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[ˈʃætə] verb يُكَسِّر، يُهَشِّم يَنْزَعِج جِدا، يَتَهشَّم

[ʃat] present participle ˈshutting: past tense, past participle shut يُقْفِل، يُغْلِق يَنْقَفِل يُقْفِل يُقْفَل عَلَيْه مُغْلَق، مُقْفَل، موصَد

إلى \ to: showing possession or position: It belongs to them. It was stuck to the wall, in expressions of place and time; showing where sb. or sth. goes; showing an aim or limit; showing a point that is reached: We walked to school. He jumped on to the table. I was away from June to October. against: touching (usually sth. upright): He pressed his nose against the glass. for: towards: We set off for home. into: showing a change of condition: The castle was turned into a hotel. till, until: up to (a certain time): We waited from 6.30 till midnight. \ إلى \ there: in or to that place: Let’s go there; we line there. \ See Also في ذلك المكان \ إلى \ somewhere: in or to some place (but usu. anywhere in negative sentences and questions): I’ve met him somewhere before. Let’s go somewhere peaceful (to some peaceful place). \ See Also أو في مَكانٍ ما \ إلى الأبَد \ forever: (also two words: (for ever) for always; endlessly: I can’t wait forever. \ إلى أَبْعَد حَدّ \ exceedingly: very: He’s exceedingly clever. extremely: very: You’re extremely kind. \ إلى أَبْعَد الحُدود \ ever so: very: It’s ever so easy. \ إلى أَبْعَد مِن \ farther: at or to a greater distance: I was too tired to go farther. \ إلى اتّجاه آخر \ round: so as to face in a different or opposite direction: The wind went round from east to north. He turned the car round and went back. \ إلى الاتّجاه المُضادّ \ round: so as to face in a different or opposite direction: The wind went round from east to north. He turned the car round and went back. \ إلى الآخِر \ right: all the way: Go right to the end of the road. Go right back to the beginning. \ إلى أَسْفَل \ down: from a higher level to a lower one: The aeroplane came down slowly, from a higher level to a lower one: I climbed down the tree. The rope hung down the wall. downward, downwards: in a downward direction: He lay, face downwards, on the grass. over: to from an upright (or straight) position to a flat (or bent) position: I fell over. He knocked me over. \ إلى أَعْلَى \ up: towards the top of: We climbed up the hill, in or to higher position: She lives up in the hills. She looked up at the stars. He got up from his chair. Prices often go up. uphill: up a slope: The road winds uphill for a mile. upward: in an upward direction: The aeroplane flew upwards. \ إلى أَعْلَى وإلى أسفل \ up and down: off the ground and back to it; higher and lower: He was jumping up and down. He waved his stick up and down. \ إلى أَقْصَى ما أعرِفه عنه \ to the best of sb.’s knowledge: as far as I know: To the best of my knowledge, he is honest (I have no reason to doubt his honesty). \ إلى الأَمام \ along: on; forward: She hurried along. forth: old use forwards; onwards. forward: also forwards towards the front: He stepped forward(s) to greet me. \ إلى أَن \ (prep. fml.) pending: until: I put his letter in a drawer, pending his arrival. till: up to the time when: I waited till he was ready. until: up to the time that: She stayed until I returned. \ إلى الآن \ hitherto: up to now: Hitherto, he had never been absent from work. \ إلى أو بارتفاع الرُّكبة \ knee-deep: up to the knees: The river was only knee-deep. \ إلى أو في الاتِّجاه المُعَاكِس \ about: facing the opposite way: The ship turned about and came back to harbour. \ إلى أو في داخِل \ into: (showing direction) in: He fell into a hole. She came into the house. \ إلى أو نحو الأرض \ down: on to the ground: I fell down. He knocked me down. \ إلى أو نَحْوَ الدّاخِل \ inwards: towards the inside: The door opened inwards. \ إلى أيّ حَدّ \ any: (with comparative words) at all; in any way: Do you feel any better?He’s too old to go any faster. \ إلى أَيْنَ؟ \ where: in or to what place: Where do you live? Where are you going?. \ إلى الجانِب الآخر \ over: across, from one side to the other: The gate was locked, so he climbed over. \ إلى الجهة الأخرى \ the other way round: in the opposite direction; happening in another order or relationship: Turn the chair the other way round so that you can see out of the window. George didn’t hit John - it was the other way round (John hit George). \ إلى الجهة أو الناحية الأخرى \ over: so that a different side is upwards: Turn the page over. Roll the body over. \ إلى حَدّ أنّهُ \ so: showing an effect: It was so cold that the water froze. He’s not so ill as to need a doctor. \ إلى حَدٍّ بعيد \ by far: by a long way or very much: He is by far the better player of the two. He plays better by far. largely: mostly: The accident was largely his own fault. quite: (often followed by but) not very, but reasonably; fairly: She’s quite tall, but not as tall as you. He’s quite a nice boy, but he’s lazy. stiff: (with the verbs bore, scare, worry) to a state of tiredness; nearly to death: Long speeches bore me stiff. \ إلى حَدٍّ كبير \ enormously: very greatly: I enjoyed myself enormously. madly: in a mad way; very much: He’s madly keen on football. much: greatly: I don’t much like it. such: of a kind that produces a certain result: It was such a heavy box that I could not lift it. Its weight was such that I could not lift it. \ إلى حَدٍّ ما \ fairly: (with an adj. or adv.) slightly; not completely: a fairly easy job; fairly well done. moderately: reasonably; quite, but not very: I’m moderately sure about it. It was a moderately warm day. more or less: about, but not exactly: She’s more or less ready, but she can’t find her handbag. partially: not wholly; not completely: He’s partially blind. partly: not completely; in regard to a part: It was partly my fault, and partly his. rather: not very, but fairly: I was rather sorry to miss that meeting. We arrived rather (slightly) earlier than we expected. reasonably: fairly; enough, but not completely: I’m reasonably certain of success. slightly: a little: He’s slightly taller than I am. somewhat: rather: He’s somewhat older than you are. to a certain degree: not completely: To a certain degree, it was my fault. pretty: fairly; comparatively: a pretty cheap car (cheaper than most cars). \ See Also جزئيا (جزئيًّا)، باعتدال، تقريبا (تقريبًا)‏ \ إلى حَيْثُ \ where: in or to the place in which: I’m going where I always go. Leave him where he is. \ See Also حيث (حَيْثُ)‏ \ إلى الخَارج \ abroad: in or to another country: I spent my holiday abroad. out: from inside: The door opened and a man came out. \ See Also في الخَارِج \ إلى الخَلْف \ back: away from the front: Stand back from the fire. backward(s): towards the back: He fell over backwards. \ إلى داخِل \ in: showing entrance or direction: He looked in through the window. He came in. He threw a stone in. inside: on (or to) the inside of: Please wait inside the room. \ See Also في داخِل \ إلى درجة أَقَلّ \ down: less; to a weaker or lower state: First heat the metal up, then cool it down. We must cut down our costs. \ إلى الطَّابق الأَسْفَل \ down: downstairs: He’s out of bed and he’ll be down in a minute. downstairs: down the stairs: He hurried downstairs. \ إلى غير رَجْعَة \ for good: for ever: I’ve stopped smoking for good. \ إلى فَوْق \ up: towards the top of: We climbed up the hill. \ See Also فوق (فَوْق)‏ \ إلى قِطع صغيرة \ to bits: (after verbs like come, go, fall, blow, cut, tear) into little pieces: My glasses fell to bits on the floor. \ إلى ما قبلَ (وقت محدد)‏ \ hitherto: up to now; up to the past time already spoken of: Hitherto, he had never been absent from work. \ إلى النِّهاية \ out: completely: I was tired out. right: all the way: Go right to the end of the road. up: (with verbs) completely; to the end: Finish up your food. \ إلى هذا الحَدّ \ so far: until now: We’ve won six games so far. this: so: I didn’t expect him to be this late (so late as he is) The fish was only this big (the size that I’m showing you). \ See Also حتّى الآن \ إلى هُنا \ here: at, in or to this place: I live here. Come here! He lives near here. Is the hospital far from here?. \ See Also هنا (هُنا)‏ \ إلى هُناك \ there: to that place: Let’s go there. \ See Also هناك (هُناك)‏ \ إلى اليَمين \ clockwise: in the direction taken by the hands of a clock: To open this lock, turn the key clockwise (or in a clockwise direction).

