ὀμνύω

ὄμνυμι

swear: pres subj act 1st sg

ὄμνυμι

swear: pres subj act 1st sg

ὄμνυμι

swear: pres ind act 1st sg

ὄμνυμι

swear: pres subj act 1st sg

ὄμνυμι

swear: pres subj act 1st sg

ὄμνυμι

swear: pres ind act 1st sg

ὀμνύω (a by-form of ὄμνυμι which is predominant in H. Gk. and therefore in the NT as well; in the form ὄμνυμι Hom. et al.; ins, pap; Just.; the by-form in Hdt., X. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, En, Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 271, C. Ap. 2, 121. In the NT the older form occurs only in the inf. ὀμνύναι Mk 14:71 [v.l. ὀμνύειν]; B-D-F §92; W-S. §14, 8; Mlt-H. 251) 1 aor. ὤμοσα; pf. ὀμώμοκα LXX to affirm the veracity of one’s statement by invoking a transcendent entity, freq. w. implied invitation of punishment if one is untruthful, swear, take an oath w. acc. of pers. or thing by which one swears (Hom. et al.; X., An. 7, 6, 18; Diod S 1, 29, 4 τὴν ῏Ισιν; Appian, Syr. 60 §317 πάντας τ. θεούς, Bell. Civ. 4, 68, §289; UPZ 70, 2 [152/151 B.C.] τὸν Σάραπιν; POxy 239, 5 [66 A.D.] Νέρωνα; B-D-F §149; Rob. 484. On the LXX s. Johannessohn, Kasus 77; Jos., Ant. 5, 14; 13, 76; Orig., Hippol.) τὸν οὐρανόν, τὴν γῆν swear by heaven, by the earth (Apollon. Rhod. 3, 699 and schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 714 ὄμοσον Γαῖάν τε καὶ Οὐρανόν; cp. διομνύω Aesop, Fab. 140 H.=89 P./91 [I, III] H-H.) Js 5:12. τὴν Καίσαρος τύχην MPol 9:2; 10:1. Abs., in the same sense (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 310) 9:3; (w. ἐπιθῦσαι) MPol 4.—Instead of the acc., ἐν w. dat. of pers. or thing is used (as נִשְׁבַּע בְּ in the OT; ἐν ὑμῖν En 5:6; s. Johannessohn, loc. cit.) ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ἐν τῇ γῇ Mt 5:34–35 (cp. the contrary advice 1QS 5, 8; MDelcor, VetusT 16, ’66, 8–25 [heaven and earth]); cp. 23:22 (GHeinrici, Beiträge III 1905, 42–5; ERietschel, Das Verbot des Eides in d. Bergpredigt: StKr 79, 1906, 373–418; ibid. 80, 1907, 609–18; OProksch, Das Eidesverbot Jesu Christi: Thüringer kirchl. Jahrbuch 1907; HMüller, Zum Eidesverbot d. Bergpred. 1913; OOlivieri, Biblica 4, 1923, 385–90; GStählin, Zum Gebrauch von Beteuerungsformeln im NT, NovT 5, ’62, 115–43; Billerb. I 321–36; ULuz, Mt, transl. WLinss ’89 [’85], 311–22.—Warning against any and all oaths as early as Choerilus Epicus [V B.C.] Fgm. 7 K.=10 B.: Stob., Flor. 3, 27, 1 vol. III p. 611, 3 H. ὅρκον δʼ οὔτʼ ἄδικον χρεὼν ὀμνύναι οὔτε δίκαιον; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103i Jac.: the Phrygians do not swear at all; Pythagoreans acc. to Diog. L. 8, 22; Essenes in Jos., Bell. 2, 135; cp. Soph., Oed. Col. 650f: a good man’s word is sufficient; sim. Aeschyl., Fgm. 394 TGF p. 114; s. also Plut., Mor. 275c). ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ σου by your head 5:36. ἐν τῷ ναῷ, ἐν τῷ χρυσῷ τοῦ ναοῦ 23:16; 21. ἐν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, ἐν τῷ δώρῳ τῷ ἐπάνω vss. 18, 20. ἐν τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τ. αἰῶνας τ. αἰώνων Rv 10:6. ἐν is replaced by εἰς Mt 5:35 (B-D-F §206, 2). Also κατά τινος by someone or someth. (Aristoph.; Demosth. [exx. in FBleek, Hb II/2, 1840, 245a]; Longus, Past. 4, 20, 2; Porphyr., Abst. 3, 16; Ps.-Lucian, Calumn. 18; SIG 526, 8; 685, 27; BGU 248, 12 [I A.D.]; Gen 22:16; 31:53; Ex 32:13; 1 Km 30:15; Am 6:8; Zeph 1:5) ἐπεὶ κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι, ὤμοσεν καθʼ ἑαυτοῦ since (God) could swear by no one greater, he swore by himself Hb 6:13; cp. vs. 16 (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 203 οὐ καθʼ ἑτέρου ὀμνύει θεός, οὐδὲν γὰρ αὐτοῦ κρεῖττον, ἀλλὰ καθʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ὅς ἐστι πάντων ἄριστος, De Abr. 273; on the topic cp. Hom., Il. 1, 524–27). ὤμοσεν ὁ δεσπότης κατὰ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ the Master took an oath by his glory Hv 2, 2, 5. It is even said that God ὤμ. κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ v 2, 2, 8. Foll. by direct discourse Hb 7:21 (Ps 109:4). Dir. disc. is preceded by ὅτι Mt 26:74 (w. καταθεματίζειν); Mk 14:71 (w. ἀναθεματίζειν); Rv 10:6f. As a quot. fr. Ps 94:11 w. εἰ preceding dir. disc. Hb 3:11; 4:3 (s. εἰ 4).—W. dat. of pers. confirm someth. (τὶ) for someone with an oath 6:8 (Ex 33:1); Ac 7:17 v.l. (ἧς by attraction, for ἥν). W. inf. foll. (Just., A I, 21, 3 ὀμνύντα … ἑωρακέναι) τίσιν ὤμοσεν μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ; whom did he assure by an oath that they should not enter his rest? Hb 3:18 (dat. w. fut. inf. as Plut., Galba 1063 [22, 12]). διαθήκη ἣν ὤμοσεν τοῖς πατράσι δοῦναι τ. λαῷ the covenant which he swore to the fathers to give to the people 14:1. Foll. by dir. disc. introduced by ὅτι recitative Mk 6:23 (JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70, 339–58). ὅρκῳ ὀμ. τινί w. inf. foll. Ac 2:30. Though the dat. ὅρκῳ is rare in this combination (cp. En 6:4; TestJud 22:3), the acc. (Hom. et al.; Gen 26:3; Num 30:3) is quite common: ὅρκον ὀμ. πρός τινα (ὀμ. πρός τινα Od. 14, 331; 19, 288) swear an oath to someone foll. by gen of the aor. inf. Lk 1:73.—RHirzel, D. Eid 1902; LWenger, D. Eid in d. griech. pap: ZSavRG, Rom. Abt. 23, 1902, 158ff; JPedersen, Der Eid bei den Semiten 1914; ESeidl, Der Eid in röm.-ägypt. Provinzialrecht, ’33.—B. 1437. DELG s.v. ὄμνυμι. M-M. TRE IX, 379–82. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὀμνύω

ὄμνυμι/ὀμνύω⁺ V 64-48-34-17-25=188 Gn 21,23.24.31; 22,16; 24,7

to swear Gn 21,24;

οἱ ὀμνύμενοι them by whom they swear Wis 14,31; οὐκ ὤμοσεν ἐπὶ δόλῳ τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ nor did he swear deceitfully to his neighbour Ps 23(24),4

*Ez 6,9 ὀμώμοκα I have sworn-בעתישׁנ בעשׁ for MT ברתישׁנ ברשׁ I was broken, I was crushed

Cf. DORIVAL 1994, 514; HARL 1986a, 55; HELBING 1928, 71-72; LUST 1994 155-164(Dt 32,40); WEVERS

1993, 310; →NIDNTT; TWNT

(→ἐξὄμνυμι

ὄμνῡμι, Pi.P.4.166, etc. ; imper.

A

ὄμνῠθι Il.23.585

,

ὄμνῡ S.Tr. 1185

, E.Med. 746, cf. Orac. ap. Hdt.6.86. γ ; [ per.] 3sg.

ὀμνύτω IG12.134.5

; [ per.] 3pl. ὀμνύντων. Foed. ap. Th.5.47, IG12.87.24: [tense] impf.

ὤμνυν Ar.Av. 520

, Ec. 823, D.17.10, etc.: also (from [tense] pres. [full] ὀμνύω) [ per.] 3sg. imper.

ὀμνῠέτω Il. 19.175

; part.

ὀμνύουσα Hyp.Ath.2

: [tense] impf.

ὤμνῠον Il.14.278

, Foed. ap.Th.5.19,24, IG22.236.14, etc. (for [tense] pres. ind. the Trag. and Ar. use only ὄμνυμι, Hdt. and [dialect] Att. Prose writers also ὀμνύω, which also occurs in Com., Pherecr.143.9, Amphis 42, Diph.101, Antiph.241.1, Alex.160 ; in Hdt.1.153 ὀμνύντες is restored for the dub. form ὀμοῦντες): [tense] fut. ὀμοῦμαι, εῖ, εῖται, Il.1.233,9.274, Hes.Op. 194, Ar.Nu. 246, Lys. 193, X.HG1.3.11, etc. ; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.

ὀμιώμεθα Ar.Lys. 183

; later [tense] fut.

ὀμόσω AP12.201

(Strat.), Plu.Cic.23, etc.: [tense] aor.

ὤμοσα Od. 4.253

, etc. ; [dialect] Ep.

ὤμοσσα Il.20.313

; [dialect] Ep. also without augm. ὄμοσα, -οσσα, 19.113,10.328 : [tense] pf.

ὀμώμοκα E.Hipp. 612

, Ar.Ra. 1471, etc.: [tense] plpf.

ὠμωμόκειν X.HG5.1.35

, D.9.16, 19.318 :—[voice] Med., Paus.10.26.3, [tense] aor. part.

ὀμοσάμενος SIG531.28

(Dyme, iii B. C.), IG5(2).357.11 ([place name] Stymphalus), also in compds. ἀντ-, ἀπ-, δι-, ὑπ- :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ὀμοσθήσομαι And.3.34

: [tense] aor.

ὠμόσθην X.HG7.4.10

, ([etym.] ὑπ-) Hyp.Fr. 202 ; but

ὠμόθην Is.2.40

, ([etym.] ὑπ-) D.48.25 : [tense] pf. [ per.] 3sg.

ὀμώμοται A.Ag. 1284

,

ὀμώμοσται E.Rh. 816

, Arist.Rh. 1377a11 ; [ per.] 3pl. ὀμώμονται Lexap.And. 1.98 ; part.

