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x+was+converted+to+a

  • 81 carrocería de autocaravana

    (n.) = camper shell
    Ex. The mobile library was based on a converted pickup truck with a camper shell, plus a tent shelter, and camp lantern for night services.
    * * *

    Ex: The mobile library was based on a converted pickup truck with a camper shell, plus a tent shelter, and camp lantern for night services.

    Spanish-English dictionary > carrocería de autocaravana

  • 82 en rústica

    in paperback
    ■ ¿lo quiere en rústica o con tapa dura? do you want it in paperback or hardback?
    * * *
    = paperback, in paperback, paperbound, pbk (paperback, -abrev.)
    Ex. Within the past couple of months, Rutgers University Press issued a paperback volume of proceedings of a symposium that was held, I think, in the past year.
    Ex. 50 titles of popular books were purchased from a prebinder and 2 additional copies of each title were purchased in paperback.
    Ex. In 1975 the Oklahoma Public Library converted its 5 bookmobiles from hardback to paperbound material.
    Ex. ISBN 1-85000-831-0 (cased): 35.00 pounds; ISBN 1-85000-832 9 (pbk), 11.95 pounds.
    * * *
    = paperback, in paperback, paperbound, pbk (paperback, -abrev.)

    Ex: Within the past couple of months, Rutgers University Press issued a paperback volume of proceedings of a symposium that was held, I think, in the past year.

    Ex: 50 titles of popular books were purchased from a prebinder and 2 additional copies of each title were purchased in paperback.
    Ex: In 1975 the Oklahoma Public Library converted its 5 bookmobiles from hardback to paperbound material.
    Ex: ISBN 1-85000-831-0 (cased): 35.00 pounds; ISBN 1-85000-832 9 (pbk), 11.95 pounds.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en rústica

  • 83 garaje de camiones

    (n.) = truck depot
    Ex. The 7th building, a main library and administrative headquarters, was a converted truck depot = El séptimo edificio, ahora la biblioteca principal y la oficina administrativa central, era antes un garaje de camiones.
    * * *

    Ex: The 7th building, a main library and administrative headquarters, was a converted truck depot = El séptimo edificio, ahora la biblioteca principal y la oficina administrativa central, era antes un garaje de camiones.

    Spanish-English dictionary > garaje de camiones

  • 84 guardarse de

    v.
    1 to watch out for, to beware of, to beware, to guard against.
    María se guarda de los ladrones Mary watches out for thieves.
    2 to be careful not to, to be very careful not to, to beware not to, to take care not to.
    María se guarda de decir mentiras Mary takes care not to tell lies.
    3 to refrain from, to abstain from.
    María se guardó de contestarle Mary refrained from answering him.
    4 to be protected from.
    Se me guarda del mal I am protected from evil.
    5 to be made to refrain from.
    Se nos guarda de decir la verdad We are made to refrain from telling the..
    * * *
    * * *
    (v.) = beware (of/that), be shy of + Gerundio
    Ex. He should beware that the 'gee whiz' or 'Isn't science wonderful' syndrome is not uncommon among the recently converted = Debería tener cuidado de que el síndrome "recórcholis" o "la ciencia es maravillosa" es frecuente entre los nuevos conversos.
    Ex. Printers or publishers were sometimes shy of giving their real names -- usually because a book was treasonable, or libellous, or a piracy -- and for similar reasons they might give a false place of publication and a false date.
    * * *
    (v.) = beware (of/that), be shy of + Gerundio

    Ex: He should beware that the 'gee whiz' or 'Isn't science wonderful' syndrome is not uncommon among the recently converted = Debería tener cuidado de que el síndrome "recórcholis" o "la ciencia es maravillosa" es frecuente entre los nuevos conversos.

    Ex: Printers or publishers were sometimes shy of giving their real names -- usually because a book was treasonable, or libellous, or a piracy -- and for similar reasons they might give a false place of publication and a false date.

    Spanish-English dictionary > guardarse de

  • 85 iniciar un proyecto

    (v.) = launch + effort
    Ex. In May 74 a retrospective cataloguing effort was launched; records for 34,000 items are to be converted to machine-readable form.
    * * *
    (v.) = launch + effort

    Ex: In May 74 a retrospective cataloguing effort was launched; records for 34,000 items are to be converted to machine-readable form.

    Spanish-English dictionary > iniciar un proyecto

  • 86 inmoral

    adj.
    immoral.
    * * *
    1 immoral
    * * *
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo immoral
    II
    masculino y femenino
    * * *
    = filthy [filthier -comp, filthiest -sup.], immoral, unethical, licentious, unsavoury [unsavory, -USA].
    Ex. Printing houses -- apart from the few that had been built for the purpose rather than converted from something else -- were generally filthy and badly ventilated.
    Ex. We might all easily agree that LITERATURE, immoral is not particularly descriptive of, and an anachronistic euphemism for, PORNOGRAPHY.
    Ex. Librarians are more likely than vendors to engage in unethical behaviour.
    Ex. The reviewer, focusing on questions of methodology, finds the book often wide of its mark and the method historically licentious.
    Ex. Despite the unsavory characters, bawdiness, and amorality in several of his plays, Middleton was more committed to a single theological system than, for example, Shakespeare.
    ----
    * comportamiento inmoral = immoral conduct.
    * conducta inmoral = immoral conduct.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo immoral
    II
    masculino y femenino
    * * *
    = filthy [filthier -comp, filthiest -sup.], immoral, unethical, licentious, unsavoury [unsavory, -USA].

    Ex: Printing houses -- apart from the few that had been built for the purpose rather than converted from something else -- were generally filthy and badly ventilated.

    Ex: We might all easily agree that LITERATURE, immoral is not particularly descriptive of, and an anachronistic euphemism for, PORNOGRAPHY.
    Ex: Librarians are more likely than vendors to engage in unethical behaviour.
    Ex: The reviewer, focusing on questions of methodology, finds the book often wide of its mark and the method historically licentious.
    Ex: Despite the unsavory characters, bawdiness, and amorality in several of his plays, Middleton was more committed to a single theological system than, for example, Shakespeare.
    * comportamiento inmoral = immoral conduct.
    * conducta inmoral = immoral conduct.

