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21 переработка
1) General subject: conversion, processing, recast, remaking, revision (книги), rip off, rip-off (недобросовестная), working, making2) Naval: working down3) Medicine: working through (процесс достижения прозрения пациента)5) Engineering: fabricating, overtime work (работа сверх нормы), redesign (конструкции), refinement (нефти), refining, reprocessing, revision (напр. статьи)6) Agriculture: (первичная) processing7) Construction: thorough revision8) Railway term: rehandling (состава)10) Economy: redesign (проекта или конструкции), rendering (непищевого животного сырья с получением жира или кормовой муки), reoperation11) Automobile industry: retreat12) Forestry: conversion (напр. бумаги, древесины), recycling, reprocessing (напр. бумажного брака)14) Polygraphy: converting15) Psychology: elaboration, working-through16) Jargon: (недобросовестная) rip-off18) Patents: reduction19) Business: adaptation, treatment20) Drilling: redesigning21) Marine science: working over22) Cables: reclamation, recovery, recycling (отходов)23) leg.N.P. revision (of a draft resolution, etc.; parliamentary practice), specificatio (law of personal property), specification (as a mode of acquisition of a title; law of personal property)24) Makarov: overtime (работа сверх нормы), processing (обработка сырья в полуфабрикат, готовую продукцию), rehandling, revision (переделка книги, статьи), rewrite (коренная переделка), working (обработка сырья в полуфабрикат, готовую продукцию)25) Gold mining: metasomatosis26) oil&gas: process engineering, refinery27) Pharmacy: (обработка несоответствующего продукта с помощью технологических стадий, отличающихся от установленного технологического процесса) reworking -
22 travail
1. masculine nouna. ( = activité) le travail work• avoir du travail/beaucoup de travail to have some work/a lot of work to do• horaire/vêtements de travail work schedule/clothes• conditions/méthodes/groupe/déjeuner de travail working conditions/methods/group/lunch• à travail égal, salaire égal equal pay for equal work• améliorer la communication, c'est tout un travail ! improving communications is quite a task!• c'est un travail de spécialiste (difficile à faire) it's a job for a specialist ; (bien fait) it's the work of a specialist• travaux de recherche/de construction research/building work• « pendant les travaux, le magasin restera ouvert » "business as usual during alterations"• « attention ! travaux ! » "caution! work in progress!" ; (sur la route) "roadworks ahead!" (Brit) "roadwork ahead!" (US)• avoir un travail intéressant/lucratif to have an interesting/a highly paid job• travail d'équipe or en équipe team workd. ( = façonnage) [de bois, cuir, fer] working2. compounds► un travail de fourmi a long, painstaking job* * *
1.
pl - aux tʀavaj, o nom masculin1) ( contraire de repos) work2) (tâche faite, à faire) job; (ensemble des tâches, besogne) work [U]j'ai un travail fou — I'm up to my eyes in work, I've got a lot of work on
3) ( fait d'exercer un emploi) work; ( emploi rémunéré) work [U], job; ( lieu) work4) Économie, Sociologie (activité, population active) labour [BrE] [U]division du travail — division of labour [BrE]
5) ( résultat d'un fonctionnement) (de machine, d'organe) work [U]6) ( ouvrage érudit) work ( sur on)7) ( façonnage)le travail de — working with ou in [métal, bois, pierre]
apprendre le travail du bois/métal — to learn woodwork/metalwork
8) (technique, exécution) workmanship9) Physique work10) ( action) (d'eau, érosion) action (de of); fig (d'imagination, inconscient) workings (pl) (de of)11) ( altération) ( de vin) fermentation, working; ( de bois) warping12) Médecine ( pendant un accouchement) labour [BrE]
2.
travaux nom masculin pluriel1) ( en chantier) work [U]; ( sur une route) roadworks GB, roadwork [U] UStravaux de construction — construction work [U]
‘fermé pour travaux’ — ( sur une devanture) ‘closed for repairs ou alterations’
‘attention, travaux’ — gén ‘caution, work in progress’; ( sur une route) ‘caution, road under repair’
2) (recherche, études) work [U] ( sur on)3) ( débats) deliberationsles travaux agricoles/de la ferme — agricultural/farm work [U]
travaux de couture — needlework [U]
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *tʀavaj, o travaux pl1. nm1) (= activité, effort) workJ'ai beaucoup de travail. — I've got a lot of work.
C'est un travail épuisant. — It's exhausting work.
se mettre au travail — to start work, to get down to work
outils de travail — working tools, work tools
2) (= tâche spécifique) jobDonne-lui un travail facile. — Give him an easy job.
3) (= emploi, gagne-pain) job, work no plIl a un travail intéressant. — He's got an interesting job.
Il est sans travail depuis un an. — He has been out of work for a year.
4) (= lieu) workAu travail, je m'entends bien avec mes collègues. — I get on well with my colleagues at work.