ὀμωμοσμένος D.7.10

, 22.4, Arist.Rh. 1377b7 ( ὠμοσμένος v. l. in App.Pun.83, etc.):—swear, c. acc. cogn.,

ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον Il.19.175

, al. ;

ὅτις κ' ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ 3.279

;

ἑκὼν ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσας Hes.Op. 282

: c. dat. pers.,

νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον.. ὅρκον Il.19.108

, al. ;

πρός τινα Od.14.331

, 19.288 :—[voice] Pass.,

ὀμώμοται γὰρ ὅοκος ἐκ θεῶν A.Ag. 1284

;

ὅρκων ὀμωμος μένων D.7.10

;

εἰ ὀμώμοσται οὗτος [ὁ ὅρκος] Arist. Rh. 1377a11

, cf. b7.

II swear to a thing, affirm or confirm by oath,

1 folld. by acc.,

ταῦτα δ' ἐγὼν ἐθέλω ὀμόσαι Il.19.187

, cf. S.OC 1145, X.Ages.1.11 ; ὄ. τὰς σπονδάς Foed. ap. Th.5.47 ;

τὴν εἰρήνην D.18.32

, cf. 9.16 ;

θεῶν πίστεις τινί Th.5.30

, etc.

2 folld. by [tense] fut. inf., swear that one will.., Il.21.373, etc., cf. S.Ph. 623, 941 ([tense] pres. inf., D.21.188 codd.): freq. with ἦ μέν, [dialect] Att. ἦ μήν, preceding the inf.,

καί μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι.. ἀρήξειν Il.1.76

, cf. 10.321, Lys.31.1, X.HG 5.3.26, etc.: also by [tense] aor. inf. and ἄν, Id.An.7.7.40 : by [tense] pres. inf., swear that one does.., S.Ph. 357 : by [tense] pf. inf., swear that one has.., D.21.119 ;

ὤμνυς μὴ γεγονέναι Magn.6

: by [tense] aor. inf., swear that one did..,

ὀμνύουσι μὴ 'κπιεῖν ἀλλ' ἢ μίαν Pherecr.143.9

, cf. Hdt.2.179 ([tense] aor. inf. is perh. used, without ἄν, in [tense] fut. sense, D.23.170 (s. v. l.)): sts. a clause follows in the ind.,

ὀμνύω.., ἦ μὴν ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην X.An. 6.1.31

;

ὄμνυμί σοι.., οὐκ ἤθελον.. Theoc.Adon.22

.

3 abs., εἶπον ὀμόσας ἄν I would have given my word of honour, Pl.Smp. 215d.

III with acc. of the person or thing sworn by, swear by,

νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον ἀάατον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ Il.14.271

;

γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον ὄμνυθι 23.585

, cf. 15.40, Hdt.5.7, A.Th. 529, S.Tr. 1185, etc. ;

ὀμωμοκὼς τοὺς θεούς D.18.217

; ὄμνυμι θεοὺς καὶ θεάς folld. by inf., X.An.6.6.17, cf. 6.1.31 : rarely c. dat., τῷ γὰρ ὄμνυτ'; ἢ σιδαρέοισι; Ar.Nu. 248 : in Prose also with Preps., ὀ. καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων Lex ap.And.1.97, Th.5.47 ;

κατ' ἐξωλείας D.21.119

;

κατὰ τῆς Πολιάδος Luc.Symp.32

;

εἰς τὸν Οὐιτέλλιον Plu.Oth.18

;

ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν Plb.38.20.5

;

ἐν Κυρίῳ LXXJd.21.7

;

ἐν τῷ ναῷ Ev.Matt.23.16

:—[voice] Pass., ὀμώμοσται Ζεύς Zeus has been sworn by, adjured, E.Rh. 816, cf. Ar.Nu. 1241.

μήν [(A)], [dialect] Dor. (Epich.78, etc.), [dialect] Aeol. (Sapph.Supp.23.5, etc.), and old [dialect] Ep. [full] μάν (in Hom.always folld. by a vowel exc. Il.5.895, 765, whereas μήν is folld. by a consonant exc. in Il.19.45; original μάν has prob. been changed to μέν exc. when the metre prevented), a Particle used to strengthen asseverations,

A verily, truly; a synonym of μέν but stronger, and like it always following the word which begins the clause, ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μ. τετελεσμένον ἔσται and so verily.., Il.23.410; ἴστε μὰν .. ye know doubtless, Pi.I.4(3).35: freq. with imper., ἄγε μ. on then, Il.1.302;

ἄγρει μάν 5.765

;

ἄναγε μάν A.Ch. 963

(lyr.);

ἕπεο μάν S.OC 182

(lyr.).

II after other Particles,

1 ἦ μήν, now verily, full surely,

ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστίν Il.2.291

, cf. h.Ap.87, Hes. Sc. 101;

ἦ μάν Il.2.370

, 13.354, Sapph.l.c., Pi.P.4.40, al. (

εἶ μάν IG5

(1).1390.27 (Andania, i B.C.)): strengthd.,

ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538

: freq. later in strong protestations or oaths, c. inf.,

ὄμνυσι δ' ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν A.Th. 531

, cf. S.Tr. 1186, X.An.2.3.26: in negation, ἦ μ. μή .. Th.8.81, etc. (but also

ὀμνύω μὴ μὰν φρονησεῖν SIG527.36

(Crete, iii B.C.)): in Prose also to begin an independent clause,

ὀμνύω.., ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην X.An.6.1.31

;

καὶ νὴ τὸν κύνα,.. ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἔπαθόν τι τοιοῦτον Pl. Ap. 22a

.

2 καὶ μήν, sts. simply to add an asseveration, v. sub init., cf. Pi.N.2.13, etc.;

καὶ δὴ μάν Theoc.7.120

: freq. to introduce something new or deserving special attention,

καὶ μὴν Τάνταλον εἰσεῖδον Od.11.582

, cf. 593, A.Pr. 459, Pers. 406, etc.; esp. in dramatic Poets to mark the entrance of a person on the stage, here comes.., Id.Th. 372, E.El. 339; also

ὅδε μ. Αἵμων S.Ant. 626

(anap.), etc.; of new facts, and besides, nay more,

καὶ μήν.. γε A.Pr. 982

, cf. Ar. Pax 369, X.Smp.4.15, etc.; in Orators to introduce new arguments,

καὶ μήν.. γε Pl.Tht. 153b

, D.21.56; to introduce a counter-argument, Ar.Nu. 1185, Pl.Grg. 452c;

καὶ μὴν καί D.27.30

, etc.: also in answers, to denote approbation or assent, ἀλλ' ἢν ἐφῇς μοι.. λέξαιμ' ἂν ὀρθῶς. Answ. καὶ μ. ἐφίημι well, I allow it, S.El. 556; μὴ νῦν διάτριβ', ἀλλ' ἄνυε πράττων .. Answ.

καὶ μ. βαδίζω Ar.Pl. 413

(v.l.), cf. Ra. 895, E.Hec. 317; so

καὶ μ... γε Pl.R. 426e

, etc.

3 ἀλλὰ μήν, yet truly, Id.Pers.233, etc.;

ἀλλὰ μάν Ar.Ach. 765

;

ἀλλὰ μήν.. γε Id.Ra. 258

; to allege something not disputed, Pl.Tht. 187a: rarely separated,

ἀλλ' ἐστὶ μ. οἰκητός S.OC28

; ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐγὼ μ. .. E.Hec. 401: more strongly,

ὅμως μ. Pl.Plt. 297d

.

4 ναὶ μήν, above all, Emp.76.2.

5 οὐ μήν, of a truth not, Il.24.52, A.Ag. 1068, etc.: elsewh. in Hom. οὐ μάν, Il.12.318, etc.; μὴ μάν ([dialect] Att. μὴ μήν) oh do not, 8.512, 15.476, etc.;

ἀλλ' οὐ μάν 17.41

;

ἀλλ' οὐ μάν.. γε S.OC 153

(lyr.);

οὐδὲ μάν Pi.P.4.87

.

6 ὡς μήν, = ἦ μήν, ὀμμνύω Δία.. ὡς μ. κρινεῖν τὰ ἀντιλεγόμενα Delph.3(1).362 i 40.

III after interrogatives, τί μ.; well, what of it? A.Eu. 203, Pl.Tht. 145e, etc.; τί μ. οὔ well, why not? E. Rh. 706 (lyr.); τῶς μ.; well, but how.. ? X.Cyr.1.6.28; τίνος μ. ἕνεκα; ibid.; ποῦ μ.; to express surprise, Pl.Tht. 142a; ἀλλὰ πότε μήν; X. Smp.4.23.

IV with adversative force, esp. after a neg., so that it is equivalent to μέντοι, νῦν ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει.., ἔσται μὰν ὅτ' ἄν .. Il. 8.370- 373;

οὐ μὴν ἄτιμοι.. τεθνήξομεν A.Ag. 1279

; ἀνάγκη μὲν καὶ ταῦτ' ἐπίστασθαι.., οὐδὲν μ. κωλύει κτλ. Pl.Phdr. 268e, cf. Grg. 493c, R. 529e, etc.;

χαλεπῶς ἔχει ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, μᾶλλον μ. αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ τὸ νόσημα Id.Tht. 142b

; expressed more strongly by γε μ., Pi.P.7.18, A.Th. 1067 (anap.), S.OC 587, X.Cyr.6.1.7, etc.; also

οὐ μ... γε A. Pr. 270

, Th. 538; οὐδὲ μ. ib. 809, Ch. 189; οὐ μ. οὐδέ nor yet indeed, Th. 1.3, 82, etc.;

οὐ μὰν οὐδέ Il.4.512

;

ἀλλ' οὐ μὰν οὐδέ 23.441

:—on οὐ μὴν ἀλλά, v. ἀλλά 11.5.

------------------------------------

μήν [(B)], ὁ,

A v. μείς.

II [full] Μήν, an Anatolian divinity, IG22.1365,1366, etc.; nom. sg. [full] Μείς Supp.Epigr.4.647.2, 648.3 ([place name] Lydia).

εὐθένεια, ἡ,

A supply, provisioning, ὀμνύω.. ἔχειν παρ' ἐμαυτῷ χοίρους.. εἰς τὴν εὐθένιαν (or - ίαν)

τῆς.. πόλεως BGU 649.16

(ii A.D.); εἰς εὐθένειαν τῶν.. στρατιωτῶν.. οἴνου ξέστας ib.974.6 (iv A.D.), cf. PGoodsp.Cair.11.5 (iv A.D.), POxy.1412.6 (iii A.D.), 1261.7 (iv A.D.), PLond.3.1245.5 (iv A.D.); πᾶσαν εὐθένειαν supplies of all kinds, POxy. 1252v. 14 (iii A.D., but εὐθηνιαρχικός ib.17); [ᾠὰ] πρὸς διάπρασιν καὶ εὐθένιαν (or - ίαν) τῆς.. πόλεως ib.83.11 (iv A.D.), cf. PSI 4.309 (iv A.D.); ἐραυνηταῖς εὐθεν [ ίας] PFay.104.18 (iii A.D.);

ἐπὶ τῶν μερισμῶν τῶν σπερμάτων καὶ τῆς εὐθενίας PTeb.397.19

(ii A.D., but κοσμητεύσας εὐθηνίας ib. 15,28); εὐθενίας ἔπαρχος, = Lat. praefectus annonae, IG14.1072 (Rome, ii A.D.); εὐθενείας ἔ. ib.917 (iii A.D.).