    * * *
    immoral
    eres un inmoral you have no morals
    * * *

    inmoral adjetivo
    immoral
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino:

    inmoral adjetivo immoral
    su conducta inmoral, her immoral conduct

    ' inmoral' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escandalosa
    - escandaloso
    - indecente
    - sinvergüenza
    - sórdida
    - sórdido
    - sucia
    - sucio
    English:
    immoral
    - unethical
    * * *
    inmoral adj
    immoral
    * * *
    adj immoral
    * * *
    inmoral adj
    : immoral
    * * *
    inmoral adj immoral

    Spanish-English dictionary > inmoral

  • 87 oficina administrativa central

    Ex. The 7th building, a main library and administrative headquarters, was a converted truck depot = El séptimo edificio, ahora la biblioteca principal y la oficina administrativa central, era antes un garaje de camiones.
    * * *

    Ex: The 7th building, a main library and administrative headquarters, was a converted truck depot = El séptimo edificio, ahora la biblioteca principal y la oficina administrativa central, era antes un garaje de camiones.

    Spanish-English dictionary > oficina administrativa central

  • 88 original

    adj.
    1 original (nuevo, primero).
    2 eccentric, different (raro).
    m.
    original.
    * * *
    1 (gen) original
    1 original
    \
    en el original in the original
    ser original de (procedente de, nacido en) from
    * * *
    noun m. adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=inicial) [idea, documento, idioma] original; [edición] first
    pecado 1)
    2) (=novedoso) original
    3) (=raro) unusual, original; (=extravagante) eccentric

    él siempre tiene que ser tan original — iró he always has to be so different

    4) (=creativo) original
    5) (=procedente)

    ser original de — [planta, animal] to be native to

    2. SM
    1) (=modelo) original
    2) (Tip) (tb: original de imprenta) manuscript, original, copy
    * * *
    I
    1) (primero, no copiado) original
    2) <artista/enfoque> original

    tú siempre tan original! — (iró) you always have to be different!

    II
    masculino original

    un original de Dalí — a Dalí original, an original Dalí

    * * *
    = creative, manuscript, master, master copy, original, original document, master, raw, pristine, founding, unedited.
    Ex. His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.
    Ex. A manuscript is a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone, etc.
    Ex. The great significance of a fully developed network will be that it will relieve libraries of the necessity of maintaining their own copies of the master data base.
    Ex. Normally, before a manuscript is printed or duplicated in multiple copies the editor will be provided with printer's proofs or a master copy.
    Ex. Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.
    Ex. An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.
    Ex. The supply would need to be replenished when the multiple copies had been used, so a master would be kept - usually for offset litho reproduction or for cutting a stencil on an electronic scanner.
    Ex. Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.
    Ex. Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.
    Ex. The founding missions have being found increasingly ill-suited for the demands of the marketplace.
    Ex. This bank of data represented a valuable source of unedited views about users' perceptions, thoughts and attitudes about libraries and electronic resources.
    ----
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * edición original = original edition.
    * error del original = sic.
    * estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.
    * original de una obra de arte = art original.
    * original listo para reproducir = camera-ready copy.
    * pecado original, el = original sin, the.
    * poco original = unoriginal.
    * título original = original title.
    * * *
    I
    1) (primero, no copiado) original
    2) <artista/enfoque> original

    tú siempre tan original! — (iró) you always have to be different!

    II
    masculino original

    un original de Dalí — a Dalí original, an original Dalí

    * * *
    = creative, manuscript, master, master copy, original, original document, master, raw, pristine, founding, unedited.

    Ex: His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.

    Ex: A manuscript is a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone, etc.
    Ex: The great significance of a fully developed network will be that it will relieve libraries of the necessity of maintaining their own copies of the master data base.
    Ex: Normally, before a manuscript is printed or duplicated in multiple copies the editor will be provided with printer's proofs or a master copy.
    Ex: Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.
    Ex: An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.
    Ex: The supply would need to be replenished when the multiple copies had been used, so a master would be kept - usually for offset litho reproduction or for cutting a stencil on an electronic scanner.
    Ex: Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.
    Ex: Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.
    Ex: The founding missions have being found increasingly ill-suited for the demands of the marketplace.
    Ex: This bank of data represented a valuable source of unedited views about users' perceptions, thoughts and attitudes about libraries and electronic resources.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * edición original = original edition.
    * error del original = sic.
    * estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.
    * original de una obra de arte = art original.
    * original listo para reproducir = camera-ready copy.
    * pecado original, el = original sin, the.
    * poco original = unoriginal.
    * título original = original title.

    * * *
    A
    1 (primero, inicial) ‹texto› original
    en su forma original in its original form
    2 (no copiado) original
    es un Hockney original it's an original Hockney
    B (novedoso) ‹artista/novela/enfoque› original
    ¡tú siempre tan original! ( iró); you always have to be different!
    C
    (de un país, una región): el maíz es original de América corn originated in o originally came from America, corn is native to America
    original
    un original de Dalí a Dalí original, an original Dalí
    mándale el original y archiva la copia send her the original and file the copy
    lo leyó en el original she read it in the original French ( o Spanish etc)
    Compuesto:
    original, manuscript
    * * *

     

    original adjetivo / noun masculine
    original
    original
    I adjetivo original
    II mf original: tengo que entregar el original a la imprenta, I have to give the original to the printer's
    ' original' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    m.s.
    - novedosa
    - novedoso
    - originaria
    - originario
    - pecado
    - primitiva
    - primitivo
    - promotor
    - promotora
    - retornar
    - subtítulo
    - versión
    - vista
    - visto
    - VO
    - subtitular
    English:
    arrange
    - beat down
    - close
    - creative
    - derivative
    - first
    - individual
    - master
    - novel
    - original
    - originally
    - sell back
    - unconventional
    - unusual
    - different
    - line
    - secondary
    - stick
    - unoriginal
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [nuevo, primero] original;
    el texto original the original text;
    en versión original in the original version
    2. [no imitación] original;
    este es original y esta la copia this is original and this is the copy;
    un Velázquez original an original Velázquez
    3. [inusual] original;
    esa corbata es muy original that's a very original o unusual tie
    4. [raro] different, eccentric;
    tú siempre tan original you always have to be different
    5. [procedente]
    ser original de [persona] to be a native of;
    [animal, planta] to be native to
    ♦ nm
    1. [primera versión] original;
    hay que entregar tres copias y el original you have to give them the original and three copies;
    leer algo en el original to read sth in the original
    2. [manuscrito] manuscript
    * * *
    m/adj original
    * * *
    original adj & nm
    : original
    * * *
    original adj n original

