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white+guard

  • 41 coprire

    cover
    errore, suono cover up
    * * *
    coprire v.tr.
    1 to cover (up) (anche fig.): il divano era coperto con un telo bianco, the couch was covered with a white sheet; se copri la pentola l'acqua bollirà prima, if you cover the pot the water will boil more quickly; si coprì il volto con le mani e pianse, he covered his face with his hands and sobbed; la neve aveva coperto tutta la campagna, the countryside was covered with snow; Mark aveva le braccia coperte di lividi, Mark's arms were covered with bruises; l'edera copriva tutto il muro, the wall was entirely covered (o overgrown) with ivy; copri bene il bambino, wrap the baby up warmly; copriti le spalle!, cover your shoulders up // (cuc.): coprire una torta di panna, to top a cake with cream; faccio coprire la torta con glassa al cioccolato, I'll have the cake topped with chocolate icing // (med.) coprire un dente con una capsula, to cap a tooth // (edil.): coprire di piastrelle, to tile; coprire di moquette, to carpet; coprire d'intonaco, to plaster // coprire di baci, di ingiurie, to cover with kisses, with abuse; coprire di gentilezze, to overwhelm (o to shower) with kindness; coprire di gloria, di onore, to cover with glory, with honour
    2 ( occultare) to cover (up): grossi nuvoloni coprirono il sole, large dark clouds covered (up) the sun; puoi coprire lo strappo con una toppa, you can cover (up) the tear with a patch; è inutile che tu cerchi di coprire i suoi errori, it's pointless for you to try and cover up his mistakes; non cercare di coprirlo, don't try and cover up for him; la musica coprì le sue parole, the music drowned out (o covered) his words
    3 ( difendere) to cover: la nostra ritirata verrà coperta dall'artiglieria, the artillery will cover our retreat; copritemi ( alle spalle)!, cover me! // coprire il re, ( scacchi) to guard the king
    4 (comm.) ( far fronte) to meet*; ( garantire) to cover: la mia assicurazione mi copre da ogni rischio, my insurance covers me against all risks; coprire le spese, to meet (o cover) expenses
    5 ( includere) to cover: è una regola che copre tutti i casi, it's a rule that covers all cases
    6 ( occupare) to hold*; ( andare a occupare) to fill: copre da anni quella carica, he has been holding that office for years; chi copre la cattedra di inglese?, who holds the chair of English?; chi coprirà il posto rimasto vacante?, who will fill the vacancy?
    7 ( distanza) to cover, to do*: il vincitore ha coperto la distanza in un'ora, the winner covered (o did) the distance in an hour
    8 (zool.) ( montare) to cover; ( di montone) to tup
    9 ( stampa, rad., tv) to cover.
    ◘ coprirsi v.rifl.
    1 to cover oneself (up): copriti bene perché fa un gran freddo, cover yourself up (o wrap yourself up) warmly because it's very cold; pensi sia necessario coprire?, do you think we ought to wear something warm? // coprire di gloria, di onore, to cover oneself with glory, with honour; coprire di vergogna, to bring shame upon oneself // coprire di debiti, to get deep into debt
    2 (comm.) ( garantirsi) to cover oneself: voglio coprirmi da ogni rischio, I want to cover (o insure) myself against all risks
    3 (sport) to guard; to be* on one's guard
    ◆ v.intr.pron.
    1 to be* covered; to get* covered: in primavera i campi si coprono di fiori, in spring the fields are covered with flowers; l'inferriata si è coperta di ruggine, the railings have got covered with rust; nel riordinare mi sono tutto coperto di polvere, I got all covered with dust while tidying up; si è tutto coperto di vesciche, he got covered all over with blisters // coprire di squame, to scale
    2 ( rannuvolarsi) to become* overcast.
    * * *
    1. [ko'prire]
    vb irreg vt
    (gen) to cover, (occupare: carica, posto) to hold, (persona: proteggere: anche), fig to cover, shield, (fig : suono) to drown, (segreto, sentimenti) to conceal

    coprire di o con — (gen) to cover with

    coprire qn di insulti/di doni — to shower insults/gifts on sb

    coprire un rischio Econ, Assicurazione — to cover a risk

    (persona) to wrap (o.s.) up, Assicurazione

    coprirsi contro — to insure o.s. against

    coprirsi di gloria/di ridicolo — to cover o.s. with glory/with ridicule

    3. vip (coprirsi)
    (cielo) to cloud over

    (rivestirsi) coprirsi di — (muffa, macchie) to be covered in

    * * *
    [ko'prire] 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (ricoprire) to cover [oggetto, ferito] ( con with)
    2) (chiudere) to cover, to put* the lid on [ pentola]
    3) (avvolgere) [nebbia, neve, strato] to cover, to envelop [città, superficie]
    4) (nascondere alla vista) to hide*, to cover up

    coprire la vista a qcn. — to block sb.'s view

    coprire qcn. di — to shower sb. with, to shower [sth.] on sb. [doni, complimenti]; to cover sb. with [ baci]

    6) (contro il freddo) (con abiti) to wrap [sb.] up; (a letto) to cover [sb.] up
    7) (essere più forte di) to cover [suono, odore]
    8) (proteggere) (nascondendo la verità) to cover up for [amico, collega]; mil. sport to cover [soldato, zona del campo]

    coprire le spalle a qcn. — to cover sb.'s back

    9) (occupare, esercitare) to hold*, to fill [ carica]
    10) (percorrere) [corridore, veicolo] to cover [ distanza]
    11) (servire) [trasmettitore, radio, ispettore] to cover [ area]
    12) econ. [ somma] to cover [spese, costi]
    13) econ. (garantire) to cover [danno, rischio, persona]; to make* up for [ ammanco]
    14) [ maschio] to cover [ femmina]
    2.
    verbo pronominale coprirsi
    1) (vestirsi) to wrap up, to cover oneself up
    2) meteor. [ cielo] to become* cloudy, overcast, to cloud over
    4) econ.
    * * *
    coprire
    /ko'prire/ [91]
     1 (ricoprire) to cover [oggetto, ferito] ( con with)
     2 (chiudere) to cover, to put* the lid on [ pentola]
     3 (avvolgere) [nebbia, neve, strato] to cover, to envelop [città, superficie]
     4 (nascondere alla vista) to hide*, to cover up; coprire la vista a qcn. to block sb.'s view
     5 (dare in grande quantità) coprire qcn. di to shower sb. with, to shower [sth.] on sb. [doni, complimenti]; to cover sb. with [ baci]
     6 (contro il freddo) (con abiti) to wrap [sb.] up; (a letto) to cover [sb.] up
     7 (essere più forte di) to cover [suono, odore]
     8 (proteggere) (nascondendo la verità) to cover up for [amico, collega]; mil. sport to cover [soldato, zona del campo]; coprire le spalle a qcn. to cover sb.'s back
     9 (occupare, esercitare) to hold*, to fill [ carica]
     10 (percorrere) [corridore, veicolo] to cover [ distanza]
     11 (servire) [trasmettitore, radio, ispettore] to cover [ area]
     12 econ. [ somma] to cover [spese, costi]
     13 econ. (garantire) to cover [danno, rischio, persona]; to make* up for [ ammanco]
     14 [ maschio] to cover [ femmina]
    II coprirsi verbo pronominale
     1 (vestirsi) to wrap up, to cover oneself up
     2 meteor. [ cielo] to become* cloudy, overcast, to cloud over
     3 (riempirsi) - rsi di to become covered with; - rsi di gloria to cover oneself with glory
     4 econ. - rsi contro to cover oneself against.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > coprire

  • 42 gvardiya

    (Russian) guard(s). YOsh gvardiya communist Youth Guard. keksa gvardiya a kind of hall of fame for notable figures in a trade or profession. qizil gvardiya the Red Army, Red Guard. Oq gvardiya the White Army

    Uzbek-English dictionary > gvardiya

  • 43 imaginar

    v.
    1 to imagine.
    imagino que te has enterado de la noticia I imagine o suppose you've heard the news
    no puedes imaginar cuánto me enfadé you can't imagine how angry I was
    2 to think up, to invent.
    3 to imagine to.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to imagine
    2 (pensar) to think, imagine
    ■ ¡imagina que todos estamos a su entera disposición! she thinks we're all at her beck and call!
    3 (idear) to devise, think up
    ■ imaginó una estrategia para despistar al vigilante he thought up a way to distract the guard's attention Table 1 NOTA The form imaginarse is also used in all senses, especially in colloquial speech /Table 1
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=suponer) to imagine

    imagino que necesitaréis unas vacaciones — I imagine o suppose o guess * that you'll need a holiday

    imagina que tuvieras mucho dinero, ¿qué harías? — suppose o imagine that you had a lot of money - what would you do?

    2) (=visualizar) to imagine
    3) (=inventar) [+ plan, método] to think up
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) (suponer, figurarse) to imagine
    c) ( idear) <plan/método> to think up, come up with
    2.
    imaginarse v pron
    a) (suponer, figurarse) to imagine

    me imagino que no querrá ir — I don't imagine o suppose he feels like going

    ¿sabes cuánto costó? - me imagino que un dineral — do you know how much it cost? - a fortune, I should imagine

    ¿quedó contento? - imagínate! — was he pleased? - what do you think!

    b) ( formar una imagen mental) to imagine
    * * *
    = envision, guess, imagine, visualise [visualize, -USA], dream, confabulate.
    Ex. Let me further specify the requirements of the catalog envisioned by the Paris Principles.
    Ex. Do not use your first name, last name, or initials as a password, since this information is easily guessed by an unauthorized person.
    Ex. I do not imagine, as a result, that public libraries will, for instance, begin establishing inappropriate and complex transliterated forms of names.
    Ex. Coates believed that in order to conceptualise an action it is necessary to visualise the thing on which the action is being performed.
    Ex. This has brought us nearer to UBC than anyone would have dreamed possible thirty years ago.
    Ex. His cognitive abilities were severely compromised, and he confabulated continuously and bizarrely.
    ----
    * hacer imaginar = conjure up + a vision of, conjure up + an image of.
    * imaginarse = picture.
    * imaginarse una situación = envision + situation.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) (suponer, figurarse) to imagine
    c) ( idear) <plan/método> to think up, come up with
    2.
    imaginarse v pron
    a) (suponer, figurarse) to imagine

    me imagino que no querrá ir — I don't imagine o suppose he feels like going

    ¿sabes cuánto costó? - me imagino que un dineral — do you know how much it cost? - a fortune, I should imagine

    ¿quedó contento? - imagínate! — was he pleased? - what do you think!

    b) ( formar una imagen mental) to imagine
    * * *
    = envision, guess, imagine, visualise [visualize, -USA], dream, confabulate.

    Ex: Let me further specify the requirements of the catalog envisioned by the Paris Principles.

    Ex: Do not use your first name, last name, or initials as a password, since this information is easily guessed by an unauthorized person.
    Ex: I do not imagine, as a result, that public libraries will, for instance, begin establishing inappropriate and complex transliterated forms of names.
    Ex: Coates believed that in order to conceptualise an action it is necessary to visualise the thing on which the action is being performed.
    Ex: This has brought us nearer to UBC than anyone would have dreamed possible thirty years ago.
    Ex: His cognitive abilities were severely compromised, and he confabulated continuously and bizarrely.
    * hacer imaginar = conjure up + a vision of, conjure up + an image of.
    * imaginarse = picture.
    * imaginarse una situación = envision + situation.

    * * *
    imaginar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 (suponer, figurarse) to imagine
    imagino que seguirás con la misma empresa I suppose o imagine o expect you're still with the same company
    no puede usted imaginar cuánto se lo agradezco you can't imagine how grateful I am to you
    trata de imaginarlo pintado de blanco try to imagine o picture it painted white
    3 (idear) ‹plan/método/solución› to think up, come up with
    1 (suponer, figurarse) to imagine
    me imagino que no le habrán quedado ganas de repetir la experiencia I don't imagine o suppose he feels like repeating the experience
    no me imagino qué puede haber estado haciendo allí I can't imagine o think what he could have been doing there
    no te puedes imaginar lo mal que nos trató you've no idea how badly she treated us
    nunca me hubiera imaginado que nos iba a traicionar I'd never have dreamed o imagined that he would betray us
    ¿sabes cuánto les costó? — me imagino que un dineral do you know how much it cost them? — a fortune, I should imagine o think
    ¿quedó contento? — ¡imagínate! was he happy? — what do you think!
    ¿habrá que moverlo de ahí? — me imagino que sí do you think we'll have to move it — I suppose so o I imagine so o it looks like it
    no sabes cómo me dolió — ¡me (lo) imagino! it was unbelievably painful — I can imagine! o ( colloq) I bet it was!
    ¿te la imaginas con diez kilos menos? can you imagine o picture her ten kilos lighter?
    me lo imaginaba más alto I imagined him to be taller, I thought he would be taller
    imagínatelo sin barba imagine how he'd look without a beard
    * * *

     

    imaginar ( conjugate imaginar) verbo transitivo
    a) (suponer, figurarse) See Also→


    b) ( idear) ‹plan/método› to think up, come up with

    imaginarse verbo pronominal
    to imagine;
    ◊ me imagino que no querrá ir I don't imagine o suppose he feels like going;

    no te puedes imaginar lo mal que nos trató you've no idea how badly she treated us;
    ¿quedó contento? — ¡imagínate! was he pleased? — what do you think!;
    me imagino que sí I suppose so;
    me lo imaginaba más alto I imagined he'd be taller
    imaginar verbo transitivo
    1 to imagine: intenté imaginar algo agradable, I tried to think of something pleasant
    2 (creer, suponer) to expect, assume: imagino que vendrán enseguida, I expect they'll be here soon

    ' imaginar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    poner
    - saber
    - soñar
    - suponer
    - calcular
    - concebir
    - dónde
    English:
    see
    - think up
    - visualize
    - conceive
    - guess
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [suponer] to imagine;
    imagino que te has enterado de la noticia I imagine o suppose you've heard the news;
    imagina por un momento que eres millonario imagine for a moment that you are a millionaire;
    no puedes imaginar cuánto me enfadé you can't imagine how angry I was;
    imagina que llega y no estamos preparados imagine what would happen if she arrived and we weren't ready
    2. [visualizar] to imagine, to picture;
    imagina un mundo más justo imagine a fairer world
    3. [idear] to think up, to invent
    * * *
    v/t imagine
    * * *
    : to imagine
    * * *
    imaginar vb to imagine
    ¡imagínate! just imagine!

    Spanish-English dictionary > imaginar

  • 44 ojo

    intj.
    look out, beware, watch out.
    m.
    1 eye (anatomy).
    mírame a los ojos cuando te hablo look at me when I'm speaking to you
    ojo morado black eye
    ojos rasgados almond eyes
    ojos saltones bulging eyes
    el ojo del huracán the eye of the storm
    3 hole.
    * * *
    1 eye
    2 (agujero) hole; (de aguja) eye
    3 (cuidado, precaución) care
    ■ ¡ojo! careful!, watch out!
    ■ ojo con lo que hacéis behave yourselves!
    4 (perspicacia) insight, eye
    \
    a ojo (aproximadamente) at a rough guess 2 (a primera vista) at a glance
    a ojos vistas visibly
    andar con cien ojos to keep one's wits about one
    andarse con ojo to be very careful
    costar un ojo de la cara to cost an arm and a leg
    cuatro ojos ven más que dos two heads are better than one
    echar el ojo a algo to lay eyes on something
    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the twinkling of an eye
    estar con cien ojos to keep one's wits about one
    mirar con buenos ojos to look favourably on, approve of
    no pegar ojo familiar not to sleep a wink
    ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente out of sight, out of mind
    saltar a los ojos to be evident
    saltarle un ojo a alguien to poke somebody's eye out
    tener buen ojo (para algo) to have a good eye (for something)
    tenerle el ojo echado a algo to have one's eye on something
    ¡dichosos los ojos que te ven! it's so great to see you!
    ojo morado black eye
    ojos saltones bulging eyes
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Anat) eye

    a ojo (de buen cubero) —

    calculé a ojo (de buen cubero) cuántas personas había — I roughly calculated o made a rough guess at how many people were there

    no hace falta medir la harina, échala a ojo — there's no need to weigh out the flour, just add roughly the right amount

    - abrir los ojos a algo
    - tener buen ojo para algo

    ojo a la pava — * shiner *

    ojo de pez — (Fot) fish-eye lens

    ojo en compota — Cono Sur * shiner *

    avizor 1., dichoso 2), niña
    2) pl ojos (=vista)

    entrar por los ojos —

    irse los ojos tras algo/algn —

    3) (=cuidado)

    ¡ojo! — careful!, look out!

    ¡ojo! es muy mentiroso — be careful! he's an awful liar

    4) (=orificio) [de aguja] eye; [de queso] hole; [de puente] span

    el ojo de la cerradura o LAm llave — the keyhole

    ojo de buey — (Náut) porthole

    ojo del culo — ** hole **, arsehole ***, asshole (EEUU) ***

    5) LAm (=depósito natural)

    ojo de agua — pool, natural pool

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) eye

    cerrar los ojos a algo — to close one's mind to something

    ¿con qué ojos, divina tuerta? — (Méx fam) where do you expect me to get the money from?

    cuatro ojos ven más que dos — two heads are better than one; ver tb cuatro I

    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos — in the twinkling of an eye

    no pegué (el or un) ojo en toda la noche — I didn't sleep a wink

    salir por or costar un ojo de la cara — (fam) to cost an arm and a leg (colloq)

    ser el ojo derecho de alguien — to be the apple of somebody's eye

    ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente — out of sight, out of mind

    b) ( vista)

    toda América tiene los ojos puestos en él — the eyes of all America are on him; parche a)

    a ojo de buen cubero or a ojo or (AmS) al ojo — at a guess

    es novato, se nota a ojos vistas — he's new, you can see it a mile off (colloq)

    comer con los ojos — to ask for/take more than one can eat

    comerse a alguien con los ojos — to devour somebody with one's eyes

    echar un ojo a algo/alguien — (fam) to have o take a (quick) look at something/somebody

    entrar por los ojos: a Pepe le entra la comida por los ojos Pepe will only eat his food if it looks nice; hay que estar or andar con cuatro ojos (fam) you need eyes in the back of your head; írsele los ojos a alguien: se le van los ojos detrás de las mujeres he's always eyeing up women (colloq); mirar algo/a alguien con otros ojos to look at something/somebody through different eyes; tener a alguien entre ojos (fam) to have it in for somebody (colloq); tener ojo de lince or de águila to have eyes like a hawk; ver algo con malos ojos — to take a dim view of something

    3) (fam) (cuidado, atención)

    hay que andar or ir con mucho ojo — you have to keep your eyes open

    ojo! que viene un coche — watch out! o be careful! there's a car coming

    4) ( de aguja) eye
    5) (de tormenta, huracán) eye
    6) (Agr) ( en tubérculo) eye
    7) ( de arco) archway; ( de puente) span
    * * *
    = eye, face, eyeball.
    Ex. An important feature of the scheme in its creator's eyes was the relative index.
    Ex. He lifted about five lines from the top of the nearest page on a setting rule and balanced it on his left hand, with the face of the letter towards him and the last line uppermost.
    Ex. Researchers in Japan say they have succeeded in growing an artificial eyeball by removing cells from frog embryos.
    ----
    * abrir los ojos a = open + Posesivo + eyes to.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * ante + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * apartarse el pelo de los ojos = flick + Posesivo + hair out of + Posesivo + eyes.
    * aprobar con los ojos cerrados = sail through + exam.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * blanco del ojo = white of + Posesivo + eye.
    * cegar + los ojos = dazzle + eye.
    * comerse con los ojos = ogle.
    * con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.
    * con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.
    * con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.
    * con ojos azules = blue-eyed.
    * con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.
    * con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.
    * con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.
    * con un solo ojo = one-eyed.
    * costar un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * cría cuervos y te sacarán los ojos = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * cuentagotas para los ojos = eyedropper.
    * dar un ojo de la cara por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * delante de + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.
    * de los ojos = optical.
    * de ojos azules = blue-eyed.
    * de un solo ojo = one-eyed.
    * dichosos los ojos que te ven = a sight for sore eyes.
    * dolor de ojos = eyestrain [eye strain].
    * echar chispas por los ojos = glower, scowl (at).
    * echarle el ojo a = eye.
    * echar un ojo = keep + an eye on, have + a look.
    * en el ojo del huracán = in the eye of the hurricane.
    * entrecerrar los ojos = squint.
    * en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in a jiffy, in the time it takes to flick a switch, at the flick of a switch, with the flick of a switch, in a flash, in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time, with the tip of a hat, in and out in a flash, in a heartbeat, as quick as a wink, at the drop of a hat, in a trice.
    * en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in the blink of an eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a snap.
    * ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.
    * mirar a los ojos = make + eye contact, look + Nombre + in the eyes.
    * mirar con malos ojos = glower, scowl (at).
    * mirar fijamente a los ojos = eyeball.
    * niña de + Posesivo + ojos, la = apple of + Posesivo + eye, the.
    * no dar crédito a + Posesivo + ojos = not believe + Posesivo + eyes.
    * no ver con buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.
    * ojo de cristal = glass eye.
    * ojo de la cerradura = keyhole.
    * ojo de la tormenta, el = eye of the storm, the.
    * ojo del huracán, el = eye of the hurricane, the.
    * ojo de patio = light well.
    * ojo descubierto = naked eye.
    * ojo humano sin ayuda de lente, el = unaided eye, the.
    * ojo lloroso = runny eye, watery eye.
    * ojo medio = x-height.
    * ojo por ojo, diente por diente = tit-for-tat.
    * ojos + brillar de rabia = eyes + glint with + rage.
    * ojos curiosos = prying eyes.
    * ojos de lince = eagle eyes.
    * ojos inquisidores = prying eyes.
    * ojos irritados = bloodshot eyes.
    * ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind, ignorance is bliss.
    * ojos vidriosos = glazed eyes.
    * pagar un ojo de la cara = pay through + the nose.
    * parche para el ojo = eye patch [eyepatch].
    * poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.
    * reconocedor del movimiento de los ojos = eye tracker.
    * regalarse los ojos con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.
    * revelarse ante + Posesivo + ojos = unfold before + Posesivo + eyes.
    * sacar un ojo = gouge + eye out.
    * sombra de ojos = eye shadow.
    * tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.
    * tener mal ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a bad judge of character.
    * tener ojos en la nuca = have + eyes in the back of + Posesivo + head.
    * torcer los ojos = squint.
    * valer un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * vendar los ojos = blindfold.
    * ver Algo a través de los ojos de Alguien = look at + Nombre + through + Posesivo + eyes.
    * ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).
    * ver con un ojo crítico = view with + a critical eye.
    * ver + Nombre + con nuevos ojos = view + Nombre + through fresh eyes.
    * vista a ojo de pájaro = bird's eye view.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) eye

    cerrar los ojos a algo — to close one's mind to something

    ¿con qué ojos, divina tuerta? — (Méx fam) where do you expect me to get the money from?

    cuatro ojos ven más que dos — two heads are better than one; ver tb cuatro I

    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos — in the twinkling of an eye

    no pegué (el or un) ojo en toda la noche — I didn't sleep a wink

    salir por or costar un ojo de la cara — (fam) to cost an arm and a leg (colloq)

    ser el ojo derecho de alguien — to be the apple of somebody's eye

    ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente — out of sight, out of mind

    b) ( vista)

    toda América tiene los ojos puestos en él — the eyes of all America are on him; parche a)

    a ojo de buen cubero or a ojo or (AmS) al ojo — at a guess

    es novato, se nota a ojos vistas — he's new, you can see it a mile off (colloq)

    comer con los ojos — to ask for/take more than one can eat

    comerse a alguien con los ojos — to devour somebody with one's eyes

    echar un ojo a algo/alguien — (fam) to have o take a (quick) look at something/somebody

    entrar por los ojos: a Pepe le entra la comida por los ojos Pepe will only eat his food if it looks nice; hay que estar or andar con cuatro ojos (fam) you need eyes in the back of your head; írsele los ojos a alguien: se le van los ojos detrás de las mujeres he's always eyeing up women (colloq); mirar algo/a alguien con otros ojos to look at something/somebody through different eyes; tener a alguien entre ojos (fam) to have it in for somebody (colloq); tener ojo de lince or de águila to have eyes like a hawk; ver algo con malos ojos — to take a dim view of something

    3) (fam) (cuidado, atención)

    hay que andar or ir con mucho ojo — you have to keep your eyes open

    ojo! que viene un coche — watch out! o be careful! there's a car coming

    4) ( de aguja) eye
    5) (de tormenta, huracán) eye
    6) (Agr) ( en tubérculo) eye
    7) ( de arco) archway; ( de puente) span
    * * *
    = eye, face, eyeball.

