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without+sb's+knowledge

  • 1 Knowledge

       It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)
       It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.
       But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)
       Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).
       Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])
       Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....
       This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)
       Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)
       Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)
       "Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.
       Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge

  • 2 without my knowledge

    بِدُون \ without my knowledge: without my knowing: He drove my car without my knowledge. \ See Also دُون علمي

    Arabic-English glossary > without my knowledge

  • 3 KNOWLEDGE

    • Increase your knowledge and increase your grief - Чем больше знаешь, тем больше сомневаешься (4)
    • He who has knowledge has force - Знание - сила (3)
    • If you want knowledge, you must toil for it - Без муки нет науки (Б)
    • Investment in knowledge pays the best interest (An) - Знание лучше богатства (3)
    • Knowledge has bitter roots but sweet fruits - Без муки нет науки (Б)
    • Knowledge is better than riches - Знание лучше богатства (3)
    • Knowledge is no burden - Знания на плечи не давят (3)
    • Knowledge is power - Знание - сила (3)
    • Knowledge is the treasure of the mind - Знание лучше богатства (3)
    • Lamp of knowledge burns brightly (The) - Ученье - свет, а неученье - тьма (У)
    • Too much knowledge makes the head bold - Много будешь знать, скоро состаришься (M)
    • Weight of knowledge is never measured (The) - Знания на плечи не давят (3)

    Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > KNOWLEDGE

  • 4 knowledge

    Gen Mgt
    information acquired by the interpretation of experience. Knowledge is built up from interaction with the world and organized and stored in each individual’s mind. It is also stored on an organizational level within the minds of employees and in paper and electronic records. Two forms of knowledge can be distinguished: tacit knowledge or implicit knowledge, which is held in a person’s mind and is instinctively known without being formulated into words; and explicit knowledge, which has been communicated to others and is contained in written documents and procedures. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of knowledge, and many employees are now recognized as knowledge workers. A major writer in this area is Ikujiro Nonaka, coauthor of The Knowledge-Creating Company (1995), who asserted that knowledge is the greatest core capability (see core competence) that an organization can have.

    The ultimate business dictionary > knowledge

  • 5 знание

    knowledge, learning, background
    • В данной главе (у читателя) предполагается интуитивное знание... - In this chapter we assume an intuitive knowledge of...
    • Действительная трудность лежит в нашем недостаточном знании... - The real difficulty lies in our inadequate knowledge of...
    • Мы не обладаем достаточными знаниями, чтобы (различать...). - We lack sufficient knowledge to (distinguish...)
    • Мы предполагаем очень небольшие знания... - We assume very little knowledge of...
    • Невозможно получить полное понимание... без базовых знаний... - It is impossible to gain a thorough knowledge of... without a basic knowledge of...
    • Никаких предварительных знаний о методе конечных элементов не требуется. - No prior knowledge of finite elements is required.
    • Никакого предварительного знания предмета не предполагается. - No prior knowledge of the subject is assumed.
    • Однако данный метод требует предварительного знания... - However, this method presupposes a knowledge of...
    • При настоящем уровне знаний неизбежно, чтобы... - Given the present state of knowledge, it is inevitable that...
    • Это, очевидно, требует знания (чего-л). - This evidently requires a knowledge of...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > знание

  • 6 behind someone's back

    without someone's knowledge or permission:

    He sometimes bullies his sister behind his mother's back.