    Spanish-English dictionary > original

  • 89 primitivo

    adj.
    1 primitive, primal, aboriginal, original.
    2 primitive, gut, primary.
    3 primitive, crude, lacking refinement.
    m.
    1 primitive.
    2 Primitivo.
    * * *
    1 HISTORIA primitive
    2 (original) original
    * * *
    (f. - primitiva)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) [arte, pueblo] primitive; (=salvaje) uncivilized
    2) (=original) first, original
    3) [color] primary
    4) (Econ) [acción] ordinary
    * * *
    - va adjetivo
    2) ( original) original
    3) (Art) primitive
    * * *
    = primitive, uncivilised [uncivilized, -USA], barbaric, raw, pristine, primordial.
    Ex. Primitive war dances, fertility rites, hunting games are all rituals human beings develop in their corporate as well as their private lives.
    Ex. It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.
    Ex. The novel is a crude barbaric mixture of verse and prose, poetry and realism, crammed with ghosts, corpses, maniacs all very unlike Racine.
    Ex. Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.
    Ex. Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.
    Ex. The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.
    ----
    * hombre primitivo, el = early man.
    * impulso primitivo = primitive urge.
    * * *
    - va adjetivo
    2) ( original) original
    3) (Art) primitive
    * * *
    = primitive, uncivilised [uncivilized, -USA], barbaric, raw, pristine, primordial.

    Ex: Primitive war dances, fertility rites, hunting games are all rituals human beings develop in their corporate as well as their private lives.

    Ex: It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.
    Ex: The novel is a crude barbaric mixture of verse and prose, poetry and realism, crammed with ghosts, corpses, maniacs all very unlike Racine.
    Ex: Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.
    Ex: Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.
    Ex: The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.
    * hombre primitivo, el = early man.
    * impulso primitivo = primitive urge.

    * * *
    A ‹pueblo/costumbres› primitive; ‹instalaciones/métodos› primitive
    los hombres primitivos primitive o early man
    trabajan en condiciones primitivas they work in primitive conditions
    B (original) original
    el texto primitivo the original text
    C ( Art) primitive
    * * *

    primitivo
    ◊ -va adjetivo

    primitive
    primitivo,-a adjetivo
    1 (civilización, cultura) primitive
    2 (estado originario) original
    la estructura primitiva de la casa, the original structure of the house
    3 (grosero) rude, coarse

    ' primitivo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    primitiva
    - primario
    - salvaje
    English:
    crude
    - early
    - first
    - primaeval
    - primitive
    - barbaric
    * * *
    primitivo, -a adj
    1. [arcaico, rudimentario] primitive
    2. [original] original
    3. Arte primitivist
    * * *
    adj
    1 ( prehistórico, rudimentario) primitive
    2 ( original) original
    * * *
    primitivo, -va adj
    1) : primitive
    2) original: original
    * * *
    primitivo adj primitive

    Spanish-English dictionary > primitivo

  • 90 promover un proyecto

    (v.) = launch + project, launch + effort
    Ex. This article describes a new project entitled Textbooks for Africa (TAP) launched by the Ranfurly Library Service with the support of the British Council (BC) and the Overseas Development Administration.
    Ex. In May 74 a retrospective cataloguing effort was launched; records for 34,000 items are to be converted to machine-readable form.
    * * *
    (v.) = launch + project, launch + effort

    Ex: This article describes a new project entitled Textbooks for Africa (TAP) launched by the Ranfurly Library Service with the support of the British Council (BC) and the Overseas Development Administration.

    Ex: In May 74 a retrospective cataloguing effort was launched; records for 34,000 items are to be converted to machine-readable form.

    Spanish-English dictionary > promover un proyecto

  • 91 quinqué

    m.
    1 oil lamp, paraffin lamp.
    2 an Argand lamp.
    * * *
    1 oil lamp
    * * *
    SM
    1) [para iluminar] oil lamp
    2) * (=astucia) know-how, shrewdness

    tener mucho quinqué — to know what's what, know what the score is *

    * * *
    masculino oil lamp
    * * *
    Ex. The mobile library was based on a converted pickup truck with a camper shell, plus a tent shelter, and camp lantern for night services.
    * * *
    masculino oil lamp
    * * *

    Ex: The mobile library was based on a converted pickup truck with a camper shell, plus a tent shelter, and camp lantern for night services.

    * * *
    oil lamp
    * * *

    quinqué sustantivo masculino
    oil lamp
    quinqué sustantivo masculino oil lamp
    ' quinqué' also found in these entries:
    English:
    oil lamp
    * * *
    oil lamp
    * * *
    m kerosene lamp, Br
    oil lamp
    * * *
    : oil lamp

    Spanish-English dictionary > quinqué

  • 92 ¡contra!

    = by jingo!, Whoops, Yipes!, gee whiz [gee wizz], Heck!, gosh, golly.
    Ex. It begins with the term ' by jingo,' which was used as a euphemism for "by Jesus" as early as the 17th century.
    Ex. Whoops, the computer now tells us that if we want to continue reading, we have to acquire the book.
    Ex. 'Yipes!', he cried.
    Ex. He should beware that the ' gee whiz' or 'Isn't science wonderful' syndrome is not uncommon among the recently converted = Debería tener cuidado de que el síndrome " recórcholis" o "la ciencia es maravillosa" es frecuente entre los nuevos conversos.
    Ex. Heck, let's make it a contest!.
    Ex. Others sources may be easier and more instantaneous (such as online search engines), but, gosh, our libraries are the best sources of all = Otras fuentes pueden ser más fáciles y rápidas de usar (como, por ejemplo, los motores de búsqueda), pero, ¡por dios!, nuestras bibliotecas son las mejores.
    Ex. I know somebody is going to say, ' golly, he is lucky to be making that much money'.
    * * *
    = by jingo!, Whoops, Yipes!, gee whiz [gee wizz], Heck!, gosh, golly.

