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1 Ἀπολλωνιασταί
Ἀπολλ-ωνιασταί, οἱ,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ἀπολλωνιασταί
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2 ἰσθμός
Grammatical information: m., also f. (after ἡ ὁδός a. o.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2)Meaning: `small entry, spit of land, strait of earth or sea, neck', esp. as GN of the strait of Corinth (IA).Compounds: As 2. member with ιο-suffix in the hypostasis παρ-ίσθμ-ια, n. pl. a. sg. `fauces, tonsils' (Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: ἴσθμιος `belonging to the Isthmos' (Pi., trag.), τὸ ἴσθμιον `collar' (σ 300), τὰ ἴσθμια `fauces' (Hp.); ἴσθμιον also metaph. from the neck of a flask (Cypr. word in Pamphil. ap. Ath. 11, 472e; diff. Leumann Hom. Wörter 271); τὰ Ἴσθμια name of the Corinthian games (Pi., Simon., Ar.) with Ίσθμιο-νίκης, - νικος `winner at the Ἴ.' (B.), Ίσθμιασταί `spectators of the Ἴ.' (title of a play of A.; like Άπολλωνιασταί a. o., Chantraine Formation 317; ἰσθμιάζω Suid., H.), also Ίσθμιᾶται (Delos IIa); ἰσθμικός, - ιακός `belonging to the Isthmos, the Isthmia ' (Ar., Str.), ἰσθμώδης `isthmos-like' (Th.). - The denominative ἰσθμαίνω = ἀσθμαίνω with ἴσθμα = ἄσθμα H. arose through cross of ἰσθμός with ἀσθμαίνω.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Perh. from εἶμι `go' with θμο-suffix, cf. the byform Ίθμός, Ίθμο-νίκα (inscr.) and ἴ-θμα, εἰσ-ί-θμη; on the meaning cf. ONord. eið n. `strait of land', IE * oi-dho- (or * oi-to-). The - σ- is unexplained; a basis * idh-dhmo- cannot be accounted for. Acc. to Chantraine Formation 137 therefore adaptation of a local loan; thus Fur, 294 n. 9. Older lit. in Bq; s. also Schwyzer 492 n. 12, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. on v. 958.Page in Frisk: 1,737Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰσθμός
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3 Άφροδίτη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: goddess of love (Il.)Dialectal forms: Cypr. ᾽Αφοροδίτα, Cret. ᾽ΑφορδίταDerivatives: Άφροδιτάριον an eyesalve (Gal.), Άφροδιταρίδιον `darling' (Pl. Com.). Adj. Άφροδίσιος `belonging to A.' (Ion.-Att.), subst. Άφροδίσιον `temple of A.'; with ἀφροδισιακός; but Άφροδισιασταί `the adorants of A.' (Rhodos) cf. Άπολλωνιασται.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.?Etymology: The connection with ἀφρός (Kretschmer KZ 33, 267) or other explanations (E. Maaß N. Jb. f. d. klass. Altertum 27, 457ff.) are now abandoned. - As the goddess seems to be of oriental origin (Burkert, Religion 152ff.), her name will also come from there. A possibility is the Semitic name of the goddess Aštoret, Astarte (Hommel N. Jb. f. klass. Philol. 125 [1882], 176); cf. Burkert l.c. 248 n. 18. It may have reached the Greeks through another language. - Less probable Hammarström Glotta 11, 21 5f.: Άφροδίτη the `Herrin, Vorsteherin, Fürstin', to Pre-Greek πρύτανις, etr. ( e)prʮni.Page in Frisk: 1,196-197Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άφροδίτη
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4 Δημήτηρ
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: the Greek mother goddess (Il.). See further Schwyzer 567f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 147,Dialectal forms: Though one might expect the name in Myc., it happens not to be found. Δαμάτηρ (Dor. etc.), also Δωμάτηρ, Δαμμάτερι (Thess.),Derivatives: Δημήτριος `belonging to D.' (A.), also as PN, from which the months name Δημητριών (Attica); Δημητρίεια pl. `feast for Demeter' (Samos IVa; after Άσκληπίεια a.o.), Δημήτρια pl. also `feast for Demetrios'; Δημητριασταί N. of the worshippers of Demeter (Ephesos; cf. Άπολλωνιασταί etc.); Δημητριακός `belonging to Demeter or Demetrios' (D. S.); Δημήτρειοι pl. name of the dead (Plu.). - Denomin. δαματρίζειν τὸ συνάγειν τὸν Δημητριακὸν καρπόν. Κύπριοι H. - Short form Δηώ (h. Cer. etc.) with Δηῳ̃ος and Δηωΐνη `daughter of D.'