    مِن وَراءِ ظَهْرِهِ، دون عِلْمِهِ

    Arabic-English dictionary > behind someone's back

  • 7 Wissen

    vt/i; weiß, wusste, gewusst
    1. know ( von oder geh. um about); wissen lassen, dass... let on that...; jemanden etw. wissen lassen let s.o. know s.th.; ich weiß genau, dass... I know for a fact that...; weißt du noch? (do you) remember?; ich weiß seinen Namen nicht mehr I can’t remember his name; weißt du schon das Neueste? have you heard the latest?; woher weißt du das? how do you know?; sie weiß nicht, was sie will she doesn’t know what she wants; er weiß nicht, was er sagt he doesn’t know what he’s talking about; sie ist sehr hübsch, aber sie weiß es auch she’s very pretty and she knows it; er weiß immer alles besser iro. he always knows better; das musst du selber wissen that’s up to you; ich möchte wissen, wie etc. (ich frage mich) I wonder how etc.; ich möchte ( doch) gern wissen... I’d (really) like to know...; ich möchte nicht wissen, was... I wouldn’t like to know what...; wenn ich nur wüsste,... if I only knew...; das hätte ich ( früher) wissen sollen! I wish I’d known (earlier); woher soll ich denn das wissen? oder was ich immer alles wissen soll! umg. how am I supposed to know that!; woher will er denn das wissen? where’s he got ( oder where’d he learn) that from?; das weiß doch jedes Kind! any child knows that!; ich will von ihm / davon nichts wissen I don’t want anything to do with him / it; ich will von ihr nichts mehr wissen I’m through with her; von Geld wollte er nichts wissen he refused to ( oder he wouldn’t) accept any money; jetzt will ich’s aber wissen! umg. (beweisen, versuchen etc.) there’s only one way to find out!; Bescheid 3, Rat1 1
    2. in Redefloskeln und Wendungen: weißt du was? umg. (do) you know what?; weißt du,... you know...; du musst ( nämlich) wissen, dass... you must know that...; erklärend: I have to tell you that...; nicht / wohl wissend, dass... not knowing / knowing very well that...; gewusst, wie! umg. it’s easy when you know how!; was weiß ich! umg. how should I know?, how am I supposed to know?; ich weiß nicht recht I’m not (so) sure, I dunno umg.; man kann nie wissen umg. you never know; bei ihr kann man nie wissen with her you never know; soviel ich weiß as far as I know; ich wüsste nicht warum / wie! I’ve no idea why / how!; nicht, dass ich wüsste! not that I know of; (ja,) wenn ich das wüsste! (well) if I knew that!; weiß der Geier oder Henker oder das wissen die Götter! God knows!; was ich nicht weiß, macht mich nicht heiß Sprichw. what you don’t know can’t hurt you, what the eye doesn’t see the heart doesn’t grieve over; ich weiß, dass ich nichts weiß Sokrates: I know that I know nothing
    3. (+ Inf. mit zu): sich zu helfen / verteidigen / wehren wissen be able ( oder know how) to look after / defend o.s.; ich werde ihn schon zu finden wissen I’ll find him all right, I’ll find him, don’t you worry; sie weiß nichts mit sich / mit i-r Freiheit anzufangen she doesn’t know what to do with herself / her freedom
    4. geh.: jemanden / sich in Sicherheit wissen know that s.o. / one is safe; er wusste sie gesund und sicher zu Hause he knew that she was safe and well at home; ich möchte das so verstanden wissen I’d like to have that understood
    5. umg., verstärkend: und was weiß ich noch alles and what not; als ob es wer weiß was gekostet hätte as if it had cost goodness knows how much; er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he thinks he’s ever so clever (Am. smart)
    * * *
    das Wissen
    know-how; knowledge; learning
    * * *
    Wịs|sen ['vɪsn]
    nt -s, no pl
    knowledge
    * * *
    1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) know
    2) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) knowledge
    * * *
    Wis·sen
    <-s>
    [ˈvɪsn̩]
    nt kein pl knowledge no pl
    nach bestem \Wissen und Gewissen (geh) to the best of one's knowledge
    \Wissen ist Macht knowledge is power
    wider/gegen besseres \Wissen against one's better judgement
    ohne jds \Wissen und Willen without sb's knowledge and consent
    * * *
    das; Wissens knowledge

    wider od. gegen besseres Wissen — against one's better judgement

    * * *
    Wissen n; -s, kein pl knowledge (
    über +akk oder
    von, um of;
    in +dat of);
    meines Wissens as far as I know, to my knowledge;
    mit meinem/ohne mein Wissen with my knowledge/without my knowledge ( oder knowing);
    nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen to the best of one’s knowledge and belief;
    wider besseres Wissen geh against one’s better judg(e)ment;
    Wissen ist Macht sprichw knowledge is power
    * * *
    das; Wissens knowledge

    wider od. gegen besseres Wissen — against one's better judgement

    * * *
    n.
    knowledge n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wissen

  • 8 Vorwissen

    n previous knowledge; ohne mein Vorwissen without my knowledge ( oder my knowing)
    * * *
    Vor|wis|sen
    nt
    previous knowledge; (= Vorherwissen) foreknowledge

    ohne mein Vórwissen — without my previous knowledge

    * * *
    Vor·wis·sen
    nt kein pl previous knowledge; (Hintergrund) background knowledge
    * * *
    das previous or existing knowledge
    * * *
    Vorwissen n previous knowledge;
    ohne mein Vorwissen without my knowledge ( oder my knowing)
    * * *
    das previous or existing knowledge