    Ex: It begins with the term ' by jingo,' which was used as a euphemism for "by Jesus" as early as the 17th century.

    Ex: Whoops, the computer now tells us that if we want to continue reading, we have to acquire the book.
    Ex: 'Yipes!', he cried.
    Ex: He should beware that the ' gee whiz' or 'Isn't science wonderful' syndrome is not uncommon among the recently converted = Debería tener cuidado de que el síndrome " recórcholis" o "la ciencia es maravillosa" es frecuente entre los nuevos conversos.
    Ex: Heck, let's make it a contest!.
    Ex: Others sources may be easier and more instantaneous (such as online search engines), but, gosh, our libraries are the best sources of all = Otras fuentes pueden ser más fáciles y rápidas de usar (como, por ejemplo, los motores de búsqueda), pero, ¡por dios!, nuestras bibliotecas son las mejores.
    Ex: I know somebody is going to say, ' golly, he is lucky to be making that much money'.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ¡contra!

  • 93 пересчитывать

    Пересчитывать - to scale up (по формулам подобия, на большие размеры); to scale down (то же, на меньшие размеры); to convert, to adjust (из одной величины или размерности в другую); to recalculate (считать повторно)
     The increase in angular momentum required was scaled up in direct proportion to the changes in velocity required to accommodate the state changes.
     Obviously, when combustors are scaled down, the centrifugal force increases proportionately.
     The oil weight was measured and converted to a flow rate.
    Пересчитывать из... в-- For convenience, heat values were converted from J/min to kW.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > пересчитывать

  • 94 Empire, Portuguese overseas

    (1415-1975)
       Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.
       There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).
       With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.
       The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.
       Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:
       • Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)
       Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.
       Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).
       • Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.
       • West Africa
       • Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.
       • Middle East
       Socotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.
       Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.
       Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.
       Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.
       • India
       • Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.
       • Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.
       • East Indies
       • Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.
       After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.
       Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.
       Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.
       The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.
       Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.
       In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas

  • 95 Manuel I, king

    (1469-1521)
       King Manuel I, named "The Fortunate" in Portuguese tradition, ruled from 1495 to 1521, the zenith of Portugal's world power and imperial strength. Manuel was the 14th king of Portugal and the ninth son of Infante Dom Fernando and Dona Brites, as well as the adopted son of King João II (r. 1481-95). Manuel ascended the throne when the royal heir, Dom Afonso, the victim of a riding accident, suddenly died. Manuel's three marriages provide a map of the royal and international history of the era. His first marriage (1497) was to the widow of Dom Afonso, son of King João II, late heir to the throne. The second (1500) was to the Infanta Dona Maria of Castile, and the third marriage (1518) was to Dona Leonor, sister of King Carlos V (Hapsburg emperor and king of Spain).
       Manuel's reign featured several important developments in government, such as the centralization of state power and royal absolutism; overseas expansion, namely the decision in 1495 to continue on from Africa to Asia and the building of an Asian maritime trade empire; and innovation and creativity in culture, with the emergence of the Manueline architectural style and the writings of Gil Vicente and others. There was also an impact on population and demography with the expulsion or forcible conversion of the Jews. In 1496, King Manuel I approved a decree that forced all Jews who would not become baptized as Christians to leave the country within 10 months. The Jews had been expelled from Spain in 1492. The economic impact on Portugal in coming decades or even centuries is debatable, but it is clear that a significant number of Jews converted and remained in Portugal, becoming part of the Portuguese establishment.
       King Manuel's decision in 1495, backed by a royal council and by the Cortes called that year, to continue the quest for Asia by means of seeking an all-water route from Portugal around Africa to India was momentous. Sponsorship of Vasco da Gama's first great voyage (1497-99) to India was the beginning of an era of unprecedented imperial wealth, power, and excitement. It became the official goal to create a maritime monopoly of the Asian spice trade and keep it in Portugal's hands. When Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage from Lisbon to India was dispatched in 1500, its route was deliberately planned to swing southwest into the Atlantic, thus sighting "The Land of the Holy Cross," or Brazil, which soon became a Portuguese colony. Under King Manuel, the foundations were laid for Portugal's Brazilian and Asian empire, from Calicut to the Moluccas. Described by France's King Francis I as the "Grocer King," with his command of the mighty spice trade, King Manuel approved of a fitting monument to the new empire: the building of the magnificent Jerónimos Monastery where, after his death in 1521, both Manuel and Vasco da Gama were laid to rest.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Manuel I, king

  • 96 Aspinall, Sir John Audley Frederick

    [br]
    b. 25 August 1851 Liverpool, England
    d. 19 January 1937 Woking, England
    [br]
    English mechanical engineer, pioneer of the automatic vacuum brake for railway trains and of railway electrification.
    [br]
    Aspinall's father was a QC, Recorder of Liverpool, and Aspinall himself became a pupil at Crewe Works of the London \& North Western Railway, eventually under F.W. Webb. In 1875 he was appointed Manager of the works at Inchicore, Great Southern \& Western Railway, Ireland. While he was there, some of the trains were equipped, on trial, with continuous brakes of the non-automatic vacuum type. Aspinall modified these to make them automatic, i.e. if the train divided, brakes throughout both parts would be applied automatically. Aspinall vacuum brakes were subsequently adopted by the important Great Northern, Lancashire \& Yorkshire, and London \& North Western Railways.
    In 1883, aged only 32, Aspinall was appointed Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Southern \& Western Railway, but in 1886 he moved in the same capacity to the Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, where his first task was to fit out the new works at Horwich. The first locomotive was completed there in 1889, to his design. In 1899 he introduced a 4–4–2, the largest express locomotive in Britain at the time, some of which were fitted with smokebox superheaters to Aspinall's design.
    Unusually for an engineer, in 1892 Aspinall was appointed General Manager of the Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway. He electrified the Liverpool-Southport line in 1904 at 600 volts DC with a third rail; this was an early example of main-line electrification, for it extended beyond the Liverpool suburban area. He also experimented with 3,500 volt DC overhead electrification of the Bury-Holcombe Brook branch in 1913, but converted this to 1,200 volts DC third rail to conform with the Manchester-Bury line when this was electrified in 1915. In 1918 he was made a director of the Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1917. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1909. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1918.
    Further Reading
    H.A.V.Bulleid, 1967, The Aspinall Era, Shepperton: Ian Allan (provides a good account of Aspinall and his life's work).
    C.Hamilton Ellis, 1958, Twenty Locomotive Men, Shepperton: Ian Allan, Ch. 19 (a good brief account).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Aspinall, Sir John Audley Frederick