II welfare, prosperity, abundance, Poll.9.160; gloss on εὔσοια, Sch.S.OC 390, v.l. in Arist. Rh. 1360b16, HA 602a15, al.; good physical condition, τοῦ σκήνεος εὐθένεια cj. for εὐσθ- in Democr.57.

εὐνο-έω,

A to be well-inclined or favourable, c. dat.,

τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι πρήγμασι Hdt.7.237

; τινι S.Aj. 689, Lys.13.13, Ar.Nu. 1411, X.Oec.12.5, etc.;

ὀμνύω.. εὐνοήσειν Καίσαρι OGI532.9

(Galatia, Aug.);

τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ

be at peace with,

Ev.Matt.5.25

: abs., Hdt.9.79; ὁ εὐνοῶν one's well-wisher, Arist.EE 1241a11:—[voice] Med., Phalar.Ep. 119:—[voice] Pass., to be kindly or affectionately treated, dub. l. in Men. 1087; ὑπὸ γυναικός Vett. Val.68.3; to be liked,

ὑπὸ θεῶν καὶ ὑπὸ γυναικῶν Heph.Astr.1.1

.

κρήν-η, [dialect] Dor. [full] κράνα IG42(1).121.6 (Epid.), etc.; [dialect] Aeol. [full] κράννα ib.12(2).103 (Mytil.): ἡ:—

A well, spring, fountain, μελάνυδρος, καλλιρέεθρος, Il.16.3, Od.10.107, cf. Pi.P.1.39,al., Pl.Phd. 112c, etc.; opp. φρέαρ (q.v.), Hdt.4.120, Th.2.48;

ἐμπλησαμένη τὴν ὑδρίαν.. ἀπὸ κρήνης Ar.Lys. 328

;

κ. οἴνου E.Ba. 707

;

ὀμνύω.. κράνας καὶ ποταμούς SIG 527.34

(Dreros, iii B. C.): poet. in pl., for water, S.OC 686, Ant. 844 (both lyr.); κρηνῶν ἐπιμελητής, title of official at Athens, IG22.338.11, Arist.Ath.43.1, cf. Pl.Lg. 758e, Arist.Pol. 1321b26, OGI483.159 (Pergam.).

σωτηρ-ία, [dialect] Ion. -ιη, ἡ,

A deliverance, preservation,

σωτηρίην ὑποθησόμενον ὑμῖν Hdt.5.98

;

σ. μηχανᾶσθαι Id.7.172

;

σ. Ἕλλησι δώσουσ' ἔρχομαι E.IA 1472

;

σ. κατεργάσασθαι Id.Heracl. 1045

;

φέρειν Id.Tr. 753

; ἀπεργάζεσθαι, πορίζειν, ἐκπορίζεσθαι, Pl.Lg. 647b, Prt. 321b, Th.6.83;

σωτηρίαν ἔχειν S.Aj. 1080

, E.Or. 1178, etc.;

ζητεῖν Isoc.4.95

;

εὑρίσκεσθαι Aeschin.3.134

; also

σωτηρίας τυχεῖν A.Pers. 508

, Ch. 203, X.Cyr.4.1.2, etc.; ἐνεύχομαί σοι τὴν Ἀπολλωνίου ς. PCair.Zen.482.4 (iii B.C.); ὀμνύω σωι (or σοι) τὴν σαυτοῦ ς. ib.324.2 (iii B.C.); ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας.. Αὐτοκράτορος, = Lat. pro salute Imperatoris, OGI1678.1 (Egypt, ii A.D.).

2 a way or means of safety (=

μηχανὴ σωτηρίας A.Th. 209

), ἔστι τις ς.; Id.Pers. 735 (troch.); ἔχεις τιν'.. ς.; E.Or. 778 (troch.), cf. Ar.Eq.12;

εἰς σ. ἄλλην καταφυγεῖν Antipho 2.4.1

, cf. Th.3.20.

3 safe return, ἡ ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ς. Id.7.70; ἡ οἴκαδε ς. D.50.16, cf. Plu.2.241e;

ἡ σ. ἣν συνέβη τῷ πατρὶ δεῦρο D.57.20

; νόστιμος ς. A.Pers. 797, Ag. 343, 1238.

4 in LXX and NT, salvation,

ὁ θεὸς τῆς σ. μου LXX Ps.50(51).14

, al.;

σ. ψυχῶν 1 Ep.Pet. 1.9

; εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ς. Ep.Eph.1.13, etc.

II of things, keeping safe, preservation, Hdt.4.98; c. gen., A.Eu. 909, Pl.R. 433c, etc.; maintenance,

τῶν οἰκοδομημάτων καὶ ὁδῶν Arist.Pol. 1321b21

;

τῶννόμων Pl.R. 425e

; τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τῶν ἄστρων, Arist.Cael. 284a20, Mete. 355a20.

2 security, guarantee for safety, σ. ἔστω τῶν ὑποκειμένων guarantee for the safe keeping of.., Syngr. ap. D.35.13; σωτηρίας ἕνεκα τοῖς πολλοῖς τῶν σωμάτων for their safe custody,, Pl.Lg. 908a; ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς σωτηρίᾳ ib. 909a; σωτηρίαι τῆς πολιτείας ways of preserving it, Arist.Pol. 1301a23, cf. 1289b24, Pl.Prt. 354b.

3 security, safety,

τοῦ κοινοῦ Th.2.60

;

τοῦ βίου Pl.Prt. 356d

.

4 c. gen. obj., security against,

ἀπορίας Philem.213.12

.

5 bodily health, well-being, BGU423.13 (ii A.D.), POxy.939.20 (iii A.D.), etc.

τύχη [pron. full] [ῠ], ἡ, [dialect] Boeot. [full] τιούχα IG7.2809.1 (Hyettus, iii B. C.), [full] τούχα ib.3083 (Lebad., iii B. C.): (

A

τεύχω, τυγχάνω A. 1.2

):—the act of a god,

τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi.O.8.67

;

ἄπαιδές ἐσμεν δαίμονός τινος τύχῃ E.Med. 671

;

τύχᾳ θεῶν Pi.P.8.53

; σὺν θεοῦ τύχᾳ, σὺν Χαρίτων τύχᾳ, Id.N.6.24, 4.7;

θείῃ τύχῃ Hdt.1.126

, 3.139, 4.8, 5.92.

γ; ἐὰν θεία τις συμβῇ τ. Pl.R. 592a

;

θείᾳ τινὶ τύχῃ Id.Ep. 327e

;

ἐκ θείας τύχης S.Ph. 1326

;

δαιμονίως ἔκ τινος τ. Pl.Ti. 25e

;

πῶς οὖν μάχωμα θνητὸς ὢν θείᾳ τύχῃ; S.Fr. 196

; ἆρα θείᾳ κἀπόνῳ τάλας τύχῃ [ὄλωλε]; Id.OC 1585;

ἐμὲ.. δαιμονία τις τύχη κατέχει Pl.Hp.Ma. 304c

:

ἄσημα δ' ου'κέτ' ε'στὶν οἷ φθίνει τύχα Κύπριδος E.Hipp. 371

(lyr.);

ἐξεπλήσσου τῇ τ. τῇ τῶν θεῶν Id.IA 351

(troch.);

δαίμονος τύχα βαρεῖα Id.Rh. 728

(lyr.);

τὰς.. δαιμόνων τ. ὅστις φέρει κάλλιστα Id.Fr.37

.

b the act of a human being, πέμψον τιν' ὅστις σημανεῖ—ποίας τύχας; will order—what action? Id.IT 1209 (troch.).

2 esp. ἀναγκαία τύχη, as a paraphrase for Ἀνάγκη, Necessity, Fate,

τέθνηκ' Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης S.El. 48

;

τῆς ἀ. τ. οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν μεῖζον ἀνθρώποις κακόν Id.Aj. 485

; πρόστητ' ἀ. τ. ib. 803;

εἴ τις ἀ. τ. γίγνοιτο Pl.Lg. 806a

: also pl.,

ἀλλ' ἥκομεν γὰρ εἰς ἀναγκαίας τύχας θυγατρὸς αἱματηρὸν ἐκπρᾶξαι φόνον E. IA 511

.

II regarded as an agent or cause beyond human control:

1 fortune, providence, fate,

πάντα τύχη καὶ μοῖρα, Περίκλεες, ἀνδρὶ δίδωσι Archil.16

;

ἡμῖν ἐκ πάντων τοῦτ' ἀπένειμε τύχη Simon.100

;

πύργοις δ' ἀπειλεῖ δείν', ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426

;

ἐπ' εὐμενεῖ τύχᾳ Pi.O.14.15

;

μετὰ τύχης ευ'μενοῦς Pl.Lg. 813a

;

κατελθὼν δεῦρο πρευμενεῖ τύχῃ A.Ag. 1647

;

ὁρμώμενον βροτοῖσιν εὐπόμπῳ τύχῃ Id.Eu.93

: personified,

Σώτειρα Τύχα Pi.O.12.2

;

Τ. Σωτήρ A. Ag. 664

, cf. S.OT80; ἐμαυτὸν παῖδα τῆς Τ. νέμων τῆς εὖ διδούσης ib. 1080; <

Τύχα>.. Προμαθείας θυγάτηρ Alcm.62

, cf. Pi.Fr.41, D.Chr. 63.7;

πάντων τύραννος ἡ Τύχη 'στὶ τῶν θεῶν Trag.Adesp.506

, cf. 505;

Τύχα, μερόπων ἀρχά τε καὶ τέρμα.. προφερεστάτα θεῶν Lyr.Adesp.139

.