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Vorwissen

  • 9 wissen

    vt/i; weiß, wusste, gewusst
    1. know ( von oder geh. um about); wissen lassen, dass... let on that...; jemanden etw. wissen lassen let s.o. know s.th.; ich weiß genau, dass... I know for a fact that...; weißt du noch? (do you) remember?; ich weiß seinen Namen nicht mehr I can’t remember his name; weißt du schon das Neueste? have you heard the latest?; woher weißt du das? how do you know?; sie weiß nicht, was sie will she doesn’t know what she wants; er weiß nicht, was er sagt he doesn’t know what he’s talking about; sie ist sehr hübsch, aber sie weiß es auch she’s very pretty and she knows it; er weiß immer alles besser iro. he always knows better; das musst du selber wissen that’s up to you; ich möchte wissen, wie etc. (ich frage mich) I wonder how etc.; ich möchte ( doch) gern wissen... I’d (really) like to know...; ich möchte nicht wissen, was... I wouldn’t like to know what...; wenn ich nur wüsste,... if I only knew...; das hätte ich ( früher) wissen sollen! I wish I’d known (earlier); woher soll ich denn das wissen? oder was ich immer alles wissen soll! umg. how am I supposed to know that!; woher will er denn das wissen? where’s he got ( oder where’d he learn) that from?; das weiß doch jedes Kind! any child knows that!; ich will von ihm / davon nichts wissen I don’t want anything to do with him / it; ich will von ihr nichts mehr wissen I’m through with her; von Geld wollte er nichts wissen he refused to ( oder he wouldn’t) accept any money; jetzt will ich’s aber wissen! umg. (beweisen, versuchen etc.) there’s only one way to find out!; Bescheid 3, Rat1 1
    2. in Redefloskeln und Wendungen: weißt du was? umg. (do) you know what?; weißt du,... you know...; du musst ( nämlich) wissen, dass... you must know that...; erklärend: I have to tell you that...; nicht / wohl wissend, dass... not knowing / knowing very well that...; gewusst, wie! umg. it’s easy when you know how!; was weiß ich! umg. how should I know?, how am I supposed to know?; ich weiß nicht recht I’m not (so) sure, I dunno umg.; man kann nie wissen umg. you never know; bei ihr kann man nie wissen with her you never know; soviel ich weiß as far as I know; ich wüsste nicht warum / wie! I’ve no idea why / how!; nicht, dass ich wüsste! not that I know of; (ja,) wenn ich das wüsste! (well) if I knew that!; weiß der Geier oder Henker oder das wissen die Götter! God knows!; was ich nicht weiß, macht mich nicht heiß Sprichw. what you don’t know can’t hurt you, what the eye doesn’t see the heart doesn’t grieve over; ich weiß, dass ich nichts weiß Sokrates: I know that I know nothing
    3. (+ Inf. mit zu): sich zu helfen / verteidigen / wehren wissen be able ( oder know how) to look after / defend o.s.; ich werde ihn schon zu finden wissen I’ll find him all right, I’ll find him, don’t you worry; sie weiß nichts mit sich / mit i-r Freiheit anzufangen she doesn’t know what to do with herself / her freedom
    4. geh.: jemanden / sich in Sicherheit wissen know that s.o. / one is safe; er wusste sie gesund und sicher zu Hause he knew that she was safe and well at home; ich möchte das so verstanden wissen I’d like to have that understood
    5. umg., verstärkend: und was weiß ich noch alles and what not; als ob es wer weiß was gekostet hätte as if it had cost goodness knows how much; er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he thinks he’s ever so clever (Am. smart)
    * * *
    das Wissen
    know-how; knowledge; learning
    * * *
    Wịs|sen ['vɪsn]
    nt -s, no pl
    knowledge
    * * *
    1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) know
    2) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) knowledge
    * * *
    Wis·sen
    <-s>
    [ˈvɪsn̩]
    nt kein pl knowledge no pl
    nach bestem \Wissen und Gewissen (geh) to the best of one's knowledge
    \Wissen ist Macht knowledge is power
    wider/gegen besseres \Wissen against one's better judgement
    ohne jds \Wissen und Willen without sb's knowledge and consent
    * * *
    das; Wissens knowledge

    wider od. gegen besseres Wissen — against one's better judgement

    * * *
    wissen v/t & v/i; weiß, wusste, gewusst
    1. know (
    von oder geh
    um about);
    wissen lassen, dass … let on that …;
    ich weiß genau, dass … I know for a fact that …;
    weißt du noch? (do you) remember?;
    ich weiß seinen Namen nicht mehr I can’t remember his name;
    weißt du schon das Neueste? have you heard the latest?;
    woher weißt du das? how do you know?;
    sie weiß nicht, was sie will she doesn’t know what she wants;
    er weiß nicht, was er sagt he doesn’t know what he’s talking about;
    sie ist sehr hübsch, aber sie weiß es auch she’s very pretty and she knows it;
    er weiß immer alles besser iron he always knows better;
    das musst du selber wissen that’s up to you;
    ich möchte wissen, wie etc (ich frage mich) I wonder how etc;
    ich möchte (doch) gern wissen … I’d (really) like to know …;
    ich möchte nicht wissen, was … I wouldn’t like to know what …;
    wenn ich nur wüsste, … if I only knew …;
    das hätte ich (früher) wissen sollen! I wish I’d known (earlier);
    woher soll ich denn das wissen? oder
    was ich immer alles wissen soll! umg how am I supposed to know that!;
    woher will er denn das wissen? where’s he got ( oder where’d he learn) that from?;
    das weiß doch jedes Kind! any child knows that!;
    ich will von ihm/davon nichts wissen I don’t want anything to do with him/it;
    ich will von ihr nichts mehr wissen I’m through with her;
    von Geld wollte er nichts wissen he refused to ( oder he wouldn’t) accept any money;
    jetzt will ich’s aber wissen! umg (beweisen, versuchen etc) there’s only one way to find out!; → Bescheid 3, Rat1 1
    weißt du was? umg (do) you know what?;
    weißt du, … you know …;
    du musst (nämlich) wissen, dass … you must know that …; erklärend: I have to tell you that …;
    nicht/wohl wissend, dass … not knowing/knowing very well that …;
    gewusst, wie! umg it’s easy when you know how!;
    was weiß ich! umg how should I know?, how am I supposed to know?;
    ich weiß nicht recht I’m not (so) sure, I dunno umg;
    man kann nie wissen umg you never know;
    bei ihr kann man nie wissen with her you never know;
    soviel ich weiß as far as I know;
    ich wüsste nicht warum/wie! I’ve no idea why/how!;
    nicht, dass ich wüsste! not that I know of;
    (ja,) wenn ich das wüsste! (well) if I knew that!;
    das wissen die Götter! God knows!;
    was ich nicht weiß, macht mich nicht heiß sprichw what you don’t know can’t hurt you, what the eye doesn’t see the heart doesn’t grieve over;
    ich weiß, dass ich nichts weiß Sokrates: I know that I know nothing
    3. (+inf mit zu):
    sich zu helfen/verteidigen/wehren wissen be able ( oder know how) to look after/defend o.s.;
    ich werde ihn schon zu finden wissen I’ll find him all right, I’ll find him, don’t you worry;
    sie weiß nichts mit sich/mit i-r Freiheit anzufangen she doesn’t know what to do with herself/her freedom
    4. geh:
    jemanden/sich in Sicherheit wissen know that sb/one is safe;
    er wusste sie gesund und sicher zu Hause he knew that she was safe and well at home;
    ich möchte das so verstanden wissen I’d like to have that understood
    5. umg, verstärkend:
    als ob es wer weiß was gekostet hätte as if it had cost goodness knows how much;
    er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he thinks he’s ever so clever (US smart)
    * * *
    das; Wissens knowledge