.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: By Kretschmer Wien. Stud. 24, 523ff., Glotta 17, 240 taken as "Mother Earth", from δᾶ, a kind of `Lallwort', perhaps Pre-Greek `Earth', and μάτηρ. There is however, no indication that δᾶ (s.v.) means `earth' (though it has also been assumed in the name Poseidon). Nach Ehrlich Betonung 62ff. (with Fraenkel Lexis 3, 50ff.), from *Δασ-μάτηρ, from IE *dm̥s-, gen. of * dem- `house' (cf. δεσπότης); rightly rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 294. Pisani IF 53, 28ff. and Georgiev Urgriechen und Illyrier (Sofia 1937) 9ff., 20ff. consider the word, like Δαμία, Δμία etc. as Illyrian and compare Alb. dhe `earth' (s. χθών); rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 27, 31. Acc. to Carnoy Mélanges Bidez 71ff. Δη- is only a different development of γῆ. Cf. Fraenkel Glotta 3, 58f. (also on Δαμία, Μνία); diff. on these words (to δόμος etc.) Danielsson Eranos 1, 79f. - Cf. Messap. damatura, prob. name of a goddess (Krahe Sprache der Illyr. 1, 82); the Mess. word must be an adaptation of the Greek name; cf. Δειπάτυρος s. Ζεύς). - Heubeck, Praegraeca 75-8 starts from `Phryg.' Γδαν-μαυα\/ Γδανμαα, and sees in the first element a cognate of Gr. χθών; he suggests that the form Δω(μ-) goes back on *ghdhōn-. However, he connects the whole with his Minoan-Minyan hypothesis (a separate IE language), which is unconvincing. - On Demeter Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 456ff.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Δημήτηρ
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5 Διόνῡσος
ΔιόνῡσοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: N. of a god (Il.).Other forms: Dial. Διώνυσος (ep. lyr.), Διόννυσος (Thess. Cret.), Ζόννυσος (Aeol.), ΔιΕνυσος (Amorgos), Δεύνυσος (Anacr.). Hypoc. voc. Διονῦ (Phryn. Com. 10); cf. διον(ν)ύς ὁ γυναικίας καὶ παράθηλυς H., EM; διοννύς ἡ γυναικεία καὶ θῆλυς ἐσθής (Eust.).Dialectal forms: Myc. δι-wo-nu-so-jo gen.? \/ Diwonusoio\/. Cf. Here also Hallager et al. 1992 and 1997 dat. diwonuso.Derivatives: Διονύσιος, PN, with the fem. Διονυσιάς; pl. n. τὰ Διονύσια `the feast for D.' (Att. etc.) with Διονυσιακός (Th.); Διονυσίσκος, dimin., denom. of a person, with bone-like grows on the temples (medic.); denomin. διονυσιάζω `feast the D.' (Luc. u. a.) with Διονυσιασταί m. pl. name of the D.-worshippers (Nisyros etc.; cf. Άπολλωνιασταί s. Άπόλλων).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: From *Διοσ-νυσος, Schwyzer 283). Dionysos would have come from Thrace. His father would be Zeus, his mother Σεμέλη (s. v.). As the first member seemed the gen. of the Thracian Zeus, Kretschmer ( Einleitung 241f.) assumed in the second member a Thracian word for `son' (found in Thracian names like Νῦσα; further Νῦσαι, Νύσιαι the nymphs, who cared for him) and Nusatita (PN). This interpretation, however, finds no support (s. on νυός). Dunkel, FS Strunk, 1995, 1-21, assumed i.a. that the name contains * suHnu- `son', of which s and n were metathesized. This is, however, improbable. Fur. 250 recalls the PN Διονυτᾶς (beside - σᾶς on a coin from Teos; G. Meyer, Gr. Gramm. (1896) 381) and stresses that the variation τ\/σ points to a non-IE = Pre-Greek word. Attempts to find an IE etym., then, have failed and we have to accept that it is a foreign name. On Dionysos Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 564ff.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Διόνῡσος
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6 Έρμῆς