5) ÉCONOMIE (= ressource, facteur) labour Grande-Bretagne labor USAla législation du travail — labour law, labour legislation
6) MÉDECINE (de l'accouchement) labour Grande-Bretagne labor USA7) (= façonnage)2. travaux nmpl(= chantier) (de réparation, agricoles) work, (sur route) roadworks, [construction] building work, building* * *I.A nm1 ( contraire de repos) work; le travail intellectuel intellectual work; le travail scolaire schoolwork; ça demande des mois de travail it requires months of work; se mettre au travail to get down to work, to start work; être en plein travail to be busy working;2 (tâche faite, à faire) job; (ensemble des tâches, besogne) work ¢; faire un travail to do a job; distribuer le travail to allocate jobs; ce n'est pas mon travail it's not my job; c'est un travail de professionnel ( à faire) it's a job for a professional; ( bien fait) it's a very professional job; c'est un travail d'homme it's man's work; commencer un travail to start a job; mener un travail de recherche to do research work; avoir du travail to have work to do; j'ai un travail fou I'm up to my eyes in work, I've got a lot of work on; les enfants, ça donne du travail, les enfants, c'est du travail children make a lot of work; les gros travaux the heavy work; s'occuper à de petits travaux to do little jobs; faire quelques travaux de jardinage to do a few gardening jobs; (félicitations) c'est du beau travail! aussi iron you've done a great job on that; qu'est-ce que c'est que ce travail? what do you call this?; et voilà le travail! that's that done!;3 ( fait d'exercer un emploi) work; ( emploi rémunéré) work ¢, job; ( lieu) work; ne me téléphone pas à mon travail don't call me at work; chercher du/un travail to look for work/a job; bien content d'avoir du/un travail glad to be in work/to have a job; être sans travail to be out of work; donner du travail à qn ( employer) to give sb a job; reprendre le travail to go back to work; cesser le travail to stop work; aller au travail to go to work; être au travail to be at work; que fais-tu comme travail? what do you do?, what's your job?; il ne fait que son travail he's only doing his job; le travail en usine/de bureau factory/office ou clerical work; le travail temporaire/à mi-temps temporary/part-time work; un travail à mi-temps a part-time job; le travail en équipe team work; le travail en équipes shiftwork; le travail de nuit nightwork; il a un travail de nuit he works nights; le travail indépendant freelance work, self-employment; conditions/semaine de travail working conditions/week; vivre de son travail to work for one's living; ⇒ salaire;4 Écon, Sociol (activité, population active) labourGB ¢; le capital et le travail capital and labourGB; organisation/division du travail organization/division of labourGB; force de travail workforce; entrer dans le monde du travail to enter the world of work; la psychologie du travail industrial psychology;5 ( résultat d'un fonctionnement) (de machine, d'organe) work ¢; le travail du cœur the work done by the heart; le travail musculaire muscular effort, the work done by the muscles;6 ( ouvrage érudit) work (sur on); publier un travail sur la Renaissance to publish a work on the Renaissance;7 ( façonnage) le travail de working with ou in [métal, bois, pierre]; le travail de l'ivoire est difficile working with ou in ivory is difficult; apprendre le travail du bois/métal to learn woodwork/metalwork;8 (technique, exécution) workmanship; un travail superbe a superb piece of workmanship; un coffret d'un beau travail a beautifully made box; une dentelle d'un travail délicat a delicate piece of lacework;10 ( action) (d'eau, érosion) action (de of); fig (d'imagination, inconscient) workings (pl) (de of); le travail du temps the work of time;12 Méd ( pendant accouchement) labourGB; entrer/être en travail to go into/be in labourGB; salle de travail labourGB ward.B travaux nmpl1 ( en chantier) work (sg); ( sur une route) roadworks GB, roadwork ¢ US; travaux de construction/réfection/soutènement construction/renovation/retaining work ¢; travaux de terrassement earthworks; travaux d'aménagement ( de bâtiment) alterations (de to), improvements (de to); ( d'un site) redevelopment ¢ (de of); ( d'une route) roadworks (de on); faire faire des travaux dans sa maison to have work done in one's house; nous sommes en plein travaux we're in the middle of having some work done; ‘fermé pour travaux’ ( sur une devanture) ‘closed for repairs ou alterations’; ‘attention, travaux’ gén ‘caution, work in progress’; ( sur une route) ‘caution, road under repair’;2 (recherche, études) work ¢ (sur on); publier le résultat de ses travaux to publish the results of one's work;3 ( débats) (d'assemblée, de commission) deliberations;4 ( opérations de même nature) les travaux agricoles/de la ferme agricultural/farm work; travaux de couture needlework.travail à la chaîne assembly-line work; travail clandestin work for which no earnings are declared; travail à domicile working at or from home; travail des enfants child labourGB; travail d'intérêt général Jur community service; travail manuel manual work; travail au noir○ gén work for which no earnings are declared; ( exercice d'un second emploi non déclaré) moonlighting; travail aux pièces piece work; travail posté shift work; travail de Romain Herculean task; travail de titan = travail de Romain; travaux d'aiguille needlework ¢; travaux des champs agricultural ou farm work ¢; travaux de dame fancywork ¢; travaux dirigés, TD Univ practical (sg); travaux forcés Jur hard labourGB (sg); fig slave labourGB ¢; travaux manuels Scol handicrafts; travaux ménagers housework ¢; travaux pratiques, TP Scol, Univ practical work ¢; ( en laboratoire) lab work ¢; travaux préparatoires Jur ( pour un texte de loi) preliminary documents; travaux publics, TP ( travail) civil engineering ¢; ( ouvrages) civil engineering works, public works; travaux routiers roadworks GB, roadwork ¢ US.II.I( pluriel travaux) [travaj, o] nom masculinA.