    Ex: An important feature of the scheme in its creator's eyes was the relative index.

    Ex: He lifted about five lines from the top of the nearest page on a setting rule and balanced it on his left hand, with the face of the letter towards him and the last line uppermost.
    Ex: Researchers in Japan say they have succeeded in growing an artificial eyeball by removing cells from frog embryos.
    * abrir los ojos a = open + Posesivo + eyes to.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * ante + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * apartarse el pelo de los ojos = flick + Posesivo + hair out of + Posesivo + eyes.
    * aprobar con los ojos cerrados = sail through + exam.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * blanco del ojo = white of + Posesivo + eye.
    * cegar + los ojos = dazzle + eye.
    * comerse con los ojos = ogle.
    * con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.
    * con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.
    * con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.
    * con ojos azules = blue-eyed.
    * con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.
    * con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.
    * con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.
    * con un solo ojo = one-eyed.
    * costar un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * cría cuervos y te sacarán los ojos = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * cuentagotas para los ojos = eyedropper.
    * dar un ojo de la cara por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * delante de + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.
    * de los ojos = optical.
    * de ojos azules = blue-eyed.
    * de un solo ojo = one-eyed.
    * dichosos los ojos que te ven = a sight for sore eyes.
    * dolor de ojos = eyestrain [eye strain].
    * echar chispas por los ojos = glower, scowl (at).
    * echarle el ojo a = eye.
    * echar un ojo = keep + an eye on, have + a look.
    * en el ojo del huracán = in the eye of the hurricane.
    * entrecerrar los ojos = squint.
    * en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in a jiffy, in the time it takes to flick a switch, at the flick of a switch, with the flick of a switch, in a flash, in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time, with the tip of a hat, in and out in a flash, in a heartbeat, as quick as a wink, at the drop of a hat, in a trice.
    * en un abrir y cerrar de ojos = in the blink of an eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a snap.
    * ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.
    * mirar a los ojos = make + eye contact, look + Nombre + in the eyes.
    * mirar con malos ojos = glower, scowl (at).
    * mirar fijamente a los ojos = eyeball.
    * niña de + Posesivo + ojos, la = apple of + Posesivo + eye, the.
    * no dar crédito a + Posesivo + ojos = not believe + Posesivo + eyes.
    * no ver con buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.
    * ojo de cristal = glass eye.
    * ojo de la cerradura = keyhole.
    * ojo de la tormenta, el = eye of the storm, the.
    * ojo del huracán, el = eye of the hurricane, the.
    * ojo de patio = light well.
    * ojo descubierto = naked eye.
    * ojo humano sin ayuda de lente, el = unaided eye, the.
    * ojo lloroso = runny eye, watery eye.
    * ojo medio = x-height.
    * ojo por ojo, diente por diente = tit-for-tat.
    * ojos + brillar de rabia = eyes + glint with + rage.
    * ojos curiosos = prying eyes.
    * ojos de lince = eagle eyes.
    * ojos inquisidores = prying eyes.
    * ojos irritados = bloodshot eyes.
    * ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind, ignorance is bliss.
    * ojos vidriosos = glazed eyes.
    * pagar un ojo de la cara = pay through + the nose.
    * parche para el ojo = eye patch [eyepatch].
    * poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.
    * reconocedor del movimiento de los ojos = eye tracker.
    * regalarse los ojos con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.
    * revelarse ante + Posesivo + ojos = unfold before + Posesivo + eyes.
    * sacar un ojo = gouge + eye out.
    * sombra de ojos = eye shadow.
    * tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.
    * tener mal ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a bad judge of character.
    * tener ojos en la nuca = have + eyes in the back of + Posesivo + head.
    * torcer los ojos = squint.
    * valer un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * vendar los ojos = blindfold.
    * ver Algo a través de los ojos de Alguien = look at + Nombre + through + Posesivo + eyes.
    * ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).
    * ver con un ojo crítico = view with + a critical eye.
    * ver + Nombre + con nuevos ojos = view + Nombre + through fresh eyes.
    * vista a ojo de pájaro = bird's eye view.

    * * *
    A
    un niño de ojos azules/verdes/negros a boy with blue/green/dark eyes
    tiene los ojos rasgados or achinados she has slanting eyes
    ojos de cordero degollado calf's eyes, doe eyes
    se le llenaron los ojos de lágrimas her eyes filled with tears
    me miró con aquellos ojazos negros she looked at me with those big dark eyes
    le guiñó or ( Col) picó el ojo he winked at her
    me miraba fijamente a los ojos he was staring straight into my eyes
    no me quita los ojos de encima he won't take his eyes off me
    se le salían los ojos de las órbitas his eyes were popping out of their sockets o out of his head
    me miró con los ojos como platos she looked at me with eyes as big as saucers
    aceptaría con los ojos cerrados I'd accept without a second thought o I wouldn't think twice about it
    hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos you have to keep your eyes open
    lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it myself o with my own two eyes
    ¡dichosos los ojos (que te ven)! it's wonderful o lovely to see you!
    a los ojos de la sociedad in the eyes of society
    abrirle los ojos a algn to open sb's eyes
    abrir los ojos to open one's eyes
    cerrar los ojos a algo to close one's mind to sth
    ¿con qué ojos, divina tuerta? ( Méx fam); where do you expect me to get the money from?
    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the twinkling of an eye, in a flash
    irse por ojo ( Chi fam) «barco» to go down;
    «persona» to be disappointed
    no era nada lo del ojo (y lo llevaba en la mano) there was nothing to it o it was nothing serious ( iro)
    no pegué/pegó (el or un) ojo en toda la noche I/he didn't sleep a wink
    no ver algo con buenos ojos: sus padres no veían la relación con buenos ojos her parents did not approve of the relationship o did not view the relationship favorably
    no ven con buenos ojos que te quites la chaqueta they don't approve of you taking your jacket off
    ¡ojo pelao! or ¡ojo de garza! ( Ven fam); watch out!
    regalarse los ojos con algo to feast one's eyes on sth
    sacarse un ojo ( Col fam): me saqué un ojo tratando de entenderlo I nearly went crazy trying to make sense of it
    no te vayas a sacar un ojo there's no need to overdo it o ( colloq) to kill yourself
    salir por or costar un ojo de la cara ( fam); to cost an arm and a leg ( colloq)
    ser el ojo derecho de algn to be the apple of sb's eye
    volverse or hacerse ojo de hormiga ( Méx fam); to do a vanishing trick ( colloq), to make oneself scarce ( colloq)
    cuatro ojos ven más que dos two heads are better than one
    ver tb cuatro1 (↑ cuatro (1))
    ojo por ojo y diente por diente an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
    ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente out of sight, out of mind
    2
    (vista): tenía los ojos clavados en el crucifijo her eyes were fixed on the cross
    bajó los ojos avergonzada she lowered her eyes in shame
    sin levantar los ojos del libro without looking up from her book
    alzó los ojos al cielo he lifted his eyes heavenward(s)
    toda América tiene los ojos puestos en él the eyes of all America are on him
    no tiene ojos más que para ella he only has eyes for her
    a ojo de buen cubero or a ojo or (Col, CS) al ojo at a guess
    le eché el azúcar y la nata a ojo I just put the sugar and cream in without measuring it
    es novato, se nota a ojos vistas he's new, you can see it a mile off ( colloq)
    comer con los ojos to ask for/take more than one can eat
    tú comes con los ojos your eyes are bigger than your belly
    comerse a algn con los ojos to devour sb with one's eyes
    echarle or ( Col) ponerle el ojo a algo/algn to eye sth/sb up ( colloq)
    le tengo echado el ojo a ese vestido I have my eye on that dress
    echar un ojo a algo/algn ( fam); to have o take a (quick) look at sth/sb
    engordar or distraer el ojo ( Chi fam): engordé el ojo en la fiesta I had a great time eying up the talent at the party ( colloq)
    entrar por los ojos: a Pepe le entra la comida por los ojos Pepe will only eat his food if it looks nice
    estar con un ojo al gato y el otro al garabato ( Méx fam); to have one's mind on two things at the same time
    hay que estar or andar con cuatro ojos ( fam); you have to keep your wits about you, you need eyes in the back of your head
    írsele los ojos a algn: se le van los ojos detrás de las mujeres he's always eyeing up women ( colloq)
    estaban comiendo helados y al pobre niño se le iban los ojos they were eating ice creams and the poor kid was looking on longingly
    mirar algo/a algn con otros ojos to look at sth/sb through different eyes o differently
    tener a algn entre ojos ( fam); to have it in for sb ( colloq)
    tener ojos de lince or ojo de águila to have eyes like a hawk
    tener ojos en la nuca to have eyes in the back of one's head
    ver algo con malos ojos to take a dim view of sth
    Compuestos:
    ● ojo a la funerala or a la virulé
    ir/estar con ojo avizor to be alert
    hay que estar con ojo avizor you have to keep your wits about you o be alert
    ( Méx) spring
    porthole
    ( Esp) glass eye
    corn
    ( Min) cat's-eye; ( Auto) ( Arg) cat's-eye
    keyhole
    ( Méx) corn
    fish-eye lens
    tiger's eye
    ( AmL) glass eye
    ( AmL) spyhole, peephole
    black eye, shiner ( colloq)
    le puse un ojo morado I gave him a black eye o a shiner
    B
    (perspicacia): ¡vaya ojo que tiene! he's pretty clever o sharp o on the ball!
    una mujer con mucho ojo para los negocios a very clever o sharp businesswoman
    tener (un) ojo clínico (ver bien) to have a good eye; (ser perspicaz) to be sharp o clever
    C ( fam)
    (cuidado, atención): mucho ojo con lo que haces be careful what you do
    hay que andar or ir con mucho ojo you have to keep your eyes open, you have to have your wits about you
    ¡ojo! que aquí te puedes confundir watch out o be careful, it's easy to make a mistake here
    ¡ojo! que viene un coche watch out! o be careful! there's a car coming
    [ S ] ojo, mancha or pinta wet paint
    D (de una aguja) eye hacha2 (↑ hacha (2))
    E (de una tormenta, un huracán) eye
    estar en el ojo del ciclón or del huracán to be in the thick of things
    F
    G
    1 (en el caldo) layer of fat
    2 (de espuma) suds (pl), lather
    * * *

     

    ojo sustantivo masculino
    1


    mirar fijamente a los ojos to stare straight into sb's eyes;
    no me quita los ojos de encima he won't take his eyes off me;
    a los ojos de la sociedad in the eyes of society;
    ojo de la cerradura keyhole;
    ojo de buey porthole;
    ojo de vidrio or (Esp) cristal glass eye;
    ojo mágico (AmL) spyhole, peephole;
    ojo morado or (Méx) moro or (CS fam) en tinta black eye;
    costar un ojo de la cara (fam) to cost an arm and a leg (colloq);
    cuatro ojos ven más que dos two heads are better than one;
    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the twinkling of an eye;
    ojo por ojo an eye for an eye
    b) ( vista):


    sin levantar los ojos del libro without looking up from her book;
    a ojo (de buen cubero) or (AmS) al ojo at a guess;
    echar un ojo a algo/algn (fam) to have o take a (quick) look at sth/sb;
    tener ojo de lince or de águila to have eyes like a hawk
    2 ( perspicacia):
    ◊ ¡vaya ojo que tiene! he's pretty sharp o on the ball!;

    tener ojo para los negocios to have a good eye for business
    3 (fam) (cuidado, atención): hay que andar or ir con mucho ojo you have to keep your eyes open;
    ◊ ¡ojo! que viene un coche watch out! o be careful! there's a car coming

    ojo
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 eye: mírame a los ojos, look into my eyes
    tiene los ojos negros, she has black eyes
    ojos rasgados/llorosos, almond/tearful eyes
    2 (mirada) no levantaba los ojos del suelo, she didn't raise her eyes from the floor
    3 (de aguja) eye
    (de cerradura) keyhole
    4 (de un puente) span
    5 (precaución) ten mucho ojo al cruzar la calle, be very careful when you cross the street
    6 (tino, acierto) ¡qué ojo tienes para las tallas!, you're such a good judge of sizes!
    II exclamación careful!, watch out!
    ♦ Locuciones: a ojo (de buen cubero), at a guess: así, a ojo, creo que tiene unos 50 metros de alto, at a guess I'd say it's about 50 metres tall
    a ojos vistas, visibly, clearly, openly: está envejeciendo a ojos vistas, she's clearly getting older
    costar algo un ojo de la cara, to cost an arm and a leg
    echar el ojo a algo, to have one's eye on sthg
    echarle un ojo a algo/alguien, to keep an eye on sthg/sb
    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos, in the blink of an eye
    mirar con buenos ojos, to approve of sthg
    familiar no pegar ojo, not to sleep a wink
    ver algo con malos ojos, to look unfavourably on sthg
    ' ojo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    arcada
    - blanca
    - blanco
    - enchufada
    - enchufado
    - extraña
    - extraño
    - mal
    - pegar
    - pestaña
    - rabillo
    - amoratado
    - cerradura
    - cuenca
    - derecho
    - derrame
    - guiñar
    - lagrimal
    - meter
    - morado
    - parpadear
    - pasar
    - sacar
    - tuerto
    - visión
    English:
    black
    - bomb
    - cost
    - dodgy
    - evil eye
    - eye
    - gleam
    - in
    - keyhole
    - lid
    - look out
    - open
    - patch
    - poke out
    - red
    - socket
    - steady
    - swell up
    - tit for tat
    - watch
    - wear
    - white
    - wink
    - cat
    - critically
    - eyeful
    - key
    - poke
    - port
    - untrained
    - wet
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [órgano] eye;
    una chica de ojos azules a girl with blue eyes;
    lleva un parche en el ojo he has an eyepatch;
    guiñar o Col [m5] picar el ojo a alguien to wink at sb;
    mírame a los ojos cuando te hablo look at me when I'm speaking to you;
    no me atrevía a mirarla a los ojos I didn't dare look her in the eye;
    me pican los ojos my eyes are stinging;
    a los ojos de la ley/de la sociedad in the eyes of the law/of society;
    también Fig
    poner los ojos en blanco to roll one's eyes;
    lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own eyes;
    abrir (bien) los ojos [estar atento] to keep one's eyes open;
    habrá que tener los ojos bien abiertos we'll have to keep our eyes open;
    Fig
    abrirle los ojos a alguien to open sb's eyes;
    cerré los ojos y me decidí a comprar una casa I decided to ignore the consequences and buy a house anyway;
    cerrar los ojos ante algo [ignorar] to close one's eyes to sth;
    con los ojos cerrados [sin dudarlo] blindly, with one's eyes closed;
    sabría ir allí con los ojos cerrados o [m5] vendados I could find my way there blindfolded o with my eyes closed;
    Fam
    mirar algo/a alguien con los ojos como platos to stare at sth/sb wide-eyed;
    cuatro ojos ven más que dos four eyes are better than two;
    Fam
    ¡dichosos los ojos que te ven! long time no see!;
    en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the twinkling of an eye;
    Am
    meter el ojo to pry, to snoop;
    no pegar ojo not to get a wink of sleep;
    CAm, Méx, Ven
    pelar los ojos to keep one's eyes peeled;
    ser el ojo derecho de alguien to be the apple of sb's eye;
    ¿es que no tienes ojos en la cara? are you blind?;
    tener ojos de lince to have eyes like a hawk;
    RP
    tener ojos en la nuca [profesor] to have eyes in the back of one's head;
    [partido político] to be stuck in the past, to be always looking backwards;
    sólo tiene ojos para él she only has eyes for him;
    valer o [m5] costar un ojo de la cara to cost an arm and a leg;
    ojo por ojo, diente por diente an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth;
    ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente what the eye doesn't see, the heart doesn't grieve over
    RP ojo en compota [ojo morado] black eye; Esp ojo de cristal glass eye; Esp Fam ojo a la funerala shiner;
    ojo morado black eye;
    ponerle a alguien un ojo morado to give sb a black eye;
    ojos rasgados almond eyes;
    ojos saltones: [m5] tiene los ojos saltones he's pop-eyed o US bug-eyed;
    una niña de ojos saltones a girl with bulging eyes;
    Am ojo de vidrio glass eye; Fam ojo a la virulé shiner; Fam
    2. [mirada, vista]
    los ojos expertos del relojero enseguida detectaron el problema the watchmaker's expert eye spotted the problem immediately;
    alzar o [m5] levantar los ojos to look up, to raise one's eyes;
    bajar los ojos to lower one's eyes o gaze, to look down;
    los ojos se le iban detrás del muchacho/de la tarta she couldn't keep her eyes off the boy/the cake;
    come más con los ojos que con la boca his eyes are bigger than his stomach;
    mirar a alguien con ojos tiernos to look fondly at sb;
    poner los ojos en alguien to set one's sights on sb;
    a ojo (de buen cubero) roughly, approximately;
    echo los ingredientes a ojo I just add roughly the right amount of each ingredient without measuring them all out;
    a ojos vistas visibly;
    Fam
    echar el ojo a alguien/algo: le he echado un ojo a una compañera de clase I've got my eye on a girl in my class;
    le tenía el ojo echado a aquella moto I had my eye on that motorbike;
    echar un ojo a algo to keep an eye on sth;
    entrar por los ojos: esos pasteles entran por los ojos those cakes look really mouthwatering;
    mirar o [m5]ver algo/a alguien con buenos ojos to approve of sth/sb;
    mirar o [m5]ver algo/a alguien con malos ojos to disapprove of sth/sb;
    mirar algo/a alguien con otros ojos to look differently at sth/sb;
    no quitarle ojo a algo/alguien, no quitar los ojos de encima a algo/alguien not to take one's eyes off sth/sb;
    donde pone el ojo, pone la bala he's a dead shot;
    ojos de carnero o [m5] cordero (degollado) pleading eyes;
    puso ojos de cordero degollado she looked at me with pleading eyes
    3. [cuidado]
    (ten) mucho ojo con lo que haces/al cruzar la calle be very careful what you do/when crossing the road;
    hay que andar(se) con (mucho) ojo you need to be (very) careful;
    hay que andar(se) con cien ojos you really have to keep your eyes open o be on your guard;
    estar ojo avizor to be on the lookout
    4. [habilidad, perspicacia]
    es un tipo con mucho ojo o [m5] con buen ojo para los negocios he has an eye for a good deal, he has great business acumen;
    tener (un) ojo clínico para algo to be a good judge of sth
    5. [agujero, hueco] [de aguja] eye;
    [de puente] span; [de arco] archway;
    el ojo de la escalera the stairwell;
    el ojo del huracán the eye of the hurricane;
    Fig
    el ministro está en el ojo del huracán the minister is at the centre of the controversy
    ojo de buey [ventana] porthole; Vulg ojo del culo Br arsehole, US asshole; Am ojo mágico peephole
    6. Med ojo de gallo [callo] corn
    7. Fot ojo de pez fish-eye lens
    8. Méx, Ven ojo de agua spring
    9. Ven ojo de gato cat's eye
    ♦ interj
    be careful!, watch out!
    * * *
    m ANAT eye;
    abrir los ojos open one’s eyes;
    abrir los ojos como platos open one’s eyes really wide;
    con mis propios ojos with my own eyes;
    ¡ojo! fam watch out!, mind! fam ;
    andar con ojo fam keep one’s eyes open fam ;
    a ojo roughly;
    a ojos vistas visibly;
    abrir los ojos a alguien fig open s.o.’s eyes;
    cerrar los ojos ante algo turn a blind eye to sth;
    costar un ojo de la cara fam cost an arm and a leg fam ;
    no pegar ojo fam not sleep a wink fam ;
    echar el ojo a algo/alguien eye sth/s.o. up;
    no quitar ojo de not take one’s eyes off;
    comer(se) a alguien con los ojos fig devour s.o. with one’s eyes, ogle s.o.;
    se le iban los ojos fig his/her eyes wandered;
    mirar a algo con otros ojos fig look at sth differently;
    no ver con buenos ojos have a low opinion of, not approve of;
    tener mucho ojo para hacer algo be very good at doing sth;
    tener ojo clínico have a good eye;
    mucho ojo para descubrir errores have a good eye for mistakes, be good at spotting mistakes;
    ojo por ojo y diente por diente an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth;
    ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente what you don’t see won’t hurt you
    * * *
    ojo nm
    1) : eye
    2) : judgment, sharpness
    tener buen ojo para: to be a good judge of, to have a good eye for
    3) : hole (in cheese), eye (in a needle), center (of a storm)
    4) : span (of a bridge)
    5)
    a ojos vistas : openly, publicly
    6)
    andar con ojo : to be careful
    7)
    ojo de agua Mex : spring, source
    8)
    ¡ojo! : look out!, pay attention!
    * * *
    ojo1 interj look out! / be careful!
    ¡ojo con esas copas! be careful with those glasses!
    ojo2 n
    1. (órgano) eye
    2. (agujero) hole