Έρμῆς, -οῦGrammatical information: m.Meaning: Hermes, son of Zeus and Maia; also `Hermes-pillar, -head' (Il.)Other forms: Έρμείας, - έας, Έρμείης (Call.), Έρμᾶς (Dor. Boeot.), Έρμάων (Hes.), Έρμάν, - ᾶνος (Lac. Arc.), Έρμάου, - άο, -ᾶ (Thess. dat.), Έρμαον (Cret. acc.).Dialectal forms: Myc. E-ma-a₂ (dat.)Compounds: As 1. member z. B. in ἑρμο-γλυφεῖον (Pl.) with retrograde ἑρμογλυ-φεύς, - ικός, - ος (Luc. a. o.), s. γλύφω.Derivatives: Hypocoristic dimin. Έρμίδιον (Ar.), - άδιον (Luc.; also `small Hermespillar' [Lydia]), after the nouns in - ίδιον, - άδιον. `Ερμαῖος `belonging to H., of H.', also as name of a month (A., S.; prob. also Ερμαῖος λόφος π 471, if not from 1. ἕρμα; s. below); ntr. Ε῝ρμαιον `Hermestemple' (Ephesos.; on the accent Hdn. Gr. 1, 369), pl. Ε῝ρμαια ( ἱερά) `H.-feast' (Att.); as appellative ἕρμαιον n. "Hermes-gift", i. e. `chance-find, unexpected advanrage' (Pl., S.); also plant-name (Stromberg Pflanzennamen 129); f. Έρμαΐς (Hp.); Έρμαιών name of a month (Halicarn., Keos); Έρμαϊσταί pl. name of the H.-adorers, Mercuriales (Rhodos, Kos, Delos), cf. e. g. Άπολλωνιασταί and Chantraine Formation 317; Έρμαϊκός (late). Έρμεῖα pl. meaning uncertain (Str. 8, 3, 12).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Έρμῆς \< Έρμέας \< Έρμείας (Aeol.; cf. Αἰνείας a. o.; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 20; after Solmsen Wortforsch. 240 n. 1, Schwyzer 562 however - είας \< - έας as metr. lengthening) and Έρμάν from Έρμάων for *Έρμά̄Ϝων (like ΠοσειδάϜων a. o.) represent two diff. types of name. The latter is rejected by Myc. emaa₂, \/Hermāhās\/. - The derivation from K. O. Müller, accepted a. o. by von Wilamowitz ( Glaube 1, 159 and 285) and Nilsson (Gr. Rel. 1, 503f.), proposing connection with 1. ἕρμα, is linguistically (Schwyzer 562 n. 1) possible; both Έρμ-είας and Έρμ-ά(Ϝ)ων seem to be normal types of name that can be combined with ἕρμα. In this view Έρμῆς would have been named after "the pillar which represents him" (Wil.) or simply "he of the heaps of stone" (Nilsson). But ἕρμα does not mean pillar nor does not mean `heap of stones' (therefore ἕρμαξ, ἑρμεών); also ἑρμαῖος λόφος π 471 can indicate only the heap of ἕρματα. - The resemblance with ἑρμηνεύς induced Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 36f. (with doubtful linguistic analysis) to consider Έρμῆς, "the companion of gods and men", as the the primeval interpreter projected under the gods"; the appellative Έρμῆς would itself be Pre-Greek; thus also Schwyzer 62, Chantraine Formation 125. - The Myc. form shows that it is an unanalysable Pre-Greek name. See Ruijgh, REG (1967) 12.Page in Frisk: 1,563-564Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Έρμῆς
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7 Πάν
Πάν, -νόςж, -νί (h. Hom., Pi., Hdt. usw.; Πάονι ark. VIa)Grammatical information: m.Meaning: herder god of Arcadia (h. Hom., Pi., Hdt.).Derivatives: 1. Demin. Πανίσκος (Cic.); 2. Πάνιος `belonging to P., Panish' (A.Fr. 98 = 143 M.), - ιον n. `sanctuary of P.' (Epid.IIIa), - ειον n. `id.' (Str.), τὰ Π. `festival of P.' (Delos IIIa), f. Πανιάς (Nonn.); 3. Πανικός `id.' (hell.); 4. Πανιασταί m. pl. `worshipper of P.' (Rhod., Perg.; as Άπολλωνιασταί a.o.; Πανισταί conj. Men. Dysk. 230); 5. πανεύω `to treat after the manner of P.' (Heracl. Paradox.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. Since Schulze KZ 42, 81 a. 374 (Kl. Schr. 217 f.) usu. as PGr. *Πᾱύσων identified with Skt. Pūṣán- m. `god who protects and augments the herds'; IE * pāus-: * pūs- (to púṣyati `thrive'?). Doubts by Mayrhofer s. v. Rejecting also v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 247 n. 1. Untenable on Πάνειον, Πανικόν (to πανός `fire-signal') Harrison ClassRev. 40, 6 ff. (cf. Wahrmann Glotta 17, 261 f.); not better Kerényi Glotta 22, 37f. (to supposed. Illyr. pā-ne-u- `swell').Page in Frisk: 2,470-471Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Πάν
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