[ACTION]1. [occupation]le travail de jour/nuit day/night workje finis le travail à cinq heures I stop ou finish work at fiveun travail de longue haleine a long-term work ou projectle travail posté ou par roulement shift workle travail manuel manual work ou laboura. [occasionnel] undeclared casual work, moonlightingb. [comme pratique généralisée] black economya. [généralement] temporary workb. [dans un bureau] temping2. [tâches imposées] work3. [tâche déterminée] jobfaire un travail de recherche/traduction to do a piece of research/a translationc'est un travail de bagnard ou forçat it's back-breaking work ou a back-breaking jobc'est un travail de Romain ou de Titan it's a colossal job4. [efforts] (hard) workil a encore du travail s'il veut devenir champion he's still got a lot of work to do if he wants to be champion5. [exécution] workon lui a confié les peintures et elle a fait du bon/mauvais travail she was responsible for doing the painting and she made a good/bad job of itje ne retrouve pas une seule disquette, qu'est-ce que c'est que ce travail? I can't find a single floppy disc, what's going on here?6. [façonnage] workingelle est attirée par le travail du bois/de la soie she's interested in working with wood/with silk[responsabilité] jobchercher du ou un travail to be job-hunting, to be looking for a jobsans travail unemployed, jobless, out of work8. [dans le système capitaliste] labour9. [contrainte exercée - par la chaleur, l'érosion] action10. PHYSIOLOGIE [accouchement] labourle travail n'est pas commencé/est commencé the patient has not yet gone/has gone into labour[activité] workréduire le travail du cœur/des reins to lighten the strain on the heart/on the kidneysB.[RÉSULTAT, EFFET]1. [écrit] piece2. [transformation - généralement] work[modification interne - dans le bois] warping ; [ - dans le fromage] maturing ; [ - dans le vin] workingtravaux nom masculin pluriel‘fermé pendant les travaux’ ‘closed for ou during alterations’‘attention, travaux’ ‘caution, work in progress’travaux domestiques ou ménagers houseworka. [généralement] arts and craftsa. [généralement] practical workb. [en laboratoire] lab work2. [d'une commission] work————————au travail locution adverbialese mettre au travail to get down ou to set to workallez, au travail! come on, get to work!————————de travail locution adjectivale1. [horaire, séance] working[vêtement, camarade, permis] work (modificateur)2. [d'accouchement - période] labour (modificateur) ; [ - salle] labour (modificateur), delivery (modificateur)————————du travail locution adjectivale[accident, sociologie, législation] industrial————————en travail adverbeentrer en travail to go into ou to start labourII -
23 durcharbeitet
Adj.: nach einer durcharbeiteten Nacht after working through the night, bes. Am. auch after an all-nighter umg.* * *durch|ạr|bei|tet [dʊrç'|arbaitət]adj* * *durcharbeitet adj:nach einer durcharbeiteten Nacht after working through the night, besonders US auch after an all-nighter umg -
24 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysisJAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic AssociationSE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)PQ - Psychoanalytic QuarterlyWAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)\О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts\1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. 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(1976) Ambience and abstinence. Annu. Psycho-anal., 4.895. Wolf, E. S. (1980) On the developmental line of self-object relations. In: Advances in Self Psychology, ed. A. Goldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.896. Wolf, E. S. (1983) Empathy and countertransference. In: The Future of Psychoanalysis, ed. A. Coldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.897. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Disruptions in the psychoanalytic treatment of disorders of the self. In: Kohut's Legacy, ed. P. Stepansky & A. Coldberg, Hillsdale, H. J.: Analytic Press, 1984.898. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Selfobject relations disorders. In: Character Pathology, ed. M. Zales. New York: Bruner/Mazel.899. Wolf, E. S. & Trosman, H. (1974) Freud and Popper-Lynkeus. JAPA, 22.900. Wolfenstein, M. (1966) How is mourning possible? PSOC, 21.901. Wolman, B. B. ed. (1977) The International Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and Neurology. New York: Aesculapius.902. Wolpert, E. A. (1980) Major affective disorders. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed. H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman & B. J. Saddock. Boston: Williams & Wilkins, vol. 2.903. Wurmser, L. (1977) A defense of the use of metaphor in analytic theory formation. PQ, 46.904. Wurmser, L. (1981) The Mask of Shame. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.905. Zetzel, E. R. (1956) Current concepts of transference. TJP, 37.Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
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25 durchgearbeitet
durch·ge·ar·bei·tetnach zwei \durchgearbeiteten Nächten/Wochenenden after two [whole] nights/weekends spent working, after working through two [whole] nights/weekends -
26 durchgearbeitet
durch·ge·ar·bei·tet adjspent working pred;nach zwei \durchgearbeiteten Nächten/ Wochenenden after two [whole] nights/weekends spent working, after working through two [whole] nights/weekends -
27 протнување
pulling through, working through, forcing one's away through -
28 leverage
•• Leverage 1. action or power of a lever. 2. power, influence (Oxford American Dictionary).