2 chance, regarded as an impersonal cause,

τύχη φορὰ ἐξ ἀδήλου εἰς ἄδηλον, καὶ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου αἰτία δαιμονίας πράξεως Pl.Def. 411b

; coupled with τὸ αὐτόματον, Arist.Ph. 195b31, al.; defined as

αἰτία ἄδηλος ἀνθρωπίνῳ λογισμῷ Stoic.2.281

;

πειρῶ τύχης ἄνοιαν ἀνδρείως φέρειν Men.812

;

τὰ τῆς τύχης φέρειν δεῖ γνησίως τὸν εὐγενῆ Antiph.281

, cf. Apollod.Com.17, Alex.252, Men. 205;

οὐκ ἔχουσιν αἱ τ. φρένας Alex.287

;

τῆς ἀναγκαίας μέν, ἀγνώμονος δὲ τ. οὐχ ὡς δίκαιον ἦν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐβούλετο, κρινάσης τὸν ἀγῶνα D.Ep.2.5

; personified and said to be blind, Men.417b, Kon.14, Plu. 2.98a;

τί δ' ἂν φοβοῖτ' ἄνθρωπος, ᾧ τὰ τῆς τ. κρατεῖ, πρόνοια δ' ἐστὶν οὐδενὸς σαφής; S.OT 977

; ἂν μὲν ἡ τ. συνεπιλαμβάνηται.., ἂν δ' ἀντιπίπτῃ τὰ τῆς τ., Plb.2.49.7,8;

ἡ Τ. σχεδὸν ἅπαντα τὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης πράγματα πρὸς ἓν ἔκλινε μέρος Id.1.4.1

, cf. 1.63.9, 2.38.5, 36.17.1;

τῆς Τ. ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες ἀναβιβαζούσης ἐπὶ σκηνὴν τὴν τῶν Ῥοδίων ἄγνοιαν Id.29.19.2

, cf. 23.10.16, Dem.Phal.39J.; οὐκ ἂν ἐν τύχῃ γίγνεσθαι σφίσι would not depend on chance, Th.4.73;

ὁ πόλεμος φιλεῖ ἐς τύχας περιίστασθαι Id.1.78

, cf. 69; τύχῃ by chance, S.Ant. 1182, Ph. 546, Th.1.144, etc.; opp. φύσει, Pl.Prt. 323d; ἀπὸ τύχης, opp. ἀπὸ παρασκευῆς, Lys.21.10; opp. ἀπὸ φύσεως, Arist. Metaph. 1032a29;

ἀπὸ τ. ἀπροσδοκήτου Pl.Lg. 920d

;

ἐκ τύχης Id.Phdr. 265c

, R. 499b, etc.;

διὰ τύχην Isoc.4.132

, 9.45;

δίκαιος οὐδεὶς ἀπὸ τύχης οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν τ. Arist.Pol. 1323b29

;

κατὰ τύχην Th.3.49

, X.HG3.4.13;

τῆς τ. εὖ μετεστεώσης Hdt.1.118

;

τὸ τῆς τ. ἀφανές E.Alc. 785

, cf. D.4.45.

III regarded as a result:

1 good fortune, success,

δὸς ἄμμι τ. εὐδαιμονίην τε h.Hom.11.5

;

μοῦνον ἀνδρὶ γένοιτο τ. Thgn.130

;

τ. μόνον προσείη Ar.Av. 1315

(lyr.);

εἴ οἱ τ. ἐπίσποιτο Hdt.7.10

.δ, cf. 1.32; σὲ γὰρ θεοὶ ἐπορῶσι· οὐ γὰρ ἄν.. ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ ib. 124;

ἐπειδήπερ ἐν τούτῳ τύχης εἰσί Th.7.33

;

σὺν τύχᾳ Pi.N.5.48

, cf. S.Ph. 775; σὺν τ. τινί A Ch.138, cf. Th.472;

τύχᾳ Pi.N.10.25

, E.El. 594 (lyr.); οὐ πεποιθότες τύχῃ not believing in our good fortune, A.Ag. 668; γλῶσσαν ἐν τύχᾳ νέμων ib. 685 (lyr.); σοφῶν γὰρ ἀνδρῶν ταῦτα, μὴ 'κβάντας τύχης, καιρὸν λαβόντας, ἡδονὰς ἄλλας λαβεῖν without stepping out of success already attained, E.IT 907;

τὰς γὰρ παρούσας οὐχὶ σῴζοντες τ. ὤλοντ' ἐρῶντες μειζόνων ἀβουλίᾳ Id.Fr. 1077

: c. gen. rei,

Ζεῦ τέλει', αἰδῶ δίδοι καὶ τύχαν τερπνῶν γλυκεῖαν Pi.O.13.115

.

2 ill fortune,

τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας.. φέρειν S.Ph. 1317

; κατὰ τύχας in misfortune, opp.κατὰ.. εὐπραγίας, Pl.Lg. 732c;

τοιαύτῃσι περιέπιπτον τύχῃσι Hdt. 6.16

; τύχῃ by ill-luck, opp. ἀδικίᾳ, Antipho 6.1; opp. προνοίᾳ, Id.5.6; ἔστιν ἡ τ. τοῦ ἄρξαντος the ill-luck is his who began the fray, Id.4.4.8; of death, ἢν χρήσωνται τύχῃ, i. e. if they are killed, E.Heracl. 714, cf. And.1.120, X.Cyn.5.29;

δεχομένοις λέγεις θανεῖν σε, τὴν τ. δ' αἱρούμεθα A.Ag. 1653

;

τ. ἑλεῖν Id.Supp. 380

, cf. Pr. 106, 274, 290 (anap.);

ὦ τῆς ἀώρου θύγατερ ἀθλία τύχης E.Hec. 425

: personified, εἰ μὴ τὴν Τ. αὐτὴν λέγεις *misfortune herself, ib. 786.

3 in a neutral sense, mostly in pl. 'fortunes',

ποίαις ὁμιλήσει τύχαις Pi. N.1.61

;

πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἀεὶ βουλεύεσθαι καὶ ταῖς τ. ἐπακολουθεῖν Isoc.6.34

; τὴν ἐλπίδ' οὐ χρὴ τῆς τ. κρίνειν πάρος the event, S.Tr. 724;

ἐπὶ τῇσι παρεούσῃσι τύχῃσι Hdt.7.236

;

ἐγὼ δὲ τὴν παροῦσαν ἀντλήσω τ. A.Pr. 377

;

φέρειν ἀνάγκη τὰς παρεστώσας τ. E.Or. 1024

: c. gen. rei,

κοινὰς εἶναι τὰς τ. τοῖς ἅπασι καὶ τῶν κακῶν καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν Lys.24

. 22.

4 the quality of the fortune or fate may be indicated by an Adj., ἀγαθὴ τ. or ἡ ἀγαθὴ τ., A.Ag. 755 (lyr.), Ar. Pax 360, D.Ep.4.3, etc.;

πολλῇ χρῷτ' ἂν ἀγαθῇ τ. Pl.Lg. 640d

; freq. in prayers and good wishes,

εὐχώμεσθα Διὶ.. θεσμοῖς τοῖσδε τ. ἀγαθὴν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάσσαι Sol.[31]

; θεὸς τ. ἀγαθάν (sc. δότω) GDI1930, al. (Delph., ii B. C.): in nom.,

θεός, τύχα ἀγαθά IG42(1).47.1

, 121.1 (Epid., iv B.C.), 73.1 (ibid., iii B.C.): freq. in dat., ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ by God's help, Lat. quod di bene vortant, ἀγαθᾷ τύχᾳ ib.103.119 (ibid., iv B. C.);

ἀλλ' ἴωμεν ἀγαθῇ τ. Pl.Lg. 625c

;

ταῦτα ποιεῖτ' ἀγ. τ. D.3.18

;

τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ And. 1.120

, Pl.Smp. 177e, Cri. 43d, etc.; in Com. with crasis,

ἡγοῦ δὴ σὺ νῷν τύχἀγαθῇ Ar.Av. 675

, cf. 436, Ec. 131, Nicostr.Com.19; as a formula in treaties, decrees, etc., Αάχης εἶπε, τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ τῇ Ἀθηναίων ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν Decr. ap. Th.4.118, etc.;

ἀγ. τ. τῇ Ἀθηναίων IG12.39.40

; also

ἐπ' ἀγαθῇ τ. Ar.V. 869

, cf. Pl.Lg. 757e; μετ' ἀγαθῆς τ. ib. 732d; τύχῃ ἀμείνονι, ἐπ' ἀμείνοσι τύχαις, ib. 856e, 878a; also

τύχᾳ σὺν ἔσλᾳ Sapph.Supp.9.4

;

ἐπὶ τύχῃσι χρηστῇσι Hdt.1.119

: with κακός or equivalent words,

τ. παλίγκοτος A.Ag. 571

;

ἡ δέ τοι τ. κακὴ μὲν αὕτη γ' ἀλλὰ συγγνώμην ἔχει S.Tr. 328

;

ἐν τοιᾷδε κείμενος κακῇ τ. Id.Aj. 323

;

τίς τῆσδ' ἔτ' ἐχθίων τύχη; A. Pers. 438

;

πρὶν αἰσχρᾷ περιπεσεῖν τύχῃ τινί E.Hec. 498

;

ὅταν τις ἡμῶν δυστυχῆ λάβῃ τ. Id.Tr. 471

, cf. Th.5.102;

ἀλιτηριώδης τ. Pl. Lg. 881e

;

ποινὴν καὶ κακὴν τ. S.E.M.5.16

.

5 with gen. (or possess. Adj.) of the person who enjoys or endures the fortune or fate,

τῶν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις θανόντων εὐκλεὴς μὲν ἁ τύχα, καλὸς δ' ὁ πότμος Simon.4.2

;

θεῶν δ' ὄπιν ἄφθιτον αἰτέω, Εέναρκες, ὑμετέραις τύχαις Pi.P.8.72

;

ὤμοι βαρείας ἆρα τῆς ἐμῆς τ. S.Aj. 980

;

κατεδάκρυσε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τ. X.Cyr.5.4.31

;

ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν Ἀρκάδων τ. ἥσθησαν Id.HG7.1.32

;

πρὸς τὰς τ. τῶν ἐναντίων ἐπαίρεσθαι Th.6.11

;

τῆς ὑμετέρας τ. D.1.1

;

τὴν ἰδίαν τ. τὴν ἐμὴν καὶ τὴν ἑνὸς ἡμῶν ἑκάστου Id.18.255

.

IV the τ. or ἀγαθὴ τ. of a person or city is sts. thought of as permanently belonging to him or it, as a faculty for good fortune, destiny, almost = δαίμων 1.2, 11.3,

τὸν δαίμονα καὶ τὴν τ. τὴν συμπαρακολουθοῦσαν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ φυλάξασθαι Aeschin.3.157

;

ἐπισφαλές ἐστι πιστεύειν ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς τύχῃ τηλικαῦτα πράγματα Plu.Fab.26

;

νὴ τὴν σὴν τ. Arr.Epict.2.20.29

: personified,

θύειν Τύχῃ Ἀγαθῇ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς Ποσειδωνίου κριόν SIG1044.34

(Halic., iv/iii B. C.); a statue of the Τύχη of the City of Antioch executed by Eutychides, Paus.6.2.7: so of rulers,

ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ τῇ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Σωτῆρος OGI16

(Halic., iii B.C.);

διὰ τὴν τ. τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου βασιλέως BGU1764.8

(i B. C.);

νὴ τὴν Καίσαρος τ. Arr. Epict.4.1.14

;

ὀμνύω τὴν.. Σεβαστοῦ τ. Sammelb.7440.19

(ii A. D.), cf. BGU1583.23 (ii A. D.); of officials, e.g. the

ἐπιστράτηγος, ἐάν σου τῇ εὐμενεστάτῃ τύχῃ δόξῃ Sammelb.7361.21

(iii A. D.).

