είδιον

εἴδιον· νενοτισμένον, ὑγρόν, Hsch. (Perh. for ἰδῖον, cf. ἰδίω.)

βᾰσιλ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of βασιλεύς,

A tiny king, Plu.Ages.2.

γλῠκ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of

A

γλυκύς 11

, BGU417.18 (ii/iii A. D.).

γραμμᾰτ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of γραμματεῖον,

A small tablet, Antipho 5.53, D.54.37, Thphr. Char.6.8, Plu.Brut.5, etc.;

γ. δίθυρον Men.327

; menu, Ath.2.49d; memorandum, Jul.ad Ath.277b. ( γραμματίδιον which is freq. found in codd., cf. PLips.111.5 (iv A. D.), is expl. as Dim. of γράμματα by Gramm., cf. Hdn.Gr.2.488.)

γρᾰφ-είδιον (or - ίδιον), τό, Dim. of sq., Isoc. ap. TheonProg.5, EM240.16, Suid.

θνησ-είδιον, τό,

A carcase of an animal, ἐσθίειν κενέβρειόν τε καὶ θ. Ael. NA6.2 (θν. preferred to κ. by Phryn.PS p.75 B.);

ἐσθῆτα ἀπὸ θνησειδίων φορεῖν Philostr.VA8.7.4

;

ἅψασθαι θνησειδίων Porph.Abst.4.16

, cf. D.L.8.33:—[dialect] Aeol. [full] θνᾱσίδιον Schwyzer633.14 (Eresus, ii/i B.C.).

κτησ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of κτῆσις, Arr.Epict.1.1.10;

A v.l. for συγκτησείδιον in Jul.Ep.4.

λυχν-εῖον, τό,

A lampstand, Pherecr.85, IG22.1425.368, 4.1588.3 ([place name] Aegina), 11(2).161 C77, al. (Delos, iii B. C.); stand for ballot-balls, Arist.Ath.68.4; cf. λυχνίον:—[var] Dim. [suff] λυχν-είδιον (-ίδιον [ῑ] codd.) Ar.Frr.14, 281, Crates Com. 3, Hermipp.62.

σκᾰφ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of sq. (not

A = σκαφίδιον), Hdn.Epim. 239, Suid.

τᾰμῐ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of sq., Suid., prob. in Men. Sam.18.

τριψ-είδιον, τό, sine expl., Zonar. (Perh. a spice.)

ἀμφορ-είδιον (not - ίδιον), τό, Dim. of ἀμφορεύς, Ar. Pax 202, al.

ἀντηρίς, ίδος, ἡ,

A prop, stay, support, E.Fr. 1111: pl., Plb.8.4.6; stanchion or strut in torsion-engines, Ph.Bel.76.16, Hero Bel.101.9;

ἀρκύων X.Cyn.10.7

; in Th.7.36 ἀντηρίδες are stay-beams fixed inside a ship's bow, and projecting beyond it, so as to support and strengthen the ἐπωτίδες.

ἁλῠσίδιον or [suff] ἀλῡπ-είδιον, τό, Dim. of ἅλυσις, Hero Spir.1.38, Ph.2.152, POxy.496.3 (ii A. D.), AB380.

ἐλεγ-ειδάριον, τό, Dim. of ἐλεγεῖον, Petron.109: also [suff] ἐλεγ-είδιον, τό, Pers.1.51.

ὀθον-είδιον, τό, Dim. of ὀθόνιον, POxy.1679.5 (iii A. D., pl.).

ὀξ-ίδιον, τό, Dim. of ὄξος, PCair.Zen.527.9 (iii B. C.): written - είδιον in Dieuch. ap. Orib.4.7.21, Suid.: pl.

A

ὀξείδια Sammelb. 4425 vii 20

(ii A. D.), BGU417.31 (ii/iii A. D.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to braid, to knit, to wind, to twine' (Il.).

Other forms: ( πλεγνύμενος Opp.), aor. πλέξαι (Il.), pass. πλεχθῆναι (Od.), πλακῆναι (IA.), innovation πλεκῆναι (Tim. Pers.), fut. πλέξω, pass. πλεχθήσομαι, πλακήσομαι, perf. πέπλοχα (Hp., Att.), also πέπλεχα (Hp.), - εκα (Call.), midd. pass. πέπλεγμαι (IA.),

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. περι-, ἐν(ι)-, συν-.

Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With ε-grade: 1. πλεκτός ( σύμ-, εὔ-πλέκω etc.) `braided, knit' (Il.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17). 2. πλεκτή f. `winding, knitwear, rope, fish trap' (A., E., Pl.; on the formation Frisk Eranos 43, 222). 3. πλεκτάνη f. `wattling, sling, winding' (IA.); enlargement of πλεκτή after δρεπάνη a.o. like βοτάνη to βοτόν (Schwyzer 490; cf. Benveniste Origines 108), with - άνιον (Eub.), - ανάομαι (A.), - ανόομαι (Hp.) `to be twined round'. 4. πλέγμα ( ἔμ-, σύμ-πλέκω a.o.) n. `plait, wattling a.o.' (IA.) with - μάτιον (Arist.), - ματεύεσθαι ἐμπλέκεσθαι H. 5. πλέκος n. `wattling, basketwork' (Ar.). 6. πλέξις ( περί-, ἔμ-, σύμ-πλέκω) f. `braiding, twining around etc.' (Pl., Arist.) with - είδιον (Suid.), ( περι-, συμ-)πλεκτικός `belonging to braiding etc.' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135). 7. πλέκτρα n. pl. `wattling' (Samos IV<sup>a</sup>). 8. πλέκωμα = δράγμα (sch.). 9. ἐμπλέκ-της, f. - τρια `braider (m\/f) of hair' ( Gloss., EM). 10. ( περι-, ἐμ-)πλέγδην `entwined, interwoven' (hell.). 11. ἀμφι-, περι-, συμ-πλεκ-ής `id.' (Nonn., Orph.; verbal adj. after the ς-stems) with περιπλέκ-εια f. (Jamb.). 12. Desider. πλεξείω (Hdn. Epim.). -- B. With ο-grade: 1. πλόκος m. `twine, lock, wreath, collar' (Pi., trag.); adj. διά-, σύμ-πλέκω (AP, Nonn.) from δια-, συμ-πλέκω; πλόκιον n. `necklace' (hell. inscr. a.o.), ἐμ-πλέκω `hair slide etc.' (hell.), also (pl.) = ἑορτη παρὰ Άθηναίοις H.; πλόκ-ιμος `suited for braiding' (Thphr.; Arbenz 20, Strömberg Theophrastea 171), διαπλόκ-ινος `braided' (Str.), περιπλοκ-άδην `in a close embrace' (AP); πλοκ-ίζομαι `to let one's hair be braided' (Hp.). 2. πλοκή f. (Epich., Arist.) `plait, fabric, intertwining, complication etc.', very often from the prefixcompp. ( περι-, ἐμ-, κατα-, συμ- etc.) in diff. senses (IA.). From πλοκή or πλόκος: πλοκάς f. `hair plait, lock' (Pherecr.; after γενειάς a.o.); πλοκεύς m. `hair braider' (Epich., Hp.; Bosshardt 47). 3. πλόκαμος m. `lock of hair' (ep. poet. Ξ176) with - ίς, - ῖδος f. `id.' (hell.); unbound from ἐυπλοκάμιδες ( Άχαιαί Od.) after ἐυκνήμιδες ( Άχαιοί): κνημίς (Leumann Hom. Wörter 122f.); πλόκαμα τὰ περιόστεα νεῦρα H., - ώδεα τὸν οὖλον βόστρυχον H. 4. πλόκανον n. `braiding, knitwear etc.' (Pl., X.); after ξόανον, ὄργανον etc. -- 5. πλοχμός, most pl. - οί m. `locks of hair' (P 52, A. R., AP), suffix - σμο-(Schwyzer 493); connection to the σ-stem in rare πλέκος (prob. innovation) not credible; note however the s-deriv. in the Germ. word for `flax', OHG flahs, OE fleax n. (PGm. * flahsa-).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [834] *pleḱ- `twine'

Etymology: The thematic root-present πλέκω, on which the whole system including the nouns can have been built (on the aorist πλέξαι Schwyzer 754; πλακῆναι etc. then analog. innovations), has outside Greek no exact correspondence. However, in Lat. an intensive deverbative in plicō, - āre `fold (together)' (for * plecō after the far more usual compp. ex-plicō etc.), partly in Lat., Germ., perh. also in Slav. a t-enlargement in Lat. plectō = Germ., e.g. OHG flehtan ' flechten', Slav., e.g. OCS pletǫ, plesti `συρράπτειν', Russ. pletú, plestí (-tь) `twine', also `lie, cut up'. An isolated verbal noun has been retained in Skt. praśnaḥ m. `turban, headband' (IE *ploḱ-no-s); on further possible representatives in Indo-Iran. Mayrhofer s. v. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 97f., Pok. 834f., W.-Hofmann s. 1. plectō and plicō, Ernout-Meillet s. plectō; Slav. forms in Vasmer s. pletú.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to pass through, to travel' (only ep.), `to finish, to accomplish, to do, to exact', intr. `to come to an end, to succeed, to act'.