    wider od. gegen besseres Wissen — against one's better judgement

    * * *
    n.
    knowledge n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > wissen

  • 10 wiedza

    -y; f
    knowledge; ( specjalistyczna) expertise; ( technologiczna) know-how
    * * *
    f.
    knowledge; ( tradycyjna) lore; (= nauka) learning; (= uświadomienie sobie) realization; wiedza książkowa book learning, booklore; wiedza ogólna general knowledge; bez mojej wiedzy without my knowledge; dziedzina wiedzy discipline of learning.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wiedza

  • 11 insaputa

    all'insaputa di qualcuno unknown to s.o.
    * * *
    insaputa, all' locuz.avv. unknown to (s.o., sthg.), without the knowledge of (s.o., sthg.): a sua insaputa, without his knowing it.
    * * *
    all'insaputa [allinsa'puta] avverbio

    all'insaputa di qcn. — without sb.'s knowledge

    * * *
    insaputa
    all'insaputa/allinsa'puta/
    all'insaputa di qcn. without sb.'s knowledge; a mia insaputa unbeknown to me; sono partito a loro insaputa I left without their knowing.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > insaputa

  • 12 без ведома

    (чьего, кого)
    without smb.'s knowledge, without the knowledge (authorization) of smb.

    Без ведома главного инженера она впервые надела водолазный костюм. (В. Ажаев, Далеко от Москвы) — Without the knowledge of the chief engineer she put on a diving suit for the first time.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > без ведома

  • 13 insaputa sf

    [insa'puta]

    all'insaputa di qn — without sb's knowledge, unbeknown to sb, without sb knowing

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > insaputa sf

  • 14 insaputa

    sf [insa'puta]

