ἔπτηχα

     ἔπτηχα

    Isocr. pf. к πτήσσω См. πτησσω

πτήσσω

scare: perf ind act 1st sg

πτήσσω

scare: perf ind act 1st sg

ἐπτήχᾱσιν, πτήσσω

scare: perf ind act 3rd pl

ἐπτήχᾱσιν, πτήσσω

scare: perf ind act 3rd pl

πτήσσω (never [suff] πτήν-ττω), Ar.V. 1490, X.Cyr.3.3.18: [tense] fut.

A

πτήξω AP 12.141

codd. (Mel.): [tense] aor.

ἔπτηξα E.HF 974

, etc., [dialect] Dor.

ἔπταξα Pi.P. 4.57

, [dialect] Ep.

πτῆξα Il.14.40

: [tense] aor. 2 ἔπτᾰκον in compd.

καταπτακών A.Eu. 252

; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3 dual

καταπτήτην Il.8.136

: [tense] pf.

ἔπτηχα Isoc.5.58

, ([etym.] κατ-) Lycurg.40, D.4.8; later ἔπτηκα ([etym.] κατ-) Them.Or.24.309b; [dialect] Ep.part. πεπτηώς, ῶτος (v.infr.11.2).

I Causal, scare, alarm,

πτῆξε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν Il.14.40

;

ἐχθροὺς πτῆξαι Thgn.1015

.

II intr., crouch or cower for fear, of animals,

ἅπερ πτηνῶν ἀγέλαι τάχ' ἂν σιγῇ πτήξειαν ἄφωνοι S.Aj. 171

(anap.);

πτήξας δέμας παρεῖχε A.Pers. 209

; [

πῶλος] π. αἰσχύνῃσιν S.Fr.659.9

, cf. Ar.Av. 777; of human beings,

ἔπταξαν ἀκίνητοι σιωπᾷ Pi.P.4.57

; ὑπὸ φόβῳ π. E.Ba. 1035 (lyr.);

πτῆξαι ταπεινήν Id.Andr. 165

;

π. θυμόν S.OC 1466

(lyr.); κακῶς πάσχων π. Pl.Smp. 184b;

δοκεῖ μοι τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀνδρὸς εἶναι καὶ εὐτυχοῦντα ἐξυβρίσαι καὶ πταίσαντα.. πτῆξαι X.Cyr.3.1.26

; ἐκποδὼν π. Ar.Th.36: with Preps.,

π. ἐν μυχοῖς πέτρας E.Cyc. 408

;

εἰς ἕνα χῶρον Ar.Lys. 770

; πόλις πρὸς πόλιν π. E.Supp. 269;

βωμὸν ὄρνις ὣς ἔπτηξ' ὕπο Id.HF 974

: c. acc. loci, βωμὸν π. Id. Ion 1280.

2 crouch, of men in ambush,

νῷν εἰς ἐρημίαν ὁδοῦ Id.Andr. 753

;

ὑπὸ τεύχεσι πεπτηῶτες Od.14.474

.

3 c. acc. rei, crouch for fear of..,

ἀπειλάς A.Pr. 175

(anap.);

φοβούμενοι πτήσσομεν αὐτούς X.Cyr.3.3.18

;

ταῖς διανοίαις μὴ πτήξαντες τὸν τῶν ἐπιόντων φόβον Lycurg.49

;

δόρυ Lyc.280

, IG14.1296: abs.,

ὁ λέων.. ὁρώμενος.. οὐδέποτε φεύγει οὐδὲ πτήσσει Arist. HA 629b13

.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to duck (for fright)'; aor. 1. rarely trans. `to frighten, to drive away' ([Ξ 40], Thgn.), (ΙΑ.; Schwyzer 716).

Other forms: also πτώσσω (ep. poet. Il.), Aeol. πτάζω (Alc.?), fut. πτήξω (Att.), aor. 1. πτῆξαι (Il.), Dor. πτᾶξαι (Pi. a.o.), aor. 2. ptc. κατα-πτᾰκών (A. Eu. 252), perf. ἔπτηχα (Att. etc.), ἔπτηκα (LXX [v. l. - χα], late); also ep. forms ptc. perf. πεπτηώς (Β 312, ξ 354 a.o.), aor. 3. du. κατα-πτήτην (Θ 136).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. κατα- and ὑπο-.

Derivatives: πτῆξις f. `fright' (LXX) and the expressive enlargement πτωσκάζω `to duck, to have fear' (Δ 372) after the close ἀλυσκάζω (: ἀλύσκω, ἀλύσσω), ἠλασκάζω; perh. from *πτώσκω; the v. l. πτωκάζω after πτώξ. Cf. Schwyzer 708, Chantraine Rev. de phil. 57, 125, Gramm. hom. 1, 338.

Origin: IE [Indo-European](X) [825] * pteh₂-k- `duck (away), shy'

Etymology: The presents πτήσσω (with πτῆξαι etc.), πτώσσω go back on *πτᾱκ-ι̯ω, *πτωκ-ι̯ω (\< * ptoh₂k-; Aeol. πτάζω is an innovation; Schwyzer 715); to this the zero grade πτᾰκ-ών. In nominal function we find these stems in πτώξ and (acc.) πτάκ-α; s. vv., also πτωχός. The formantic character of the velar appears from ep. πε-πτη-ώς, κατα-πτή-την, which form at the same time a bridge to πέ-πτω-κα, πτῶ-σις (s. πίπτω) and to πτᾰ́-σθαι (s. πέτομαι). Semant. this combination ('fall, sink down' \> `squat') seems not to provide a serious difficulty (diff. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 428). A further cognate is πτοέω, s. v. -- If the comparison with Arm. t`ak`-čim, t`ak`-eay `hide oneself' (Pedersen KZ 39, 342 f. w. n.) is correct, the velar enlargement is inherited. On Arm. s. Clackson 1994, 169f. -- WP. 2, 19f., Pok. 825; older lit. in Bq. -- So an IE * pteh₂-k-, with * ptoh₂-k-, is perhaps not impossible; but Hackstein ( Glotta 70, 1992) 136-165 rejects a root of this shape, and it is indeed remarkable. Note futher πτωχός and πτοέω, which are also rather strange. Photius gives πτεκάς πτάξ.

Page in Frisk: 2,613-614

Grammatical information: m. (f.)

Meaning: `beggar', also adj. `begging, poor' (Od.).

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. πτωχο-ποιός `drawing beggarly characters' (Ar.), `making beggars' (Plu.), ὑπέρ-πτωχος `very poor' (Arist.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 170 n. 3).

Derivatives: πτωχ-ικός `beggarly' (Att.; Chantraine Études 119), - εῖον n. `almshouse' ( Cod. Iust. a.o.), - εύω `to beg' (Od.) with - εία, Ion. - ηΐη f. `beggary' (IA.), - ίζω `to make a beggar' (LXX).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] * pteh₂-(k-) `duck away, shy'

Etymology: Velar fornation like πτώξ, πτώσσω (s. vv. and πτοέω) with popular-expressive aspiration, but withour direct agreement; cf. however, with combined ρ-suffix, the synonymous πενι-χρός (s. πένομαι). With the much later perf. ἔπτηχα (Schwyzer 458 a. 772) there is no direct connection.

Page in Frisk: 2,618