  • 97 Deacon, Henry

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1822 London, England
    d. 23 July 1876 Widnes, Cheshire, England
    [br]
    English industrial chemist.
    [br]
    Deacon was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the London engineering firm of Galloway \& Sons. Faraday was a friend of the family and gave Deacon tuition, allowing him to use the laboratories at the Royal Institution. When the firm failed in 1839, Deacon transferred his indentures to Nasmyth \& Gaskell on the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft. Nasmyth was then beginning work on his steam hammer and it is said that Deacon made the first model of it, for patent purposes. Around 1848, Deacon joined Pilkington's, the glassmakers at St Helens, where he learned the alkali industry, which was then growing up in that district on account of the close proximity of the necessary raw materials, coal, lime and salt. Wishing to start out on his own, he worked as Manager at the chemical works of a John Hutchinson. This was followed by a partnership with William Pilkington, a former employer, who was later replaced by Holbrook Gaskell, another former employer. Deacon's main activity was the manufacture of soda by the Leblanc process. He sought improvement by substituting the ammonia-soda process, but this failed and did not succeed until it was perfected by Solvay. Deacon did, however, with his Chief Chemist F.Hurter, introduce improvements in the Leblanc process during the period 1866–70. Hydrochloric acid, which had previously been a waste product and a nuisance, was oxidized catalytically to chlorine; this could be converted with lime to bleaching powder, which was in heavy demand by the textile industry. The process was patented in 1870.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    D.W.F.Hardie, 1950, A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes, London. J.Fenwick Allen, 1907, Some Founders of the Chemical Industry, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Deacon, Henry

  • 98 Junkers, Hugo

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 3 February 1859 Rheydt, Germany
    d. 3 February 1935 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German aircraft designer, pioneer of all-metal aircraft, including the world's first real airliner.
    [br]
    Hugo Junkers trained as an engineer and in 1895 founded the Junkers Company, which manufactured metal products including gas-powered hot-water heaters. He was also Professor of Thermodynamics at the high school in Aachen. The visits to Europe by the Wright brothers in 1908 and 1909 aroused his interest in flight, and in 1910 he was granted a patent for a flying wing, i.e. no fuselage and a thick wing which did not require external bracing wires. Using his sheet-metal experience he built the more conventional Junkers J 1 entirely of iron and steel. It made its first flight in December 1915 but was rather heavy and slow, so Junkers turned to the newly available aluminium alloys and built the J 4 bi-plane, which entered service in 1917. To stiffen the thin aluminium-alloy skins, Junkers used corrugations running fore and aft, a feature of his aircraft for the next twenty years. Incidentally, in 1917 the German authorities persuaded Junkers and Fokker to merge, but the Junkers-Fokker Company was short-lived.
    After the First World War Junkers very rapidly converted to commercial aviation, and in 1919 he produced a single-engined low-wing monoplane capable of carrying four passengers in an enclosed cabin. The robust all-metal F 13 is generally accepted as being the world's first airliner and over three hundred were built and used worldwide: some were still in service eighteen years later. A series of low-wing transport aircraft followed, of which the best known is the Ju 52. The original version had a single engine and first flew in 1930; a three-engined version flew in 1932 and was known as the Ju 52/3m. This was used by many airlines and served with the Luftwaffe throughout the Second World War, with almost five thousand being built.
    Junkers was always ready to try new ideas, such as a flap set aft of the trailing edge of the wing that became known as the "Junkers flap". In 1923 he founded a company to design and manufacture stationary diesel engines and aircraft petrol engines. Work commenced on a diesel aero-engine: this flew in 1929 and a successful range of engines followed later. Probably the most spectacular of Junkers's designs was his G 38 airliner of 1929. This was the world's largest land-plane at the time, with a wing span of 44 m (144 ft). The wing was so thick that some of the thirty-four passengers could sit in the wing and look out through windows in the leading edge. Two were built and were frequently seen on European routes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1923, "Metal aircraft construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, London.
    Further Reading
    G.Schmitt, 1988, Hugh Junkers and His Aircraft, Berlin.
    1990, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, London: Jane's (provides details of Junkers's aircraft).
    P. St J.Turner and H.J.Nowarra, 1971, Junkers: An Aircraft Album, London.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Junkers, Hugo

  • 99 Whatman, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    baptized 4 October 1702 Loose, near Maidstone, Kent, England
    d. 29 June 1759 Loose, near Maidstone, Kent, England
    [br]
    English papermaker, inventor of wove paper.
    [br]
    The Whatman family had been established in Kent in the fifteenth century. At the time of his marriage in 1740, Whatman was described as a tanner. His wife was the widow of Richard Harris, papermaker, and, by the marriage settlement, he with his wife became joint tenants of Turkey Mill, near Maidstone. The mill had been used for fulling since the Middle Ages, but towards the end of the seventeenth century it had been converted to papermaking. Remarkably quickly, Whatman became one of the leading papermakers in England, doubtless helped by the shortage of imported paper that resulted from the Spanish Succession War of the 1740s. By the time of his death, his mill had the largest output in England, with a reputation for good-quality writing paper.
    According to his son's account much later, Whatman introduced wove paper, made in a wove wire gauze mould, in 1756. It gave a smoother paper with a more even surface, and was probably made at the suggestion of the celebrated printer and type founder John Baskerville. Whatman printed a book in 1757 on paper with an even texture but with laid lines still discernible, indicating that at first the wire gauze was placed in a conventional wire mould. In a book printed by Baskerville two years later, these lines are no longer visible, so a wire gauze mould was in use by then.
    After Whatman's death, Turkey Mill was managed by his widow for three years, until his son James (1741–98) was old enough to take charge. Under the management of the son, the mill maintained the scale and quality of its output, and in 1769 it was described as the largest paper mill in England where the best writing paper was made.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    T.Balston, 1957, James Whatman, Father and Son, London: Methuen.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Whatman, James