    all'insaputa di qn — without sb's knowledge, unbeknown to sb, without sb knowing

    Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > insaputa

  • 15 понимание

    understanding, comprehension, meaning
    • Большая часть этого не дала нам никакого дополнительного понимания... - Most of this fails to provide any additional insight into...
    • В данной главе (у читателя) предполагается интуитивное понимание... - In this chapter we assume an intuitive knowledge of...
    • В соответствии с таким пониманием,... - According to this view,...
    • Для лучшего понимания процесса необходимо... - In order to have a better understanding of the process, it is necessary to...
    • Его лекции внесли новое понимание явлений... - His lectures provided new insight regarding the effects of...
    • Его точный смысл достаточно труден для понимания. - The precise meaning of this is rather difficult to grasp.
    • Лучшее понимание было получено на пути, когда/где... - A better understanding has been gained of the way in which...
    • Мы не можем достичь совершенного понимания этого, пока не... - We cannot arrive at a comprehensive view of this unless we...
    • Мы рассматриваем довольно идеализированную модель, которая дает некоторое понимание... - We consider a rather idealized model which gives some insight into...
    • Наше современное понимание... основано на... - Our present-day understanding of... is based on...
    • Невозможно получить полное понимание... без основных знаний... - It is impossible to gain a thorough knowledge of... without a basic knowledge of...
    • Некоторая аналогия иногда бывает полезной для понимания... - An analogy is sometimes useful in understanding...
    • Некоторое знание... необходимо для понимания... - Some knowledge of... is necessary to an understanding of...
    • Некоторое понимание причины такого поведения можно получить... - Some insight into the reason for this behavior can be gained by...
    • Но очевидно, что подобное понимание является бессмысленным. - But such a view is clearly nonsense.
    • Поверхностное понимание данной теоремы могло бы привести к убеждению, что... - A superficial reading of this theorem might lead one to believe that...
    • Решающим здесь является понимание, что... - It is crucial to understand that...
    • Следующая теорема дает более глубокое понимание... - The next theorem provides more insight into...
    • Следующее простое рассуждение может дать некоторое понимание... - The following simple reasoning may give some insight into...
    • Такое понимание (= точка зрения) предполагает, что... - This view presumes that...
    • Только в последние годы мы пришли к пониманию, что... - Only in recent years have we come to understand that...
    • Что (действительно) необходимо - это ясное понимание... - What is needed is a clear understanding of...
    • Чтобы избежать неверного понимания, мы... - То avoid misunderstanding, we shall...
    • Экспериментальная работа дала нам лучшее понимание механизма... - Experimental work has given us a better insight into the mechanism of...
    • Эта книга предназначена для того, чтобы дать практическим инженерам полное понимание... - This book is intended to give practicing engineers a thorough understanding of...
    • Это могло бы также привести к лучшему пониманию... - This could also lead to a better understanding of...
    • Это необходимо для существенного понимания... - This is required for a fundamental understanding of...
    • Это понимание не вступает в конфликт с... - This view does not conflict with... (
    • Это предполагает глубокое понимание... - This presupposes an intimate knowledge of...
    • Это сложная теория, она трудна для понимания. - This theory is difficult to comprehend in simple terms.
    • Этот результат подтверждает интуитивное понимание того, что... - This result confirms the intuitive view that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > понимание

  • 16 Wissen

    wis·sen
    1. wis·sen <wusste, gewusst> [ʼvɪsn̩]
    vt
    1) ( kennen)
    etw \Wissen to know sth;
    weißt du ein gutes Restaurant? do you know [of] a good restaurant?;
    wenn ich das gewusst hätte! if only I had known [that]!;
    jdn etw \Wissen lassen to let sb know [or tell sb] sth;
    wir lassen Sie dann unsere Entscheidung \Wissen we will let you know [or inform you of] our decision;
    woher soll jd das \Wissen? how should sb know that?;
    [nicht] \Wissen, was man will to [not] know what one wants;
    es nicht anders \Wissen to not know any different [or better];
    dass du es [nur] [gleich] weißt just so you know;
    davon weiß ich nichts [ o fam da weiß ich nichts von] I don't know anything about it;
    du musst \Wissen, dass... you must realize that...;
    ich wüsste nicht, dass/was... I would not know that/what...; fam, not to my knowledge, not as far as I know;
    wenn ich nur wüsste, wann/ was/ wer/ wie/wo/ob if only I knew when/what/who/how/where/whether
    etw \Wissen to know sth;
    von nichts \Wissen to have no idea [about sth];
    weißt du noch/\Wissen Sie noch? do you remember?;
    soviel [o soweit] jd weiß as far as sb knows;
    \Wissen, wann/ warum/ wie/wo/ wozu to know when/why/how/where/what for
    3) ( können)
    etw zu tun \Wissen to know how to do sth;
    jdn/etw zu nehmen \Wissen to know how to deal with sb/sth;
    jdn/etw zu schätzen \Wissen to appreciate sb/sth;
    sich nicht anders zu helfen \Wissen to not know what to do;
    sich nicht mehr zu helfen \Wissen to be at one's wits' end;
    sich zu helfen \Wissen to be resourceful
    4) (sicher sein, dass jd/ etw ist)
    jdn/sich... \Wissen to know that sb/one...;
    wir \Wissen unsere Tochter in guten Händen we know our daughter is in good hands;
    man weiß nie, wann/ was/ wie/ wozu you never know when/what/how/what... for;
    etw... \Wissen to know sth
    WENDUNGEN:
    sich vor etw dat nicht zu lassen \Wissen to be delirious with emotion;
    als sie die Stelle bekommen hat, wusste sie sich vor Freude kaum zu lassen when she got the job she was over the moon ( fam)
    von jdm/etw nichts [mehr] \Wissen wollen ( fam) to not want to have anything more to do with sb/sth;
    oder was weiß ich ( fam)... or sth ( fam)
    weißt du was? ( fam) [do] you know what?;
    und was weiß ich noch alles ( fam)... and goodness knows what else
    vi
    von [o um] etw \Wissen ( geh) to know sth;
    \Wissen, wovon man redet to know what one is talking about;
    man kann nie wissen! ( fam) you never know!
    2) [ach,] weißt du/wissen Sie,... [oh]... you know;
    ich weiß, ich weiß I know, I know;
    wer weiß warum/ was/ wer/ wen/ wem ( fam) goodness [or ( fam) God] knows why/what/who/whom;
    er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he doesn't half think he is clever;
    wer weiß wo ( fam) who knows where;
    wer weiß wo er bleibt who knows where he's got to
    WENDUNGEN:
    nicht mehr aus noch ein \Wissen to be at one's wits' end;
    gewusst wie/wo! ( fam) sheer brilliance!; s. a. Henker
    2. Wis·sen <-s> [ʼvɪsn̩] nt
    kein pl knowledge no pl;
    nach bestem \Wissen und Gewissen ( geh) to the best of one's knowledge;
    \Wissen ist Macht knowledge is power;
    wider/gegen besseres \Wissen against one's better judgement;
    ohne jds \Wissen und Willen without sb's knowledge and consent