رَأْس \ apex, apexes or apices: the highest point. head: the part of the body that is above the neck; the top of sth. (a list, a nail, etc.); the effective part of a tool (an axe, a hammer, etc.). top: the highest point or part: a mountain top; at the top of the tall building. \ بِالرَّأس \ headfirst: with the head before the body: He jumped headfirst through the window. \ الرَّأْسُ أولاً \ headfirst: with the head before the body: He jumped headfirst through the window. headlong: (only with to fall) headfirst: He fell headlong down the stairs. \ رَأْسُ البَرّ \ cape: a point of land that sticks out into the sea: The Cape of Good hope. headland: a point of land that sticks out into the sea. \ رَأْسُ الفِتْنة \ ringleader: the leader of a group of wrongdoers. \ رَأْسُ المَال \ capital: the whole wealth of a person or company: The company has a capital of $90,000. \ رَأْسُ مَال (مؤسسة علمية، إلخ)‏ \ foundation: money, etc., given to help a school, etc., when it is set up. \ رَأْسٌ مُدَبَّب \ point: a sharp end (of a nail, pencil, weapon, etc.).

رَفَعَ \ elevate: to lift up. lift: (often with up) to take up; raise: I lifted the child (up) on to my knee. The box was too heavy to lift. pick up: to lift (from the ground, from a table, etc.): Pick up what you’ve dropped. put up: to raise (one’s hands, the price, etc.). raise: to lift; move to a higher position: He raised his arm and pointed at the sky. She raised her cup and drank, increase; make higher He raised the price (or his offer) from $4 to $5. She raised her voice (spoke louder). The news raised my hopes (made me more hopeful). \ See Also رَقِيَ، شال (شَالَ)، التقط (اِلْتَقَطَ)، زاد (زَادَ)‏ \ رَفَعَ بآلة \ hoist: to raise by means of a rope or a machine: The captain told them to hoist the flag. \ رَفَعَ بجهد \ heave: to lift, move or throw a heavy object: Who heaved that brick through the window. \ رَفَعَ بالرّافِعة \ jack: to lift with a jack: Please jack up this side of my lorry, and change the front tyre. winch: to raise or pull with a winch: The car was winched on to the ship. \ رَفَعَ بالعَتَلَة \ lever: to move with a lever: He levered the top off the box, which had been nailed up. \ رَفَعَ دَعْوَى عَلَى \ bring (brought): (in law) to start or put forward (a charge or case). sue: to claim money from (sb.) in court: I sued him for damaging my car. \ رَفَعَ الكُلْفَةَ \ take a liberty: to do sth. that is not polite unless one has asked for permission first: He took the liberty of borrowing my bicycle while I was out. \ See Also تجرأ (تَجَرَّأَ)‏ \ رَفَعَ وأَلْقَى \ heave: to lift, move or throw a heavy object: Who heaved that brick through the window.

عَنْ \ about: concerning: This is a book about snakes. for: instead of: I’m busy, so please do it for me. from: showing separation, distance, etc.: He took it away from her. He was far from home. of: (after an adj.) showing separation; from: a mile north of the town; free of trouble, (after an adj. or verb) concerning. off: (showing removal or separation) from: He jumped off his horse. She took her coat off the hook, (of movement) away from The car turned off the road into a field. on: (showing the subject) about; Is this a book on birds?. \ عَنْ بُعْد \ from afar: from a great distance. \ عَنْ رِضًى \ readily: willingly. \ عَنْ طَرِيق \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We travel by land (or by car). We did that by mistake. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. care of: (often written c/o) at the address of: Write to me c/o the George Hotel. through: by means of; as a result of: I heard the news through a friend. He lost his way through having no map. via: by way of; passing through: We flew from London to Geneva via Paris. \ عَنْ طَرِيق (خِلالَ)‏ \ by: (showing the way used) along; across; over; through: He came by the main road (or by the fields or by the bridge). \ عَنْ طَرِيق الخَطَأ \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: adv. (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. \ عَنْ طِيب خاطِر \ readily; willingly: gladly; readily. \ عَنْ عَمْد \ on purpose: intentionally; not by mistake or by chance: I left the window open on purpose, to let in some fresh air. \ عَنْ قَريب \ presently: soon: Dinner will be ready presently. soon: in a short time: We shall be ready quite soon. He jumped into bed and was soon asleep. \ عَنْ قَصْد \ on purpose: intentionally; not by mistake or by chance: I left the window open on purpose, to let in some fresh air.