    Spanish-English dictionary > ojo

  • 45 mantener

    v.
    1 to keep.
    mantener algo en buen estado to keep something in good condition
    mantener una promesa to keep a promise
    mantener la calma to stay calm
    Los mantengo trabajando I keep them working.
    Ellos mantienen el proyecto They maintain the project.
    2 to support (with scaffold, columns).
    mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air
    3 to support.
    con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages
    4 to have (relationships, conversations).
    mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with somebody
    mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent
    mantiene que no la vió he maintains that he didn't see her
    6 to maintain, to keep, to conserve, to hold.
    Ellos mantienen unas mantas They maintain some bedcovers.
    Ellos mantienen su opinión They maintain their opinion.
    María mantiene a su hijo Mary maintains=provides for her son.
    Ella mantiene su declaración She maintains her declaration.
    7 to claim to, to hold to, to maintain to.
    Ellos mantienen haber limpiado They claim to have cleaned.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ TENER], like link=tener tener
    1 (conservar) to keep
    ■ 'Mantenga Zamora limpia' "Keep Zamora tidy"
    2 (tener) to keep
    ■ 'Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños' "Keep out of the reach of children"
    3 (sostener) to support, hold up, hold
    4 (sustentar) to support, maintain
    5 (afirmación etc) to maintain
    ■ pues yo mantengo que no es verdad well, I maintain that it is not true
    6 (conversación, relaciones) to have; (reunión) to hold, have; (correspondencia) to keep up; (promesa, palabra) to keep
    1 (sostenerse) to remain, stand
    2 (continuar en un estado, una posición) to keep
    3 (sustenerse) to manage, maintain oneself, support oneself
    4 (alimentarse) to eat, live
    ■ se mantiene a base de fruta she lives on fruit, she eats only fruit
    \
    mantener algo en secreto to keep something secret
    mantenerse aparte to stay out of it, not get involved
    mantenerse en contacto con to stay in contact with
    mantenerse en forma to keep in shape, keep in trim, keep fit
    mantenerse en pie to stand, remain standing
    mantenerse en sus trece to stick to one's guns
    mantenerse vivo,-a to stay alive
    * * *
    verb
    3) hold
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=sostener) [gen] to hold; [+ puente, techo] to support
    2) (=preservar)
    a) [en un lugar] to store, keep

    "manténgase en un lugar fresco y seco" — "store in a cool dry place"

    b) [en un estado o situación] to keep

    • mantener algo caliente — to keep sth hot

    • mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth, keep sth balanced

    • mantener algo en secreto — to keep sth a secret

    raya I, 1)
    3) (=conservar) [+ opinión] to maintain, hold; [+ costumbre, ideales] to keep up, maintain; [+ disciplina] to maintain, keep; [+ promesa] to keep

    me marcho manteniendo mi opinión — I'm leaving, but I stand by my opinion

    • al conducir hay que mantener la distancia de seguridad — you have to keep (at) a safe distance when driving

    • mantener el equilibrio — to keep one's balance

    • mantener el fuego — to keep the fire going

    • mantener la línea — to keep one's figure, keep in shape

    • mantener la paz — to keep the peace, maintain peace

    calma, distancia
    4) [económicamente] to support, maintain

    ya no pienso mantenerla más — I refuse to keep o support o maintain her any longer

    5) [+ conversación, contacto] to maintain, hold

    ¿han mantenido ustedes relaciones sexuales? — have you had sexual relations?

    correspondencia 2)
    6) (=afirmar) to maintain
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep
    2)
    a) (conservar, preservar) to keep

    mantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure

    b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    3)
    a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintain
    b) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep
    4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    2.
    mantenerse verbo pronominal
    1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
    2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    * * *
    = hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.
    Ex. The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.
    Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex. Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.
    Ex. They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.
    Ex. The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.
    Ex. At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.
    Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
    Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.
    Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.
    Ex. Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.
    Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex. The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.
    Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex. The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.
    ----
    * capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.
    * debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.
    * de mantener una conversación = conversational.
    * el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].
    * mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.
    * mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.
    * mantener a flote = keep + afloat.
    * mantener a la par de = keep up with.
    * mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.
    * mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.
    * mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.
    * mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.
    * mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener al ralentí = idle.
    * mantener a mano = keep to + hand.
    * mantener aparte = keep + separate.
    * mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.
    * mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.
    * mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.
    * mantener constancia de = keep + record of.
    * mantener contacto = maintain + contact.
    * mantener control = hold + the reins of control.
    * mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.
    * mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.
    * mantener el control = stay in + control.
    * mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.
    * mantener el interés = hold + the interest.
    * mantener el orden = keep + order, police.
    * mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.
    * mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.
    * mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.
    * mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.
    * mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.
    * mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.
    * mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.
    * mantener informado = keep + informed.
    * mantener junto = keep together.
    * mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.
    * mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.
    * mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.
    * mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.
    * mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.
    * mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).
    * mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.
    * mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.
    * mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.
    * mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.
    * mantener la posición = hold + the line.
    * mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.
    * mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.
    * mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.
    * mantener la vida = sustain + life.
    * mantener libre de = keep + free of.
    * mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.
    * mantener los precios = hold + prices down.
    * mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.
    * mantener presente = keep before.
    * mantener presionado = hold down.
    * mantener registro de = keep + record of.
    * mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.
    * mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.
    * mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).
    * mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse a distancia = stand off.
    * mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.
    * mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.
    * mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.
    * mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.
    * mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.
    * mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.
    * mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.
    * mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.
    * mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.
    * mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * mantenerse bien = keep + well.
    * mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.
    * mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.
    * mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.
    * mantenerse como válido = hold up.
    * mantener secreto = keep + secret.
    * mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.
    * mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).
    * mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.
    * mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.
    * mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse fiel a = stick with.
    * mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.
    * mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.
    * mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener separado = keep apart.
    * mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.
    * mantenerse unidos = stick together.
    * mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.
    * mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.
    * mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.
    * mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.
    * mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.
    * mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.
    * mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.
    * mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.
    * mantener un concepto = hold + concept.
    * mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.
    * mantener un debate = hold + discussion.
    * mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.
    * mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.
    * mantener un interés = pursue + interest.
    * mantener un registro = keep + log.
    * mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mantener vigente = keep + alive.
    * mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.
    * máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep
    2)
    a) (conservar, preservar) to keep

    mantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure

    b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    3)
    a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintain
    b) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep
    4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    2.
    mantenerse verbo pronominal
    1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
    2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    * * *
    = hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.

    Ex: The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.

    Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex: Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.
    Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.
    Ex: The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.
    Ex: At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.
    Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
    Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.
    Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.
    Ex: Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.
    Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex: The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.
    Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex: The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.
    * capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.
    * debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.
    * de mantener una conversación = conversational.
    * el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].
    * mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.
    * mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.
    * mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.
    * mantener a flote = keep + afloat.
    * mantener a la par de = keep up with.
    * mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.
    * mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.
    * mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.
    * mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.
    * mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.
    * mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.
    * mantener al ralentí = idle.
    * mantener a mano = keep to + hand.
    * mantener aparte = keep + separate.
    * mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.
    * mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.
    * mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.
    * mantener constancia de = keep + record of.
    * mantener contacto = maintain + contact.
    * mantener control = hold + the reins of control.
    * mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.
    * mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.
    * mantener el control = stay in + control.
    * mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.
    * mantener el interés = hold + the interest.
    * mantener el orden = keep + order, police.
    * mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.
    * mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.
    * mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.
    * mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.
    * mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.
    * mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.
    * mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.
    * mantener informado = keep + informed.
    * mantener junto = keep together.
    * mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.
    * mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.
    * mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.
    * mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.
    * mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.
    * mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).
    * mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.
    * mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.
    * mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.
    * mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.
    * mantener la posición = hold + the line.
    * mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.
    * mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.
    * mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.
    * mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.
    * mantener la vida = sustain + life.
    * mantener libre de = keep + free of.
    * mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.
    * mantener los precios = hold + prices down.
    * mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * mantener ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.
    * mantener presente = keep before.
    * mantener presionado = hold down.
    * mantener registro de = keep + record of.
    * mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.
    * mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.
    * mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).
    * mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse a distancia = stand off.
    * mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.
    * mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.
    * mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.
    * mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.
    * mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.
    * mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.
    * mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.
    * mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.
    * mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.
    * mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.
    * mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * mantenerse bien = keep + well.
    * mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.
    * mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.
    * mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.
    * mantenerse como válido = hold up.
    * mantener secreto = keep + secret.
    * mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.
    * mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).
    * mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.
    * mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.
    * mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.
    * mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.
    * mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * mantenerse fiel a = stick with.
    * mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.
    * mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.
    * mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.
    * mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.
    * mantener separado = keep apart.
    * mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.
    * mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.
    * mantenerse unidos = stick together.
    * mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.
    * mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.
    * mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.
    * mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.
    * mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.
    * mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.
    * mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.
    * mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.
    * mantener un concepto = hold + concept.
    * mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.
    * mantener un debate = hold + discussion.
    * mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.
    * mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.
    * mantener un interés = pursue + interest.
    * mantener un registro = keep + log.
    * mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mantener vigente = keep + alive.
    * mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.
    * máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.

    * * *
    vt
    A (sustentar económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain
    cuesta una fortuna mantener a ese perro tan grande it costs a fortune to keep that enormous dog
    ¡y pretende que ella lo mantenga! and he expects her to support o keep him!
    B
    1 (conservar, preservar) to keep
    mantener la calma/la compostura to keep calm/one's composure
    mantener el orden to keep o ( frml) maintain order
    para mantener la paz in order to keep the peace
    mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
    mantener las viejas tradiciones to keep up the old traditions
    2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    los postes mantienen la viga en posición the posts keep the beam in position
    mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance
    lo mantiene en equilibrio sobre la punta de la nariz he balances it on the end of his nose
    los militares lo mantuvieron en el poder the military kept him in power
    todos los medicamentos deben mantenerse fuera del alcance de los niños all medicines should be kept out of reach of children
    [ S ] mantenga limpia su ciudad keep Norwich ( o York etc) tidy
    [ S ] una vez abierto manténgase refrigerado keep refrigerated once open
    no mantiene su coche en buenas condiciones he doesn't keep his car in good condition, he doesn't maintain his car very well
    sigue manteniendo vivos sus ideales he still keeps his ideals alive
    C
    1 ‹conversaciones› to have; ‹contactos› to maintain, keep up; ‹correspondencia› to keep up; ‹relaciones› to maintain
    durante las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra during the negotiations held in Geneva
    2 (cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep
    D (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    mantiene que es inocente he maintains that he is innocent
    A (sustentarse económicamente) to support o maintain o keep oneself
    B (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep
    se mantuvieron en primera división they kept their place o they stayed in the first division
    mantenerse en forma to keep in shape, to keep fit
    lo único que se mantiene en pie es la torre all that remains is the tower, only the tower is still standing
    se mantiene al día she keeps up to date
    siempre se mantuvo a distancia he always kept his distance
    se mantuvo en contacto con sus amigos de la infancia he kept in touch with o kept up with his childhood friends
    se mantuvo neutral en la disputa he remained neutral in the dispute
    C
    (alimentarse): nos mantuvimos a base de latas we lived off tinned food
    se mantiene a base de vitaminas he lives on vitamin pills
    * * *

     

    mantener ( conjugate mantener) verbo transitivo
    1 ( económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain;
    ‹ amante› to keep
    2 (conservar, preservar) to keep;

    mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance;
    mantener algo en equilibrio to balance sth;
    para mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
    3

    ‹ contactos› to maintain, keep up;
    ‹ correspondencia› to keep up;
    ‹ relaciones› to maintain
    b) ( cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep

    4 (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
    mantenerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
    2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) to keep;

    la torre aún se mantiene en pie the tower is still standing;
    mantenerse en contacto (con algn) to keep in touch (with sb)
    3 ( alimentarse):

    mantener verbo transitivo
    1 (conservar) to keep: ella mantiene vivo su recuerdo, she keeps his memory alive
    mantén la calma, keep calm
    2 (sostener) to have: mantuvimos una conversación muy seria, we had a very serious talk
    (una teoría, hipótesis) to defend, maintain
    3 (alimentar, sustentar) to support, feed: no podían mantener las dos casas, they couldn't keep up both houses
    4 (peso) to support, hold up
    ' mantener' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    callarse
    - conchabarse
    - conservar
    - conservarse
    - continuismo
    - escribirse
    - ir
    - hilo
    - línea
    - raya
    - sustentar
    - tener
    - tipo
    - ahuyentar
    - alerta
    - calma
    - correspondencia
    - corriente
    - disciplina
    - flote
    - guardar
    - llevar
    - mantiene
    - mantuve
    - orden
    - preservar
    - sujetar
    English:
    balance
    - bay
    - buoy
    - captive
    - carry on
    - cherish
    - cool
    - fire
    - hold
    - hold off
    - house
    - hygiene
    - image
    - keep
    - keep away
    - keep down
    - keep up
    - maintain
    - order
    - preserve
    - provide for
    - retain
    - secrecy
    - stall
    - support
    - suspense
    - sustain
    - swear
    - track
    - unionist
    - uphold
    - weight-watching
    - white elephant
    - carry
    - clear
    - conduct
    - correspond
    - credit
    - door
    - go
    - head
    - inform
    - occupy
    - peace
    - police
    - provide
    - segregate
    - stand
    - stick
    - struggle
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [económicamente] to support;
    con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages
    2. [sostener] to keep;
    un andamio mantiene el edificio en pie a scaffold supports the building o keeps the building from falling down;
    mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air
    3. [conservar] to keep;
    [ritmo, nivel, presión] to keep up;
    mantener las amistades to keep up one's friendships;
    mantener algo en buen estado to keep sth in good condition;
    mantener la calma to stay calm;
    mantener el orden to keep order;
    mantener la línea to keep one's figure;
    mantener una promesa/la palabra to keep a promise/one's word;
    mantenga limpia su ciudad [en letrero] keep your city tidy;
    manténgase en un lugar seco [en etiqueta] keep in a dry place;
    manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños [en medicamento, producto tóxico] keep out of the reach of children;
    es incapaz de mantener la boca cerrada he can't keep his mouth shut
    4. [tener] [conversación] to have;
    [negociaciones, diálogo] to hold;
    mantener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;
    mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with sb;
    mantener contactos con alguien to be in contact with sb
    5. [defender] [convicción, idea] to stick to;
    [candidatura] to refuse to withdraw;
    mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent;
    mantiene que no la vio he maintains that he didn't see her
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( sujetar) hold; techo etc hold up
    2 ( preservar) keep
    4 económicamente support
    5 ( afirmar) maintain
    * * *
    mantener {80} vt
    1) sustentar: to support, to feed
    mantener uno su familia: to support one's family
    2) conservar: to keep, to preserve
    3) continuar: to keep up, to sustain
    mantener una correspondencia: to keep up a correspondence
    4) afirmar: to maintain, to affirm
    * * *
    1. (en general) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]
    2. (económicamente) to support
    3. (afirmar) to maintain
    4. (sujetar) to hold [pt. & pp. held]

    Spanish-English dictionary > mantener

  • 46 coquille

    coquille [kɔkij]
    1. feminine noun
       a. [de mollusque, œuf, noix] shell
    • coquille vide (figurative) empty chamber ; ( = entreprise) empty shell
       b. ( = décoration) scallop
       d. ( = protection) box
    ► coquille d'œuf ( = couleur) eggshell
    * * *
    kɔkij
    1) (d'œuf, de noix, mollusque) shell
    2) Culinaire ( ravier) scallop-shaped dish; ( mets)

    coquille de saumon — scalloped salmon GB, salmon served in a shell US

    3) ( en imprimerie) misprint
    4) Architecture shell; ( feston) scallop
    5) Sport box GB, cup US
    6) ( d'épée) guard
    7) Médecine ( plâtre) spinal jacket
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    kɔkij nf
    1) [noix, oeuf, escargot] shell

    coquille de noix — nutshell, fig (= embarcation) cockleshell

    2) TYPOGRAPHIE misprint
    3) (= forme) shell
    * * *
    1 (d'œuf, de noix, mollusque) shell; poussin à peine sorti de sa coquille newly-hatched chick; rentrer dans/sortir de sa coquille fig to withdraw into/come out of one's shell; escalier en coquille spiral staircase;
    2 Culin ( ravier) scallop-shaped dish; ( mets) coquille de saumon scalloped salmon GB, salmon served in a shell US;
    3 Imprim misprint, literal spéc;
    4 Archit shell; ( feston) scallop;
    5 Sport box GB, cup US;
    6 ( d'épée) guard;
    7 Méd ( plâtre) spinal jacket.
    coquille de beurre butter curl; coquille de noix○ hum cockleshell; coquille d'œuf ( couleur) off-white; coquille Saint-Jacques scallop; ( écaille) scallop shell.
    [kɔkij] nom féminin
    1. [de mollusque, d'œuf, de noix] shell
    rentrer dans sa coquille (figuré) to go ou to retire into one's shell
    sortir de sa coquille (figuré) to come out of one's shell, to open up
    a. [mollusque] scallop
    b. [enveloppe] scallop shell
    5. [bateau]
    8. IMPRIMERIE [en composition] misprint
    [d'une seule lettre] literal
    [en dactylographie] typo
    ————————
    coquille d'œuf adjectif invariable

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > coquille

  • 47 cuidar

    v.
    1 to look after (enfermo, niño, casa).
    Ella cuida a los chicos She looks after the kids.
    2 to take care of, to assist, to look after, to keep after.
    Ricardo cuida a sus padres Richard takes care of his parents.
    3 to keep watch over, to watch.
    El guarda cuida la casa The guard keeps watch over the house.
    4 to make an effort to, to take care to.
    Cuidamos mantener un buen servicio We take care to maintain a good service.
    * * *
    1 to look after, take care of, care for
    1 to take care of oneself, look after oneself
    ■ ¡cuídate mucho! take good care of yourself!
    \
    cuidar(se) de que to make sure that
    cuidar los detalles to pay attention to details
    cuidar una herida to dress a wound
    cuidarse de (preocuparse) to worry about, mind
    * * *
    verb
    1) to take care of, look after
    2) pay attention to, watch
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=atender) [+ familia, jardín, edificio] to look after, take care of; [+ rebaño] to tend
    2) (=preocuparse por) [+ muebles, propiedades, entorno, salud] to look after, take care of

    no cuidan nada la casa — they don't look after the house at all, they don't take any care of the house

    3) (=poner atención en) [+ detalles, ortografía] to pay attention to, take care over

    en ese restaurante cuidan mucho los detalles — they pay great attention to detail o take great care over the details in that restaurant

    2. VI
    1)

    • cuidar de — to look after, take care of

    ¿quién cuidará de ti? — who will look after you?, who will take care of you?

    • cuidar de hacer algo — to take care to do sth

    • cuidar de que — to make sure that

    2)

    • cuidar con — † to be careful of

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <juguetes/plantas/casa> to look after; < niño> to look after, take care of; < enfermo> to care for, look after

    tienes que cuidar ese catarro/la salud — you should look after that cold/your health

    b) <estilo/apariencia> to take care over
    2.
    cuidar vi

    cuidar de algo/alguien — to take care of something/somebody

    cuidar DE QUE + SUBJ: cuidarré de que no les falte nada — I'll make sure they have everything they need

    3.
    cuidarse v pron
    a) (refl) to take care of oneself, look after oneself

    cuidarse de + inf: se cuidó mucho or muy bien de (no) volver por ahí he took good care not to o he made very sure he didn't go back there; cuídate mucho de desobedecerme — you'd better do as I tell you

    cuidar se DE + INF: se cuidó bien de cerrar las ventanas — she made sure she shut the windows

    * * *
    = nurture, take + care of, tend, lubricate, nurse, give + care, groom.
    Ex. Studying the leisure reading preferences of teens can help library media specialists develop collections and programs that nurture a lifelong love of reading.
    Ex. The matter of bulk is well taken care of by improved microfilm.
    Ex. The flow of production dependent upon rows of clattering machines tended by tired children.
    Ex. The development of ABN has been lubricated by goodwill on the part of the parties involved.
    Ex. The author also evokes the story of the wolf who nursed Romulus and Remus in order to suggest the barbarity of Renaissance Rome.
    Ex. The traditional image of nurses, mostly women, in starched uniforms and white caps, giving care at the bedside in the hospital is out of date.
    Ex. Never has there been a greater interest in grooming pubic hair than there is today.
    ----
    * cuidar a Alguien hasta su recuperación = nurse + Nombre + back to health.
    * cuidar de = look after, care (about/for), watch out for.
    * cuidar de la retaguardia = hold + the fort, hold + the fortress.
    * cuidar del rebaño = tend + flock.
    * cuidar ovejas = herd + sheep.
    * cuidar rebaños = herding.
    * cuidarse de = beware (of/that).
    * familiar que cuida de los mayores = kinkeeper.
    * persona que se cuida la línea = weight watcher.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <juguetes/plantas/casa> to look after; < niño> to look after, take care of; < enfermo> to care for, look after

    tienes que cuidar ese catarro/la salud — you should look after that cold/your health

    b) <estilo/apariencia> to take care over
    2.
    cuidar vi

    cuidar de algo/alguien — to take care of something/somebody

    cuidar DE QUE + SUBJ: cuidarré de que no les falte nada — I'll make sure they have everything they need

    3.
    cuidarse v pron
    a) (refl) to take care of oneself, look after oneself

    cuidarse de + inf: se cuidó mucho or muy bien de (no) volver por ahí he took good care not to o he made very sure he didn't go back there; cuídate mucho de desobedecerme — you'd better do as I tell you

    cuidar se DE + INF: se cuidó bien de cerrar las ventanas — she made sure she shut the windows

    * * *
    = nurture, take + care of, tend, lubricate, nurse, give + care, groom.

    Ex: Studying the leisure reading preferences of teens can help library media specialists develop collections and programs that nurture a lifelong love of reading.

    Ex: The matter of bulk is well taken care of by improved microfilm.
    Ex: The flow of production dependent upon rows of clattering machines tended by tired children.
    Ex: The development of ABN has been lubricated by goodwill on the part of the parties involved.
    Ex: The author also evokes the story of the wolf who nursed Romulus and Remus in order to suggest the barbarity of Renaissance Rome.
    Ex: The traditional image of nurses, mostly women, in starched uniforms and white caps, giving care at the bedside in the hospital is out of date.
    Ex: Never has there been a greater interest in grooming pubic hair than there is today.
    * cuidar a Alguien hasta su recuperación = nurse + Nombre + back to health.
    * cuidar de = look after, care (about/for), watch out for.
    * cuidar de la retaguardia = hold + the fort, hold + the fortress.
    * cuidar del rebaño = tend + flock.
    * cuidar ovejas = herd + sheep.
    * cuidar rebaños = herding.
    * cuidarse de = beware (of/that).
    * familiar que cuida de los mayores = kinkeeper.
    * persona que se cuida la línea = weight watcher.