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Wissen

  • 17 wissen

    wis·sen
    1. wis·sen <wusste, gewusst> [ʼvɪsn̩]
    vt
    1) ( kennen)
    etw \wissen to know sth;
    weißt du ein gutes Restaurant? do you know [of] a good restaurant?;
    wenn ich das gewusst hätte! if only I had known [that]!;
    jdn etw \wissen lassen to let sb know [or tell sb] sth;
    wir lassen Sie dann unsere Entscheidung \wissen we will let you know [or inform you of] our decision;
    woher soll jd das \wissen? how should sb know that?;
    [nicht] \wissen, was man will to [not] know what one wants;
    es nicht anders \wissen to not know any different [or better];
    dass du es [nur] [gleich] weißt just so you know;
    davon weiß ich nichts [ o fam da weiß ich nichts von] I don't know anything about it;
    du musst \wissen, dass... you must realize that...;
    ich wüsste nicht, dass/was... I would not know that/what...; fam, not to my knowledge, not as far as I know;
    wenn ich nur wüsste, wann/ was/ wer/ wie/wo/ob if only I knew when/what/who/how/where/whether
    etw \wissen to know sth;
    von nichts \wissen to have no idea [about sth];
    weißt du noch/\wissen Sie noch? do you remember?;
    soviel [o soweit] jd weiß as far as sb knows;
    \wissen, wann/ warum/ wie/wo/ wozu to know when/why/how/where/what for
    3) ( können)
    etw zu tun \wissen to know how to do sth;
    jdn/etw zu nehmen \wissen to know how to deal with sb/sth;
    jdn/etw zu schätzen \wissen to appreciate sb/sth;
    sich nicht anders zu helfen \wissen to not know what to do;
    sich nicht mehr zu helfen \wissen to be at one's wits' end;
    sich zu helfen \wissen to be resourceful
    4) (sicher sein, dass jd/ etw ist)
    jdn/sich... \wissen to know that sb/one...;
    wir \wissen unsere Tochter in guten Händen we know our daughter is in good hands;
    man weiß nie, wann/ was/ wie/ wozu you never know when/what/how/what... for;
    etw... \wissen to know sth
    WENDUNGEN:
    sich vor etw dat nicht zu lassen \wissen to be delirious with emotion;
    als sie die Stelle bekommen hat, wusste sie sich vor Freude kaum zu lassen when she got the job she was over the moon ( fam)
    von jdm/etw nichts [mehr] \wissen wollen ( fam) to not want to have anything more to do with sb/sth;
    oder was weiß ich ( fam)... or sth ( fam)
    weißt du was? ( fam) [do] you know what?;
    und was weiß ich noch alles ( fam)... and goodness knows what else
    vi
    von [o um] etw \wissen ( geh) to know sth;
    \wissen, wovon man redet to know what one is talking about;
    man kann nie wissen! ( fam) you never know!
    2) [ach,] weißt du/wissen Sie,... [oh]... you know;
    ich weiß, ich weiß I know, I know;
    wer weiß warum/ was/ wer/ wen/ wem ( fam) goodness [or ( fam) God] knows why/what/who/whom;
    er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he doesn't half think he is clever;
    wer weiß wo ( fam) who knows where;
    wer weiß wo er bleibt who knows where he's got to
    WENDUNGEN:
    nicht mehr aus noch ein \wissen to be at one's wits' end;
    gewusst wie/wo! ( fam) sheer brilliance!; s. a. Henker
    2. Wis·sen <-s> [ʼvɪsn̩] nt
    kein pl knowledge no pl;
    nach bestem \wissen und Gewissen ( geh) to the best of one's knowledge;
    \wissen ist Macht knowledge is power;
    wider/gegen besseres \wissen against one's better judgement;
    ohne jds \wissen und Willen without sb's knowledge and consent