•• Это слово часто встречается в текстах на финансово-экономические темы и в политической публицистике. В первом случае, к сожалению, нет русского эквивалента, ясно и сжато передающего смысл соответствующего понятия. Специалисты поэтому используют заимствование – левередж или ливередж (британское произношение; Webster's Third New International Dictionary дает оба варианта произношения этого слова как равноправные). Приведу определение из оксфордского словаря A Dictionary of Finance: 1. Соотношение между основным и заемным капиталом (британский синоним – capital gearing). 2. Использование компанией собственных ограниченных активов для гарантии значительных займов, которые она берет, чтобы финансировать свою деятельность. На мой взгляд, проще всего говорить об использовании заемных средств. В политической периодике это слово употребляется в общепонятном, но отсутствующем в наших словарях значении рычаги (возможности) влияния или просто возможности: Washington began working through intermediaries, and Mrs. Albright stayed conspicuously absent from the Middle East to preserve her leverage (New York Times). – ...г-жа Олбрайт подчеркнуто воздерживалась от поездок на Ближний Восток, чтобы сохранить свои рычаги влияния.
•• * В «Моем несистематическом словаре» это слово рассматривается только как существительное. Между тем в последнее время оно все чаще употребляется как глагол, обычно в значении воспользоваться. Надо сказать, что существующие словари отражают, как правило, лишь значение этого глагола, используемое в бизнесе. Например, Cambridge Dictionary of American English: to use ( borrowed money) for investments, esp. in order to buy a large enough part of a business so that you can control it. Куда проще (грубее, пожалуй) определение в словаре Encarta: borrow money hoping to make more. В American Heritage Dictionary есть не относящееся к бизнесу, но не очень часто встречающееся значение: to improve or enhance:
•• “It makes more sense to be able to leverage what we [public radio stations] do in a more effective way to our listeners.” (Delano Lewis, San Francisco Chronicle, December 20, 1997)
•• Вот характерный пример употребления глагола to leverage:
•• On Tuesday, shortly after the Baghdad explosion, State Department officials began working on language for a U.N. resolution that would show respect for the victims of the bombing and the good works they were doing. The resolution would stress the need for more foreign contributions and improved security if the reconstruction mission advanced by the United Nations is to succeed. “Let’s leverage yesterday’s horrific events to emphasize our renewed commitment and what we really need to do,” said one State Department official, who said the central goal is to persuade reluctant countries such as India and Pakistan to provide peacekeeping troops. (Washington Post)
•• Впрочем, «что американцу хорошо, то французу (и не только ему) не очень»:
•• A French diplomat described the prospective U.S. move last night as a “ cynical” attempt to “ take advantage” of the suffering of U.N. staff members. One council official said that if the resolution simply asks for money and troops but delivers no significant sharing of authority in Iraq, the measure “will be unacceptable.”
•• Конечно, to take advantage тоже означает воспользоваться. Но поскольку оба слова употреблены в одной и той же статье по одному и тому же поводу, надо, чтобы читатель перевода «почувствовал разницу». Может быть, в первом случае (Let’s leverage yesterday’s horrific events – правду сказать, не очень удачно сказано) стоит чуть-чуть «подправить» говорящего:
•• Давайте отреагируем на ужасные события вчерашнего дня, еще раз подчеркнув нашу решимость сделать то, что необходимо.
•• А во втором случае приемлем вариант воспользоваться и даже сыграть на горе сотрудников ООН.
•• По менее грустному поводу – цитата из Philadelphia Inquirer:
•• They tapped nostalgia for the bygone Frog and Commissary restaurants. They leveraged sentiment by targeting preordered sales for Valentine’s Day.
•• To leverage sentiment – сыграть на чувствах клиентов (предложив им заранее заказать подарки к Дню Св. Валентина).
•• Еще один пример – c сайта www.pentagon.mil/news:
•• “They leveraged the complementary capabilities of two different arms of military forces,” Leaf said.
•• Здесь: умело использовали дополняющие друг друга возможности.