    * * *
    cuidar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹juguetes/libros› to look after, take care of; ‹casa/plantas› to look after; ‹niño› to look after, take care of; ‹enfermo› to care for
    señora, le cuido el coche I'll take care of your car, Madam
    una señora les cuida a los niños a woman takes care of o looks after the children for them
    cuida a su padre enfermo he cares for o looks after his sick father
    no sabe cuidar el dinero he's no good at looking after his money
    hay que cuidar la salud you must look after your health
    cuídame la leche un momentito would you keep an eye on the milk for a moment?
    tienes que cuidar ese catarro you should look after that cold
    2 ‹estilo/detalles› to take care over
    debes cuidar la ortografía you must take care over your spelling
    cuida mucho todos los detalles she goes to a great deal of trouble over every little detail, she pays great attention to detail
    cuida mucho su apariencia she takes great care over her appearance
    ■ cuidar
    vi
    cuidar DE algo/algn to take care OF sth/sb
    cuidaré de él como si fuera mío I'll take care of it o look after it as if it were my own
    sabe cuidar de sí misma she knows how to take care of herself
    cuidar DE QUE + SUBJ:
    cuida de que no les falte nada make sure they have everything they need
    cuidaré de que todo marche bien I'll make sure everything goes smoothly
    1 ( refl) to take care of oneself, look after oneself
    ¡cuídate! take care!, look after yourself!
    no se cuidan bien they don't take care of o look after themselves properly
    ¡tú sí que sabes cuidarte! you certainly know how to look after yourself!, you don't live badly, do you?
    dejó de cuidarse she let herself go
    2 (procurar no) cuidarse DE + INF:
    se cuidan mucho de enfrentarse directamente they are very careful not to clash head-on
    se cuidó mucho or muy bien de (no) volver por ahí he took good care not to o he made very sure he didn't go back there
    cuídate mucho de andar diciendo cosas de mí you'd better not go round saying things about me
    * * *

     

    cuidar ( conjugate cuidar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹juguetes/plantas/casa› to look after;

    ‹ niño› to look after, take care of;
    ‹ enfermo› to care for, look after
    b) ‹estilo/apariencia› to take care over;


    verbo intransitivo cuidar de algo/algn to take care of sth/sb;

    cuidarse verbo pronominal ( refl) to take care of oneself, look after oneself;
    ¡cuídate! take care!;
    se cuidó bien de no volver por ahí he made very sure he didn't go back there;
    cuídate de decir algo que te comprometa take care not to say something which might compromise you
    cuidar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo (vigilar, atender) to care for, look after: cuida tu ortografía, mind your spelling cuida de que tu hermano vaya pronto a la cama, make sure that your brother goes to bed soon

    ' cuidar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    fregado
    - mirar
    - tratar
    - velar
    - criar
    - cuidado
    - enfermo
    - línea
    - vigilar
    English:
    attend
    - attend to
    - baby-sit
    - care
    - care for
    - grouse
    - house-sit
    - look after
    - mind
    - mother
    - notion
    - nurse
    - tend
    - watch
    - baby
    - eye
    - look
    - minister
    - nurture
    - scrimp
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [niño, animal, casa] to look after;
    [enfermo] to look after, to care for; [plantas] to look after, to tend
    2. [aspecto] to take care over;
    [ropa] to take care of, to look after;
    si no cuidas esos zapatos no te durarán if you don't look after those shoes they won't last;
    cuida mucho su aspecto físico he takes a lot of care over his appearance
    3. [detalles] to pay attention to;
    tienes que cuidar más la ortografía you must pay more attention to o take more care over your spelling
    ♦ vi
    cuidar de to look after;
    cuida de que no lo haga make sure she doesn't do it;
    cuida de que no se caiga (be) careful he doesn't fall
    * * *
    I v/t look after, take care of
    II v/i
    :
    cuidar de look after, take care of
    * * *
    cuidar vt
    1) : to take care of, to look after
    2) : to pay attention to
    cuidar vi
    1)
    cuidar de : to look after
    2)
    cuidar de que : to make sure that
    * * *
    cuidar vb to look after

    Spanish-English dictionary > cuidar

  • 48 oro

    m.
    gold (metal).
    de oro gold
    oro en barras bullion
    oro en polvo gold dust
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: orar.
    * * *
    1 gold
    1 (color) golden
    1 (baraja española) ≈ diamonds
    \
    guardar algo como oro en paño to cherish something
    hacerse de oro to make a fortune
    no es oro todo lo que reluce all that glitters is not gold
    prometer el oro y el moro to promise the earth
    tener un corazón de oro to have a heart of gold
    oro de ley pure gold
    oro negro oil
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=metal) gold

    de oro — gold antes de s, golden frec liter

    oro en barras — gold bars pl, bullion

    oro negro — black gold, oil

    2) pl oros Esp (Naipes) one of the suits in the Spanish card deck, represented by gold coins
    See:
    ver nota culturelle BARAJA ESPAÑOLA in baraja
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo invariable gold
    II
    1) ( metal) gold

    andar cargado al oro — (Chi fam) to be loaded (colloq)

    guardar/tener algo como oro en polvo (AmL) or (Esp) en paño — to treasure something (as if it were gold (AmE) o (BrE) gold dust)

    prometer el oro y el moro — to promise the earth

    2) ( en naipes)
    * * *
    = gold.
    Ex. In a thesaurus on dentistry, for example, the term gold will be an NT under FILLING MATERIALS; it would make little sense to create a 'metals' or 'precious metals' hierarchy.
    ----
    * acabar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * adornado con pan de oro = gold-leafed.
    * aniversario de oro = golden anniversary.
    * bodas de oro = golden wedding.
    * buscador de oro = gold digger, gold prospector.
    * buscar oro = pan for + gold.
    * búsqueda de oro = gold digging.
    * corazón de oro = heart of gold.
    * costar el oro y el moro = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * dar el oro y el moro = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * de oro macizo = solid-gold.
    * descubrir una mina de oro = strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.
    * edad de oro = golden age.
    * el tiempo es oro = time is money.
    * enchapado en oro = gold-plated.
    * en oro = gilt.
    * en pan de oro = gold-leafed.
    * estampado en oro = gold tooling, goldblocking, gilt-tooled.
    * fiebre del oro, la = gold rush, the.
    * impresión en oro = gold tooling.
    * lingote de oro = gold bar.
    * mina de oro = goldmine [gold mine], gold mine.
    * no ser oro todo lo que reluce = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * No todo lo que reluce es oro = All that glitters is not gold, Not all that is gold glitters.
    * oportunidad de oro = golden opportunity.
    * oro batido = gold leaf.
    * oro en lingotes = gold bullion.
    * pan de oro = gold leaf.
    * patrón oro, el = gold standard, the.
    * pepita de oro = nugget of gold.
    * pico de oro = gift of the (gob/gab), the.
    * querer el oro y el moro = have + Posesivo + cake and eat it.
    * regla de oro = golden rule.
    * tener un corazón de oro = have + a heart of gold.
    * terminar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * todo lo que toca se convierte en oro = Midas touch, the.
    * valer el oro y el moro = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny.
    * vellocino de oro, el = Golden Fleece, the.
    * yacimiento de oro = goldfield.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo invariable gold
    II
    1) ( metal) gold

    andar cargado al oro — (Chi fam) to be loaded (colloq)

    guardar/tener algo como oro en polvo (AmL) or (Esp) en paño — to treasure something (as if it were gold (AmE) o (BrE) gold dust)

    prometer el oro y el moro — to promise the earth

    2) ( en naipes)
    * * *
    = gold.

    Ex: In a thesaurus on dentistry, for example, the term gold will be an NT under FILLING MATERIALS; it would make little sense to create a 'metals' or 'precious metals' hierarchy.

    * acabar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * adornado con pan de oro = gold-leafed.
    * aniversario de oro = golden anniversary.
    * bodas de oro = golden wedding.
    * buscador de oro = gold digger, gold prospector.
    * buscar oro = pan for + gold.
    * búsqueda de oro = gold digging.
    * corazón de oro = heart of gold.
    * costar el oro y el moro = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * dar el oro y el moro = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * de oro macizo = solid-gold.
    * descubrir una mina de oro = strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.
    * edad de oro = golden age.
    * el tiempo es oro = time is money.
    * enchapado en oro = gold-plated.
    * en oro = gilt.
    * en pan de oro = gold-leafed.
    * estampado en oro = gold tooling, goldblocking, gilt-tooled.
    * fiebre del oro, la = gold rush, the.
    * impresión en oro = gold tooling.
    * lingote de oro = gold bar.
    * mina de oro = goldmine [gold mine], gold mine.
    * no ser oro todo lo que reluce = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * No todo lo que reluce es oro = All that glitters is not gold, Not all that is gold glitters.
    * oportunidad de oro = golden opportunity.
    * oro batido = gold leaf.
    * oro en lingotes = gold bullion.
    * pan de oro = gold leaf.
    * patrón oro, el = gold standard, the.
    * pepita de oro = nugget of gold.
    * pico de oro = gift of the (gob/gab), the.
    * querer el oro y el moro = have + Posesivo + cake and eat it.
    * regla de oro = golden rule.
    * tener un corazón de oro = have + a heart of gold.
    * terminar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * todo lo que toca se convierte en oro = Midas touch, the.
    * valer el oro y el moro = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny.
    * vellocino de oro, el = Golden Fleece, the.
    * yacimiento de oro = goldfield.

    * * *
    oro1
    gold
    oro2
    A (metal) gold
    oro (de) 18 quilates 18-carat gold
    lingote/anillo de oro gold ingot/ring
    bañado en oro gold-plated
    reservas de oro gold reserves
    ¿80 pesos? ¡ni que fuera (de) oro! ¿80 pesos? what's it made of? solid gold or something?
    cabellos/rizos de oro ( liter); golden hair/curls ( liter)
    andar cargado al oro ( Chi fam); to have a lot of money on one ( colloq), to be flush ( colloq)
    guardar/tener algo como oro en polvo ( AmL) or ( Esp) en paño to treasure sth (as if it were gold ( AmE) o ( BrE) as if it were gold dust)
    hacerla de oro ( Chi fam): ahora si que la hiciste de oro ( iró); that was a really clever thing to do ( iro)
    ni por todo el oro del mundo not for all the tea in China ( colloq)
    prometer el oro y el moro to promise the earth
    valer (su peso en) oro to be worth one's weight in gold
    Compuestos:
    gold leaf
    white gold
    black gold
    old gold
    * * *

     

    Del verbo orar: ( conjugate orar)

    oro es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    oró es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    orar    
    oro
    orar ( conjugate orar) verbo intransitivo (frml) (Relig) to pray
    oro adjetivo invariable
    gold
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1 ( metal) gold;

    bañado en oro gold-plated;
    oro negro black gold;
    ni por todo el oro del mundo not for all the tea in China (colloq)
    2 ( en naipes)
    a) ( carta) any card of the

    ◊ oros suit

    b)

    ◊ oros sustantivo masculino plural ( palo) one of the suits in a Spanish pack of cards

    orar vi Rel to pray
    oro sustantivo masculino
    1 (metal) gold
    oro de ley, fine gold
    bañado/a en oro, gold-plated
    oro de 24 kilates, 24-carat gold
    una pulsera de oro, a golden bracelet
    2 (en la baraja española) oros, diamonds
    ♦ Locuciones: no es oro todo lo que reluce, all that glitters is not gold
    hacerse de oro, to become very rich
    prometer el oro y el moro, to promise the earth/the moon
    como los chorros del oro, as bright as a new pin
    ni por todo el oro del mundo, not for all the tea in China
    ' oro' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bañar
    - boda
    - broche
    - buscador
    - buscadora
    - chapada
    - chapado
    - contender
    - delgada
    - delgado
    - descubrir
    - edad
    - gallina
    - ley
    - maciza
    - macizo
    - ni
    - orfebre
    - pan
    - pepita
    - pico
    - regla
    - relucir
    - reluciente
    - rubí
    - toisón
    - vellocino
    - bañado
    - barra
    - corazón
    - fiebre
    - legítimo
    - modalidad
    - podrido
    - quilate
    - regalar
    - sellar
    - sello
    English:
    bar
    - bullion
    - buttercup
    - cuff links
    - exorbitant
    - gift
    - gold
    - gold disc
    - gold dust
    - gold leaf
    - gold standard
    - gold-plated
    - golden
    - golden rule
    - golden wedding
    - hallmark
    - hoard
    - like
    - mine
    - missing
    - moneymaker
    - nugget
    - of
    - off
    - opportunity
    - out
    - overlay
    - prospect
    - prospector
    - real
    - rule
    - silence
    - strike
    - such
    - weight
    - carat
    - medalist
    - pan
    - plate
    - roll
    - rolled gold
    - sovereign
    - wedding
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [metal] gold;
    un reloj de oro a gold watch;
    oro de 18 quilates 18-carat gold;
    Literario
    sus cabellos de oro her golden hair;
    Hum
    voy a guardar los oros [joyas de oro] I'm going to put away my gold jewellery;
    vestido de oro y negro all dressed up, dressed up to the nines;
    no lo haría ni por todo el oro del mundo I wouldn't do it for all the tea in China;
    guardar algo como oro en Esp [m5] paño o Am [m5] polvo to treasure sth;
    hacerse de oro to make one's fortune;
    no es oro todo lo que reluce all that glitters is not gold;
    Vulg
    oro del que cagó el moro [oro falso] fool's gold;
    [cosa de mala calidad] trash;
    pedir el oro y el moro to ask for the moon;
    prometer el oro y el moro to promise the earth;
    Am
    ser alguien oro en polvo to be an absolute treasure
    oro amarillo yellow gold;
    oro en barras bullion;
    oro batido gold leaf;
    oro blanco white gold;
    oro laminado rolled gold;
    oro de ley standard gold, pure o real gold;
    oro molido powdered gold;
    oro negro oil, black gold;
    oro en polvo gold dust;
    oro rojo red gold;
    oro viejo old gold
    2. Dep [medalla] gold;
    Kenia se llevó el oro Kenya won (the) gold
    3. [naipe] any card of the “oros” suit
    4.
    oros [palo] = suit in Spanish deck of cards, with the symbol of a gold coin
    5. [en escudo] or
    ♦ adj inv
    gold
    * * *
    m
    1 gold;
    de oro gold;
    no es oro todo lo que reluce all that glitters is not gold;
    guardar como oro en paño con mucho cariño treasure sth; con mucho cuidado guard sth with one’s life;
    prometer el oro y el moro promise the earth;
    hacerse de oro get rich
    2
    :
    oros en naipes: suit in Spanish deck of cards
    * * *
    oro nm
    : gold
    * * *
    oro n gold

    Spanish-English dictionary > oro

  • 49 cola

    f.
    1 tail.
    2 train.
    hay mucha cola there's a big o long queue o (British) line (United States)
    4 bottom.
    están a la cola del mundo civilizado en cuanto a inversiones educativas they have the worst record in the civilized world as regards investment in education
    ir a la cola del pelotón to be one of the backmarkers
    tener o traer cola (informal) to have serious consequences o repercussions
    5 glue (pegamento).
    6 cola (bebida).
    7 willy (British), peter (United States) (informal) (penis).
    8 bum (British), butt (United States) (informal) (nalgas). ( Latin American Spanish)
    9 line, row, queue, tail of a list.
    10 wallpaper paste.
    11 cauda.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: colar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: colar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) tail
    3 (fila) queue, US line
    \
    a la cola at the back, at the rear
    estar en la cola figurado to be the last
    hacer cola to queue up, US stand in line
    ponerse en la cola to get into the queue, US get in line
    traer cola familiar to have serious consequences
    cola de caballo (planta) horsetail 2 (peinado) ponytail
    vagón de cola rear coach
    ————————
    \
    no pega ni con cola familiar it doesn't match at all
    ————————
    1 (árbol) cola
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) tail
    2) line
    3) glue
    * * *
    I
    SF
    1) [de animal, avión, cometa] tail

    traer cola —

    cola de caballo — (=en el pelo) pony tail; (=planta) horsetail

    cola de milano, cola de pato — (Téc) dovetail

    cola de rata — (Pesca) fly line

    2) [de frac] tail; [de vestido] train
    3) (=hilera) queue, line (EEUU)

    ¡a la cola! — get in the queue!, get in line! (EEUU)

    hacer cola — to queue (up), line up (EEUU)

    ponerse a la cola — to join o get into the queue, join o get into the line (EEUU)

    4) (=parte final) [de manifestación] tail end, back; [de carrera] back

    el ciclista estaba en o a la cola del pelotón — the cyclist was at the back of o at the tail end of the pack

    5) * (=pene) willy *, weenie (EEUU) *
    6) Ven
    (Aut)

    pedir cola — to ask for a lift o ride (EEUU)

    7) Cono Sur * (=trasero) bum **, bottom, butt ** (EEUU); (=cóccix) coccyx
    II
    SF (=pegamento) glue, gum; [para decorar] size

    pintura a la cola — distemper; (Arte) tempera

    no pegar ni con cola —

    III
    SF
    1) (=planta) cola, kola
    2) (=bebida) cola, Coke ®
    3) And (=refresco) fizzy drink
    IV
    * SM Chile poof **, queer **
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (de un animal, pez) tail

    traer or tener cola — to have repercussions

    b) ( de vestido) train; ( de frac) tails (pl)
    c) ( de avión) tail; ( de cometa) tail
    d) (RPl fam) ( nalgas) bottom (colloq)
    e) (Esp fam) ( pene) weenie (AmE colloq), willy (BrE colloq)
    2)
    a) (fila, línea) line (AmE), queue (BrE)

    hacer cola — to line up (AmE), to queue (up) (BrE)

    a la cola! — get in line! o in the queue!

    brincarse or saltarse la cola — (Méx) to jump the line o queue

    b) (de una clasificación, carrera)

    en lo que se refiere a la investigación estamos a la cola — as far as research is concerned, we are at the bottom of the pile o the league (colloq)

    3) ( pegamento) glue

    no pegar ni con cola: esos colores no pegan ni con cola those colors just don't go together; aquí no pega ni con cola — it just doesn't look right here (colloq)

    4) ( bebida) Coke®, cola
    5) (Ven) (Auto)
    II
    masculino (Chi fam & pey) fag (AmE colloq & pej), poof (BrE colloq & pej)
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (de un animal, pez) tail

    traer or tener cola — to have repercussions

    b) ( de vestido) train; ( de frac) tails (pl)
    c) ( de avión) tail; ( de cometa) tail
    d) (RPl fam) ( nalgas) bottom (colloq)
    e) (Esp fam) ( pene) weenie (AmE colloq), willy (BrE colloq)
    2)
    a) (fila, línea) line (AmE), queue (BrE)

    hacer cola — to line up (AmE), to queue (up) (BrE)

    a la cola! — get in line! o in the queue!

    brincarse or saltarse la cola — (Méx) to jump the line o queue

    b) (de una clasificación, carrera)

    en lo que se refiere a la investigación estamos a la cola — as far as research is concerned, we are at the bottom of the pile o the league (colloq)

    3) ( pegamento) glue

    no pegar ni con cola: esos colores no pegan ni con cola those colors just don't go together; aquí no pega ni con cola — it just doesn't look right here (colloq)

    4) ( bebida) Coke®, cola
    5) (Ven) (Auto)
    II
    masculino (Chi fam & pey) fag (AmE colloq & pej), poof (BrE colloq & pej)
    * * *
    cola1
    1 = tail, train.

    Ex: At first he tried self-treatment by rubbing it with the tail of a cat, but eventually gave in and consulted a local physician.

    Ex: This floor-length wedding dress is made of fine apple green taffeta, high waisted, with a small train, and the bodice lined with coarse white linen.
    * ciervo de cola blanca = white-tailed deer.
    * cola de caballo = ponytail, pigtails.
    * cola de discos = disc queue.
    * cola de documentos reservados y disponibles = held-document-available queue.
    * cola de espera = queue.
    * cola de impresión = print queue.
    * cola de los rezagados, la = trailing edge, the.
    * cola de reclamaciones = recall queue.
    * cola de tráfico = tailback.
    * con cola = caudate.
    * con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.
    * con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.
    * formar una cola = form + queue.
    * gestor de colas de impresión = print spooler.
    * hacer cola = queue up.
    * piano de cola = grand piano.
    * poner en cola = queue.
    * poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.
    * ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.
    * procesar una cola de espera = clear + queue.
    * sin cola = ecaudate.
    * viento de cola = tailwind.

    cola2
    2 = size, adhesive, glue.

    Ex: The sheets of paper were dipped by handfuls into hot size, a solution of animal gelatine made from vellum or leather shavings boiled in water, to make them relatively impermeable.

    Ex: A covering material of fast, even colour, was eventually produced that was impervious to the adhesive with which it was stuck to the boards.
    Ex: The solution was found to be a composition of glue and treacle which could be cast at first on to a cloth backing and later directly on to the roller stock.
    * cola de alumbre = alum sizing.
    * cola de colofonia = rosin size.
    * cola de piel de conejo = rabbit-skin glue.
    * encuadernación en cola = perfect binding, adhesive binding.
    * no pegar ni con cola = stick out like + a sore thumb.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de un animal, pez) tail
    traer or tener cola: este asunto va a traer cola this is going to have repercussions
    no lo van a olvidar, te aseguro que esto va a traer cola they aren't going to forget it easily, I'll bet we haven't heard the last of it yet
    el que tiene cola de zacate no puede jugar con lumbre (AmC, Méx); people who live in glass houses should not throw stones
    2 (de un vestido) train; (de un frac) tails (pl)
    4 ( AmL fam) (nalgas) bottom ( colloq), behind ( BrE colloq), backside ( BrE)
    5 ( Esp fam) (pene) thing ( colloq), weenie ( AmE colloq), willy ( BrE colloq)
    6 ( Chi fam) (cóccix) tail bone ( colloq); (zona) lower back
    7 ( Chi fam) (de un cigarrillo) cigarette butt, butt, cigarette o ( BrE colloq) fag end
    Compuestos:
    ponytail
    dovetail, dovetail joint
    ( Chi) rum punch with milk, coffee and vanilla vagón, paja2 (↑ paja (2))
    B
    1 (fila, línea) line ( AmE), queue ( BrE)
    podemos esperar, no hay mucha cola we could wait, there isn't much of a line o queue
    tuvimos que hacer cola durante dos horas we had to wait in line o we had to queue for two hours
    ¡a la cola! get in line!, get in the queue!
    pónganse a la cola por favor please join the (end of the) line o queue
    brincarse or saltarse la cola ( Méx); to push in ( colloq), to cut the line ( AmE), to jump the queue ( BrE)
    2
    (de una clasificación, carrera): un partido entre dos equipos en la cola a game between two bottom-of-the-league teams o two teams at the bottom of the division
    en lo que se refiere a la investigación científica estamos a la cola as far as scientific research is concerned, we are at the bottom of the pile o the league ( colloq)
    a la cola del pelotón at the tail end of the group
    C (pegamento — para papeles) glue, gum; (— para madera) glue
    no pegar ni con cola: esa falda y esa blusa quedan fatal, no pegan ni con cola that skirt and blouse look terrible, they just don't go together
    esos cuadros aquí no pegan ni con cola those paintings just don't look right o ( colloq) don't go in here
    Compuestos:
    wood glue o adhesive
    ● cola de contacto/impacto
    contact/impact adhesive
    fish glue, isinglass ( tech)
    D (bebida) Coke®, cola
    refresco de cola cola drink
    E
    ( Ven) ( Auto): pedir cola to hitchhike
    ¿me puedes dar la cola? can you give me a lift o a ride?
    fag ( AmE colloq pej), poof ( BrE colloq pej)
    * * *

     

    cola sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Zool) tail;



    ( de frac) tails (pl)
    c) (de avión, cometa) tail

    d) (RPl fam) ( nalgas) bottom (colloq)