2 = Lat. Fortuna; Τ. Σωτήριος, = Fortuna Redux, Mon.Anc.Gr.6.7; Τ. Πρωτογένεια, = F. Primigenia, SIG1133 (Delos, ii B. C.).

3 position, station in life,

ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ τοιαύτῃ συμβεβίωκα τύχῃ.., σὺ δ' ὁ σεμνὸς.. σκόπει.. ποίᾳ τινὶ κέχρησαι τύχῃ.. τὸ μέλαν τρίβων κτλ. D.18.258

;

πάσῃ τ. καὶ ἡλικίᾳ BCH15.184

, 198,204 ([place name] Panamara);

οἰκέτης τὴν τ. Ael.NA7.48

;

ἀμφίβολόν ἐστι πότερον ἡλικίας τοὔνομα ἢ τύχης Poll.3.76

;

οἱ δουλικὴν τ. εἰληχότες POxy.1186.5

(iv A. D.), cf. 1101.7,11,21,24 (iv A. D.), etc.; rank,

βουλευτικὴ τ. PLond.3.1015.1

,4 (vi A. D.), cf. Cod.Just. 1.3.52.1, 4.20.15.1, 9.5.2.

V Astrol. uses:

1 = Σελήνη, Vett. Val.126.15; ἀγαθὴ τ. the κλῆρος of the moon, Cat.Cod.Astr.4.81.

2 ἀγαθὴ and κακὴ τ. names of two of the twelve regions, Vett. Val.69.13,14.

VI Pythag. name for 7, Theol.Ar.44.

ὑπόλογ-ος, ον,

A held accountable or liable, Tab.Heracl.1.138, dub. in Lys.30.15. Adv. - γως responsibly, as a responsible person,

ὀμνύω POxy.87.14

(iv A. D.).

2 reckoned to one's account, either to one's credit or against one, οὐδέν σοι ὑ. τίθεμαι ἐάν .. Pl.Prt. 349c, cf. D.36.48;

οὐδὲ ἀδίκως τούτοις φημὶ ἂν εἶναι ὑ. τὴν ἐκείνων φυγήν Lys. 28.13

;

μηδὲν τὴν ἡμετέραν ἡλικίαν ὑ. ποιούμενος Pl.La. 189b

.

------------------------------------

ὑπόλογ-ος, ὁ,

A a taking into account, reckoning, account,

μηδένα ὑ. ποιεῖσθαί τινος D. 25.66

;

ἐν ὑπολόγῳ τὰς προκλήσεις ποιεῖσθαι Lys.4.18

; οὐχ ὑ. ποιεῖσθαί τινί τινος to give him no credit for.., Din.1.14;

εἰς ὑ. λαμβάνειν τι Ath.4.145f

;

οὐδεὶς ὑ. γίγνεταί τινι Din.Fr.6.12

; μὴ ἔστω ὑπόλογος τῇ πόλει τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον the city shall not take credit for this money, IG12(7).67 B14 (Amorgos, iv/iii B. C.).

2 deduction, μηθένα ὑ. ποιούμενος ἀβρόχου taking no account of, i. e. making no deduction for.., PHib.1.85.24 (iii B. C.).

3 what is deducted, in gen. sg. ὑπολόγου, subtract, minus, Wilcken Chr.385.36 (iii B. C.); ἀπὸ τῆς ἀναφερομένης.. ἐν ὑπολόγῳ γῆς, i. e. unproductive land, the rent which it ought to have produced being deducted from the general revenue, PTeb.10.4, al. (ii B. C.); ὑπόλογος κουρεῖ deduction for barber, PCair.Zen. 176.219 (iii B. C.), cf. 320.6 (iii B. C.); ἀνυπόλογα παντὸς ὑπολόγου free from any deduction, ib.371.7 (iii B. C.).

II the converse of πρόλογος, the consequent in a ratio in which the former number is the smaller, as 5 in 3/5, Nicom.Ar.1.19, Dam.Pr. 374; but simply the second-named term in a ratio, Mich. in EN16.14.

ὑποστέλλω,

A draw in, contract, ὑπέστειλ' ἱστίον made him furl his sail, Pi.I.2.40, cf. Arist.Mech. 851b10 ([voice] Med.); ὑ. τὴν οὐράν tuck down the tail, of dogs, Ammon.Diff.p.27 V.; τοῖς δακτύλοις ὑπεσταλμένοις with closed fingers, Aristaenet.1.10;

γαστὴρ ὑπεσταλμένη Philostr. Gym.34

.

2 reduce, in [voice] Pass., to be reduced, ὑποστέλλεται τὸ πλῆθος (sc. τῆς καθάρσεως) Sor.1.22; to be limited,

τῷ λεχθέντι ἀριθμῷ Ph.1.29

.

3 draw back for shelter,

ὑπὸ βουνόν τινα τοὺς ἱππεῖς Plb.11.21.2

, cf. Plu.Crass.23,26; ὑ. ἑαυτόν shelter oneself behind, τινι or ὑπό τι, Id.Arat.47, Plb.7.17.1; with ἑαυτόν omitted, Id.6.40.14, etc.: metaph.,

ἑαυτόν Ep.Gal.2.12

, cf. Hld.7.26.

b cover, τᾷδ' ὑπεστάλη κόνει (in a dog's epitaph) PCair.Zen.532.24 (iii B. C.).

4 intr., to be reduced in size, Callix.1; to be subordinate,

οὐδενὶ ἑτέρῳ S.E.M.8.32

, cf. Ph.2.335, 357.

5 draw back, φασὶ τοὺς θορυβώδεις καὶ προυνίκους ὑποστέλλειν αὐτοῦ τῇ παρόδῳ drew back to let him pass, D.L.4.6; of troops,

ὑπεσταλκότες

a little in the rear,

Ael.Tact.19.7

; ἔχειν ὑπεσταλκότας ταῖς ῥαξὶν τοὺς ὄνυχας have the nails not projecting beyond the finger-tips, Sor.1.3, cf. 18.

6 take away, remove, in [voice] Pass., A.D. Adv.203.22; to be excepted, Id.Pron.30.8, al.

7 belong, c. dat., POxy.486.22 (ii A. D.), 1502v.3 (iii A. D.), PFlor.47.8,29 (iii A. D.);

τῇ συγγραφοδιαθήκῃ POxy.1102.14

(ii A. D.); τῷ νυνὶ ἀμφοδογραμματεῖ, i.e. fall within his authority, ib.2131.13 (iii A. D.); to be subjected,

ποιναῖς πρός τινος Lyd.Mag.3.70

.

II in [voice] Med., place restrictions on oneself or another, reduce diet, Hp.Aph.1.11: c. gen., abstain from,

τῆς τροφῆς Arist.Pr. 864b36

;

ὀπώρας Aret.CA1.1

.

2 avoid,

χειμῶνα Hp.Aph.4.6

; shrink from,

οὐδένα.. κίνδυνον SIG 442.10

(Erythrae, iii B. C.), cf. IG12(8).53.6 (Imbros, ii B. C.);

τι τῶν ἀγαθῶν πρὸς τὸ μὴ εἶναι αὐτῷ Arist.MM 1208a1

; ὁ μηδὲν ὑποστειλάμενος πρὸς ὕβριν one who has stuck at nothing, D.21.70.

3 shrink before, hold in undue awe,

τὴν Δημάδου δύναμιν Din.1.11

;

οὐ γὰρ μὴ ὑποστείληταί σε LXX Ex.23.21

, cf. De.1.17, Wi.6.7; ὑποστείλασθαί τι δεῖ πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον ὑμᾶς καὶ αἰσχυνθῆναι; need you hold back.. ? Din.3.13: abs., Ael.NA7.19; draw back, Ep.Hebr.10.38.

4 ὑποστέλλεσθαι λόγῳ place restrictions on oneself in speech, E.Or. 607 (only here in Trag.); without λόγῳ, refrain from saying,

οὐ μὴν οἶμαι δεῖν.. ὑποστείλασθαι περὶ ὧν ὑμῖν συμφέρειν ἡγοῦμαι D.1.16

;

οὐδὲν ὑπεστειλάμην τῶν συμφερόντων τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι ὑμῖν Act.Ap.20.20

, cf. 27;

οὔτε μέγα οὔτε μικρὸν ἀποκρυψάμενος.. οὐδ' ὑποστειλάμενος Pl.Ap. 24a

; οὐδὲν or μηδὲν ὑποστειλάμενος with no reserve, Isoc.6.89, 8.41, 9.39, D.4.51; make reservations, Phld.Rh.1.109, 110 S.;

ὀμνύω μὴ ὑπεστάλθαι POxy.246.26

(i A. D.); περὶ τῶν μόσχων, .. οὗ ἕνεκεν ὑπεσταλμένοι εἰσίν dub. sens. in PCair.Zen.412.24 (iii B. C.).

5 = διαλανθάνω, delitesco, Gloss.; so perh. in Gal.7.646.

πρός prep. expressing direction ‘on the side of’, ‘in the direction of’: w. gen. ‘from’, dat. ‘at’, or acc. (the most freq. usage in our lit.) ‘to’ (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά. beg.) (Hom.+).

① w. gen. (pseudepigr. only TestSol 10:4 C; apolog. exc. Ar.) marker of direction or aspect from which someth. is determined, to the advantage of, advantageous for (Thu. 3, 59, 1 οὐ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης τάδε; Hdt. 1, 75; Dionys. Hal. 10, 30, 5; Diod S 18, 50, 5; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 3; Mel., HE 4, 26, 8; Ath. 36, 1; B-D-F §240; Rob. 623f) οἱ πρ. ζωῆς μαζοί the life-giving breasts 1 Cl 20:10. πρ. τῆς σωτηρίας in the interest of safety Ac 27:34 (πρὸς τῆς ς. as Jos., Ant. 16, 313).

② w. dat. (pesudepigr. only TestSol 6:4 D; TestAbr [s. below]; JosAs 19:1.—Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 10) marker of closeness of relation or proximity

ⓐ of place near, at, by (Hom. et al. incl. Aristarch. Samos 398, 20; LXX; TestSol 6:4 D; Jos., Ant 8, 349; 381) Mk 5:11; around Rv 1:13. πρ. τῇ θύρᾳ ἑστηκέναι stand at the door (Menand., Fgm. 420, 1; 830 K.=352, 1; 644 Kö.; JosAs 19:1) J 18:16; cp. 20:11. πρὸς τῇ πύλῃ GJs 4:4; ἐγγίζοντος αὐτοῦ πρ. τῇ καταβάσει τοῦ ὄρους when he came close to the slope of the mountain Lk 19:37 (s. κατάβασις). πρ. τῇ κεφαλῇ, τοῖς ποσίν at the head, at the feet J 20:12. τὰ πρ. ταῖς ῥίζαις the parts near the roots Hs 9, 1, 6; 9, 21, 1. In geographical designations Μαγνησία ἡ πρ. Μαιάνδρῳ Magnesia on the Maeander IMagnMai ins.—(Cp. the temporal use: πρὸς ἑσπέρᾳ ἐστίν it takes place at evening TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 7 [Stone p. 60]; cp. Just., D. 105, 3 and 5; 142, 1.)