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29 subactio
sŭbactĭo, ōnis, f. [subigo].I.Lit., a working through, working up, preparing (rare):* II.harena fluviatica bacillorum subactionibus in tectorio recipit soliditatem,
Vitr. 2, 4 fin.:subactiones ciborum,
Arn. 3, 107.—Trop., preparation, discipline:subacto mihi ingenio opus est... subactio autem est usus, auditio, lectio, litterae,
Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131. -
30 протурување
rupture, passing money, pushing through, working through -
31 Л-46
HE БЕЙ ЛЕЖАЧЕГО highly coll VP,mpcr Invar usu. subj-compl with бытье ( subj: работа, служба etc) fixed WOsome work is not hard, requires very little effort: работа - не бей лежачего - this is an easy (a soft, a cushy) jobthis job is a piece of cake this job is no sweat.Муж (Сони) - бывший лётчик, в отставке по болезни. Больно ударила его эта отставка, не мог примириться, что не у дел. Устроился по знакомству каким-то регистратором, работа... «не бей лежачего». А ему подавай дело -привычное, кипучее (Грекова 3). Her (Sonyas) husband was a former pilot, retired because of illness. That retirement had hit him hard. He couldn't live with the fact that he wasn't working. Through connections he got himself a kind of receptionist job, an easy, soft job. But he needed real work, his usual, tough work (3a). -
32 не бей лежачего
• НЕ БЕЙ ЛЕЖАЧЕГО highly coll[VPimper; Invar; usu. subj-compl with быть (subj: работа, служба etc); fixed WO]=====⇒ some work is not hard, requires very little effort:- работа - не бей лежачего≈ this is an easy (a soft, a cushy) job;- this job is no sweat.♦ Муж [Сони] - бывший лётчик, в отставке по болезни. Больно ударила его эта отставка, не мог примириться, что не у дел. Устроился по знакомству каким-то регистратором, работа... "не бей лежачего". А ему подавай дело - привычное, кипучее (Грекова 3). Her [Sonya's] husband was a former pilot, retired because of illness. That retirement had hit him hard. He couldn't live with the fact that he wasn't working. Through connections he got himself a kind of receptionist job, an easy, soft job. But he needed real work, his usual, tough work (3a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не бей лежачего
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33 Verkauf
Verkauf m 1. GEN sale, selling, vending; 2. V&M sale, sales department, selling, vending • einen Verkauf tätigen BÖRSE make a sale* * *m 1. < Geschäft> sale, selling, vending; 2. <V&M> sale, sales department, selling, vending ■ einen Verkauf tätigen < Börse> make a sale* * *Verkauf
sale, selling, vending, disposal, disposition, (Realisierung) realization;
• auf dem Bürgersteig zum Verkauf ausgelegt peddled on the pavement;
• für den Verkauf zurechtgemacht faked up for sale;
• mit dem Verkauf beauftragt entrusted with the sale of;
• zum Verkauf for (on) sale, for disposal, on the market;
• abgeschlossener Verkauf definite sale;
• bedingungsloser Verkauf absolute sale;
• betrügerischer Verkauf [mit der Absicht der Gläubigerschädigung] bogus (fraudulent) sale;
• direkter Verkauf direct sale;
• zwangsweise durchgeführter Verkauf forced (sheriff’s) sale;
• fester Verkauf firm sale;
• fiktiver Verkauf fictitious (sham) sale;
• freihändiger Verkauf voluntary (private, off-hand) sale, private treaty, sale by private contract, (Effekten) sale in the open market, over-the-counter sale (trade) (US);
• rückgängig gemachter Verkauf countermanded sale;
• frei gestalteter Verkauf sale by private treaty;
• kommissionsweiser Verkauf sale on consignment, memorandum (consignment) sale, consignment marketing;
• langsamer Verkauf (Börse) dull sales;
• lebhafter Verkauf brisk sales;
• leichter Verkauf quick sales, wrap-up;
• rascher Verkauf ready (quick) sale;
• schwerer Verkauf dull sale;
• stoßartiger Verkauf (Börse) unloading;
• vollständiger Verkauf clearance sale;
• voraussichtlicher Verkauf proforma;
• zwangsweiser Verkauf compulsory (judicial) sale;
• Terminkauf- und Verkauf double option;
• Verkauf auf Abzahlungsbasis instal(l)ment sale, hire purchase (Br.), deferred-payment sale (US);
• Verkauf von Aktien selling off of stock, sale of shares;
• Verkauf vorbehaltlich sicherer Ankunft sale to arrive (on arrival);
• Verkauf gegen Anschreiben charge sale;
• Verkauf mit Anzahlung sale on account;
• Verkauf von Anzeigenraum space selling (US coll.);
• Verkauf wegen Aufgabe des Geschäfts winding-up (liquidation) sale;
• Verkauf aufgrund einer Ausschreibung sale by tender;
• Verkauf auf Baisse bear sale (selling, Br.), selling stocks short (US), short sale (US), going short (US);
• Verkauf gegen bar cash sale;
• Verkauf gegen Barzahlung und ohne Kundendienst cash sale, sold over the counter, cash and carry (US), (Börse) cash contract;