    2 ( fila) line (AmE), queue (BrE);
    ◊ hacer cola to line up (AmE), to queue (up) (BrE);

    pónganse a la cola por favor please join the (end of the) line o queue;
    brincarse la cola (Méx) to jump the line o queue;
    a la cola del pelotón at the tail end of the group
    3


    b) ( bebida) Coke®, cola

    4 (Ven) (Auto):

    darle la cola a algn to give sb a lift o a ride
    cola 1 sustantivo femenino
    1 (de animal, de un avión) tail
    2 (peinado) ponytail
    3 (de un vestido) train
    4 (fila) queue, US line: hicimos cola durante una hora, we were queuing for an hour
    5 (final) bottom, a la cola, at the back o rear
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar traer cola, to have consequences
    cola 2 sustantivo femenino (pegamento) glue
    ' cola' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calimocho
    - coleta
    - piano
    - prensil
    - su
    - turno
    - vagón
    - vez
    - colar
    - coletazo
    - formar
    - interminable
    - kilométrico
    - mover
    - pegado
    - pegar
    - peludo
    - recoger
    - unir
    - viento
    English:
    catch 22
    - Coke
    - fizz
    - flick
    - formula
    - glue
    - grand
    - grand piano
    - join
    - line
    - line up
    - paste
    - ponytail
    - pop-top
    - queue
    - stick
    - stick together
    - superglue
    - swish
    - tail
    - ticket
    - tie on
    - train
    - whisk
    - brush
    - caboose
    - day
    - diet
    - guard
    - hitch
    - pony
    - wear
    * * *
    cola nf
    1. [de mamífero, pez] tail
    2. [de ave] tail
    3. [de avión, cometa] tail;
    Bol, RP
    tener cola de paja to be feeling guilty
    4. [de vestido de novia] train
    5. [parte final] [de clase, lista] bottom;
    [de desfile] end;
    el país está a la cola del mundo civilizado en cuanto a inversiones educativas the country has the worst record in the civilized world as regards investment in education;
    ir a la cola del pelotón to be one of the backmarkers
    6. [fila] Br queue, US line;
    hay mucha cola there's a long Br queue o US line;
    hacer o [m5] guardar cola Br to queue (up), US to stand in line;
    saltarse la cola Br to jump the queue, US to cut in line;
    llegué el último y me tuve que poner a la cola I was the last to arrive, so I had to join the end of the Br queue o US line;
    ¡a la cola! go to the back of the Br queue o US line!
    Informát cola de impresión print queue
    7. [pegamento] glue;
    Fam
    no pegar ni con cola: esa chaqueta y esos pantalones no pegan ni con cola that jacket and those trousers clash horribly;
    esos pantalones no pegan ni con cola en una fiesta tan formal those trousers are totally inappropriate for such a formal do
    cola de pescado fish glue
    8. Fam [consecuencias]
    tener o [m5] traer cola to have serious consequences o repercussions;
    sus declaraciones tendrán o [m5] traerán cola his statement won't be the end of it o won't be the last we hear of it;
    RP
    comer cola to suffer a setback
    9. [peinado]
    10. [árbol]cola tree
    11. [sustancia excitante] cola;
    una bebida de cola a cola drink
    12. Fam [pene] Br willy, US peter
    13. cola de caballo [planta] horse-tail
    14. cola de milano [en carpintería] dovetail;
    ensamblar a o [m5] con cola de milano to dovetail
    15. Am Fam [nalgas] Br bum, US fanny
    16. Arg [de película] trailer
    17. Ven [autoestop]
    dar la cola a alguien to give sb a lift;
    pedir cola to hitchhike
    * * *
    1 f ( pegamento) glue
    2 f
    1 AVIA, de animal tail;
    traer cola have repercussions;
    estar a la cola be in last place
    2 de gente line, Br
    queue;
    hacer cola stand in line, Br queue (up)
    3 L.Am. fam
    de persona butt fam, Br
    bum fam
    3 f BOT cola, kola;
    nuez de cola cola nut, kola nut
    * * *
    cola nf
    1) rabo: tail
    cola de caballo: ponytail
    2) fila: line (of people)
    hacer cola: to wait in line
    3) : cola, drink
    4) : train (of a dress)
    5) : tails pl (of a tuxedo)
    6) pegamento: glue
    7) fam : buttocks pl, rear end
    * * *
    cola n
    1. (de animal) tail
    2. (fila) queue
    3. (pegamento) glue
    4. (de tren) rear
    5. (de vestido) train

    Spanish-English dictionary > cola

  • 50 Tricolore

       The French flag, composed of three equal vertical bands or blue, white and red. Originally, the red and the blue were the colours of the Paris national guard, and the white was the colour of French royalty. The design of the flag is generally attributed to General Lafayette in 1789.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Tricolore

  • 51 fartuch

    m 1. (chroniący przód ubrania) apron; (z karczkiem) pinafore
    - fartuch kuchenny a kitchen apron
    - przypasać/odpasać fartuch to put on/take off one’s apron
    2. (ubranie ochronne) gown, overall
    - fartuch lekarski a (doctor’s) white a. lab coat
    - fartuch chirurga a surgical gown
    - fartuch laboratoryjny a lab(oratory) coat
    - robotnicy w brudnych fartuchach workers in dirty overalls
    - szkolny fartuch a school overall, school coveralls US
    3. (osłona) apron 4. Budow. apron flashing
    ■ trzymać się czyjegoś fartucha to be tied to someone’s apron strings
    * * *
    -a; -y; m
    ( kuchenny) apron; ( lekarski) (doctor's) gown, TECH overalls (pl)
    * * *
    mi
    Gen. -a
    1. ( okrycie ochronne) apron; trzymać się czyjegoś (matczynego) fartucha be tied to sb's apron-strings.
    2. techn. apron; fartuch błotnika mot. splash guard, mud flap.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > fartuch

  • 52 soltar

    v.
    1 to let go of.
    ¡suéltame! let me go!, let go of me!
    2 to release (dejar ir) (preso, animales, freno).
    si yo pillo un trabajo así, no lo suelto (informal) if I got a job like that I wouldn't let go of it o I'd make sure I hung on to it
    Ella suelta su mano She releases his hand.
    3 to let or pay out (desenrollar) (cable, cuerda).
    4 to give (risotada, grito, suspiro).
    soltar una patada a alguien to give somebody a kick, to kick somebody
    5 to come out with (decir bruscamente).
    6 to give off (desprender) (calor, olor, gas).
    estas hamburguesas sueltan mucha grasa a lot of fat comes out of these burgers when you fry them
    7 to unfasten, to loosen, to unloose, to untie.
    El chico soltó al perro The boy untied the dog.
    8 to let free, to let go, to let off, to release.
    El guarda soltó al pillo The guard released the rascal.
    El diario soltó la información The newspaper let off the information.
    9 to give forth, to burst out.
    Soltar un grito Give forth a cry.
    10 to give out, to fork out, to fork up, to fork over.
    Miguel suelta mucho dinero Mike gives out a lot of money.
    11 to lose hold.
    12 to pay out, to let go, to pay away, to run out.
    El marinero suelta la cuerda The sailor pays out the rope.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ CONTAR], like link=contar contar
    1 (desasir) to let go of, release, drop
    ■ ¡suelta el arma! drop the weapon!
    ■ ¡suéltame! let me go!
    2 (desatar) to untie, unfasten, undo; (aflojar) to loosen
    3 (preso) to release, free, set free
    4 (animal) to let out; (perro) to unleash
    5 (humo, olor) to give off
    6 (puntos) to drop
    7 (de vientre) to loosen
    8 familiar (arrear) to give, deal
    9 familiar (decir) to come out with, blurt out
    1 (desatarse) to come untied, come unfastened
    2 (desprenderse) to come off
    3 (tornillo etc) to come loose
    4 (animal) to get loose, break loose
    5 (puntos) to come undone
    6 (vientre) to loosen
    7 figurado (adquirir habilidad) to become proficient, get the knack
    8 figurado (desenvolverse) to become self-confident, loosen up
    \
    soltar amarras to cast off
    soltar la lengua to speak freely
    soltar un taco to swear
    soltarse a + inf to begin + inf, start + inf / -ing
    soltarse a su gusto familiar to let off steam
    ¡suelta! (dejar ir) let go! 2 (decir) out with it!, spit it out!
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=dejar de agarrar) to let go of; (=dejar caer) to drop

    ¡suéltenme! — let go of me!, let me go!

    2) [+ amarras] to cast off; [+ nudo, cinturón] (=quitar) to untie, undo; (=aflojar) to loosen
    3) (Aut) [+ embrague] to let out, release, disengage frm; [+ freno] to release
    4) (=dejar libre) [+ preso, animal] to release, set free; [+ agua] to let out, run off
    5) (=emitir) [+ gas, olor] to give off; [+ grito] to let out

    solté un suspiro de alivio — I let out o heaved a sigh of relief

    6) (=asestar)
    7) [al hablar] [+ noticia] to break; [+ indirecta] to drop; [+ blasfemia] to come out with, let fly

    ¡suéltalo ya! — out with it!, spit it out! *

    soltó un par de palabrotas — he came out with a couple of rude words, he let fly a couple of obscenities

    8) * (=perder) [+ puesto, privilegio] to give up; [+ dinero] to cough up *
    9) [serpiente] [+ piel] to shed
    10) (=resolver) [+ dificultad] to solve; [+ duda] to resolve; [+ objeción] to satisfy, deal with
    11) And (=ceder) to cede, give, hand over
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( dejar ir) to release
    2) ( dejar de tener agarrado) to let go

    soltó el dinero y huyó — he dropped/let go of the money and ran

    suéltame, que me haces daño — let (me) go o let go of me, you're hurting me

    3)
    a) ( desatar) <cuerda/cable> to undo, untie
    b) ( aflojar)

    suelta la cuerda poco a poco — let o pay out the rope gradually

    c) < freno> to release; < embrague> to let out
    d) ( desatascar) <cable/cuerda> to free; < tuerca> to ondo, get... undone
    4) ( desprender) <calor/vapor> to give off; < pelo> to shed; < jugo>
    5)
    a) < carcajada> to let out; <palabrotas/disparates> to come out with; < grito> to let out, give

    no soltó palabra — he didn't say o utter a word

    siempre suelta el mismo rollo — (fam) she always comes out with the same old stuff (colloq)

    b) ( dar) (+ me/te/le etc)
    6) (fam) < vientre> (+ me/te/le etc)
    2.
    soltarse v pron
    1) (refl) persona/animal ( desasirse)
    2) ( desatarse) nudo to come undone, come loose; ( aflojarse) nudo to loosen, come loose; tornillo to work loose
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( dejar ir) to release
    2) ( dejar de tener agarrado) to let go

    soltó el dinero y huyó — he dropped/let go of the money and ran

    suéltame, que me haces daño — let (me) go o let go of me, you're hurting me

    3)
    a) ( desatar) <cuerda/cable> to undo, untie
    b) ( aflojar)

    suelta la cuerda poco a poco — let o pay out the rope gradually

    c) < freno> to release; < embrague> to let out
    d) ( desatascar) <cable/cuerda> to free; < tuerca> to ondo, get... undone
    4) ( desprender) <calor/vapor> to give off; < pelo> to shed; < jugo>
    5)
    a) < carcajada> to let out; <palabrotas/disparates> to come out with; < grito> to let out, give

    no soltó palabra — he didn't say o utter a word

    siempre suelta el mismo rollo — (fam) she always comes out with the same old stuff (colloq)

    b) ( dar) (+ me/te/le etc)
    6) (fam) < vientre> (+ me/te/le etc)
    2.
    soltarse v pron
    1) (refl) persona/animal ( desasirse)
    2) ( desatarse) nudo to come undone, come loose; ( aflojarse) nudo to loosen, come loose; tornillo to work loose
    * * *
    soltar1
    1 = dump, release, disengage, loosen, let + go, put down, drop off, let + go of, untie.

    Ex: The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.

    Ex: If you press the shift key again to return the keyboard to the unshifted (lowercase) condition, the lock is then released.
    Ex: The ribbon must be disengaged so that the metal typefaces strike the wax sheet directly.
    Ex: Reader use, exhibitions and reproductions, age, pigment damages, and the dry air caused by the radiators, often cause the layer of pigment in the miniatures of old manuscripts to loosen or flake off.
    Ex: Suddenly she piped triumphantly, almost getting to her feet: 'We could let the student assistants go!'.
    Ex: The implication is that these are books to be picked up, looked at, leafed through and put down again.
    Ex: That they received regular visits from people who dropped off packages on a regular basis along with money.
    Ex: For one, large areas of city were in the hands of the Mafia, who was not eager to let got of their vested interests.
    Ex: Bridling a horse safely starts with untying the horse.
    * no soltar = keep + a tight hold on.
    * soltar amarras = set + sail, cast off.
    * soltar la guita = cough up + money, cough up + cash.
    * soltar la pasta = pony up, cough up + money, cough up + cash.
    * soltar pasta = shell out + money, shell out.
    * soltarse = work + loose, come + loose, come off.
    * soltarse de = break + loose from.
    * soltarse la melena = let + Posesivo + hair down.
    * soltarse la melena cuando joven = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.
    * soltar semillas = go to + seed.

    soltar2
    2 = give off, spout.

    Ex: Once the fronds have given off their spores, they die and can be cut back.

    Ex: The weather cleared enough that we could get in to the volcanic islands (still spouting plumes of smoke) by copter in safety.
    * soltar chispas = emit + sparks.
    * soltar una carcajada = emit + laugh, let out + a laugh.
    * soltar una lágrima = shed + tears.
    * soltar vapor = blow off + steam, let off + steam.

    soltar3
    3 = blurt out, spit out, fire off.

    Ex: Then something compelled her to blurt out: 'Are you interested in the job?' 'We haven't frightened you off, have we?' ejaculated another, with a nervous laugh.

    Ex: He stared coldly at her for a moment, then spat out: 'Bah! You're in charge'.
    Ex: Incredible though it may seem, the youngster didn't fire off a volley of cheerful curses, but silently obeyed.
    * soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.
    * soltar una indirecta = drop + a hint.

    * * *
    soltar [ A10 ]
    vt
    A (dejar ir) to release
    lo soltaron porque no tenían pruebas they released him o they let him go because they had no evidence
    soltaron varios toros en las fiestas during the festivities they let several bulls loose in the streets
    soltó al perro para que corriese he let the dog off the leash to give it a run
    vete o te suelto el perro go away or I'll set the dog on you
    B
    (dejar de tener cogido): aguanta esto y no lo sueltes hold this and don't let go of it
    ¡suelta la pistola! drop the gun!
    ¿dónde puedo soltar estos paquetes? where can I put down o ( colloq) drop these packages?
    soltó el dinero y salió corriendo he dropped/let go of the money and ran out
    suéltame que me haces daño let (me) go o let go of me, you're hurting me
    si no sueltas lo que me debes ( fam); if you don't give me o hand over o ( colloq) cough up what you owe me
    es muy tacaño y no suelta un duro he's so tightfisted you can't get a penny out of him
    no pienso soltar este puesto I've no intention of giving up this position
    C
    1 (desatar) ‹cuerda/cable› to undo, untie
    soltar amarras to cast off
    2
    (aflojar): suelta la cuerda poco a poco let o pay out the rope gradually
    3 ‹freno› to release; ‹embrague› to let out
    4 (desatascar) ‹cable/cuerda› to free
    consiguió soltar la tuerca he managed to get the nut undone o to undo the nut
    D (desprender) ‹piel› to shed; ‹calor/humo/vapor› to give off
    este suéter suelta mucho pelo this sweater sheds a lot of hair
    E
    1 ‹carcajada› to let out; ‹tacos/disparates› to come out with
    soltó un grito de dolor she let out o gave a cry of pain
    no soltó palabra he didn't say o utter a word
    siempre suelta el mismo rollo ( fam); she always comes out with o gives us the same old stuff ( colloq)
    soltó varios estornudos he sneezed several times
    2 ‹bofetada/golpe› (+ me/te/le etc):
    cállate o te suelto un tortazo shut up or I'll clobber you ( colloq)
    F ( fam) ‹vientre› (+ me/te/le etc):
    te suelta el vientre it loosens your bowels
    ■ soltar
    vi
    1
    (decir): vamos, suelta, ¿qué pasó? ( fam); come on, out with it, what happened? ( colloq)
    2
    (dejar de tener cogido): ¡suelta! let go!, let go of it!
    A ( refl)
    «persona/animal» (desasirse): no te sueltes (de la mano) don't let go of my hand, hold on to my hand
    el perro se soltó the dog got loose, the dog slipped its lead ( o collar etc)
    no pude soltarme I couldn't get away
    el prisionero consiguió soltarse the prisoner managed to free himself o get free
    B «nudo» (desatarse) to come undone, come loose; (aflojarse) to loosen, come loose
    la cuerda se soltó y me caí the rope came loose o undone and I fell
    los tornillos se están soltando the screws are working o coming loose
    suéltate el pelo let your hair down
    para que no se suelte la costura so that the seam doesn't come unstitched o undone
    C
    (adquirir desenvoltura): necesita práctica para soltarse she needs practice to gain confidence
    en Francia se soltó en el francés his French became more fluent when he was in France
    soltarse A + INF to start to + INF, to start -ING
    se soltó a andar/hablar al año she started walking/talking at the age of one
    * * *

     

    soltar ( conjugate soltar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( dejar ir) ‹ persona› to release, to let … go;

    2 ( dejar de tener agarrado) to let go of;

    soltó el dinero y huyó he dropped/let go of the money and ran;
    ¡suelta la pistola! drop the gun!
    3
    a) ( desatar) ‹cuerda/cable› to undo, untie;


    b) ( aflojar):

    ◊ suelta la cuerda poco a poco let o pay out the rope gradually

    c) ‹ freno› to release;

    ‹ embrague› to let out
    d) ( desatascar) ‹cable/cuerda› to free;

    ‹ tuerca› to undo, get … undone
    4 ( desprender) ‹calor/vapor› to give off;
    ‹ pelo› to shed
    5 ‹ carcajada› to let out;
    ‹palabrotas/disparates› to come out with;
    ‹ grito› to let out
    soltarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( refl) [ perro] to get loose;

    2 ( desatarse) [ nudo] to come undone, come loose;
    ( aflojarse) [ nudo] to loosen, come loose;
    [ tornillo] to come loose
    soltar verbo transitivo
    1 (dejar en libertad) to release
    2 (desasir) to let go off: soltó el perro por la finca, he let the dog run loose around the estate
    ¡suéltale!, let him go!, suelta esa cuerda, undo that rope
    3 (despedir) to give off: suelta un olor pestilente, it stinks
    (un líquido) to ooze
    4 (decir inopinadamente) me soltó una fresca, he answered me back
    soltó una tontería, he made a silly remark
    5 (dar de pronto) to give: me soltó una patada, he gave me a kick
    (una carcajada, un estornudo) to let out
    ' soltar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aflojar
    - amarra
    - carcajada
    - escurrirse
    - prenda
    - rollo
    - desprender
    - indirecta
    - largar
    - suelta
    - taco
    English:
    cast off
    - cough up
    - disengage
    - drop
    - free
    - give
    - go
    - hint
    - let out
    - loose
    - release
    - shell out
    - spout
    - swear
    - unclench
    - cast
    - cough
    - crack
    - drag
    - laugh
    - let
    - loosen
    - scream
    - unleash
    - untie
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [desasir] to let go of;
    soltó la maleta sobre la cama she dropped the suitcase onto the bed;
    ¡suéltame! let me go!, let go of me!
    2. [dejar ir, liberar] [preso, animales] to release;
    [freno] to release; [acelerador] to take one's foot off;
    han soltado a los presos the prisoners have been released;
    no sueltes al perro don't let the dog off the leash;
    ve soltando el embrague poco a poco let the clutch out gradually;
    Fam
    no suelta (ni) un Esp [m5] duro o Am [m5] centavo you can't get a penny out of her;
    Fam
    si yo pillo un trabajo así, no lo suelto if I got a job like that I wouldn't let go of it o I'd make sure I hung on to it
    3. [desatar] [cierre] to unfasten;
    [enganche] to unhook; [nudo, cuerda] to untie; [hebilla, cordones] to undo; [tornillo, tuerca] to unscrew
    4. [aflojar] [nudo, cordones, tornillo] to loosen
    5. [desenrollar] [cable, cuerda] to let o pay out;
    ve soltando cuerda hasta que yo te diga keep letting out o paying out more rope until I tell you to stop
    6. [desprender] [calor, olor, gas] to give off;
    este tubo de escape suelta demasiado humo this exhaust pipe is letting out a lot of smoke;
    estas hamburguesas sueltan mucha grasa a lot of fat comes out of these burgers when you fry them;
    este gato suelta mucho pelo this cat loses a lot of hair
    7. [dar] [golpe] to give;
    [risotada, grito, suspiro] to give, to let out;
    soltar una patada a alguien to give sb a kick, to kick sb;
    ¡a que te suelto un bofetón! watch it or I'll smack you in the face!
    8. [decir bruscamente] to come out with;
    me soltó que me fuera al infierno he turned round and told me to go to hell;
    Fam
    ¡venga, suelta lo que sepas! come on out with it!;
    Fam
    nos soltó un sermón sobre la paternidad responsable she gave us o came out with this lecture about responsible parenting
    9. [laxar]
    esto te ayudará a soltar el vientre this will help to loosen your bowels
    * * *
    v/t
    1 let go of
    2 ( librar) release, let go
    3 olor give off
    4 nudo, tuerca undo
    5 fam
    discurso launch into
    6
    :
    * * *
    soltar {19} vt
    1) : to let go of, to drop
    2) : to release, to set free
    3) aflojar: to loosen, to slacken
    * * *
    soltar vb
    1. (dejar de tener cogido) to let go of [pt. & pp. let]
    ¡suéltame! let go of me!
    2. (dejar libre) to set free [pt. & pp. set] / to release
    3. (aflojar) to undo [pt. undid; pp. undone] / to loosen
    4. (desenrollar) to let out [pt. & pp. let]
    ¡va, suelta la pasta! come on, pay up!