ⓑ in addition to (Hom. et al.; Polyb., Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 10; ins) πρὸς τούτοις (SIG 495, 105; 685, 70 and 100; 796 B, 30; 888, 35 al.; UPZ 26, 18; 25 [163 B.C.]; 2 Macc 4:9; 5:23; 9:17, 25; 14:4, esp. 12:2; Philo, Aet. M. 67 al.; Just., A I, 40, 5; D. 93, 4 al.) 1 Cl 17:1.

③ w. acc. (pseudepigr. and apolog. throughout) marker of movement or orientation toward someone/someth.

ⓐ of place, pers., or thing toward, towards, to, after verbs

α. of going; s. ἄγω 5, ἀναβαίνω 1aα, ἀνακάμπτω 1a, ἀπέρχομαι 1b, διαβαίνω, διαπεράω, εἴσειμι, εἰσέρχομαι 1bα, ἐκπορεύομαι 1c, also ἐπισυνάγομαι Mk 1:33, ἔρχομαι 1aβ, ἥκω 1d et al.—προσαγωγὴ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Eph 2:18. εἴσοδος 1 Th 1:9a.

β. of sending; s. ἀναπέμπω Lk 23:7, 15; Ac 25:21, ἀποστέλλω 1bα, πέμπω.

γ. of motion gener.; s. βληθῆναι (βάλλω 1b), ἐπιστρέφω 1a, 4ab, κεῖμαι 2, πίπτω 1bαא and ב, προσκολλάω, προσκόπτω 1, προσπίπτω.

δ. of leading, guiding; s. ἄγω 1a, ἀπάγω 2a and 4, also ἕλκω 2 end J 12:32, κατασύρω, etc.

ε. of saying, speaking; s. ἀποκρίνομαι 1, also δημηγορέω Ac 12:21, εἶπον 1a, λαλέω 2aγ and 2b, λέγω 1bγ et al. Hebraistically λαλεῖν στόμα πρὸς στόμα speak face to face (Jer 39:4; ApcEsdr 6:6 p. 31, 10 Tdf.) 2J 12b; 3J 14 (cp. PGM 1, 39 τὸ στόμα πρὸς τὸ στόμα). πρὸς ἀλλήλους to one another, with each other, among themselves: s. ἀντιβάλλω, διαλαλέω, also διαλέγομαι Mk 9:34, διαλογίζομαι 8:16; Lk 20:14, εἶπον 24:32; J 16:17; 19:24, λαλέω, λέγω et al. πρὸς ἑαυτούς to themselves, to each other: s. διαλογίζομαι 1; εἶπον Mk 12:7; J 7:35; λέγω (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 15, 7 πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν; Just., D. 62, 2) Mk 10:26; 16:3. διαθήκην ὁ θεὸς διέθετο πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν, λέγων πρὸς Ἀβραάμ God made a covenant with your fathers, when he said to Abraham Ac 3:25 (διατίθημι 1). ὅρκον ὀμνύναι πρ. τινα (ὀμνύω, end) Lk 1:73.

ζ. of asking, praying δέομαι Ac 8:24. εὔχομαι (s. εὔχομαι 1; cp. 2 Macc 9:13) 2 Cor 13:7. προσεύχομαι (cp. 1 Km 12:19; 2 Esdr 12: 4; 2 Macc 2:10) Hv 1, 1, 9. γνωρίζεσθαι πρὸς τὸν θεόν Phil 4:6 (γνωρίζω 1).—Also after nouns like δέησις, λόγος et al. Ro 10:1; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:18 al.

ⓑ of time near, at, or during (a certain time)

α. denoting approach toward (X., Pla. et al.) πρὸς ἑσπέραν toward evening Lk 24:29 (so Just., D. 97, 1; s. ἑσπέρα).

β. of temporal duration for πρὸς καιρόν for a time, for a while (καιρός 1a) Lk 8:13; 1 Cor 7:5. πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας (καιρός 1a) 1 Th 2:17. πρὸς ὥραν for an hour, i.e. for a short time J 5:35; 2 Cor 7:8; Gal 2:5a; Phlm 15; MPol 11:2. πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμέρας Hb 12:10. Also πρὸς ὀλίγον Js 4:14; GJs 19:2 (ὀλίγος 3). πρὸς τὸ παρόν for the present Hb 12:11 (πάρειμι 1b).

ⓒ of goal (aiming) at or (striving) toward

α. with conscious purpose for, for the purpose of, on behalf of οὗτος ἦν ὁ πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην καθήμενος this was the one who sat (and begged) for alms Ac 3:10. πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ Ro 3:26. τοῦτο πρὸς τὸ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν σύμφορον λέγω 1 Cor 7:35a; cp. 35b. ἐγράφη πρὸς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν 10:11. Cp. Ro 15:2; 1 Cor 6:5; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:3; 11:8; Eph 4:12.—W. acc. of the inf. (Polyb. 1, 48, 5; PRyl 69, 16; BGU 226, 22; Jer 34:10; 2 Macc 4:45; TestJob 45:4; Jos., Ant. 14, 170; 15, 148 al.; Just., D. 132, 1) πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις in order to be seen by men Mt 23:5; cp. 6:1. πρὸς τὸ κατακαῦσαι αὐτά 13:30. πρὸς τὸ ἐνταφιάσαι με 26:12. πρὸς τὸ ἀποπλανᾶν εἰ δυνατὸν τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς Mk 13:22. πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἀτενίσαι υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ 2 Cor 3:13. Cp. Eph 6:11a; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8; Js 3:3 v.l.

β. gener. of design, destiny (Demetr.[?]: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac. πρὸς τὴν κάρπωσιν; TestJob 42:7 τὰ πρὸς θυσίαν; Jos., Bell. 4, 573 τὸ πρ. σωτηρίαν φάρμακον) τῷ θεῷ πρὸς δόξαν for the glory of God 2 Cor 1:20 (on πρὸς δόξαν cp. SIG 456, 15; 704e, 21; 3 Macc 2:9; Just., A I, 15, 10 μηδὲν πρὸς δόξαν ποιεῖν). τῇ πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ 1 Pt 4:12.—After adjectives and participles for ἀγαθὸς πρὸς οἰκοδομήν Eph 4:29 (ἀγ. 1a) ἀδόκιμος Tit 1:16. ἀνεύθετος πρὸς παραχειμασίαν Ac 27:12. γεγυμνασμένος Hb 5:14. δυνατός 2 Cor 10:4. ἐξηρτισμένος 2 Ti 3:17. ἕτοιμος (q.v. b) Tit 3:1; 1 Pt 3:15. ἱκανός (q.v. 2) 2 Cor 2:16. ὠφέλιμος 1 Ti 4:8ab; 2 Ti 3:16.

γ. of the result that follows a set of circumstances (so that) πάντα πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν γινέσθω everything is to be done in such a way that it contributes to edification 1 Cor 14:26; cp. vs. 12; Col 2:23 (but see eδ below); 1 Ti 4:7. ὁ βλέπων γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτήν one who looks at a woman with sinful desire Mt 5:28, but s. eε below. λευκαί εἰσιν πρὸς θερισμόν they (the fields) are white, so that the harvest may begin J 4:35. αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστιν πρὸς θάνατον this disease is not of the kind that will lead to death 11:4. Cp. ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον 1J 5:16f.

ⓓ of relationship (hostile or friendly), against, for

α. hostile against, with after verbs of disputing, etc.; s. ἀνταγωνίζομαι, γογγύζω, διακρίνομαι (διακρίνω 5b), διαλέγομαι 1, πικραίνομαι (πικραίνω 2), στασιάζω, ἔστην (ἵστημι B3). ἐστίν τινι ἡ πάλη πρός Eph 6:12. ἔχειν τι πρός τινα have anything (to bring up) against someone Ac 24:19. μομφὴν ἔχειν πρός τινα Col 3:13. πρᾶγμα ἔχειν πρός τινα 1 Cor 6:1 (πρᾶγμα 4). ἐγένετο γογγυσμὸς τῶν Ἑλληνιστῶν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑβραίους Ac 6:1. τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς 2 Cor 6:11 (ἀνοίγω 7). ἐν ἔχθρᾳ ὄντες πρὸς αὐτούς Lk 23:12. βλασφημίαι πρὸς τὸν θεόν Rv 13:6 (cp. TestJob 25:10 εἰπὲ ἓν ῥῆμα πρὸς τὸν θεόν). ἀσύμφωνοι πρ. ἀλλήλους unable to agree among themselves Ac 28:25 (Tat. 25, 2); cp. the structure of Col 2:23.

β. friendly to, toward, with, before ἐργάζεσθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν Gal 6:10ab (ἐργάζομαι 2a). μακροθυμεῖν 1 Th 5:14. εἰρήνην ἔχειν πρὸ τὸν θεόν Ro 5:1 (s. εἰρήνη 2b). παρρησίαν ἔχειν πρὸς τ. θεόν 1J 3:21; cp. 5:14. πίστιν ἔχειν πρὸς τ. κύριον Ἰ. Phlm 5. πεποίθησιν ἔχειν πρὸς τ. θεόν 2 Cor 3:4. ἔχειν χάριν πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν Ac 2:47 (FCheetham, ET 74, ’63, 214f). πραΰτητα ἐνδείκνυσθαι Tit 3:2. ἐν σοφίᾳ περιπατεῖν Col 4:5. ἤπιον εἶναι πρὸς πάντας 2 Ti 2:24.—After substantives: πίστις 1 Th 1:8 (cp. 4 Macc 15:24; Just., D. 121, 2); παρρησία 2 Cor 7:4; κοινωνία 6:14; συμφώνησις vs. 15 (cp. Is 7:2).

ⓔ to indicate a connection by marking a point of reference, with reference/regard to

α. with reference to (Ocellus Luc. c. 42 πρὸς ἡμᾶς=with reference to us) ἔγνωσαν ὅτι πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν εἶπεν they recognized that he had spoken the parable with reference to them Mk 12:12; Lk 20:19; cp. 12:41 (Vita Aesopi cod. G 98 P. οἱ Σάμιοι νοήσαντες πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς εἰρῆσθαι τοὺς λόγους; Just., D. 122, 3 ταῦτα … πρὸς τὸν χριστὸν … εἴρηται). ἔλεγεν παραβολὴν πρὸς τὸ δεῖν προσεύχεσθαι he told them a parable about the need of praying 18:1 (Just., D. 90, 5 σύμβολον … πρὸς τὸν χριστόν). οὐδεὶς ἔγνω πρὸς τί εἶπεν αὐτῷ nobody understood with respect to what (= why) he said (this) to him J 13:28. πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν with reference to (i.e. because of) your perversity Mt 19:8; Mk 10:5 (Just., D. 45, 3). Cp. Ro 10:21a; Hb 1:7f. οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ πρὸς οὐδὲ ἓν ῥῆμα he did not answer him a single word with reference to anything Mt 27:14 (s. ἀποκρίνομαι 1). ἀνταποκριθῆναι πρὸς ταῦτα Lk 14:6 (s. ἀνταποκρίνομαι). ἀπρόσκοπον συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν θεόν have a clear conscience with respect to God Ac 24:16.