• Verkauf gegen Barzahlung bei Lieferung cash-on-delivery sale;
• Verkauf in Bausch und Bogen sale in gross, loose-leaf (bulk, US) sale, sale per aversionem (by the bulk);
• Verkauf auf Besichtigung sale on inspection;
• Verkauf aus eigenen Beständen (Effekten) long sale;
• Verkauf von Debitoren selling accounts receivable outright (US), factoring;
• Verkauf ohne Deckung uncovered sale, bear sale (selling, Br.) [selling] short (US), short sales (US);
• Verkauf zu Deckungszwecken hedging sale;
• freihändiger Verkauf von Effekten sale in the open market;
• Verkauf mit Eigentumsübergang executed sale;
• Verkauf unter Eigentumsvorbehalt conditional sale (US) (sales contract);
• Verkauf mit persönlichem Einsatz personal selling;
• Verkauf zu Einzelhandelspreisen sail at retail, retail sale;
• Verkauf von Flugplätzen für Gruppenreisen bulk-seat sale (US);
• Verkauf im Freiverkehr sale in the open market, over-the-counter sale (US);
• Verkauf pro forma sham (pro forma) sale;
• Verkauf nach Gewicht sale according to weight;
• Verkauf mit Gewinn sale at a profit;
• Verkauf zwecks Gewinnrealisierung profit-taking sale;
• Verkauf durch den Großhandel wholesale, sale (selling) by wholesale;
• Verkauf von Grundbesitz sale of real property (realty);
• Verkauf aus zweiter Hand secondhand sale, resale;
• Verkauf durch einen Hausierer house-to-house selling;
• Verkauf einer Kapitalanleihe vor Zinsfälligkeit bond washing;
• Verkauf durch ein Kartell pool selling;
• Verkauf gegen Kasse cash sale;
• Verkauf laut Katalog sale by description;
• Verkauf aufgrund übersandten Katalogs catalog(ue) (mail-order, US) sale;
• Verkauf auf Kommissionsbasis sale on consignment, consignment (memorandum) sale;
• Verkauf auf Kreditbasis credit sale (Br.);
• direkter Verkauf an Kunden (Fabrik) direct-to-customer selling;
• Verkauf über den Ladentisch over-the-counter sale;
• Verkauf unter dem Ladentisch under-the-counter sale (trade);
• Verkauf auf Lieferung (Börse) forward sale, sale for forward (future, US) delivery, sale for account;
• Verkauf zur sofortigen Lieferung sale for prompt delivery;
• Verkauf für zukünftige Lieferung (Börse) sale for the account (Br.);
• Verkauf mit Lieferung nach Bezahlung deposit sale;
• Verkauf auf Lieferung am folgenden Tag (Börse) regular sale;
• Verkauf am offenen Markt market overt, open-market sale;
• Verkauf durch Mittelsleute indirect selling (US);
• Verkauf nach Muster sale by sample (to pattern);
• Verkauf gegen Nachnahme cash-on-delivery sale;
• Verkauf an Ort und Stelle sales on the spot;
• Verkauf durch Postversand catalog(ue) selling, direct-mail selling (US), selling by direct mail (US);
• Verkauf zu herabgesetzten Preisen bargain sale;
• Verkauf um jeden Preis hard selling;
• Verkauf unter Preis sale under price, drive (US);
• Verkauf nur an Private privately sold;
• Verkauf nach Probe sale by sample (on approval);
• Verkauf zur Probe sale on trial, memorandum sale;
• Verkauf im Rahmen eines Kartells pool selling;
• Verkauf von Ramschware rummage sale;
• Verkauf gegen Ratenzahlung hire purchase (Br.) (deferred-payment, US) sale;
• Verkauf auf Rechnung sale on account;
• Verkauf auf eigene Rechnung sale for own account;
• Verkauf auf feste Rechnung outright sale;
• Verkauf für fremde Rechnung sale for third account;
• Verkauf mit Rückgaberecht sale and return, sale with right of redemption;
• Verkauf und gleichzeitiger Rückkauf von Aktien bed and breakfast operation (Br.);
• Verkauf mit Rückkaufsrecht sale with privilege (option) of repurchase;
• Verkauf beweglicher Sachen sale of personal property, sale of chattels;
• Verkauf nach dem Schneeballsystem pyramid selling;
• Verkauf durch Selbstbedienung automatic selling;
• Verkauf unter Selbstkosten sale below cost, selling below cost (under price);
• Verkauf zum Selbstkostenpreis sale at cost price, marginal sale;
• Verkauf aufgrund einer Sonderermächtigung sale under a special power;
• Verkauf am Sonntag Sunday trading;
• Verkauf unter Spekulation auf Baisse bear sale (selling) (Br.), short sale (US), going short (US);
• Verkauf von Spezialartikeln specialty selling;
• Verkauf wie es steht und liegt as is sale, sale with all faults;
• Verkauf auf offener Straße street vending;
• Verkauf auf Termin forward sale, selling forward;
• Verkauf mit Verlust (zu Verlustpreisen) selling at a loss, losing (ruinous, sacrifice) sale, (Börse) slaughtering;
• Verkauf durch Versandgeschäft catalog(ue) (mail order, US) selling, selling by direct mail (US);
• Verkauf durch Vertreter house-to-house selling;
• Verkauf durch bestimmte Vertreter selective selling;
• Verkauf nach erfolgter Verzollung duty-paid sale;
• Verkauf unter Vorbehalt conditional sales contract;
• Verkauf unberechtigt als Markenartikel ausgezeichneter Waren passing off one’s goods as those of another make (US);