    Spanish-English dictionary > soltar

  • 53 लॄ _lॄ

    लॄ f. A mother, a divine female. -m. Śiva. -f. =
    लृ. cf. लॄर्महात्मा सुरो बालो भूपः स्तोमः कथानकः (वक्ता) । मूर्खो शिश्नो गुदः कक्षा केशः पापरतो नरः ॥ Enm. एकान्वयो मम Ś.7; मनस्येकं वचस्येकं कर्मण्येकं महात्मनाम् H.1.197.
    -4 Firm, unchanged; एको ग्रहस्तु Pt.1.26.
    -5 Single of its kind, unique, singular.
    -6 Chief, supreme, prominent, sole; ब्राह्मण्यास्तद्धरेत्पुत्र एकांशं वै पितुर्धनात् Mb.13.47.11. ˚पार्थिव, ˚धनुर्धरः, ˚ऐश्वर्य M.1.1 sole sovereignty; एको रागिषु राजते Bh.3.121.
    -7 Peerless, matchless.
    -8 One of two or many; Me.3. एकः सख्यास्तव सह मया वामपादाभिलाषी Me.8.
    -9 Oft. used like the English indefinite article 'a', or 'an'; ज्योतिरेकम् Ś.5.3.
    -1 True.
    -11 Little. Oft. used in the middle of comp. in the sense of 'only', with an adjectival or adverbial force; दोषैकदृक् looking only to faults; त्वदेकेषु Ku.3.15 your arrow only; so भोगैकबद्धस्पृहः. एकः-अन्यः, or अपरः the one- the other; अजामेकां लोहित... नमामः । अजो ह्येको... अजोन्यः Śvet. Up.4.5; it is used in the plural in the sense of some, its correlative being अन्ये or अपरे (others); एके समूहुर्बलरेणुसंहतिं शिरोभिराज्ञामपरे महीभृतः ॥ Śi.12.45; see अन्य, अपर also.
    -कः N. of Viṣṇu. the ऴSupreme Being or Prajāpati; एक इति च प्रजापतेरभिधानमिति । ŚB. on MS. 1.3.13.
    (-कम्) 1 The mind; एकं विनिन्ये स जुगोप सप्त सप्तैव तत्याज ररक्ष पञ्च Bu. Ch.2.41.
    -2 unity, a unit; Hch.
    -का N. of Durgā. [cf. Persian yak; L. aequus].
    -Comp. -अंशः a separate part, part in general. विष्टभ्याह- मिदं कृत्स्नमेकांशेन स्थितो जगत् Bg.1.42. एकांशश्च प्रधानतः Ms. 9.15.
    -अक्ष a.
    1 having only one axle. द्विचक्रमेकाक्षम् (रथम्) Bhāg.4.26.1.
    -2 having one eye.
    -3 having an excellent eye.
    (-क्षः) 1 a crow.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -अक्षर a. monosyllabic. ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म Bg.8.13.
    (-रम्) 1 a monosyllable.
    -2 the sacred syllable; ओम्; एकाक्षरं परं ब्रह्म Ms.2.83.
    -3 The sole imperishable thing; एका- क्षरमभिसंभूय Av.5.28.8.
    -4 N. of an Upaniṣad. ˚कोशः a vocabulary of monosyllabic words by Puruṣottama- deva. ˚रीभावः the production of only one syllable, con- traction.
    -अग्नि a. Keeping only one fire; Āpastamba Dharma Sūtra 2.21.21. (
    -कः) One and the same fire.
    -अग्र a.
    1 fixed on one object or point only.
    -2 closely attentive, concentrated, intent; तद्गीतश्रवणैकाग्रा R.15.66; K.49; कच्चिदेतच्छ्रुतं पार्थ त्वयैकाग्रेण चेतसा Bg.18.72; मनुमे- काग्रमासीनम् Ms.1.1.
    -3 unperplexed.
    -4 known, cele- brated.
    -5 single-pointed. (
    -ग्रः) (in Math.) the whole of the long side of a figure which is subdivided. ˚चित्त, ˚मनस् a. with a concentrated mind, with un- divided attention. ˚चित्तम्, ˚चित्तता intentness of purpose, concentration of mind; तत्रैकाग्रं मनःकृत्वा Bg.6.12;18.72. °reeदृष्टि a. fixing one's eye on one spot.
    -अग्ऱ्य = ˚अग्र. (
    -ग्ऱ्यम्) concentration.
    -अङ्गः 1 a body-guard.
    -2 the planet Mercury or Mars.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu. ˚वधः Mutilation of a limb; Kau. A.4.
    -4 Having a unique or beautiful shape.
    (-अङ्गम्) 1 a single member or part.
    -2 sandal wood.
    -3 the head. (
    -ङ्गौ) a married couple. (
    -ङ्गी) Incomplete; ˚रूपक incomplete, simile.
    -अञ्जलिः A handful.
    -अङ्गिका preparation made with sandal-wood.
    -अण्डः a kind of horse.
    -अधिपतिः a sole monarch or sovereign.
    -अनंशा the only (day) receiving no part of the moon, an epithet of Kuhū or day of new moon (born together with Kṛiṣṇa and worshipped with Kṛiṣ&na and Bala- deva and identified with Durgā).
    -अनुदिष्ट a.
    1 left as a funeral feast or one who has recently partaken in it. (
    -ष्टम्) a funeral ceremony performed for only one ancestor (recently dead); see एकोद्दिष्ट; यावदेकानुदिष्टस्य गन्धो लेपश्च तिष्ठति Ms.4.111.
    -अन्त a.
    1 solitary, retired.
    -2 aside, apart.
    -3 directed towards one point or object only.
    -4 excessive, great; ˚शैत्यात्- कदलीविशेषाः Ku.1.36.
    -5 worshipping only one; devoted to only one (एकनिष्ठ); एकान्तजनप्रियः Bhāg.8.24.31.
    -6 absolute, invariable, perpetual; स्वायत्तमेकान्तगुणम् Bh.2.7; कस्यैकान्तं सुखमुपगतम् Me.111.
    (-तः) 1 a lonely or retired place, solitude; तासामेकान्तविन्यस्ते शयानां शयने द्युमे Rām.5.1.5. व्योम˚ विहारिणः Pt.2.2; H.1.49.
    -2 exclusiveness.
    -3 an invariable rule or course of conduct or action; तस्मादेकान्तमासाद्य Pt.3.7.
    -4 exclusive aim or boundary. (
    -तम्) an exclusive recourse, a settled rule or principle; तेजः क्षमा वा नैकान्तं काल- ज्ञस्य महीपतेः Śi.2.83. (
    -तम्, -तेन, -ततः, -ते) ind.
    1 solely, exclusively, invariably, always, absolutely, युद्धे नैकान्तेन भवेज्जयः Mb.5.64.27.
    -2 exceeding, quite, wholly, very much; वयमप्येकान्ततो निःस्पृहाः Bh.3.24; दुःखमेकान्ततो वा Me.111; oft. in comp.; ˚विध्वंसिन् sure or destined to perish; R.2.57; ˚भीरु Mu. 3.5 always timid; so एकान्तकरुण very weak &c.
    -3 alone, apart, privately. ˚भूत being alone or solitary; विलोक्यैकान्तभूतानि भूतान्यादौ प्रजापतिः Bhāg.6.18.3. ˚मति a. devoted to one object only. ˚विहारिन् a. a solitary wanderer. ˚सुषमा 'containing exclusively good years', a division of time with Jainas. ˚स्थित a. staying or remaining apart.
    -अन्तर a. next but one, separated by one remove; द्वन्द्वं दक्षमरीचिसंभवमिदं तत्स्रष्टुरेकान्तरम् Ś.7.27; V.1. (
    -रः) a kind of fever.
    -अन्तिक a. final, conclusive.
    -अन्तित्वम् devotion to one object.
    -अन्तिन् a. devoted to one object only; अहो अत्यद्भुतं ह्येतद् दुर्लभैकान्ति- नामपि Bhāg.7.1.15. -m. a worshipper of Viṣṇu.
    -अन्नम् one and the same food.
    (-न्नः), -˚आदिन् 1 a mess-mate.
    -2 One who lives on the alms from only one house; नैकान्नादी भवेद् व्रती Ms.2.188.
    -अपचयः, अपायः Diminution by one.
    -अब्दा a heifer one year old.
    1 passable for only one (as a foot-path) Mb.3.
    -2 fixing one's thoughts on one object, closely attentive, intent; see एकाग्र.
    (-नम्) 1 a lonely or retired place; एकायनगतः पथि Mb.1.176.5; Rām. 3.67.23.
    -2 a meeting-place, rendezvous. सर्वासामपां समुद्र एकायनम् Bṛi. Up.2.4.11.
    -3 union of thoughts.
    -4 monotheism.
    -5 the sole object; सा स्नेहस्य एकायनीभूता M.2.14; एकायनीभूय Mv.4 with one accord, unani- mously.
    -6 One and the same way, similarity; एकमेवायनगताः प्लवमाना गिरेर्गिरम् Rām.4.2.9.
    -7 Worldly wisdom (नीतिशास्त्र); नाम वै एकायनम् Ch. Up.7.1.2. ˚गत = एकायन q. v. तरुणः सुकृतैर्युक्त एकायनगतश्च ह Mb.7.12.22. ˚स्थः With only one resource open, driven to extremity; शूरश्चैकायनस्थश्च किमन्यत्प्रतिपद्यते Pratijñā.1.7.
    -अर्णवः general flood, universal deluge; अयं ह्युत्सहते क्रुद्धः कर्तुमे- कार्णवं जगत् Rām.5.49.2.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 having one and the same meaning, having the same object in view; राजन्यकान्युपायज्ञैरेकार्थानि चरैस्तव Śi.2.114.
    -2 (Rhet.) Tautological (as a sentence); Kāvyālaṅkāravṛitti. 2.1.11.
    (-र्थः) 1 the same thing, object, or intention.
    -2 the same meaning.
    -3 N. of a glossary (of synonymous words); cf. एकार्थनाममाला.
    - अवम a. inferior or less by one.
    - अवयव a. made up of the same components.
    -अशीत or ˚तितम a. eighty-first.
    -अशीतिः f. eighty-one.
    -अष्टका 1 the first or chief Aṣṭakā after the full moon; एकाष्टके सुप्रजसः सुवीरा Av.3.1.5.
    -2 the eighth day of the dark fortnight in the month of Māgha (on which a श्राद्ध is to be performed).
    -अष्ठीका (ला) The root of the trumpet-flower (Mar. पहाडमूळ).
    -अष्ठील a. having one kernel. (
    -लः) N. of a plant (बकवृक्ष); A white variety of Gigantic swallow- wort (Mar. रुईमांदार).
    -अहन् (ह) 1 the period of one day.
    -2 a sacrifice lasting for one day. ˚गमः, ˚अध्वा a day's journey.
    -आतपत्र a. characterized by only one umbrella (showing universal sovereignty); एकातपत्रं जगतः प्रभुत्वम् R.2.47. ˚त्रां भुवम् 18.4; K.26; Śi.12. 33; V.3.19.
    -आत्मन् a. depending solely on one-self, solitary.
    -आदेशः cf. Sk. on P.VI.1.11. one substitute for two or more letters (got by either dropping one vowel, or by the blending of both); as the आ in एकायन.
    -आयु a.
    1 providing the most excellent food.
    -2 the first living being. एकायुरग्रे विश आविवाससि Rv.1.31.5.
    -आवलिः, -ली f.
    1 a single string of pearls, beads &c.; सूत्रमेकावली शुद्धा Kau. A.2.11. एका- वली कण्ठविभूषणं वः Vikr.1.3; लताविटपे एकावली लग्ना V.1.
    -2 (in Rhetoric) Necklace- a series of statements in which there is a regular transition from a predicate to a subject, or from a subject to a predicate; स्थाप्यते$पोह्यते वापि यथापूर्वं परस्परम् । विशेषणतया यत्र वस्तु सैकावली द्विधा ॥ K. P.1; cf. Chandr.5.13-4; नेत्रे कर्णान्तविश्रान्ते कर्णो दोःस्तम्भदोलितौ &c. and Bk.2.19.
    -आहार्य a. having the same food; making no difference between allowed and forbidden food; एकहार्यं युगं सर्वम् Mb.3.19.41.
    -उक्तिः f. a single expression or word.
    -उत्तर a. greater or increasing by one.
    -उदकः (a relative) connected by the offering of funeral libations of water to the same deceased ancestor; जन्मन्येकोदकानां तु त्रिरात्राच्छुद्धिरिष्यते Ms.5.71.
    -उदरः, -रा uterine, (brother or sister).
    -उदात्त a. having one Udātta accent.
    -उद्दिष्टम् a Śrāddha or funeral rite performed for one definite individual deceased, not including other ancestors; see एकानुदिष्ट.
    -ऊन a. less by one, minus one.
    -ऋच् a. consisting of one verse (ऋच्). (
    -चम्) A Sūkta of one verse only; Av.19.23.2.
    -एक a. one by one, one taken singly, a single one; एकैकमप्यनर्थाय किमु यत्र चतुष्टयम् H. Pr.11; R.17.43.
    (-कम्), -एकैकशः, ind. one by one, singly, severally एकैकमत्र दिवसे दिवसे Ś.6.11; ˚कं निर्दिशन् Ś.7 pointing to each severally.
    -श्यम् (एककश्यम्) Single state, severally एकैकश्येनानुपूर्वं भूत्वा भूत्वेह जायते Bhāg.7.15.51.
    -˚श्येन (instrumental used as an adv.) individually, singly, one by one. ते यदि एकैकश्येनापि कुर्वन्ति तथापि सत्रक्रियामभिसमीक्ष्य बहव एव कुर्वन्तीति बहुवचनं भविष्यति । ŚB on MS.1.6.45.
    -ओघः 1 a continuous current.
    -2 A single flight (of arrows); एकौघेन स्वर्णपुङ्खैर्द्विषन्तः (आकिरन्ति स्म) Śi. 18.55.
    -कपाल a. consisting of or contained in one cup.
    -कर a. (
    -री f.)
    1 doing only one thing.
    -2 (-रा) one-handed.
    -3 one-rayed.
    -कार्य a.
    1 acting in concert with, co-operating, having made common cause with; co-worker; अस्माभिः सहैककार्याणाम् Mu.2; R.1.4.
    -2 answering the same end.
    -3 having the same occu- pation. (
    -र्यम्) sole or same business.
    -कालः 1 one time.
    -2 the same time, (
    -लम्, -ले) ind. at one time, at one and the same time; एककालं चरेद्भैक्षम् Ms.6.55. ˚भोजनम् eating but one meal in any given time.
    -कालिकम् Once a day; तेभ्यो लब्धेन भैक्ष्येण वर्तयन्नेककालिकम् Ms.11.123.
    -कालीन a.
    1 happening once only;
    -2 Contemporary, coeval.
    -कुण्डलः (लिन्) N. of Kubera; of Balabhadra and Śeṣa; गर्गस्रोतो महातीर्थमाजगामैककुण्डली Mb.9.37.14. cf. एककुण्डल आख्यातो बलरामे धनाधिपे Medini.
    -कुष्ठम् a kind of leprosy; कृष्णारुणं येन भवे- च्छरीरं तदेककुष्ठं प्रवदन्त्यसाध्यम् Suśr.
    -क्षीरम् the milk of one (nurse &c.).
    -गम्यः the supreme spirit.
    -गुरु, गुरुक a. having the same preceptor. (
    -रुः, -रुकः) a spiritual brother (pupil of the same preceptor).
    -ग्राम a. living in the same village. (
    -मः) the same village.
    -ग्रामीण a. Inhabiting the same village; नैकग्रामीणमतिथिम् Ms.3.13.
    -चक्र a.
    1 having only one wheel. (said of the sun's chariot); सप्त युञ्जन्ति रथमेक- चक्रम् Rv.1.164.2.
    -2 governed by one king only. (
    -क्रः) the chariot of the sun. ˚वर्तिन् m. sole master of the whole universe, universal monarch. (
    -क्रा) N. of the town Kīchakas.
    -चत्वारिंशत् f. forty-one.
    -चर a.
    1 wandering or living alone, alone; अयमेकचरो$ भिवर्तते माम् Ki.13.3;3.53. Kau. A.1.18. स्वच्छन्दमेकचरं Mudrā.
    -2 having one attendant.
    -3 living un- assisted.
    -4 going together or at the same time.
    -5 gregarious.
    -6 (Said of certain animals); न भक्षयेदेकचरान् Ms.5.17; Bhāg.5.8.18.
    (-रः) 1 a rhinoceros.
    -2 An ascetic (यति); नाराजके जनपदे चरत्येकचरो वशी Rām.2.67.23.
    - चरण a. having only one foot.
    -चारिन् a.
    1 living alone, solitary.
    -2 going alone or with one follower only.
    -3 An atten- dant of Buddha. (
    -णी) a loyal wife.
    -चित्त a. thinking of one thing only, absorbed in one object.
    (-त्तम्) 1 fixedness of thought upon one object.
    -2 unanimity एकचित्तीभूय H.1 unanimously; ˚ता fixedness of mind, agreement, unanimity.
    -चिन्तनम् thinking of only one object.
    -चिन्मय a. Consisting of intelligence; Rāmt. Up.
    -चेतस्, -मनस् a. unanimous; see ˚चित्त.
    -चोदन a. Resting upon one rule. (
    -नम्) referring to in the singular number.
    -च्छत्र a. Ruled by one king solely.
    -च्छायाश्रित a. Involved in similarity (of debt) with one debtor (said of a surety); Y.2.56.
    -ज a.
    1 born alone or single.
    -2 growing alone (a tree); महानप्येकजो वृक्षो बलवान्सुप्रतिष्ठितः Pt.3.54.
    -3 alone of its kind.
    -4 uniform, unchanging.
    -जः, -जा a brother or sister of the same parents.
    -जटा N. of a goddess उग्रतारा.
    -जन्मन् m.
    1 a king.
    -2 a Śūdra; see ˚जाति below.
    -जात a. born of the same parents; Ms.9.148.
    -जाति a.
    1 once born.
    -2 belonging to the same family or caste. (
    -तिः) a Śūdra (opp. द्विजन्मन्); ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः । चतुर्थ एकजातिस्तु शूद्रो नास्ति तु पञ्चमः ॥ Ms.1.4;8.27.
    -जातीय a. of the same kind, species or family. ˚अनुसमयः performance of one detail with reference to all things or persons, then doing the second, then the third and so on (see पदार्थानुसमय) Ms.5.2.1-2.
    -जीववादः (in phil.) the assertion of a living soul only.
    -ज्या the chord of an arc; sine of 3˚.
    -ज्योतिस् m. N. of Śiva.
    -तान a. con- centrated or fixed on one object only, closely attentive; ब्रह्मैकतानमनसो हि वसिष्ठमिश्राः Mv.3.11.
    (-नः) 1 atten- tion fixed on one object only; A. Rām.6.2.2.
    -2 musical harmony, = ˚तालः
    -ताल a. Having a single palm tree; एकताल एवोत्पातपवनप्रेरितो गिरिः R.15.23.
    -तालः harmony, accurate adjustment of song, dance, and instrumental music (cf. तौर्यत्रिकम्).
    -लम् A kind of sculptural measurement. (
    -ली) an instrument for beating time, any instrument having but one note.
    -तीर्थिन् a.
    1 bathing in the same holy water.
    -2 belonging to the same religious order; क्रमेणाचार्यसच्छिष्य- धर्मभ्रात्रेकतीर्थिनः Y.2.137. -m. a fellow student, spiritual brother.
    -तेजन a. Ved. having only one shaft (an arrow).
    -त्रिंशत् f. thirty-one; ˚त्रिंश 31st.
    -त्रिकः a kind of sacrifice performed in or lasting for a day.
    -दंष्ट्रः, -दन्तः "one-tusked", epithets of Gaṇeśa (एकदंष्ट्रः) A kind of fever.
    -दण्डिन् m.
    1 N. of a class of Sannyāsins or beggars (otherwise called हंस). They are divided into four orders:-- कुटीचको बहूदको हंसश्चैव तृतीयकः । चतुर्थः परहंसश्च यो यः पश्चात्स उत्तमः ॥ Hārita.
    -2 N. of a Vedantic school.
    -दलः, -पत्रः N. of a plant (चन्डालकन्द).
    -दिश् a. living in the same region or quarter.
    -दुःखसुख a. sympathising, having the same joys and sorrows.
    -दृश्, -दृष्टि a. one-eyed. -m.
    1 a crow.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 a philosopher.
    -दृश्य a. the sole object of vision, alone being worthy of being seen. तमेकदृश्यं नयनैः पिबन्त्यो Ku.7.64.
    -दृष्टिः f. fixed or steady look.
    -देवः the Supreme god.
    -देवत, -दे(दै)वत्य a. devoted, directed or offered to one deity.
    -देश a. occupying the same place.
    (-शः) 1 one spot or place.
    -2 a part or portion (of the whole), one side; ˚अवतीर्णा K.22; तस्यैकदेशः U.4; Mv.2; विभावितैकदेशेन देयं यदभियुज्यते V.4.33 'what is claimed should be given by one who is proved to have got a part of it'; (this is sometimes called एकदेशविभावितन्याय) ˚क्षाण a. partly burnt. एकदेशक्षाणमपि क्षाणमेव । ŚB. on MS.6.4.18.
    -देशिन् a. consisting of parts or portions divided into parts. -m. A disputant knowing only part of the true state of the case.
    -देह, -देहिन् a.
    1 having only one body.
    -2 elegantly formed.
    (-हः) 1 the planet Mercury.
    -2 (du.) Husband and wife.
    -धनः a kind of jug with which water is taken up at certain religious ceremonies.
    (-नम्) 1 an excellent gift.
    -2 honorific offering.
    -धनिन् a. obtaining an honorific offering,
    -धर्मन्, -धर्मिन् a.
    1 possessing the same properties of the same kind.
    -2 professing the same religion.
    -धुर, -धुरावह, -धुरीण a.
    1 fit for but one kind of labour.
    -2 fit for but one yoke (as cattle for special burden; P.IV.4.79).
    -धुरा a particular load or con- veyance.
    -नक्षत्रम् a lunar mansion consisting of only one star.
    -नटः the principal actor in a drama, the manager (सूत्रधार) who recites the prologue.
    -नयनः The planet Venus.
    -नवतः ninety-first.
    -नवतिः f. ninety-one.
    -नाथ a. having one master.
    (-थः) 1 sole master or lord.
    -2 N. of an author.
    -नायकः N. of Śiva.
    -निश्चय a. come to the same conclusion or resolution, having the same aim. (
    -यः) general agreement or con- clusion, unanimity.
    -निपातः A particle which is a single word.
    -निष्ठ a.
    1 intently devoted or loyal (to one thing).
    -2 intently fixed on one object.
    -नेत्रः 1 N. of Śiva; (one-eyed).
    -2 (With Śaivas) One of the eight forms of Vidyeśvara.
    -पक्ष a.
    1 of the same side or party, an associate.
    -2 partial. (
    -क्षः) one side or party; ˚आश्रयविक्लवत्वात् R.14.34; ˚क्षे in one point of view, in one case.
    -पक्षीभावः The state of being the one alternative.
    -पञ्चाशत् f. fifty-one.
    -पतिक a. having the same husband.
    -पत्नी 1 a faithful wife (perfectly chaste); तां चावश्यं दिवसगणनातत्परामेकपत्नीम् Me.1.
    -2 the wife of a man who has no other wives; यो धर्म एकपत्नीनां काङ्क्षन्ती तमनुत्तमम् Ms.5.158.
    -3 the wife of the same man; a co-wife; सर्वासामेकपत्नीनामेका चेत्पुत्रिणी भवेत् Ms.9. 183. ˚व्रतम् a vow of perfect chastity; कामेकपत्नीव्रतदुःख- शीलाम् Ku.3.7.
    -पत्रिका the plant Ocimum Gratissimum (गन्धपत्रा; Mar. नागदवणी)
    -पद्, -पाद् a.
    1 one-footed, limping, lame.
    -2 incomplete. (
    -पाद्) m. N. of Śiva or Viṣṇu. (
    -पदी) a foot-path (for a single man to walk on). एकपद्या तया यान्ती नलिकायन्त्रतुल्यया Śiva. B.28.66
    -पद a.
    1 one-footed.
    -2 consisting of or named in one word.
    (-दम्) 1 a single step.
    -2 single or simple word.
    -3 the time required to pronounce a single word.
    -4 present time, same time;
    (-दः) 1 a man having one foot.
    -2 a kind of coitus (रतिबन्ध). (
    -दे) ind. sudden- ly, all at once, abruptly; निहन्त्यरीनेकपदे य उदात्तः स्वरानिव Śi.2.95; R.8.48; K.45; V.4.3. (
    -दा) a verse con- sisting of only one Pāda or quarter stanza.
    (-दी) 1 a woman having one foot.
    -2 a Gāyatrī consisting of one Pāda. गायत्र्यस्येकपदी Bṛi. Up.5.14.7.
    -3 Foot-path (Mar. पाऊलवाट); इयमेकपदी राजन्यतो मे पितुराश्रमः Rām. 2.63.44.
    -पर a. Ved. an epithet of the dice in which one is decisive or of pre-eminent importance.
    -परि ind. one over or under, (a term at dice; cf. अक्षपरि). अक्षस्याह- मेकहरस्य हेतोः Rv.1.34.2.
    -पर्णा 1 N. of a younger sister of Durgā.
    -2 N. of Durgā.
    -3 a plant having one leaf only.
    -पलाशः a. a single Butea Frondosa.
    -पाटला N. of a younger sister of Durgā; N. of Durgā.
    -पाणः a single wager.
    -पात a. happening at once, sudden.
    -तः The first word of a Mantra (प्रतीक).
    -पतिन् a.
    1 sudden.
    -2 standing alone or solitary. (
    -नी) i. e. ऋक् a verse to be taken by itself or independently of the hymn to which it belongs.
    -पाद a.
    1 having only one foot; तत्र शिश्रिये$ज एकपादः Av.13.1.6.
    -2 using only one foot.
    (-दः) 1 one or single foot.
    -2 one and the same Pāda.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu and Śiva.
    -पादिका a kind of posture of birds.
    -पार्थिवः Sole ruler or king; न केवलं तद्गुरुरेक- पार्थिवः R.3.31.
    -पिङ्गः, -पिङ्गलः N. of Kubera; having a yellow mark in place of one eye; (his eye was so made on account of a curse uttered by Pārvatī when he cast an evil eye at her;) Dk.2.4.
    -पिण्ड a. united by the offering of the funeral rice-ball;
    ˚ता, -त्वम् consanguinity.
    -पुत्र a. having only one son.
    -पुरुषः 1 the Supreme Being; वेदान्तेषु यमाहुरेकपुरुषम् V.1.1;
    -2 the chief person. a. Consisting of only one man. तथैकपुरुषं राष्ट्रम् Bhāg.6.5.7.
    -पुष्कलः (रः) N. of a musical instrument (Mar. काहल); ततः प्रयाते दाशार्हे प्रावाद्यन्तैकपुष्कराः Mb.5.94.21.
    -प्रकार a. of the same kind.
    -प्रख्य a. singularly like.
    -प्रभुत्वम् sole sovereignty.
    -प्रयत्नः one effort (of the voice).
    -प्रस्थः a measure.
    -प्रहारिक a. killed by one blow. Mk.8.
    -प्राणयोगः union in one breath.
    -बुद्धि a. having only one thought.
    -भक्त a.
    1 serving one master only.
    -2 worshipping one deity.
    -3 eating together. (
    -भूक्तम्) N. of a religi- ous ceremony; eating but one meal (a day) Mb.3; Y.3.318. ˚व्रतम् eating but once a day as a religious observance.
    -भक्ति a.
    1 believing in one deity.
    -2 firmly devoted; तेषां ज्ञानी नित्ययुक्त एकभक्तिर्विशिष्यते Bg.7. 17. -f. eating but one meal a day.
    -भार्या a faithful or chaste wife. तामेकभार्यां परिवादभीरोः R.14.86 (
    -र्यः) one having one wife only.
    -भाव a. of the same or one nature.
    -2 sincerely devoted.
    -3 honest, sincerely disposed.
    (-वः) 1 one feeling, the same or unchanged devotion; दुर्ग्राह्यत्वान्नृपतिमनसां नैकभावाश्रयाणां सेवाधर्मः परमगहनः Pt.1.285;3.65. स्वतेजसा सत्त्वगुणप्रवाहमात्मैकभावेन भजध्वमद्धा Bhāg.
    -2 oneness, agreement. cf. एको भावः सदा शस्तो यतीनां भवितात्मनाम्
    -भूत a.
    1 being one, undivided
    -2 concentrated, closely attentive.
    -भूमः a palace having one floor.
    -भोजन, -भुक्त a.
    1 eating but one meal.
    -2 eating in common.
    -मति a.
    1 fixed on one object.
    -2 unanimous, thinking in the same way.
    -मनस् a. thinking with another, of one thought; ते निर्यान्तु मया सहैकमनसो येषामभीष्टं यशः Mu.2.13.
    -2 fixing the mind upon one object, closely attentive; गच्छन्तमेकमनसम् Mb.1.42.36. एकमनाः श्रोतुमर्हति देवः M.2.
    -मात्र a. of one syllable.
    -मुख a.
    1 having the face directed towards one place, direction of object; सहस्रं स एकमुखो ददाति Av.9.4.9.
    -2 having the same aim.
    -3 having one chief or head; द्यूतमेकमुखं कार्यम् Y.2.23.
    -4 having one door or entrance (as a मण्डप).
    (-खम्) 1 gambling.
    -2 a kind of fruit (रुद्राक्षफल).
    -मूर्धन् = ˚मुख q. v. Av.8.9.15.
    -मूला = अतसी q. v.
    -यष्टिः, -यष्टिका a single string of pearls.
    -योनि a.
    1 uterine.
    -2 of the same family or caste; एतद्विधानं विज्ञेयं विभाग- स्यैकयोनिषु Ms.9.148.
    -रजः the plant भृङ्गराज (Mar. माका).
    -रथः An eminent warrior; Mb.3.
    -रश्मि a. Lustrous Mb.4.
    -रस a.
    1 finding pleasure only in one thing, of one flavour; रसान्तराण्येकरसं यथा दिव्यं पयो$श्नुते R.1.17.
    -2 of one feeling or sentiment only; साहस˚ U.5.21 influenced only by rashness; विक्रम˚ K.7; भावैकरसं मनः Ku.5.82; M.3.1; Bv.2.155; Śi.6.26; V.1.9.
    -3 of one tenor, stable, equable; Māl.4.7; U.4.15.
    -4 solely or exclusively devoted (to one); अबलैकरसाः R.9.43,8.65.
    (-सः) 1 oneness of aim or feeling.
    -2 the only flavour or pleasure. (
    -सम्) a drama of one sentiment.
    -राज्, -राजः m. an absolute king; प्राङ् विशाम्पतिरेकराट् त्वं वि राज Av.3.4.1. a. Shining alone, alone visible; स वा एष तदा द्रष्टा नाप- श्यद् दृश्यमेकराट् Bhāg.3.5.24.
    -रात्रः a ceremony lasting one night. (
    -त्रम्) one night; एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः Ms.3.12.
    -रात्रिक a. lasting or sufficient for one night only.
    -राशिः 1 a heap, crowd.
    -2 a sign of the zodiac. ˚भूत a. collected or heaped together.
    -रिक्थिन् m. a coheir; यद्येकरिक्थिनौ स्यातामौरसक्षेत्रजौ सुतौ Ms.9.162.
    -रूप a.
    1 of one form or kind, like, similar; आसवः प्रतिपदं प्रमदानां नैकरूपरसतामिव भेजे Ki.9.55.
    -2 uniform, one-coloured; Rv.1.169.2.
    (-पम्) 1 one form or kind;
    -2 The knowledge of reality. विमोचयत्येकरूपेण Sāṅ. K.63. ˚ता uniformity, invariableness; क्षणद्युतीनां दधुरेकरूपताम् Ki.8.2.
    -रूप्य a. formed or arising from one.
    -लिङ्गः 1 a word having one gender only.
    -2 N. of Kubera. (
    -ङ्गम्) a place in which for five krośas there is but one लिङ्ग (Phallus); पञ्चक्रोशान्तरे यत्र न लिङ्गान्तरमीक्ष्यते । तदेकलिङ्गमाख्यातं तत्र सिद्धिरनुत्तमा ॥ Śabdak.
    -वचनम् the singular number.
    -वर्ण a.
    1 of one colour.
    -2 identical, same.
    -3 of one tribe or caste.
    -4 involving the use of one letter (˚समीकरण).
    (-र्णः) 1 one form.
    -2 a Brāhmaṇa.
    -3 a word of one syllable.
    -4 a superior caste. (
    -र्णी) beating time, the instru- ment (castanet); ˚समीकरणम् an equation involving one unknown quantity.
    -वर्णिक a.
    1 of one colour.
    -2 of one caste.
    -वर्षिका a heifer one year old.
    -वस्त्र, -वसन a. having only one garment, in one dress (without उत्तरीय). (
    -स्त्रम्) a single garment.
    -वाक्यम् one or unanimous opinion; एकवाक्यं विवव्रः R.6.85 raised a unanimous cry; ˚ता consistency in meaning, unanimity, reconciling different statements, syntactical unity; प्रकरणाच्च ज्योतिष्टोमेनैकवाक्यता स्यात् । ŚB. on MS.1. 5.37.
    -वाक्यकृ 8 U. To effect syntactical unity, to construe as one sentence. तस्मात् प्रकृतानां... देवतानामन्यतमया देवतया प्रकृतत्वादेकवाक्यतां कृत्वा देवतामवगमिष्यामः । ŚB. on MS.1. 8.5.
    -वाक्यया 2 P. (with instrumental) To form one sentence with, to be syntactically connected with; न वै कृतं कर्म प्राकृतैरङ्गपदार्थैः सहैकवाक्यतां याति । ŚB. on MS.1. 1.2.
    ˚त्वम् syntactical unity. The state of forming or being one sentence; एकवाक्यत्वाच्च । Ms.1.1.8.
    -वाचक a. Synonymous.
    -वादः 1 a kind of drum or tabor (Mar. डफ).
    -2 the unitarian doctrine, monotheism.
    -वारम्, -वारे ind.
    1 only once.
    -2 at once, suddenly.
    -3 at one time.
    -वासस् a. Clothed in only one garment.
    -वासा A woman; Nigh.
    -विंश a. twenty-first; consisting of twentyone. (
    -शः) the Ekaviṁśa- ṣ&tod;oma; Av.8.9.2.
    -विंशक a. The twentyfirst; दश पूर्वान्परान् वंश्यानात्मानं चैकविंशकम् । ब्राह्मीपुत्रः सुकृतकृन्मोचयेदेनसः पितॄन् ॥ Ms.3.37.
    -कम् The number twentyone; Y.3.224.
    -विंशतिः f. twentyone.
    -विजयः Complete victory; Kau. A.12.
    -विध a. of one kind; simple.
    -विलोचन a. one-eyed; see एकदृष्टि.
    -विषयिन् m. a rival (having a common object or end in view).
    -वीरः a pre-eminent warrior or hero; धर्म˚ Mv.5.48.
    -रा N. of a daughter of Śiva, a deity.
    -वृक्षः 1 one tree.
    -2 a district in which but one tree is seen for 4 Krośas.
    -वृत f. heaven.
    -वृन्दम 1 a peculiar disease of the throat.
    -2 one heap or collection.
    -वृषः Ved. the chief bull; the best or most excellent of a number.
    -वेणिः, -णी f. a single braid of hair (worn by a woman as a mark of her separation from her hus- band &c.); गण्डाभोगात्कठिनविषमामेकवेणीं करेण Me.93; ˚धरा Ś.7; धृत˚ Ś.7.21.
    -वेश्मन् n. a solitary house or room; विप्रदुष्टां स्त्रियं भर्ता निरुन्ध्यादेकवेश्मनि Ms.11.176.
    -व्यवसायिन् a. following the same profession.
    -व्याव- हारिकाः N. of a Buddhist school.
    -शत a. 11 st. (
    -तम्) 11; अत्रैतदेकशतं नाडीनां Prasna. Up.3.6.
    -शक a. whole-hoofed. (
    -फः) an animal whose hoof is not cloven (as a horse, ass &c.); अजाविकं सैकशफं न जातु विषमं भजेत् Ms.9.119.
    -शरणम् the sole recourse or refuge (especially applied to a deity).
    -शरीर a. of one body or blood, consanguineous. ˚अन्वयः consan- guineous descent. ˚अवयवः a descendant in a right line, blood-kinsman. ˚आरम्भः commencement of consangui- nity by the union of father and mother.
    -शल्यः A kind of fish; Rām.5.11.17.
    -शाख a. having one branch. (
    -खः) a Brāhmaṇa of the same branch or school.
    -शायिन् a. Sleeping alone, chaste; Mb.13.
    -शाला A single hall or room; (
    -लम् A house consisting of one hall; Matsya P.
    -शीर्षन् = ˚मुख q. v. Av.13.4.6.
    -शुङ्ग a. having one sheath. (
    -ङ्गा) N. of a medicinal plant.
    -शुल्कम् One and the same purchase money (given to the parents of a bride); अन्यां चेद्दर्शयित्वा$न्या वोढुः कन्या प्रदीयते । उभे ते एकशुल्केन वहेदित्यब्रवीन्मनुः ॥ Ms.8.24.
    -शृङ्ग a. having only one horn.
    (-ङ्गः) 1 a unicorn; rhinoceros.
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -3 a class of Pitṛis.
    -4 a mountain having one top.
    -शेपः a tree having one root.
    -शेषः 'the remainder of one', a species of Dvandva compound in which one of two or more words only is retained; e. g. पितरौ father and mother, parents, (= मातापितरौ); so श्वशुरौः, भ्रातरः &c.
    -श्रुत a. once heard. ˚धर a. keeping in mind what one has heard once.
    -श्रुतिः f.
    1 monotony.
    -2 the neutral accentless tone. (
    -ति) ind. in a monotonous manner.
    -श्रुष्टि a. Ved. obedient to one command.
    -षष्ट a. sixty-first.
    -षष्टिः f. sixty-one. ˚तम a. sixty first.
    -संस्थ a. dwelling in one place; R.6.29.
    -सप्तत, ˚तितम् a. seventy-first.
    -सप्ततिः f. seventy-one.
    -सभम् a common place of meeting.
    -सर्ग a. closely attentive. (
    -र्गः) concentration.
    -सहस्रम् 11 or one thousand; वृषभैकसहस्रा गा दद्यात्सुचरितव्रतः Ms.11.127.
    -साक्षिक a. witnessed by one.
    -सार्थम् ind. together, in one company.
    -सूत्रम् N. of a small double drum played by a string and ball attached to the body of it (Mar. डमरू).
    -स्तोमः N. of Soma ceremony.
    -स्थ a.
    1 being or centred in one place; in one man; ज्ञानमेकस्थमाचार्ये...... शौर्यमेकस्थमाचार्ये Mb.7.188.45. Ku. 1.49; हन्तैकस्थं क्वचिदपि न ते चण्डि सादृश्यमस्ति Me.16.
    -2 close-standing, standing side by side.
    -3 collected, combined.
    -स्थानम् one or the same place; एकस्थाने प्रसूते वाक् Pt.4.5.
    -2 Standing closely; विपक्षेणापि मरुता यथैकस्थानवीरुधः Pt.3.53.
    -हंसः the chief or highest Haṁsa (an allegorical designation of the soul). हिरण्मयः पुरुष एकहंसः Bṛi. Up.4.3.11.
    -हायन a. one year old; त्रस्तैकहायनकुरङ्गविलोलदृष्टिः Māl.4.8; U.3.28. (
    -नी) a heifer one year old. (
    -नम्) the period of one year.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > लॄ _lॄ