β. as far as … is concerned, with regard to (Maximus Tyr. 31, 3b) πρὸς τὴν πληροφορίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος Hb 6:11. συνιστάνοντες ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς πᾶσαν συνείδησιν ἀνθρώπων we are recommending ourselves as far as every human conscience is concerned = to every human conscience (πρός w. acc. also stands simply for the dative; s. Mayser II/2 p. 359) 2 Cor 4:2. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν that which concerns God or as adverbial acc. with reference to what concerns God (Soph., Phil. 1441; X., De Rep. Lac. 13, 11; Ps.-Isocr. 1, 13 εὐσεβεῖν τὰ πρὸς τ. θεούς; SIG 204, 51f; 306, 38; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 109, 3 εὐσεβὴς τὰ πρὸς θεούς; Ex 4:16; 18:19; Jos., Ant. 9, 236) Ro 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1. τὰ πρός τι that which belongs to someth.; that which is necessary for someth. (Plut., Mor. 109b; Jos., Ant. 12, 405 τὰ πρὸς τὴν μάχην; 14, 27; a standard term in state documents) τὰ πρὸς ἀπαρτισμόν Lk 14:28 v.l. τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην (TestJud 9) vs. 32; what makes for peace 19:42. Cp. Ac 28:10; 2 Pt 1:3.

γ. elliptically τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς (sc. ἐστιν); what is that to us? Mt 27:4. τί πρὸς σέ; how does it concern you? J 21:22f (cp. Epict. 4, 1, 10 τί τοῦτο πρὸς σέ; Plut., Mor. 986b; Vi. Aesopi I 14 p. 265, 4 Eberh. τί πρὸς ἐμέ; ApcMos 11 οὐ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἡ πλεονεξία σου).

δ. in accordance with ὀρθοποδεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν Gal 2:14. πρὸς τὸ κένωμα in accordance with the emptiness Hm 11:3. πρὸς τὸ θέλημα in accordance w. the will Lk 12:47; Hs 9, 5, 2. πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν 2 Cor 5:10. πρὸς ὅ Eph 3:4.—In comparison with, to be compared to (Pind., Hdt. et al.; Ps.-Luc., Halc. 3 πρὸς τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα=[life is short] in comparison to all eternity; Sir 25:19; TestJob 18:8; 23:8; Just., D. 19, 2 οὐδὲν … πρὸς τὸ βάπτισμα τοῦτο τὸ τῆς ζωῆς ἐστι; Tat. 29, 1 ὀρθοποδεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν) ἄξια πρός Ro 8:18 (RLeaney, ET 64, ’52f; 92 interprets Col 2:23 in the light of this usage). Cp. IMg 12.

ε. expressing purpose πρὸς τό w. inf. (s. Mayser II/1 p. 331f) in order to, for the purpose of Mk 13:22; Ac 3:19 v.l. Perh. Mt 5:28 (s. cγ above).

ⓕ in adverbial expressions (cp. πρὸς ὀργήν = ὀργίλως Soph., Elect. 369; Jos., Bell. 2, 534. πρὸς βίαν = βιαίως Aeschyl., Prom. 208, 353, Eum. 5; Menand., Sam. 559 S. [214 Kö.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 3. πρὸς ἡδονήν Jos., Ant. 7, 195; 12, 398; Just., A II, 3, 2 πρὸς χάριν καὶ ἡδονὴν τῶν πολλῶν) πρὸς φθόνον prob.=φθονερῶς jealously Js 4:5 (s. φθόνος, where the lit. is given). πρὸς εὐφρασίαν w. joy AcPl Ox 6, 9f (cp. Aa 1 p. 241, 1 ὑπερευφραινομένη).

ⓖ by, at, near πρός τινα εἶναι be (in company) with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; 9:19a; 14:49; Lk 9:41; J 1:1f; 1 Th 3:4; 2 Th 2:5; 3:10; 1J 1:2. διαμένειν Ac 10:48 D; Gal 2:5b. ἐπιμένειν 1:18; 1 Cor 16:7. παραμένειν 16:6 (v.l. κατα-). μένειν Ac 18:3 D. παρεῖναι 12:20; 2 Cor 11:9; Gal 4:18, 20; cp. παρουσία πρὸς ὑμᾶς Phil 1:26. παρεπιδημεῖν 1 Cl 1:2. ἐποίησεν τρεῖς μῆνας πρὸς τὴν Ἐλισάβεδ GJs 12:3. πρὸς σὲ ποιῶ τὸ πάσχα Mt 26:18b. Cp. also 2 Cor 1:12; 7:12; 12:21; 2 Th 3:1; Phlm 13; 1J 2:1; Hm 11:9b v.l.—πρὸς ἑαυτούς among or to themselves Mk 9:10 (in case πρὸς ἑ. belongs w. τὸν λόγον ἐκράτησαν; B-D-F §239, 1). πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο he uttered a prayer to himself Lk 18:11. Cp. 24:12.—δεδεμένον πρὸς θύραν tied at a door Mk 11:4. τὴν πᾶσαν σάρκα ἀνθρώπων πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἐδέσμευεν (Satan) bound all humankind to self-gratification AcPlCor 2:11. πρὸς τ. θάλασσαν by the seaside Mk 4:1b. On πρὸς τὸ φῶς at the fire Mk 14:54; Lk 22:56 s. B-D-F §239, 3; Rob. 625 (perh. w. the idea of turning toward the fire; s. also 4 Km 23:3). πρὸς ἓν τῶν ὀρέων at one of the mountains 1 Cl 10:7. τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν the place near the door Mk 2:2. πρὸς γράμμα letter by letter Hv 2, 1, 4.—On πρός τι terms s. PWouters, The Treatment of Relational Nouns in Ancient Grammar: Orbis 38, ’95, 149–78 (lit.). M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὁμοίως adv. of ὅμοιος (Pind., Hdt.+) pert. to being similar in some respect, likewise, so, similarly, in the same way Mk 4:16 v.l.; Lk 3:11; 10:37; 13:3, 5 v.l. (see ὡσαύτως) al. ὁμ. καί and so, so also Mt 22:26; 26:35; Mk 15:31; Lk 5:33; IPol 5:1. ὁμ. μέντοι καὶ in the same way, too Jd 8. ὁμ. δὲ καί (pap, EpArist; Jos., Bell. 2, 575, Ant. 14, 216) Lk 5:10; 10:32; 1 Cor 7:3f; Js 2:25. In Ro 1:27 the rdg. varies betw. ὁμ. τε καί and ὁμ. δὲ καί (v.l.). Sim. Mt 27:41 ὁμοίως καί (vv.ll. ὁμ. δὲ καί and simply ὁμ.).—καθὼς θέλετε …, ποιεῖτε ὁμοίως as you wish …, do so Lk 6:31. ὁμ. καθώς in the same way as 17:28. ὁμ. πάλιν similarly, again 12:1. W. the dat. foll. ὁμ. πλανᾶσθαι ἐκείνοις to go astray as they did 2:9. Somet. the idea of similarity can fade into the background so that ὁμ. means also (UPZ 70, 8 [152/151 B.C.] ὀμνύω, ὅτι ψευδῆ πάντα καὶ οἱ παρὰ σὲ θεοὶ ὁμοίως; 65, 8f ὁμ. καὶ Κότταβος, ὁμ. καὶ Χεντοσνεύς; TestJob 47:6 ἀφανεῖς ἐγένοντο … οἱ σκώληκες …, ὁμ. καὶ αἱ πληγαί; GrBar 9:3; Ath. 9, 2 [to introduce additional Scriptural evidence]) ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμ. ποιεῖ this the Son also does J 5:19; cp. 6:11; 21:13.—As a connective (Hierocles 26 p. 480 [ὁμοίως δὲ καί]; oft. pap); more than one ὅμ. in the same way … also (an edict of Augustus fr. Cyrenaica, SEG IX, 8, 108; 110 [lit.]=DocsAugTib 311) 1 Pt 3:1, 7. Cp. 5:5.—M-M. TW.

ὅρκος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+) oath Hb 6:16. ὅρκον ὀμνύειν swear an oath (Hyperid. 5, 1; Lucian, Dial. Mer. 2, 1; PHal 1, 226; 230 ὀμόσας τὸν ὅρκον) Js 5:12 (Delphic commands: SIG 1268 I, 8 [III B.C.] ὅρκῳ μὴ χρῶ). ὅρκῳ ὀμνύειν τινί swear to someone with an oath (TestJud 22:3; ApcMos 19) Ac 2:30. ὅρ. ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν πρὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 1:73 (cp. OGI 266, 19 ὅρκος ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν Παράνομος; for the foll. inf. w. the art. cp. Pel.-Leg. p. 13, 9 ἐν ὅρκῳ εἶχεν τοῦ μὴ γεύσασθαί τι). ὅρ. ψευδής a false oath (Theoph. Ant. 2, 34 [p. 186, 10]) 2:8 (Zech 8:17). ἀποδιδόναι τῷ κυρίῳ τοὺς ὅρκους perform oaths to the Lord Mt 5:33 (s. ἀποδίδωμι 2c. But ἀποδοῦναι τινι ὅρκον also means ‘give an oath’: Demosth. 19, 318; Aeschin. 3, 74; SIG 150, 15). μεσιτεύειν ὅρκῳ guarantee by means of an oath Hb 6:17. μεθʼ ὅρκου with an oath (PRev 42, 17 [258 B.C.] μεθʼ ὅρκου; Lev 5:4: Num 30:11; Cornutus 24 p. 46, 8 μεθʼ ὅρκων; Just., D. 33, 2) Mt 14:7; 26:72; 1 Cl 8:2.—Pl. ὅρκη, even when basically only one oath is involved (cp. X., Hell. 5, 4, 54; Diod S 4, 46, 4; 17, 84, 1; Polyaenus 2, 19; Athen. 13, 557a; 2 Macc 4:34; 7:24; 14:32; EpArist 126; Jos., Ant. 3, 272; 7, 294) διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους because of his oath Mt 14:9; Mk 6:26.—ESanders, Jewish Law fr. Jesus to the Mishnah ’90, 51–57, 337f (note). Lit. on ὀμνύω Kl. Pauly II, 209f.—B. 1438. DELG s.v. ὅρκος. M-M. TW. Sv.

ὅτι (Hom.+) conjunction (B-D-F §396f; 408; 416; 470, 1 al.; Rob. 1032–36, al. [s. index]; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évang. 1927, 41ff) originally the neuter of ὅστις.

① marker of narrative or discourse content, direct or indirect, that. Used after verbs that denote mental or sense perception, or the transmission of such perception, or an act of the mind, to indicate the content of what is said, etc.