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > wissen

  • 18 невозможно

    (= нельзя, см. также возможно) it is impossible
    • В данный момент невозможно дать... - It is not possible at this time to give...
    • В общем случае будет невозможно (найти и т. п.)... - It will not in general be possible to...
    • В связи с тем фактом, что..., очевидно, что это невозможно. - This is obviously impossible in light of the fact that...
    • В этом случае невозможно более (использовать, применять и 'т. п.)... - In this case, it is no longer possible to...
    • Данный метод невозможно применить, когда/ если... - The method is not applicable when...
    • Здесь невозможно (обсуждать и т. п.)... - It will not be possible here to...
    • Мы заключаем, что невозможно... - We conclude that it is impossible to...
    • Невозможно (указать и т. п.)... - It is not feasible to...
    • Невозможно определенно сказать, что... - It is impossible to state conclusively that...
    • Невозможно переоценить важность анализа... -It is impossible to overestimate the importance of analysis of...
    • Невозможно получить полное понимание... без основных знаний... - It is impossible to gain a thorough knowledge of... without a basic knowledge of...
    • Никакое общее решение здесь невозможно, так как... - No general resolution is possible, since...
    • Очевидно, что невозможно (использовать и т. п.)... - It is clearly not possible to...
    • Очень трудно, если вообще возможно, дать удовлетворительное определение... - It is difficult if not impossible to give a satisfactory definition of...
    • Подобное (утверждение и т. п.) невозможно принять без дальнейшего обоснования. - One cannot, without further justification, accept such a...
    • Практически невозможно... - It is virtually impossible to...
    • При таких условиях невозможно найти... - Under such circumstances it is impossible to find...
    • В рамках содержания этого тома невозможно дать детальный отчет о... - It is impossible within the scope of this volume to give a detailed account of...
    • Следовательно, невозможно избежать того, что... - It is therefore unavoidable that...
    • Таким образом, невозможно заранее сказать, действительно ли... - Thus, it is not possible to say in advance whether...
    • Чтобы показать, что это невозможно, давайте... - То show that this is not possible, let...
    • Это невозможно принять, потому что... - This is not acceptable because...
    • Это невозможно проверить практически. - There is no way to check this out empirically.
    • Это означает, что невозможно... - This means that it is impossible to...; This means that it is not possible to...
    • Это показывает, что невозможно... - This shows that it is impossible to...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > невозможно

  • 19 получать

    (= получить, см. также доказывать, обосновывать, устанавливать) get, obtain, receive, derive, deduce
    • Антенна используется для того, чтобы получать сигналы. - An antenna is used to receive the signal.
    • Более удобные формы решения были получены Смитом [1]. - More convenient forms of solution have been obtained by Smith [1].
    • Вот почему мы смогли получить... - This is why we were able to obtain...
    • Вычислив коэффициенты, мы можем получить... - Having calculated the coefficients, we can obtain...
    • Д-р Смит получил премию Джонса в конце июня. - Dr. Smith received the Jones Award in late June.
    • Давайте использовать это решение, чтобы получить... - Let us use this solution to obtain...
    • Далее, мы можем получить полезную информацию, изучая... - We can then obtain useful information by studying...
    • Данная идея получила свое начало при исследовании... - The idea originated with the study of...
    • Действуя аналогично, получаем, что... - By a similar procedure, it follows that...
    • Для обозначенной ориентации мы получаем... - For the orientation shown, we have...
    • До тех пор, пока не..., этот вопрос не получил ответа. - The question remained unanswered until...
    • Дополнительную информацию можно часто получить из... - Additional information can often be obtained from...
    • Ему удалось получить уравнение... - Не succeeded in obtaining the equation of...
    • Затем мы получим явные выражения для... - We next obtain explicit expressions for...
    • Из второго равенства мы получаем... - From the second equality, we have...
    • Легко получаем, что... - It follows without difficulty that...
    • Можно получить явное выражение для... - It is possible to obtain an explicit expression for...
    • Мы могли бы получить еще другую форму (чего-л). - We may obtain yet another form of...
    • Мы могли бы получить этот же результат более просто, заметив, что... - We could have obtained this result more easily by noting that...
    • Мы можем получить данный результат следующим образом. - We can obtain the result as follows.
    • Мы можем получить то же самое заключение другим способом в случае, когда... - We can reach the same conclusion in another way for the case of...
    • Мы надеемся получить теорему о... - We hope to obtain a theorem regarding...; We hope to establish a theorem regarding...
    • Мы снова получили... - Again we have obtained...
    • Мы также можем получить выражение для... - We can also obtain an expression for...
    • На этом пути мы можем получить (вывести и т. п.).. - In this way we can arrive at...
    • Невозможно получить полное понимание... без основополагающих знаний... - It is impossible to gain a thorough knowledge of... without a basic knowledge of...
    • Некоторое понимание причины такого поведения можно получить (проделывая и т. п.)... - Some insight into the reason for this behavior can be gained by...
    • Оставляя этот случай в стороне, получаем, что... - Leaving this case out of consideration, it follows that...
    • Очевидно, что мы не можем получить никакой ошибки из... - Obviously no error can result from...
    • Подставляя (1) в уравнение (2), мы получаем... - Substituting (1) into (2), we obtain...
    • Полагая у - х, мы получаем... - Setting у = х, we obtain...
    • Получим теперь решение... - We shall now derive a solution of...
    • Пользуясь вторым законом Ньютона, мы получаем... - By Newton's second law, we have...
    • Прекрасное совпадение с экспериментальными данными обычно можно получить... - An excellent fit to experimental data can usually be obtained by...
    • Преобразуя подобным образом остальные члены, мы получаем... - Transforming the remaining terms in a similar manner, we obtain...
    • Простое и прямое доказательство может получить (применением и т. п.)... - A simple and direct proof can be obtained by...
    • Решения этих уравнений можно получить графически (с помощью и т. п.)... - Solutions to these equations can be obtained graphically by...
    • Сначала мы получим... - Initially, we will obtain...
    • Таким образом, мы получаем выражения... - In this way we obtain the expressions...
    • Теперь мы получаем возможность... - This raises the possibility that...
    • Теперь мы получили желаемый результат. - We now have the desired result.
    • Теперь мы получим альтернативное выражение для... - We now obtain an alternative expression for...
    • Теперь мы получим полезный критерий для... - We now obtain a useful criterion for...
    • Теперь нам будет достаточно получить... - Here we shall be satisfied to obtain...
    • Тот же самый результат можно получить простым (вычислением и т. п.)... - The same result may be obtained by simply...
    • Точные решения уравнения (1) можно получить в терминах известных функций, когда... - Exact solutions to (1) can be obtained in terms of known functions when...
    • Трудно получить относительно чистый образец данного материала. - It is difficult to obtain a relatively pure sample of the material.
    • Чтобы получить (2.2), отметим, что... - То obtain (2.2), we note that...
    • Чтобы получить необходимый результат, мы... - То obtain the required result, let...
    • Чтобы получить неявное выражение для f(x) предположим, что... - То obtain an explicit expression for fix), suppose that...
    • Чтобы получить практический результат в подобных случаях, мы... - То obtain a practical result in such cases, we...
    • Чтобы получить удовлетворительную теорию, мы обязаны... - То obtain a satisfactory theory it is necessary to...
    • Эти идеи получают немедленно приложение к/в... - These ideas have immediate application in...
    • Эти методы получают своих сторонников, так как... - These methods attract proponents because...
    • Эти результаты, очевидно, получают значительно большее значение, когда... - These matters are clearly of much greater importance when...
    • Это можно получить следующим образом. - This can be obtained as follows.
    • Это решение можно получить наиболее просто, используя... - The solution is most readily obtained by the use of...
    • Это соотношение можно также получить, исходя из теории электромагнетизма. - This relation can also be obtained from the theory of electromagnetism.
    • Этот же результат можно получить другим способом. - It is possible to obtain this result in a different way.
    • Этот результат можно было бы получить более легко, увидев, что... - This result could have been obtained more easily by recognizing that...
    • Этот результат также можно было бы получить, применяя... - This result may also be obtained by means of...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > получать