  • 54 कुमुदः _kumudḥ _दम् _dam

    कुमुदः दम् [कौ भोदते इति कुमुदम्]
    1 The white water- lily said to open at moon-rise [Nymphea alba] नोच्छ्वसिति तपनकिरणैश्चन्द्रस्येवांशुभिः कुमुदम् V.3.16; so Ś.5. 28; Ṛs.3.2,21,23; Me.42. कुमुदवनमपश्रि श्रीमदम्भोजषण्डम् Śi.11.64.
    -2 A red lotus.
    -दम् Silver.
    -दः 1 An epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -2 N. of the elephant supposed to guard the south.
    -3 Camphor.
    -4 A species of monkey.
    -5 N. of a Nāga who gave his younger sister कुमुद्वती to Kuśa, son of Rāma; see R.16.79.86.
    -दा A form of Durgā.
    -Comp. -अभिख्यम् silver.
    -आकरः, -आवासः a pond full of lotuses. कुमुद्वतीनां कुमुदाकरैरिव Śi.12.4.
    -आनन्द a. The delighter of lotuses; अन्वगात्कुमुदानन्दं शशाङ्कमिव कौमुदी R.17.6.
    -ईशः the moon.
    -खण्डम् an assemblage of lotuses.
    -गन्ध्या f. a woman having the smell of a कुमुद to her body.
    -नाथः, -पतिः, -बन्धः, -बान्धवः, -सुहृद् m. the moon. ततः कुमुदनाथेन कामिनीगण्डपाण्डुना R.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > कुमुदः _kumudḥ _दम् _dam

  • 55 पादः _pādḥ

    पादः [पद्यते गम्यते$नेन करणे कर्मणि वा घञ्]
    1 The foot (whether of men or animals); तयोर्जगृहतुः पादान् R.1.57; पादयोर्निपत्य, पादपतित &c. (The word पाद at the end of comp. is changed to पाद् after सु and numerals; i. e. सुपाद्, द्विपाद्, त्रिपाद् &c.; and also when the first member is used as a standard of comparison, but is a word other than हस्ति &c.; see P.V.4.138-14; e. g. व्याघ्रपाद्. The nom. pl. of पाद is often added to names of persons or titles of address to show great respect or veneration; मृष्यन्तु लवस्य बालिशतां तातपादाः U.6; जीवत्सु तातपादेषु 1.19; देवपादानां नास्माभिः प्रयोजनम् Pt.1; so एवमाराध्यपादा आज्ञापयन्ति Prab.1; so कुमारिलपादाः &c.
    -2 A ray of light; बालस्यापि रवेः पादाः पतन्त्युपरि भूभृताम् Pt.1.328; Śi.9.34; R.16.53 (where the word has sense 1 also).
    -3 The foot or leg of an inanimate object, as of a bed-stead; चतुष्पदी हि निःश्रेणी ब्रह्मण्येव प्रतिष्ठिता Mb.12.2.4.
    -4 The foot or root of a tree; as in पादप.
    -5 The foot of a mountain, a hill at the foot of a mountain (पादाः प्रत्यन्तपर्वताः); रेवां द्रक्ष्यस्युपलविषमे विन्ध्यपादे विशीर्णाम् Me.19; Ś.6.17.
    -6 A quarter, fourth part; as in सपादो रूपकः 'one and one fourth rupee'; Ms.8.241; Y.2.174; कार्षापणे दीयमाने पादो$पि दत्तो भवति ŚB. on MS.6.7.2.
    -7 The fourth part of a stanza, a line.
    -8 The fourth part of a chap- ter or book, as of the Adhyāyas of Pāṇini, or of the Brahma-sūtras.
    -9 A part in general.
    -1 A column, pillar; सहस्रपादं प्रासादं......अधिरोहन्मया दृष्टः Mb.5.143.3.
    -11 A foot as a measure equal to twelve Aṅgulis.
    -12 The quadrant of a circle.
    -13 The foot-hole or bottom of a water-skin; इन्द्रियाणां तु सर्वेषां यद्येकं क्षरतीन्द्रियम् । तेनास्य क्षरति प्रज्ञा दृतेः पादादिवोदकम् ॥ Ms.2.99.
    -14 A wheel; गिरिकूबरपादाक्षं शुभवेणु त्रिवेणुमत् Mb.3.175.4; Ki.12 21.
    -15 A golden coin (weighing one tola); स ह गवां सहस्रमव- रुरोध दश दश पादा एकैकस्याः शृङ्गयोराबद्धा बभुवुः Bṛi. Up.3.1.1.
    -Comp. -अग्रम् the point or extremity of the foot; पादाग्रस्थितया मुहुः स्तनभरेणानीतया नम्रताम् Ratn.1.1.
    -अङ्कः a foot-mark.
    -अङ्गदम्, -दी an ornament for the foot, an anklet.
    -अङ्गुलिः, -ली f. a toe.
    -अङ्गुष्ठः the great toe.
    -अङ्गुष्ठिका a ring worn on the great toe.
    -अन्तः the point or extremity of the feet.
    -अन्तरम् the interval of a step, distance of a foot. (
    -रे) ind.
    1 after the interval of a step.
    -2 close or near to.
    -अन्तिकम् ind. near to, towards any one.
    -अम्बु n. butter-milk containing a fourth part of water.
    -अम्भस् n. water in which the feet (of revered persons) have been washed.
    -अरविन्दम्, -कमलम्, -पङ्कजम्, -पद्मम् a lotus-like foot.
    -अर्घ्यम् a gift to a Brāhmāṇa or a venerable person.
    -अर्धम् 1 half a quarter, an eighth; पादं पशुश्च योषिच्च पादार्धं रिक्तकः पुमान् Ms.8.44.
    -2 half a line of a stanza.
    -अलिन्दी a boat.
    -अवनामः bowing to a person's feet; इति कृतवचनायाः कश्चिदभ्येत्य बिभ्यद्गलितनयनवारेर्याति पादावनामम् Śi.11.35.
    -अवनेजः washing another's feet; विभ्व्यस्तवा- मृतकथोदवहास्त्रिलोक्याः पादावनेजसरितः शमलानि हन्तुम् Bhāg. 11.6.19.
    -अवसेचनम् 1 washing the feet.
    -2 the water used for washing the feet; दूरात् पादावसेचनम् Ms. 4.151.
    -अष्ठीलः the ankle; मर्मस्वभ्यवधीत् क्रुद्धः पादाष्ठालैः सुदारुणैः Mb.1.8.24.
    -आघातः a kick.
    - आनत a. prostrate, fallen at the feet of; कयासि कामिन् सुरतापराधात् पादानतः कोपनयावधूतः Ku.3.8.
    -आवर्तः 1 a wheel worked by the feet for raising up water from a well.
    -2 a square foot.
    -आसनम् a foot-stool.
    -आस्फालनम् tram- pling or motion of the feet, floundering.
    -आहतः a. kicked.
    -आहति f.
    1 treading or trampling.
    -2 a kick.
    -उदकम्, -जलम् 1 water for washing the feet.
    -2 water in which the feet of sacred and revered persons are washed, and which is thus considered holy; विष्णु- पादोदकं तीर्थं जठरे धारयाम्यहम्.
    -उदरः a serpent; यथा पादो- दरस्त्वचा विनिर्मुच्यते Praśna. Up.5.5.
    -उद्धूतम् stamping the feet.
    -कटकः, -कम्, -कीलिका an anklet.
    -कृच्छ्रम् a vow in which taking of meals and observing a fast are done on alternate days; Y.
    -क्षेपः 1 a foot- step.
    -2 a kick with the foot.
    -गण्डीरः a morbid swel- ling of the legs and feet.
    -ग्रन्थिः the ankle.
    -ग्रहणम् seizing or clasping the feet (as a mark of respectful salutation); अकारयत् कारयितव्यदक्षा क्रमेण पादग्रहणं सतीनाम् Ku.7.27.
    -चतुरः, -चत्वरः 1 a slanderer.
    -2 a goat.
    -3 the fig-tree.
    -4 a sand-bank.
    -5 hail.
    -चापल्यम् shuffling of the feet.
    -चारः going on foot, walking; यदि च विहरेत् पादचारेण गौरी Me.62 'if Gaurī should walk on foot'; R.11.1
    -2 the daily position of the planets.
    -चारिन् a.
    1 walking or going on foot.
    -2 fighting on foot. (-m.)
    1 a pedestrian.
    -2 a foot-soldier.
    -च्छेदनम् cutting off a foot; पादेन प्रहरन् कोपात् पादच्छेदन- मर्हति Ms.8.28.
    -जः a sūdra; पादजोच्छिष्टकांस्यं यत्...... विशुद्धेद् दशभिस्तु तत् Mb.12.35.31.
    -जलम् 1 butter-milk mixed with one fourth of water.
    -2 water for the feet.
    -जाहम् the tarsus.
    -तलम् the sole of the foot.
    -त्रः, -त्रा, -त्राणम् a boot or shoe.
    -दारी, -दारिका a chap in the feet, chilblain.
    -दाहः a burning sensation in the feet.
    -धावनिका sand used for rubbing the feet.
    -नालिका an anklet.
    -निकेतः a foot-stool.
    -न्यासः move- ment of the feet; पादन्यासो लयमनुगतः M.2.9.
    -पः 1 a tree; निरस्तपादपे देशे एरण्डो$पि द्रुमायते H.1.67; अनुभवति हि मूर्ध्ना पादपस्तीव्रमुष्णम् Ś.5.7.
    -2 a foot-stool. (
    -पा) a shoe. ˚खण्डः, -ण्डम् a grove of trees. ˚रुहा a climbing plant.
    -पद्धतिः f. a track.
    -परिचारकः a humble servant.
    -पालिका an anklet.
    -पाशः 1 a foot-rope for cattle.
    -2 an anklet of small bells &c.
    (-शिकः, -शी) 1 a fetter; हस्तिपक-पादपाशिक-सैमिक-वनचर-पारिकर्मिकसखः Kau. A.
    -2 a mat.
    -3 a creeper.
    -पीठः, -ठम् a foot-stool; चूडामणिभि- रुद्घृष्टपादपीठं महीक्षिताम् R.17.28; Ku.3.11.
    -पीठिका 1 a vulgar trade (as that of a barber).
    -2 white stone.
    -पूरणम् 1 filling out a line; P.VI.1.134.
    -2 an ex- pletive; तु पादपूरणे भेदे समुच्चये$वधारणे Viśva.
    -प्रक्षालनम् washing the feet; पादप्रक्षालने वज्री Subhāṣ.
    -प्रणामः prostration (at the feet).
    -प्रतिष्ठानम् a foot-stool.
    -प्रधारणम् a shoe.
    -प्रसारणम् stretching out the feet.
    -प्रहारः a kick.
    -बद्ध a. consisting of verses (as a metre).
    -बन्धनम् 1 a chain, fetter.
    -2 a stock of cattle.
    -भटः a foot soldier.
    -भागः a quarter.
    -मुद्रा a footprint. ˚पङ्क्तिः a track, trail.
    -मूलम् 1 the tarsus.
    -2 the sole of the foot.
    -3 the heel.
    -4 the foot of a mountain.
    -5 a polite way of speaking of a person; देवपादमूलमागताहम् K.8.
    -यमकः paronomasia within the Pādas.
    -रक्षः 1 a shoe.
    -2 a foot-guard; (pl.) armed men protecting the feet of an elephant in battle; शिरांसि पादरक्षाणां बीजवत् प्रवपन् मुहुः Mb.3.271.1.
    -रक्षणम् 1 a cover for the feet.
    -2 a leather boot or shoe.
    -रजस् n. the dust of the feet.
    -रज्जुः f. a tether for the foot of an elephant.
    -रथी a shoe, boot.
    -रोहः, -रोहणः the (Indian) fig-tree.
    -लग्नः a. lying at a person's feet.
    -लेपः an unguent for the feet.
    -वन्दनम् saluting the feet.
    -वल्मीकः elephantiasis.
    -विरजस् f. a shoe, boot. (-m.) a god.
    -वेष्टनिकः, -कम् a stocking.
    -शाखा a toe.
    -शैलः a hill at the foot of a mountain.
    -शोथः swelling of the foot; अन्योन्योपद्रवकृतः शोथः पादसमुत्थितः । पुरुषं हन्ति नारीं तु मुखजो गुह्यजो ह्ययम् ॥ Mādhava.
    -शौचम् cleaning the feet by washing, washing the feet; पादशौचेन गोविन्दः (तृप्तः) Pt.1.172.
    -संहिता the junction of words in a quarter of a stanza.
    -सेवनम्, -सेवा 1 showing respect by touching the feet.
    -2 service.
    -स्तम्भः a supporting beam, pillar, post.
    -स्फोटः 'cracking of the feet', chilblain.
    -हत a. kicked.
    -हर्षः numbness of the feet after pressure upon the crural nerves; हृष्यतः चरणौ यस्य भवतश्च प्रसुप्तवत् । पादहर्षः सः विज्ञेयः कफवातप्रकोपजः ॥ Suśruta.
    -हीनजलम् Water with a portion boiled,
    -हीनात् ind.
    1 without division or transition
    -2 all at once.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पादः _pādḥ