Other forms: Att. - ττω, Cret. - δδω, ep. Ion. πρήσσω, fut. πράξω, Ion. - ήξή, aor. πρᾱ̃ξαι, - ῆξαι (all Il.), pass. πραχθῆναι (S., Th.), perf. πέπρᾱγα, - ηγα (Pi., Hdt.), -ᾱχα, - ηχα (Att., Hdt.), pass. πέπραγμαι (A.).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. δια-, εἰσ-, κατα-, συν-. Compounds, e.g. εὑ-, κακο-πρᾱγ-ία f. `prosperity, success', resp. `accident, misfortune' (Pi., Att.) with εὑ-, κακο-πρᾱγ-έω (Att.); anal. δυσ-, κακο-πρᾱγής (Vett. Val., H., not from πρᾶγος); also εὑ-πραξ-ία, Ion. - πρηξ-ίη f., after πρᾶξις, πρᾶξαι.

Derivatives: (Compact survey). Nom. actionis: 1. πρᾶξις, πρῆξις (also w. δια-, κατα- a.o.) f. `realisation, accomplishment, advancement, act, exaction' (Il.) with πραξ-είδιον n. dimin. (EM), - ιμος `realisable' (Cyprus II-III^p), `recoverable' (Delos I-II<sup>p</sup>), also πράκτιμος (from Dor. *πρᾶκτις or after πρακτι-κός?) `liable to a money-penalty' (Delphi II^a). Further, with formation after the adj. abstr. (cf. Schwyzer 468 f.), the compp. προ-πραξ-ία f. `precedence in negotiation' (Acarnan. inscr. V-IV<sup>a</sup>), ὑπερ-πράξ-ιον n. `over-exaction, blackmailing' (Mylasa V^p); cf. also 10. below. -- 2. πρᾶγμα (posthom.), Ion. πρῆχμα (\< - κσμ-; inscr.), πρῆγμα (Hdt.; for πρῆχμα?, s. Schulze Festschr. Kretschmer 217 ff. = Kl. Schr. 409ff.) n. `performed act, fact, business', pl. `facts, state affairs etc.'; as 2. member in ἀ-, πολυ-πράγμων etc.; from this πραγμά-τιον, - τικός, - τίας, - τᾶς, - τώδης, - τεύομαι with - τευμα, - τεία, - τειώδης, - τευτής, - τευ-τικός. -- 3. πρᾶγος n. poet. replacement for the worn out πρᾶγμα (Pi., trag.; Schwyzer 512). -- 4. πρακτύς Dor. = πρᾶξις (EM). -- Nom. agentis: 5. πρακτήρ, πρηκτήρ, - ῆρος m. `executor, tradesman' (Hom.), `exactor' (hell.) with - τήριος `effective, decisive' (A.). -- 6. πράκτωρ, - ορος m. `executor, avenger' (A., S., Antiph.), `exactor, tax official' (Att., pap.) with - τορ-ικός, - ειος, - εύω with - εῖον, - εία (- ία?); on the meaning of πράκτωρ Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 220f., 2, 8 f. a. 49 f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 32; attempt to a semant. differentiation of πρακτήρ and πράκτωρ ibd. 47. --7. εἰσ-, ἐκ-πράκτης m. `collector, tax official' (Aq.). -- 8. πρηξών = ἀγοραῖος, i.e. `notary' (Sicil.; Theognost.); prob. from πρῆξις (Schwyzer 517). -- 9. Adj. πρακτικός `concerning action, skilled, practical' (Att.; Chantraine Études 140).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [817] * perh₂- `sell'

Etymology: All forms go back on a common stem πρᾱκ- (analog. πρᾱγ-; Schwyzer 715), which is a κ-enlargement of the zero grade πρᾱ- in πρᾱ-θῆναι, πέ-πρᾱ-μαι, πι-πρά̄-σκομαι etc. (s. πέρνημι) with further connection with πέρᾱ, πείρω (s. vv.) etc. The function of the velar (cf. πλήσσω: πλη-γ-ή, τμή-γ-ω: τέμ-ν-ω, τέμα-χος a.o.) can be designated as terminative (Schwyzer 702 w. n. 5 a. lit.). Assuming a nominal *πρᾱκ- (Schw. 496) is superfluous and unconvincing. For the primary character of πράσσω, πρᾶξαι tell also the old deriv. πρᾶξις, πρῆξις; on this Schw. 505 (where n. 6 is reckoned with a "derived πρήσσω"). -- On meaning and use of πράσσω s. Snell Phil. 85, 141 ff., Braun Stud. itfilcl. N. S. 15, 243ff.

Page in Frisk: 2,589-591

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).

Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.

Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa I<sup>a</sup>). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. I<sup>p</sup>); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IV<sup>a</sup>)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VI^p, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.X

Etymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.

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