  • 20 galés

    m.
    1 Wales.
    2 Welshman, native of Cambria, Cambrian.
    3 Welsh, Welch, native of Wales.
    4 Welsh, Celtic language, Celtic language of Welsh, Cymric.
    m.pl.
    gals.
    * * *
    1 Wales
    \
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - galesa)
    noun adj.
    * * *
    * * *
    * * *
    = Welsh, Welshman [Welshmen, -pl.].
    Nota: Nombre.
    Ex. This article offers librarians clues for helping users who descend from English and Welsh ancestry solve genealogical mysteries.
    Ex. Without a considerable knowledge of LCSH it is difficult to see how a user could find the heading Welshmen.
    ----
    * Nueva Gales del Sur = New South Wales.
    * País de Gales = Wales.
    * * *
    * * *
    = Welsh, Welshman [Welshmen, -pl.].
    Nota: Nombre.

    Ex: This article offers librarians clues for helping users who descend from English and Welsh ancestry solve genealogical mysteries.

    Ex: Without a considerable knowledge of LCSH it is difficult to see how a user could find the heading Welshmen.
    * Nueva Gales del Sur = New South Wales.
    * País de Gales = Wales.

    * * *
    tb
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    Gales    
    galés
    Gales sustantivo masculino: tb

    galés 1 -lesa adjetivo
    Welsh
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( persona) (m) Welshman;

    (f) Welshwoman;

    galés 2 sustantivo masculino ( idioma) Welsh
    Gales sustantivo masculino (país de) Gales, Wales
    galés,-esa
    I adjetivo Welsh
    II m,f (hombre) Welshman
    (mujer) Welshwoman
    los galeses, the Welsh
    III m (idioma) Welsh

    ' galés' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    Gales
    - galesa
    - país
    English:
    hail
    - obscure
    - prince
    - rather
    - Wales
    - Welsh
    - Welshman
    * * *
    * * *
    m
    :
    * * *
    galés, - lesa adj
    : Welsh
    galés, - lesa nm, pl galeses
    1) : Welshman m, Welshwoman f
    2)
    los galeses : the Welsh
    galés nm
    : Welsh (language)
    * * *
    galés1 adj Welsh
    galés2 n
    1. (idioma) Welsh
    2. (persona) Welshman [pl. Welshmen] / Welshwoman [pl. Welshwomen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > galés

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