge rails, weight for weight, could carry greater load, and were indeed almost essential for the introduction of steam locomotives.[br]Further ReadingR.B.Schofield, 1986, "The design and construction of the Cromford Canal, 1788–1794", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 57 (provides good coverage of Outram's early career).P.J.Riden, 1973, The Butterley Company and railway construction, 1790–1830', Transport History 6(1) (covers Outram's development of tramroads).R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42."Dowie" (A.R.Cowlishaw, J.H.Price and R.G.P. Tebb), 1971, The Crich Mineral Railways, Crich: Tramway Publications.PJGR -
5 current
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6 curriculum
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7 Дата зачисления денег депозита, код валюты, сумма контракта
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Дата зачисления денег депозита, код валюты, сумма контракта
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8 базовая валюта
1) Banking: monetary basis2) EBRD: base currency (валюта отчётности банка)3) SAP.tech. from-currency4) SAP.fin. base curr., base currency, reference currency -
9 валюта
1) General subject: currency, exchange, value, hard currency3) Diplomatic term: foreign exchange (других стран)4) EBRD: foreign currency, foreign exchange, forex5) Cables: currency (денежная система), foreign currency (иностранные деньги)6) leg.N.P. consideration7) Security: money8) SAP.tech. curr.9) SAP.fin. crcy10) Idiomatic expression: coin of the realm -
10 внутренняя валюта
1) SAP. local currency2) SAP.tech. LC, local curr., national currency3) SAP.fin. house currency -
11 ворковать
1) General subject: bill, bill of costs, coo, crool, curr, mourn (о голубях), spoon3) Jargon: sweet-talk -
12 евро/валюта командировки
SAP. euro/trip curr.Универсальный русско-английский словарь > евро/валюта командировки
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13 мурлыкать
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14 ток
3) Medicine: flow5) French: toque (женская шляпа без полей)6) Engineering: amperage, current or voltage, growing floor (солодовни), stream7) Agriculture: barn-floor, channel erosion, field floor, thrashing floor (площадка для молотьбы), thrashing-floor, threshing floor8) Mathematics: streamline (жидкости)9) Railway term: current rate10) Architecture: thrashing-floor (место молотьбы), threshing-floor (место молотьбы)11) Metallurgy: wind12) Electronics: juice13) Information technology: cur ( электрический), curr (электрический), current (электрический)14) Oil: running, earth currents15) Special term: lek16) Polymers: current (электрический)17) Automation: (электрический) current18) Cables: current (электрический)19) Makarov: corn floor, cornfloor, curtage, synaptic current20) Ornithology: display21) Hi-Fi. current (поток электронов в проводнике. Например, усилитель мощности направляет электрический ток через кабели, соединяющие его с акустической системой, на звуковые катушки, чем приводит в движение диффузоры головок акустической системы) -
15 ворковать
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16 мурлыкать
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17 урчать
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18 мъркам
purrпрен. вж. мърморя* * *мъ̀ркам,гл. purr; прен. grumble, murmur, grouse.* * *curr; grumble; mutter; purr (за котка)* * *1. purr 2. прен. вж. мърморя -
19 naizmenična stru
• alternating curr -
20 struna osetljivost u slobodnom
• free electricity field curr...
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См. также в других словарях:
Curr — (k[^u]r), v. i. [Prob. imitative.] To coo. [Scot.] [1913 Webster] The owlets hoot, the owlets curr. Wordsworth. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
curr — verb To coo like an owl. The owlets hoot, the owlets curr … Wiktionary
Curr — Recorded as Ker, Kerr, Keir, sometimes Carr, Curr, and possibly others, this interesting name is Anglo Scottish, but ultimately of pre 7th century Old Norse origins. It is or was topographical and found mainly in the famous Border counties of the … Surnames reference
curr — [[t]kɜr[/t]] v. i. curred, curr•ing to make a low, purring sound, as a cat • Etymology: 1670–80; akin to MD curren, MHG kurren to growl … From formal English to slang
curr — ˈkər(.) intransitive verb ( ed/ ing/ s) Etymology: imitative : to make a murmuring sound (as of doves) the owlets curr William Wordsworth … Useful english dictionary
Curr, Joseph — • English priest (d. 1847) Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Curr, Joseph Joseph Curr … Catholic encyclopedia
CURR, Edward Micklethwaite (1820-1889) — writer on aborigines and on stock was the son of Edward Curr (1798 1850) and was born at Hobart in 1820. His father spent over three years in Tasmania, from February 1820 to June 1823, and on his return voyage to England wrote An Account of the… … Dictionary of Australian Biography
curr — intransitive verb Etymology: imitative Date: 1677 to make a murmuring sound (as of doves) … New Collegiate Dictionary
curr — /kerr/, v.i. to make a low, purring sound, as a cat. [1670 80; akin to ON kurra to grumble, murmur, MHG kurren, MD curren to growl] * * * … Universalium
curr. — abbr. current … Dictionary of English abbreviation
curr — v. coo, make soft cooing sounds (like the call of a dove or pigeon) … English contemporary dictionary