ⓐ after verbs of saying, indicating, etc.: ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀποκρίνομαι, δείκνυμι, δῆλόν (ἐστιν), διδάσκω, εἶπον, ἐμφανίζω, λέγω, μαρτυρέω, ὁμολογέω, φημί etc.; s. the entries in question. Likew. after verbs of swearing, affirming and corresponding formulae: μαρτύρομαι Ac 20:26; Gal 5:3. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι 2 Cor 1:23. ὀμνύω Rv 10:6. Cp. the sim. exprs. πιστὸς ὁ θεός 2 Cor 1:18. ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 1:20.—2 Cor 11:10. Cp. also φάσις … ὅτι Ac 21:31. αἱ γραφαὶ ὅτι the Scriptures (which state) that Mt 26:54.—On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41.

ⓑ after verbs that denote sense perception ἀκούω, θεάομαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 1); s. these entries.

ⓒ after verbs that denote mental perception ἀγνοέω, ἀναγινώσκω, βλέπω (perceive), γινώσκω, γνωστόν ἐστιν, ἐπιγινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 2a), καταλαμβάνω, μιμνῄσκομαι, μνημονεύω, νοέω, οἶδα, ὁράω (q.v. A4a), συνίημι, ὑπομιμνῄσκω; s. these entries. In Gal 1:11 ὅτι comes later in the sentence so as to permit the emphatic portion of the subordinate clause to come to the forefront.

ⓓ after verbs of thinking, judging, believing, hoping: δοκέω (q.v. 1d), ἐλπίζω (q.v. 2), κρίνω, λογίζομαι, νομίζω (q.v. 2), οἶμαι, πέπεισμαι, πέποιθα, πιστεύω (q.v. 1aβ), ὑπολαμβάνω; s. these entries. εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they held that John was a prophet Mk 11:32 (s. B-D-F §330; 397, 2; Rob. 1029; 1034).

ⓔ after verbs that denote an emotion and its expression ἀγανακτέω, ἐξομολογέομαι, ἐπαινέω, εὐχαριστέω, θαυμάζω, μέλει μοι, συγχαίρω, χαίρω, χάριν ἔχω τινί; s. these entries.

ⓕ Very oft. the subj. of the ὅτι-clause is drawn into the main clause, and becomes the object of the latter: ἐπεγίνωσκον αὐτοὺς ὅτι (=ὅτι αὐτοὶ) σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν Ac 4:13. οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι (=ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Σ.) ἐστὶν ἀπαρχή 1 Cor 16:15. Cp. Mt 25:24; Mk 12:34; J 8:54; 9:8; Ac 3:10; 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11); 1 Th 2:1; Rv 17:8. Somet. the subj. is repeated by a demonstrative pron. in the ὅτι-clause: ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 9:20.—Pass. εἰ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται (=εἰ κηρύσσεται ὅτι Χρ. ἐκ νεκ. ἐγ.) 1 Cor 15:12.

② marker of explanatory clauses, that

ⓐ as a substitute for the epexegetical inf. (acc. w. inf.) after a preceding demonstrative (B-D-F §394; cp. Rob. 1034) αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν the judgment consists in this, that the light has come J 3:19. ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία …, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν 1J 1:5. Cp. 3:16; 4:9, 10. ἐν τούτῳ …, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν vs. 13; 5:11. περὶ τούτου … ὅτι about this …, that J 16:19. In ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι … Rv 2:4, ὅτι is epexegetical to a τοῦτο that remains unexpressed. Cp. vs. 6. Of the same order is the use

ⓑ in ellipses τί ὅτι; what (is it) that? why? Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Mk 2:16 v.l. (JosAs 16:5).—οὐχ ὅτι (=οὐ λέγω ὅτι) not that, not as if J 6:46; 7:22; 2 Cor 1:24; 3:5; Phil 3:12; 4:11; 2Th 3:9 (so μὴ ὅτι PLond I 42, 43 p. 30 [II B.C.]). ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὅτι since it is not the case that IMg 3:2.—οὐχ οἷον ὅτι Ro 9:6 (s. οἷος).—ὅτι alone is used for εἰς ἐκεῖνο ὅτι with regard to the fact that, in consideration of the fact that (Gen 40:15; Ruth 2:13) ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος ὅτι; what sort of person is this, (in consideration of the fact) that? Mt 8:27 (but it is prob. that in this and sim. passages the causal force of ὅτι [s. 4 below] comes to the fore). τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὅτι; Lk 4:36. Cp. 16:3; Mk 4:41; J 2:18; 8:22; 9:17; 11:47; 16:9–11.—ὅτι = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι in that Ro 5:8. ὅτι = περὶ τούτου ὅτι concerning this, that Mt 16:8; Mk 8:17.—On ὅτι=why? (cp. Jos. Ant. 12, 213) Mk 9:11, 28 s. ὅστις 4b.

③ marker introducing direct discourse. In this case it is not to be rendered into English, but to be represented by quotation marks (ὅτι recitativum.—B-D-F §397, 5; 470, 1; EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 21ff; Rob. 1027f. As early as Pla. [Apol. 23, 34 d.—Kühner-G. II, 366f]; Epict. 1, 9, 16; Arrian, Alex. An. 2, 12, 4; 2, 26, 4; 4, 8, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 38 p. 40; POxy 744, 11 [1 B.C.]; 119, 10; 1064, 5; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 10 [Stone p. 18]; TestJob 6:7; 35:1; 36:3; ParJer 1:6; 2:7; ApcEsdr; AscIs 3:9; Jos. Ant. 11, 5; 18, 326, Vi. 55) ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ‘βλασφημεῖς’ ὅτι εἶπον J 10:36. ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι ‘οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς’ Mt 7:23. So after var. verbs of saying as direct discourse: Mt 26:72–75; 27:43; Mk 1:37; 2:16; 5:28; 12:29; 13:6 (JSundwall, Om bruket av ὅτι recit. i Mk: Eranos 31, ’33, 73–81; MZerwick, Untersuchgen z. Mk-Stil ’37, 39–48); Lk 1:25, 61 (PWinter, HTR 48, ’55, 213–16); 4:41a; 5:26; 15:27a; J 1:20, 32; 4:17; 6:42; 16:17; Ac 5:23; 15:1; Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §470, 1; Rob. 1033; AFridrichsen, ZNW 34, ’35, 306–8); 2 Th 3:10; 1J 4:20 al. Scripture quotations are also introduced in this way (Appian, Bell. Civ. 62 §260 a saying of Caesar in direct discourse is introduced by ὅτι): Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ‘ἐάν τινος κτλ.’ Mk 12:19.—Mt 2:23; 21:16; Lk 2:23; J 10:34; Ro 8:36; 1 Cor 14:21; Hb 11:18.—On ὅτι foll. by the acc. and inf. in direct discourse Lk 4:43 s. 5a below.

④ marker of causality

ⓐ subordinating, because, since ὅτι ἑώρακάς με, πεπίστευκας J 20:29.—Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15); 5:3ff; 13:16; Mk 1:34; 5:9; Lk 4:41b; 6:20ff; 8:30; 10:13; 11:42ff; 13:2b; 15:27b; perh. 18:9 (TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 309); 19:17; J 1:30, 50a; 2:25; 3:18; 5:27; 9:16, 22; Ro 6:15; 1 Cor 12:15f. On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41 (opposes causal mng.).—Used w. demonstr. and interrog. pronouns διὰ τοῦτο … ὅτι for this reason …, (namely) that J 8:47; 10:17; 12:39; 1J 3:1 al. διὰ τί; ὅτι … why? because … Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. χάριν τίνος; ὅτι … for what reason? because … 1J 3:12. Foll. by διὰ τοῦτο because … for this reason J 15:19. οὐχ ὅτι … ἀλλʼ ὅτι not because … but because 6:26; 12:6.

ⓑ The subordination is oft. so loose that the transl. for recommends itself (B-D-F §456, 1; Rob. 962f). Naturally the line betw. the two groups cannot be drawn with certainty: Mt 7:13; 11:29; Lk 7:47 (on this pass. and 1J 3:14 s. Schwyzer II 646, w. ref. to Il. 16, 34f: ‘infer this from the fact that’); 9:12; 13:31; 16:24; J 1:16f; 9:16; 1 Cor 1:25; 4:9; 10:17; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:8, 14; 1J 3:14.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 70ff.

⑤ special uses

ⓐ ὅτι w. acc. and inf. after θεωρεῖν Ac 27:10 (on the mingling of constructions cp. POxy 237 V, 8 δηλῶν ὅτι … δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα; EpArist 125; schol. on Clem. of Alex., Protr. p. 296, 11f Stäh.—B-D-F §397, 6; Rob. 1036; Rdm.² 195; MArnim, De Philonis Byzantii dicendi genere, diss. Greifs-wald 1912, 88 [but s. on this Rdm.² 196, 1]). Less irregular is καὶ ὅτι w. a finite verb as the second member dependent on παρακαλεῖν after the inf. ἐμμένειν Ac 14:22.—S. also c, below and HCadbury, JBL 48, 1929, 412–25.

ⓑ ὡς ὅτι is found three times in Pauline letters and simply means ‘that’ in the later vernacular (exx. in Mlt. 212; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1033). But the subjective mng. of ὡς must be conceded for the NT, since the Vulgate renders ὡς ὅτι twice w. ‘quasi’ (2 Cor 11:21; 2 Th 2:2) and the third time (2 Cor 5:19) w. ‘quoniam quidem’: διʼ ἐπιστολῆς …, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου by a letter … (of such content) that (in the opinion of its writer) the day of the Lord is (now) here 2 Th 2:2. Paul says ironically: κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω, ὡς ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠσθενήκαμεν I must confess to my shame that we have conducted ourselves as weaklings (as I must concede when I compare my conduct w. the violent treatment you have had fr. others [vs. 20]) 2 Cor 11:21 (for the thought cp. Demosth. 18, 320: ‘I confess it. I am weak, but all the more loyal than you [Aeschines] to my fellow citizens’). Likew. 5:19; we are a new creation in Christ (vs. 17). This does not alter the fact that everything has its origin in God, who reconciled us w. himself through Christ (vs. 18), ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ that is (acc. to Paul’s own conviction), (that) it was God who was reconciling the world to himself in Christ.

ⓒ consecutive ὅτι so that (Pel.-Leg. p. 20 τί διδοῖς τοῖς ἀμνοῖς σου ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχουσιν;=what do you give your sheep so that they have eternal life? Acta Christophori p. 68, 18 Usener τοιοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἐκινήθησαν. Gen 20:9; Judg 14:3; 1 Km 20:1; 3 Km 18:9) ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐχ εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν; J 7:35. τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; what has happened, so that (=to bring it about that) …? 14:22 (so Rob. 1001; difft. Rdm.² 196 and B-D-F §480, 6). This is prob. also the place for οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα we have brought nothing into the world, so that (as a result) we can take nothing out of it 1 Ti 6:7. τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ; Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5).—DELG. M-M.