  • 100 gå

    4
    идти́, ходи́ть; отправля́ться

    tóget går (klókken seks) — по́езд отхо́дит (в шесть часо́в)

    úret går — часы́ иду́т

    gå på besǿg — ходи́ть в го́сти

    hvordán går det dig [Dem]? — как твои́ [ва́ши] дела́?, как пожива́ете?

    det går godt — (дела́ иду́т) хорошо́!

    gå i skóle — ходи́ть в шко́лу

    gå på árbejde — ходи́ть на рабо́ту

    gå (en)tur — прогуля́ться, соверши́ть прогу́лку

    * * *
    elapse, extend, go, march, on, play, reach, roll, run, strike, tread, walk
    * * *
    vb (gik, gået) go;
    ( om tid) go, pass, go by;
    ( spilles, opføres) be on ( fx there is a good film on at the Palladium), run ( fx the play ran for six months; is that film still running?),
    (mere F) be played, be performed;
    ( sælges) sell, be sold;
    (gram.: bøjes) go, be inflected;
    ( rækkes fra hånd til hånd) go round, pass;
    ( gå i stykker) go, break;
    ( gå på pension) retire,
    (om maskineri etc) run ( fx the engine is running smoothly; the drawer
    ( skuffen) runs smoothly; the machine runs by electricity);
    ( om tog) run ( fx the trains did not run on Sundays),
    ( afgå) leave, go ( fx when does the train leave (el. go)? it leaves
    (el. goes) at 10);
    (teat) exeunt, exit,
    ( i nyere stykker oftest) they go (, he, she goes) (off stage);
    [ døren gik] the door opened and shut; somebody came in (, went out);
    [ møllen går] the mill is turning;
    [ radioen går hele dagen] the radio is on all day;
    [ snakken gik] the conversation was in full swing,
    (dvs sladderen) people were talking;
    [ snakken gik livligt] the conversation was animated;
    [ der er gået tre trumfer] three trumps are out (el. have gone);
    (se også dans, rygte, tur, ur etc);
    [ med adv, pron etc:]
    (dvs afskediget) be retired;
    [ det gik helt anderledes] it turned out quite differently;
    [ det er gået dårligt for mig] things have gone badly with me, I have had bad luck;
    (mht helbred) he was in a bad way;
    [ det gik dårligt med foretagendet] the enterprise did not succeed;
    [ gå fri] escape,
    ( få lov at slippe) be let off;
    [ uret går godt] the watch keeps good time;
    [ forretningen går godt] the business is thriving;
    [ hvordan går det ( med helbredet)?] how are you?
    T how is it going? how goes it?
    (se også ndf: gå med);
    [ hvordan det end går] whatever happens;
    [ den går ikke] that won't do,
    (= du kan tro nej!) no you don't! nothing doing! I'm not having any!
    [ lad gå!] all right! let it pass!
    [ jeg vil lade det gå for denne gang] I'll overlook it this time;
    (dvs sætte fri) let him go;
    (dvs lade i fred) leave him alone;
    [ det går meget let] that is very easy;
    [ sådan gik det i tre år] things went on like that for three years;
    [ sådan går det her i verden] that is the way of the world;
    [ sådan går det ( med) alle store mænd] that is what happens to all great men;
    [ gå tabt] be lost,
    (se også tabe);
    (se også III. fejl, II. galt, højt, ledig, løs, nok, rigtig, vild);
    [ faste forbindelser med præp og adv:]
    ( løsne sig) come off,
    ( om noget limet også) come unstuck;
    ( om skydevåben) go off,
    ( om skud) be fired;
    ( gå på pension) retire,
    ( forløbe) go (el. pass) off;
    [ hvad går der af ham] what is the matter with him? what has come over him?
    (se også II. led, mode, vej);
    [ gå af i stilhed] pass off quietly;
    [ det kan gå af på min gæld] you can deduct it from what I owe you;
    ( være acceptabel) do ( fx will these shoes do?);
    [ det går an] it will do;
    [ det går aldrig an] it will never do;
    [ gå bagover] fall backwards;
    [ jeg var ved at gå bagover af forbavselse] you could have knocked me down with a feather;
    [ gå bort] go away;
    (dø) die, pass away;
    ( hente) go for, go to fetch,
    T go and get;
    ( rette sig efter) go by, go on ( fx we have nothing to go by (el.
    on)), act on ( fx his advice, his recommendation);
    [gå ` efter]
    ( undersøge) go over ( fx all the details), go into ( fx the
    matter),
    ( gøre rent, reparere) go over ( fx she went over the room with a duster),
    ( grundigt, om bil, skib) overhaul;
    (friske el. male op) touch up ( fx an article);
    ( efterkontrollere) go (el. check) over, go (el. check) through;
    [ hvis det gik efter mit hoved] if I had my way;
    [ gå efter lyden] go in the direction of the sound;
    ( gælde, regnes for) pass for, be supposed to be;
    ( blive solgt for) go for;
    [ hvad går her for sig?] what is going on here?
    [ hvornår skal det gå for sig?] when is it to come off? when is it to be?
    [ det går godt for ham] he is doing well;
    [ intet ville gå for ham] nothing went right for him;
    [gå foran præp] go before,
    F precede;
    adv go (, walk) ahead (el. in front), lead the way;
    [ gå forbi] pass;
    (fig) take precedence of (el. over);
    [gå ` fra]
    ( løsne sig) come loose;
    ( om noget limet) come unstuck;
    ( skulle fradrages) be deducted;
    (opgive fx eksamen) give up;
    (opgive studium etc) drop out;
    ( forlade) leave (behind);
    ( lade i stikken) desert ( fx one's wife);
    (dvs hver til sit) part, separate;
    (dvs i stykker) go to pieces, split;
    [ gå fra sit ord] go back on one's word;
    [ gå frem] advance, go forward;
    ( gøre fremskridt) make progress;
    ( bære sig ad) act,
    F proceed;
    [ gå lige frem] walk straight ahead;
    [ gå fremad] advance,
    F proceed;
    ( gøre fremskridt) make progress;
    (dvs det går ham godt) he is getting on;