مِظَلَّة \ awning: a covering like a tent, over a doorway or window, etc., to keep off the sun. sunshade: a metal folding frame covered with ornamental cloth, and supported on a long handle fixed to the ground or carried as a protection against the sun; a piece of material (above a window, above one’s eyes, etc.) that provides shade. umbrella: a personal shelter (from rain or sun); it is made of cloth on a wire frame, which can be folded round a central stick that is carried in the hand. \ مِظَلَّة (المِصْباح)‏ \ shade: sth. that gives protection from a bright light: a lampshade. \ See Also كمة (كُمَّة)‏ \ مِظَلَّة للهُبوط (براشوت)‏ \ parachute: a device that slows the fall of a person (or of supplies) from an aircraft. \ مِظَلَّة المصباح \ lampshade: a cover for a lamp, to soften or direct its light.

مَنْظَر \ outlook: view: the outlook from my window. scene: a view; what one sees in a view: Spring flowers in the garden make a pretty scene, one of the shorter divisions of a play Hamlet is killed in Scene 2 of Act 5 of the play. scenery: the general look of the countryside (of its hills, woods, etc.): mountain scenery; desert scenery. sight: sth. that is seen, or is worth seeing: The spring flowers in the public gardens are a wonderful sight. We are going to Rome to see the sights. spectacle: a sight; a show: a shameful spectacle; a splendid spectacle. view: a sight: From my window I had a view of the coast. The house came into view as we turned the corner. \ See Also مَشْهَد (من مسرحيّة)، فرجة (فُرْجَة)، مرأى (مَرْأى)، شيءٌ حَرِيٌّ بالنظر \ المَنْظَر الجانِبيّ للرّأس \ profile: the side view of a face, showing the shape of the nose, etc.. \ مَنْظَر طبيعيّ \ landscape: a stretch of country that forms a view; a picture of this: a landscape painter; mountainous landscape.

مِظَلَّة \ awning: a covering like a tent, over a doorway or window, etc., to keep off the sun. sunshade: a metal folding frame covered with ornamental cloth, and supported on a long handle fixed to the ground or carried as a protection against the sun; a piece of material (above a window, above one’s eyes, etc.) that provides shade. umbrella: a personal shelter (from rain or sun); it is made of cloth on a wire frame, which can be folded round a central stick that is carried in the hand.

مِظَلَّة \ awning: a covering like a tent, over a doorway or window, etc., to keep off the sun. sunshade: a metal folding frame covered with ornamental cloth, and supported on a long handle fixed to the ground or carried as a protection against the sun; a piece of material (above a window, above one’s eyes, etc.) that provides shade. umbrella: a personal shelter (from rain or sun); it is made of cloth on a wire frame, which can be folded round a central stick that is carried in the hand.

مِظَلَّة \ awning: a covering like a tent, over a doorway or window, etc., to keep off the sun. sunshade: a metal folding frame covered with ornamental cloth, and supported on a long handle fixed to the ground or carried as a protection against the sun; a piece of material (above a window, above one’s eyes, etc.) that provides shade. umbrella: a personal shelter (from rain or sun); it is made of cloth on a wire frame, which can be folded round a central stick that is carried in the hand.