• Verkauf feuerbeschädigter Waren fire sale (US);
• Verkauf steuerfreier Waren duty-free goods sale;
• Verkauf im Wege der Versteigerung sale by (Br.) (at, US) auction;
• Verkauf unter dem Wert sacrifice sale;
• Verkauf zu Wohltätigkeitszwecken sale of work;
• Verkauf auf Zeit forward time (future, US) sale;
• Verkauf zu verschiedener Zeit und zu verschiedenen Preisen (Börse) split sale;
• Verkauf auf Ziel credit sale;
• Verkauf ab Zollager sale ex bond;
• Verkauf mit Zugaben selling with premium, premium offer (US);
• Verkauf in der Zwangsversteigerung forced (sheriff’s, execution) sale;
• Verkauf ohne Zwischenhandel direct selling (sale), sale to the market;
• Verkauf abschließen to effect (negotiate) a sale, to consummate a deal;
• günstigen Verkauf abschließen to conclude (close) a bargain;
• zum Verkauf anbieten to offer (put up) for sale;
• Verkauf annullieren to cancel (rescind) a sale;
• zum Verkauf anstehen to be on the auction block;
• Verkauf anzeigen to advertise a sale;
• zum Verkauf aufgeben to give a selling order;
• zum Verkauf aufliegen to be exposed for sale;
• zum Verkauf auslegen (ausstellen) to expose (put up, display, exhibit) for sale;
• j. mit dem Verkauf betrauen to entrust s. o. with the sale;
• Verkauf einer Sache bewirken to make sale of a thing;
• vom Verkauf übrig bleiben to be left over from a sale;
• zum Verkauf bringen to put to sale;
• Verkauf zum Abschluss bringen to negotiate a sale;
• Verkauf einstellen to suspend the sale, to stop selling;
• sich zum Verkauf entschließen to settle on selling;
• Verkauf fördern to promote sale;
• zum Verkauf gelangen to go on sale;
• für den Verkauf herrichten to adapt for sale;
• zum Verkauf kommen to be sold, to come into the market;
• Verkauf rückgängig machen to rescind a sale;
• bei einem Verkauf mitwirken to attend a sale;
• zum Verkauf staatliche Finanzierungshilfe in Anspruch nehmen to sell by working through government program(me)s;
• zum Verkauf [auf dem Grundstücksmarkt] angeboten sein to be in the [real-estate] market;
• mit dem Verkauf von etw. beauftragt sein to be entrusted with the selling of s. th.;
• zum Verkauf stehen to be [up] for sale;
• Verkauf tätigen to negotiate (effect) a sale;
• beim Verkauf übergehen (Eigentum) to pass by sale;
• zum Verkauf übernehmen to take on sale;
• jem. den Verkauf übertragen to entrust s. o. with the sale;
• zum Verkauf angeboten werden to come into the market;
• Verkauf widerrufen to avoid a sale;
• zum freien Verkauf zulassen to deration (Br.);
• vom Verkauf zurücktreten to rescind a sales contract;
• einem vom bevollmächtigten Vertreter getätigten Verkauf zustimmen to ratify a sale made under power of attorney;
• zum Verkauf zwingen (Börse) to squeeze out. -
34 проработка
ж.1) ( изучение) studying, study2) психоан. ( процесс достижения понимания собственных проблем в ходе терапии) working through -
35 zum Verkauf staatliche Finanzierungshilfe in Anspruch nehmen
zum Verkauf staatliche Finanzierungshilfe in Anspruch nehmen
to sell by working through government program(me)sBusiness german-english dictionary > zum Verkauf staatliche Finanzierungshilfe in Anspruch nehmen
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36 pausa
f.pause, break.con pausa unhurriedlypres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: pausar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: pausar.* * *1 pause2 MÚSICA rest\con pausa slowlyhacer una pausa to pause, take a breaksin pausa uninterruptedly* * *noun f.break, pause* * *SF1) (=en programa, reunión) break; [al hablar, leer] pause; (Mús) restcon pausa — slowly, deliberately
2) (Téc) [en casette] pause (button); [en vídeo] hold* * *a) ( interrupción) pause; (Rad, TV) breakcon toda pausa — (Méx) unhurriedly
hacer una pausa — to pause/have a break
b) (Mús) rest* * *= pause, BREAK, hiatus, lull, break.Ex. 'No, not right now,' she said and left a pause 'Well, maybe,' upon more sober reflection.Ex. If the processing of a search terms or series of terms seems to be taking a long time, you can press CTRL+ BREAK to interrupt the search.Ex. 'Look, Mel,' said James after the hiatus, 'I'm irritated at the convoluted mess this simple case of filling a vacancy has become'.Ex. The author observes that there was no lull in the construction of Scottish castellated architecture between 1480 and 1560.Ex. Deliberate editing requires time, preferably with a break between editing stints.----* hacer una pausa = pause.* sin pausa = breathlessly.* tecla de PAUSA = BREAK key.* * *a) ( interrupción) pause; (Rad, TV) breakcon toda pausa — (Méx) unhurriedly
hacer una pausa — to pause/have a break
b) (Mús) rest* * *= pause, BREAK, hiatus, lull, break.Ex: 'No, not right now,' she said and left a pause 'Well, maybe,' upon more sober reflection.