    (mht helbredet) his health is improving;
    ( han bliver dygtigere) he is coming on;
    [ gå hen: gå ubemærket hen] pass off unnoticed;
    [ gå ikke hen og bliv syg] don't go and be ill;
    [ han er gået hen og har købt en bil] he's (been and) gone and bought a car;
    [ gå let hen over] pass lightly over;
    T skate over;
    (se også hoved);
    [ gå hen til ham] go (up) to him; walk over to him;
    ( for at besøge ham) go and see him; look him up;
    [` gå i]
    [gå `i]
    ( lukke sig) close;
    [ gå i biografen (, teatret, skole)] go to the cinema (, the theatre, school);
    [han går i sit 50. år] he is in his fiftieth year;
    [ gå i femte klasse] be in the fifth class;
    [ hun går lige i folk] people fall for her straight away;
    [ den slags historier går lige i folk] people lap up that kind of story;
    [ gå i sig selv] think better of it,
    F repent;
    [ planen gik i sig selv igen] the scheme came to nothing;
    (se også blod, I. død, frø, kloster, krig, kød, land, moder, orden,
    II. ret, I. stykke, vand, vejr);
    [` gå igen] leave again;
    [gå ` igen] be repeated,
    F recur;
    ( om genfærd) walk; haunt the house (, room etc);
    [ gå igennem] pass (through), go through;
    ( undersøge) go over, go through;
    ( lide) go through,
    F undergo;
    ( blive vedtaget) be carried, pass, go through;
    [ ansøgningen gik igennem] the application was granted;
    (se også marv);
    ( i fjendtlig hensigt) go against;
    ( hen imod) go towards;
    ( modarbejde) oppose;
    [ hvad er der gået dig imod?] what is worrying you? what has upset you?
    [ alting går mig imod] nothing seems to be going my way;
    ( træde ind) go in, enter;
    (om avis etc) cease publication;
    (se også jagt);
    [ gå ind ad døren] go in through (, enter by) the door;
    ( støtte) support ( fx a proposal),
    ( være fortaler for) be an advocate of ( fx reform), advocate,
    ( anbefale) recommend;
    [ gå ind for en sag] adopt (el. identify oneself with) a cause;
    [ gå ind for hans politik] go in for (el. adopt el. advocate) his policy;
    [ jeg går ind for at] I think that, I vote that;
    [ gå ind i] go into, enter,
    (i forening etc) join;
    [ gå ind i hæren] join the army;
    (dvs han forstod det) it went right in; he got the message;
    (dvs de elsker det) they lap up that kind of thing;
    ( bevæge sig ind i) enter ( fx enter one's office);
    ( beskæftige sig med) go into ( fx go into details);
    ( give sin tilslutning til) agree to, accept ( fx accept a proposal), fall in with ( fx an arrangement, a joke);
    [ gå nærmere ind på] go into details about;
    [ gå ind til de andre] join the others;
    (se også evig (hvile));
    ( om dør) open inwards;
    [ han går indad på fødderne] his feet turn in; he turns in his feet (in walking);
    [ gå itu] break, come (el. go) to pieces;
    ( ledsage) go with, come with,
    F accompany;
    ( bære) carry ( fx a pistol, a gas mask, a cane),
    ( være iført) wear ( fx a gas mask, glasses, a ring, a hat);
    (se også krykke);
    ( om par) go out with,
    T date ( fx he's dating her);
    ( uddele) deliver ( fx newspapers, milk; bread for a baker);
    [gå ` med]
    (adv) come with somebody (, me, etc), go along;
    ( forbruges) be consumed, be spent;
    ( blive ødelagt) be destroyed, be lost;
    [ går du med?] are you coming (too)? are you coming with me (, us)?
    ( også) do a newspaper round (, milk round);
    [ hvordan går det med ham?] how is he getting on?
    [ hvordan går det med arbejdet?] how is the work getting on? how are you getting on with your work?
    [ det går dårligt (, godt) med], se ovf: det går...;
    [ gå med stok] walk with a stick,
    ( til pynt) carry a stick;
    [ gå stille med noget] keep something quiet;
    (se også dør);
    [ gå med hovedet på skrå] carry one's head on one side;
    [ sådan går det med de fleste] that is what happens to most people;
    [ hele dagen gik med at forberede festen] they (, we etc) spent the whole day preparing the party;
    [ gå med på] agree to ( fx the terms, the plan, the proposal), fall in with ( fx the proposal);
    (se også værst);
    (dvs ind på) agree to;
    [ gå ned] go down,
    F descend;
    (om sol etc) set, go down;
    ( om flyvemaskine) land, come down;
    (om skib etc = synke) go down;
    ( om pris, temperatur etc) fall,
    ( pludseligt) drop;
    ( om teatertæppe) fall, come down;
    ( bukke under) go under, go to the wall,
    ( gå fallit) go under, go bust;
    (se også I. bakke, flag, I. klap);
    [gå `om]
    ( gå omkring) walk about,
    ( blive rakt rundt) go round;
    ( udføres på ny) be repeated;
    ( i skole) repeat a class (, a year);
    ( om eksamen) retake (, kun skriftlig: resit) an examination,
    ( med objekt) retake (, resit) ( fx it is not possible to retake single papers);
    [ lade kanden gå om] pass the jug;
    [ kanden gik om] the jug went round;
    [gå 3. klasse om] repeat the third class;
    [ gå omkring] walk about;
    [ der går en mur omkring byen] there is a wall round the town;
    [ gå omkring i gaderne] walk about the streets;
    ( stige, også om pris) rise, go up;
    ( om dør, vindue) open,
    ( pludseligt) fly open;
    ( om sammenføjning) come apart, give way;
    (om knude etc) come undone,
    ( om noget limet) come unstuck;
    ( om regnestykke) come out, come right;
    ( om kabale) come out;
    (om fly etc) take off;
    ( om regnestykke) get out;
    (fig) it amounts to the same thing;
    ( vi er kvit) we are quits;