أَطْبَقَ على \ close: (with adv. or prep.) to come near: The crowd closed round him. The players closed in for an attack. \ اِنْتِهَاء \ close: end: The meeting came to a close. \ See Also نهاية (نِهَايَة)‏ \ تَجَمَّعَ (حَولَ)‏ \ close: (with adv. or prep.) to come near: The crowd closed round him. The players closed in for an attack. \ دَنَا من \ close: (with adv or prep) come near: The crowd closed round him. \ فَاسِد الهواء \ close: (of air or weather) not fresh; hot and unpleasant to breathe: Open the window; it’s close in here. \ مُقْبِض للصَّدْر \ close: (of air or weather) not fresh; hot and unpleasant to breathe: Open the window; it’s close in here.

بَعِيد المَدَى \ extensive: wide; stretching far: an extensive knowledge of radio; an extensive view from the window. \ شاسِع \ extensive: wide; stretching far: an extensive knowledge of radio; an extensive view from the window.

الرَّأْسُ أولاً \ headfirst: with the head before the body: He jumped headfirst through the window. headlong: (only with to fall) headfirst: He fell headlong down the stairs. \ بِتَسَرُّع \ headfirst: with the head before the body: He jumped headfirst through the window. headlong: in a rush; without stopping to think: He charged headlong into the fight.

الرَّأْسُ أولاً \ headfirst: with the head before the body: He jumped headfirst through the window. headlong: (only with to fall) headfirst: He fell headlong down the stairs. \ بِتَسَرُّع \ headfirst: with the head before the body: He jumped headfirst through the window. headlong: in a rush; without stopping to think: He charged headlong into the fight.

اِرْتَفَعَ وانْخَفَضَ \ heave: to rise and fall with heavy movements: The ship was heaving up and down. \ رَفَعَ بجهد \ heave: to lift, move or throw a heavy object: Who heaved that brick through the window. \ رَفَعَ وأَلْقَى \ heave: to lift, move or throw a heavy object: Who heaved that brick through the window. \ سَحَبَ بجُهْدٍ \ heave: to pull hard at sth., esp. a rope. \ شَدَّ بقوّة \ heave: to pull hard at sth., esp. a rope. \ عَلاَ وهَبَط \ heave: to rise and fall with heavy movements: The ship was heaving up and down.

بِتَشَوُّق \ longingly: with desire: She looked longingly at the gold rings in the shop window. \ بِحَنِين \ longingly: with desire: She looked longingly at the gold rings in the shop window.

عَنْ عَمْد \ on purpose: intentionally; not by mistake or by chance: I left the window open on purpose, to let in some fresh air. \ عَنْ قَصْد \ on purpose: intentionally; not by mistake or by chance: I left the window open on purpose, to let in some fresh air.

مَنْظَر \ outlook: view: the outlook from my window. scene: a view; what one sees in a view: Spring flowers in the garden make a pretty scene, one of the shorter divisions of a play Hamlet is killed in Scene 2 of Act 5 of the play. scenery: the general look of the countryside (of its hills, woods, etc.): mountain scenery; desert scenery. sight: sth. that is seen, or is worth seeing: The spring flowers in the public gardens are a wonderful sight. We are going to Rome to see the sights. spectacle: a sight; a show: a shameful spectacle; a splendid spectacle. view: a sight: From my window I had a view of the coast. The house came into view as we turned the corner. \ See Also مَشْهَد (من مسرحيّة)، فرجة (فُرْجَة)، مرأى (مَرْأى)، شيءٌ حَرِيٌّ بالنظر

مَنْظَر \ outlook: view: the outlook from my window. scene: a view; what one sees in a view: Spring flowers in the garden make a pretty scene, one of the shorter divisions of a play Hamlet is killed in Scene 2 of Act 5 of the play. scenery: the general look of the countryside (of its hills, woods, etc.): mountain scenery; desert scenery. sight: sth. that is seen, or is worth seeing: The spring flowers in the public gardens are a wonderful sight. We are going to Rome to see the sights. spectacle: a sight; a show: a shameful spectacle; a splendid spectacle. view: a sight: From my window I had a view of the coast. The house came into view as we turned the corner. \ See Also مَشْهَد (من مسرحيّة)، فرجة (فُرْجَة)، مرأى (مَرْأى)، شيءٌ حَرِيٌّ بالنظر