Ex: If the processing of a search terms or series of terms seems to be taking a long time, you can press CTRL+ BREAK to interrupt the search.Ex: 'Look, Mel,' said James after the hiatus, 'I'm irritated at the convoluted mess this simple case of filling a vacancy has become'.Ex: The author observes that there was no lull in the construction of Scottish castellated architecture between 1480 and 1560.Ex: Deliberate editing requires time, preferably with a break between editing stints.* hacer una pausa = pause.* sin pausa = breathlessly.* tecla de PAUSA = BREAK key.* * *A (interrupción) pausehaz una pequeña pausa en la coma pause slightly at the commacontinuaremos tras una breve pausa we will carry on after a short breakcon toda pausa ( Méx); unhurriedlyse vistió con (toda) pausa he dressed slowly o unhurriedly, he took his time getting dressedCompuesto:commercial breakB ( Mús) rest* * *
Del verbo pausar: ( conjugate pausar)
pausa es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
pausa sustantivo femenino
(Rad, TV) break;◊ hacer una pausa to pause/have a breakb) (Mús) rest
pausa sustantivo femenino
1 (descanso) pause, break: haremos una pausa de diez minutos, we'll have a ten minutes break
hay que trabajar sin pausa pero sin prisa, we've got to keep working through steadily without a break
2 Mús rest
3 (botón) pause button
' pausa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
compás
- paréntesis
English:
break
- coffee break
- deliberation
- hiatus
- interlude
- lull
- pause
- pregnant
- rest
- coffee
* * *pausa nf1. [descanso] pause, break;con pausa unhurriedly;Méxcon toda pausa at a leisurely pace;hacer una pausa [al hablar] to pause;[en actividad] to take a break pausa publicitaria commercial break2. Ling pause3. Mús rest* * *f2 MÚS rest* * *pausa nf: pause, break* * *pausa n (interrupción) pause -
37 pausa
Del verbo pausar: ( conjugate pausar) \ \
pausa es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
pausa sustantivo femenino (Rad, TV) break;◊ hacer una pausa to pause/have a breakb) (Mús) rest
pausa sustantivo femenino
1 (descanso) pause, break: haremos una pausa de diez minutos, we'll have a ten minutes break
hay que trabajar sin pausa pero sin prisa, we've got to keep working through steadily without a break
2 Mús rest
3 (botón) pause button ' pausa' also found in these entries: Spanish: compás - paréntesis English: break - coffee break - deliberation - hiatus - interlude - lull - pause - pregnant - rest - coffee -
38 возник ряд трудностей, связанных с
Возник ряд трудностей, связанных с-- In working through the set of experiments described, a series of concerns developed about the constraints on turbine designs.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > возник ряд трудностей, связанных с
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39 leverage
1) финанс. ливередж, левередж; использование заемных средств (A Dictionary of Finance приводит два определения: 1. Соотношение между основным и заемным капиталом (британский синоним — capital gearing). 2. Использование компанией собственных ограниченных активов для гарантии значительных займов, которые она берет, чтобы финансировать свою деятельность.)2) полит. рычаги/возможности влияния, возможностиWashington began working through intermediaries, and Mrs. Alrbright stayed conspicuously absent from the Middle East to preserve her leverage (New York Times). —...г-жа Олбрайт подчеркнуто воздерживалась от поездок на Ближний Восток, чтобы сохранить свои рычаги влияния.
The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > leverage
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40 entail
1) быть сопряженным с чем-л.Subcontractor's participation in A could entail working through open ditches, stored materials, and other obstructions участие Субподрядчика в А может быть сопряжено с продвижением через открытые канавы, складированные материалы и другие препятствия2) сопровождаться чем-л.3) предусматривать4) приводить к необходимости чего-л.English-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > entail
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