    [ det gik op for mig at] I came to realize that, it dawned upon me that;
    (dvs interessere sig for) be absorbed in; give one's mind to;
    ( gå helt op i) devote oneself to;
    ( til eksamen) do an examination in a subject;
    [ selskabet er gået op i et andet] the company has become merged in another;
    [ to går op i fire] two will go into four; four is divisible by two;
    [ gå op i sin rolle] identify oneself with one's part;
    (se også I. lue, røg, I. spids);
    [gå op med 6%] rise (el. go up) by 6%;
    ( fra side til side) cross ( fx let us cross here), walk across;
    ( fortage sig) pass off, wear off;
    ( gå itu) break (in two),
    ( overskride), se ndf: gå ud over;
    (se også bred, forstand, streg);
    [ gå over i] pass into;
    [ gå over på andre hænder] pass into other hands; change hands;
    [ gå over til] go over to ( fx the enemy; a Liberal MP went over to the Conservatives),
    (neds) defect to ( fx he defected to the rebels);
    ( en mening) come round to;
    ( en religion) go over to, be converted to;
    ( udvikles til) become, pass into;
    [ gå over til katolicismen] join (el. go over to) the Roman Catholic Church;
    [gå `på]
    ( tage fat) go ahead, go on;
    ( angribe) go for him (, them etc);
    ( ske) happen ( fx it does not happen often);
    (om handske etc) go on;
    (dvs angå) concern; be aimed at;
    [ den går han ikke `på] he won't swallow (el. S buy) that; that won't go down with him;
    [ det er hårdt at gå `på] it is tough luck;
    [gå ( løs) på en] go for somebody;
    (se også løs);
    (dvs veg ikke) he stood his ground (like a man);
    (dvs genere) he did not turn a hair;
    [ det skal du ikke lade dig gå på af] don't let it get you down;
    [ der går 100 p på et pund] there are a hundred pence to a pound;
    (se også I. arbejde, hånd, melodi, nerve, opdagelse, universitet, vinge);
    [ gå rundt] walk about, go round;
    (se også rundt);
    [` gå sammen] walk (, leave) together;
    ( om par) go out together,
    T date ( fx they have been dating for over a year);
    (dvs gøre det i fællesskab) do it together;
    [ gå sammen om at] join together to,
    (dvs skyde penge sammen) club together to ( fx buy him a present);
    [ gå sammen med dem om at] join forces with them to;
    [gå ` til]
    ( fremskynde sin gang) walk faster,
    F quicken one's pace;
    ( ske) come about, come (to pass), happen ( fx how did it happen? how did it come about that he was told? how did he come to lose the
    money?);
    ( kræves) be required,
    ( forbruges) be spent, be consumed;
    ( om fodtøj) break in ( fx new boots, new shoes);
    T go it;
    [ det gik hedt til] feelings ran high,
    T the fur really flew;
    [ det gik livligt til] things got lively;
    [ det gik underligt til med den sag] it was a queer business;
    [ jeg er ved at gå ` til af varme] this heat is getting too much for me (el.
    is getting me down);
    (se også bord, film, hjerte, hvile, hånd, læge, II. ret, sag, scene, top,
    valg);
    [ gå tilbage] go back,
    (især mil.) retreat;
    (fig) decline; fall off ( fx membership ( medlemstallet) fell off);
    [ lade handelen gå tilbage] call off the deal;
    [ det er gået tilbage for ham] he has come down in the world;
    [ vær venlig at gå tilbage i vognen!] pass right along the bus, please!
    [ det går tilbage med ham] he is falling off; he is losing his grip;
    [ gå tilbage til] return to, go back to,
    ( skrive sig fra) date from ( fx the house dates from the 17th
    century);
    [ gå ud] go out ( fx they go out a lot);
    ( om ild, lys) go out;
    ( om planter) die;
    ( udgå) be omitted, be left out, be dropped;
    [ gå ud ad døren] go out of the door;
    [ gå ud af] go out of, leave ( fx the room, school);
    ( forudsætte) assume, understand, take for granted ( fx I took it for granted that you would agree);
    ( også) I take it that;
    [ gå ud fra en urigtig forudsætning] act on a wrong assumption;
    [ gå ud med én] go out with somebody;
    (dvs overskride) go beyond ( fx what is reasonable), pass,
    F exceed ( fx all bounds alle grænser);
    ( påvirke, ramme) affect ( fx one's health);
    ( også) his work suffers;
    [ hans ondskab gik ud over ham selv] his malice rebounded on him;
    [ dette vil gå ud over ham] he will be the one to suffer for this;
    (dvs når noget går én imod) take it out on somebody else;
    [ lade sit raseri gå ud over] vent one's rage on;
    ( tilsigte) aim at,
    ( udtrykke) be to the effect (that);
    [ det går ud på at] the idea is that;
    [ forslaget (, svaret) går ud på at] the proposal (, the answer) is to the effect that;
    [ hans stræben går ud på] his object (el. aim) is;
    [ jeg så hvad alt dette gik ud på] I perceived the drift of all this;
    [ jeg ved hvad dine ønsker går ud på] I know what your wishes are;
    [ gå uden om] walk (, go) round ( fx a hole in the road);
    (fig) get round ( fx the difficulty);
    ( prøve at undgå) sidestep ( fx a problem),
    F evade ( fx the difficulty, the question);
    [ gå langt uden om én] give somebody a wide berth;
    [ gå udenom] go round ( fx the gate was shut so we had to go round),
    (fig: om sagens kerne) beat about the bush;
    [gå ` under]
    (mar) go down,
    F founder;
    ( bukke under) go under, go to the wall;
    ( blive ødelagt) be destroyed;
    [ hvis verden går under] if the world comes to an end;
    (se også navn);
    [ gå væk], se væk.

    Danish-English dictionary > gå

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