  • 56 शुद्ध _śuddha

    शुद्ध p. p. [शुध्-क्त]
    1 Pure, clean, purified; अन्तः- शुद्धस्त्वमपि भविता वर्णमात्रेण कृष्णः Me.51.
    -2 Holy, undefi- led, chaste, innocent; अन्वमीयत शुद्धेति शान्तेन वपुषैव सा R. 15.77;14.14.
    -3 White, bright.
    -4 Stainless, spotless.
    -5 Innocent, simple, guileness.
    -6 (a) Genuine, true. (b) Honest, upright.
    -7 Correct, faultless, upright.
    -8 Cleared, acquitted.
    -9 Mere only; शुद्धं हि दैवमेवेदं हठेनैवास्ति पौरुषम् Mb.12.177.12.
    -1 Simple, pure, unmixed (opp. मिश्र).
    -11 Unequalled.
    -12 Authorized.
    -13 Whetted, sharpened; जघान शुद्धेषुरमन्दकर्षी Bk.2.31.
    -14 Not nasal.
    -15 Unmitigated (as capital punishment); तडागभेदकं हन्यादप्सु शुद्धवधेन वा Ms.9.279.
    -16 Tried, examined.
    -द्धः 1 An epithet of Śiva.
    -2 The bright fortnight.
    -द्धम् 1 Anything pure.
    -2 The pure spirit.
    -3 Rock-salt.
    -4 Black pepper.
    -5 A house built generally of one material; namely wood, brick or stone etc.; द्रुमेणेष्टकया वापि दृशदाद्यैरथापि वा । एतेन सहितं गेहं शुद्धमित्यभिधीयते Kāmikāgama.45.21.
    -Comp. -अद्वैतम् the अद्वैत philosophy in which there is unity of जीव and ब्रह्म without माया (i. e. शुद्ध).
    -अन्तः a king's female apartments, harem, seraglio; शुद्धान्तदुर्लभमिदं वपुराश्रमवासिनो यदि जनस्य Ś.1.17; Ku.6.52.
    -2 a king's wife. ˚चारिन् m. an attendant in the harem, a chamberlain; U.1. ˚पालकः, ˚रक्षकः a guard of the harem.
    -अन्ता a king's wife, queen.
    -अनुमानम् a particular figure of rhetoric.
    -अपह्नुतिः a figure of speech; it is thus defined:-- शुद्धापह्नुतिरन्यस्यारोपार्थो धर्मनिह्नवः.
    -आत्मन् a. pure-minded, honest. (-m.)
    1 the pure spirit.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -आभ a. consisting of pure light; प्रशान्तमिव शुद्धाभं सत्त्वं तदुप- धारयेत् Ms.12.27.
    -ओदनः (शुद्धोदनः) N. of the father of the celebrated Buddha. ˚सुतः N. of the celebrated Buddha.
    -कर्मन् a. pure in deeds, holy.
    -कोटिः f. one of the sides of a right-angled triangle.
    -चैतन्यम् pure intelligence.
    -जङ्घः an ass.
    -जडः a quadruped.
    -धी, -भाव, -मति a. pure-minded, guileless, honest.
    -नेरिः a kind of dance.
    -पक्षः the light half of a month.
    -वटुकः (in music) a kind of drummer.
    -बोध a. (in Vedānta) possessed of pure intelligence.
    -भाव a. pure-minded.
    -वधः killing in a simple or ordinary way.
    -वंश्य a. born of a pure family; संततिः शुद्धवंश्या हि परत्रेह च शर्मणे R.1.69.
    -विष्कम्भकः (in drama.) a pure interlude (in which only speakers of संस्कृत take part).
    -शुक्रम् a morbid affection of the pupil of the eye.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > शुद्ध _śuddha

  • 57 JAFN

    * * *
    a.
    1) even; jöfn tala, even number;
    2) equal, the same; þínar (viz. ferðir) verða flestar jafnastar, thy doings are mostly the same, all equally bad; hann var ellefu vetra ok sterkr at jöfnum aldri, and strong for his age; jafn e-m, equal to one; jafnt er sem þér sýnist, af er fótrinn, it is just as it appears to thee, the leg is off; komast til jafns við e-n, hafa e-t til jafns við e-n, to equal one, be one’s match in a thing; at jöfnu, equally, in equal shares.
    * * *
    adj., also spelt jamn, f. jöfn, neut. jafnt, often spelt as well as proncd. jamt; compar. jafnari, superl. jafnastr: [Ulf. ibns, Luke vi. 17; A. S. efen; Engl. and Dutch even; old Fr. ivin; O. H. G. eban; mod. Germ. eben; Dan. jevn; Swed. jemn; akin to Lat. aequus by interchange of palatal and labial, see Grimm’s Dict. s. v. eben]:—even, equal, but, like Lat. aequus, mostly in a metaph. sense, for sléttr (q. v.) answers to Lat. planus; often followed by a dat., jafn e-u, equal to a thing, in comparison:
    I. equal, equal to; jöfn eyri (dat.) gulls, K. Þ. K. 72; jafn Guði, equal to God; jafn mér, passim.
    2. equal, the same; enda er jöfn helgi hans meðan hann ferr svá með sér, Grág. i. 93; ella er jöfn sök við hann fram á leið, 322; at ek verða jafn drengr í hvert sinn, Sd. 188; þínar verða flestar jafnastar, thy acts are mostly the same, i. e. all bad, Fms. viii. 409.
    3. fixed, unchanged; með jafnri leigu, jöfnum kaupum, jöfnum skildaga, Rétt. 2. 7, Stat. 264, Fb. ii. 137; hann var ellefu vetra eðr tíu, ok sterkr at jöfnum aldri, and strong for his age, Eg. 188, 592; eiga þeir jöfnum höndum (see hönd) allt þat er þeir taka, Grág. ii. 66.
    4. even, even-tempered; jafn ok úmíslyndr, Mar.: of numbers, jöfn tala, even in tale, equal, opp. to odda-tala, Alg. 356.
    II. neut. jafnt or jamt, almost adverbially, equally, just; jafnt utan sem innan, Grág. i. 392: as, just as, ok hafa eitt atferli báðar jamt, both together, both alike, Fms. xi. 137; jafnt er sem þér sýnisk (‘tis as it appears, indeed), af er fótrinn, Nj. 97; jafnt þrælar sem frjálsir menn, Fms. i. 113: jamt sem, just as, equally as; jafnt sem í fjórðungs-dómi, jamt skal eiga féránsdóm eptir fjörbaugs-mann sem eptir skógar-mann, Grág. i. 87; skal hann láta virða fé þat jamt sem úmaga-eyri, 189; menn skulu svá sakir hluta, jamt sem á alþingi, 122; jafnt hefir komit er þú spáðir, it has happened just as thou didst foretel, Niðrst. 8: ellipt., ok skal hann þá jamt (sem þeir) allri bót upp halda, Grág. ii. 182.
    2. temp. at the same time, just; ek skíri þik, ok nefna barn, í nafni Föður, ok drepa barninu í vatn um sinn jafnt fram fyrir sik, and dip the bairn each time info the water, K. Þ. K. 10: just, precisely, in the very moment, þat var jamt Jóla-aptan sjálfan er þeir börðusk, Fms. xi. 15; jamt í því hann stakaði. 133.
    3. adverb., at jöfnu, equally, in equal shares, Fms. xi. 131.
    4. til jafns, vóru þeir engir at né eina íþrótt hefði til jafns við hann, Nj. 46; halda til jafns við e-n, Ld. 40; komask til jafns við e-n, Fb. i. 261.
    B. COMPDS:
    I. such a, so … a; Karvel jafn-frægum dreng, so fine a fellow as K., Karl. 103; er þat skömm jafn-mörgum mönnum, ‘tis a shame for so many men, Gísl. 51: with the particle sem, jafn-ungr sem hann var, young as he was, i. e. so young as he was for his age, Vápn. 5; vel hafi þér mínu máli komit, jafn-úvænt sem var, Þiðr. 136; kvað þat ekki hæfa á jafn-mikilli hátið sem ( in such a feast as) í hönd ferr, Fb. i. 376; at eigi skyldi Hugon keisari yfir þá stíga jafn-reiðr sem hann varð þeim, Karl. 478; undraðisk hón hversu fríðr ok fagr hann var jafn-gamall maðr ( for his age), Stj. 225; mikill maðr ertú þó Þórir, jafn-gamall, Ó. H. 176; Þórir Oddsson var sterkastr jafn-gamall, Gullþ. 4.
    II. mod. phrases such as, það er jafngott fyrir hann, it serves him right; hann er jafngóðr fyrir því, it won’t hurt him; or honum er það jafn-gott, it will do him good, serve him right; vera jafn-nær, to be equally near, i. e. none the better; hann fór jafnnær, it was all of no use.
    III. in countless COMPDS (esp. adjectives) with almost any participle or adverb, rarely with verbs and nouns, and denoting equal, as, the same, as seen from the context often followed by a dat., e. g. jafn-gamall e-m, of the same age as another person:—of these compds only some can be noticed: jafn-aldri, a, m. one of the same age, Fms. i. 13, vii. 199, Bs. i. 179, Eg. 25, 84. jafn-auðigr, adj. equally wealthy, Band. 2: equally happy, hann setr hund sinn jafnaudigan okkr undir borði, Bjarn. 27. jafn-auðsær, adj. as perspicuous, Eluc. 41. jafn-auðveldr, adj. as easy, Ld. 78. jafn-ágætr, adj. as good, as noble, Nj. 129. jafn-ákafr, adj. as impetuous, Fms. xi. 137. jafn-beinn, adj. as straight, Sturl. i. 196. jafn-berr, adj. equally bare, Fas. i. 67. jafn-bitinn, part. evenly bitten or grazed, of a field, Gþl. 407. jafn-bitr, jafn-beittr, adj. as sharp, keen. jafn-bjartr, adj. as bright, Nj. 208: neut., Sks. 69. jafn-bjóða, bauð; j. e-m, to be a match for one, Finnb. 260: to be equal to, contest on equal terms with one, Fms. ii. 27, vii. 22; gripr betri en þeim peningum jafnbjóði, 655 xxx. 10. jafn-blíðr, adj. equally mild, Fær. 154. jafn-borinn, part. of equal birth, Ld. 332, Fms. x. 79 (v. l.), Gþl. 133; j. til e-s, having equal birthright to, Fms. vii. 8, x. 407. jafn-brattr, adj. as steep. jafn-brátt, n. adj. as soon, at the same moment, Hom. 114. jafn-breiðr, adj. equally broad, Edda 28, Gþl. 355. jafn-búinn, part. equally ‘boun’ or armed, Fms. ii. 165: ready, prepared, Stj. jafn-deildr, part. equally shared, Hom. 148. jafn-digr, adj. as stout, Sturl. iii. 63. jafn-djúpr, adj. as deep. jafn-djúpvitr, adj. as deep-scheming, Orkn. 214, Hkr. iii. 95. jafn-drengilegr, adj. as gallant, Ísl. ii. 446. jafn-drjúgdeildr, part. going as far, of stores, Sturl. i. 166. jafn-drjúgr, adj. keeping as long, Sturl. i. 216, Rb. 18. jafn-dýrligr, adj. equally splendid, Bs. i. 454. jafn-dýrr, adj. as costly, glorious, of the same price, K. Þ. K. 28, Nj. 56, Grett. 104 A, N. G. L. i. 150, 348. jafn-dægri, n. (mod. jafndægr), the equinox, both dægr (q. v.) being equally long, Edda 103, Rb. 454, 456, 472, and passim: equal length, of day and night, Fb. i. 539; see eykt. jafn-dæmi, n. equal judgment, justice, Fms. vi. 431, Pr. 413. jafn-dæmr, adj. just, giving equal judgment, Rb. 364. jafn-einfaldr, adj. as simple, guileless, Hom. 50. jafn-fagr, adj. as fair, Nj. 112. jafn-fallegr, adj. as handsome. jafn-fastr, adj. equally firm, Grág. i. 7, K. Þ. K. 166: as adv., Fms. x. 270, Finnb. 338. jafn-fáir, adj. as few. jafn-feigr, adj. as fey. jafn-feitr, adj. as fat. jafn-fimlega, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as alert, Fms. ii. 273. jafn-fimr, adj. as alert, Fær. 272, Hkr. i. 291, v. l. jafn-fjær, adv. as far. jafn-fjölmennr, adj. with as many men, Nj. 222. jafn-flatt, n. adj.; fara j., to fare so ill, Fms. vi. 379; see flatr. jafn-fljótr, adj. as swift. jafn-fram, adv. equally forward, side by side: with dat., jafnfram skipi Rúts, Nj. 8: locally, of places, over against, (= gegnt and gagn-vart, q. v.); with dat., er hann kom jafnfram Borgund, Hkr. ii. 309; j. Eiðsvelli, Vermá, Fms. ix. 408; j. gagntaki konungs sonar, j. boðanum, vii. 170, ix. 387 (v. l.): as adv., standa jafnfram, to stand evenly, in a straight line; standa allir j. fyrir konungs borðinu, i. 16, Eg. 581, Nj. 140, Rb. 466, Sturl. iii. 244: temp. at the same moment, of two things happening together, Fms. vi. 24; þeir riðu til þings jafnfram Skeggja, Þórð. 18 new Ed.; hann ferr ávalt jafnfram í frásogn æfi Guðs-sonar, follows parallel in the story, 625. 83: in equal share, taka arf j., Gþl. 248; at the same time, also, hugsa þat j., at the same time consider, Stj. 156; jafnfram sem, jafnfram ok, as soon as, Karl. 158, Pr. 413. jafn-framarla, -framar, -liga, adv. as forward, as far, just as well, Ld. 254, Bs. i. 778. jafn-frammi, adv. = jafnframt, Sks. 364, Sturl. i. 32: temp., Fms. iii. 218. jafn-framt, adv. = jafnfram, Háv. 42: temp., Sturl. i. 1: along with, with dat., Pass. viii. 9: equally, in the same degree, Ld. 62. jafn-fríðr, adj. as fair, Fms. i. 8: as valuable, K. Þ. K. 172. jafn-frjáls, adj. equally free, Fas. iii. 8. jafn-frjálsliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as freely, as liberally, Hkr. i. 78. jafn-fróðr, adj. as wise, as knowing, Sks. 544. jafn-frægr, adj. as famous, Fas. i. 277. jafn-frækn, adj. equally gallant, Edda. jafn-fullr, adj. as full, Grág. i. 20, 68, Gþl. 477. jafn-fúinn, adj. equally rotten, jafn-fúss, adj. equally willing, Sturl. i. 190. jafn-færr, adj. as able, Nj. 97. jafn-fætis, adv. on equal footing; standa j. e-m, Sturl. ii. 134, Hkr. ii. 153. jafn-gamall, adj. of the same age, Ld. 108, Fms. i. 60, xi. 96. jafn-geði, n. evenness of temper, Sks. 435. jafn-gefinn, part. equally given to, Fas. i. 268. jafn-gegnt, adv. just opposite to, Sks. 63, Fms. ix. 463; see gegnt. jafn-girnd, f. and jafn-girni, f. fairness, equity, Sks. 273, 639, Hom. 17. jafn-gjarn, adj. as eager, Hom. 19: as equitable, Sks. 355, Hom. 135, Karl. 495. jafn-gjarna (- gjarnliga), adv. as willingly, as readily, Fms. iii. 45 (v. l.), ix. 508, Stj. jafn-glaðr, adj. as glad, as cheerful, Eb. 88: neut., mér er ekki jafnglatt sem áðr, Fas. i. 106. jafn-glöggt, n. adj. as clearly, Bs. i. 352. jafn-góðr, adj. equally good, as good, Nj. 18, Eg. 54, Gþl. 233, N. G. L. i. 347, Dipl. v. 16: unhurt, none the worse, see (II) above. jafn-góðviljaðr, adj. with equally good will, Stj. 629. jafn-grannr, adj. equally thin. jafn-grimmliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as fiercely, Th. jafn-grimmr, adj. as fierce, Sks. 79. jafn-grunnr, adj. as shallow. jafn-gæfr, adj. as meek, Rb. 397. jafn-göfigr, adj. as good, as famous, Sturl. iii. 11, Bs. i. 133. jafn-görla, adv. as clearly, Grág. i. 299, Fms. ii. 171, Fas. i. 271. jafn-hafðr, part. equally used, N. G. L. i. 249. jafn-hagliga, adv. as skilfully, Krók. 53. jafn-hagr, adj. as skilful in handiwork, Nj. 147. jafn-harðr, adj. as hard, as severe, Nj. 79: neut. jafn-hart, as fast, Fas. iii. 488: jafn-harðan, adv. instantly. jafn-harðsnúinn, part. as hard-twisted, as tight, Nj. 79. jafn-hár, adj. as high, as tall, as loud, Rb. 112, 474, Fas. ii. 79: of metre, see hár (I. 3), Fms. vi. 386, Skálda 182, 190: neut., Stj. 79. jafnhátta-góðr, adj. as well-mannered, Ld. 174. jafn-heilagr, adj. as holy, as inviolable, Sks. 674, Grág. i. 90. jafn-heill, adj. as hale, as whole, Eg. 425, v. l. jafn-heimoll, adj. equally open to use, Eg. 47, Ld. 70, Gþl. 214, 353: equally bound, 57. jafn-heimskr, adj. equally stupid, Fms. ii. 156, Sd. 178. jafn-heitr, adj. as hot, Sks. 540. jafn-hentr, adj. as well fitted, Sturl. i. 196. jafn-hlær, adj. equally snug, Rb. 440. jafn-hollr, adj. equally sincere, Orkn. 166. jafn-hógværliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as meekly, Krók. 36. jafn-hógværr, adj. as gentle. jafn-hraustr, adj. as valiant, Fms. ii. 356, Krók. 51. jafn-hryggr, adj. as distressed, Hkr. iii. 269. jafn-hugaðr, adj. even-tempered, Sks. 24: of one mind, 300: as daring. jafn-hvass, adj. as sharp, Ld. 306: blowing as hard. jafn-hvatr, adj. as bold, as quick, Sturl. i. 112, v. l. jafn-hvítr, adj. equally white. jafn-hæðiligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), as ridiculous, Fas. iii. 91. jafn-hægr, adj. equally easy, ready, meek, Fms. ii. 106, Fær. 69, Grág. i. 264, ii. 257. jafn-hættr, adj. as dangerous, Sks. 540. jafn-höfigr, adj. as heavy, Rb. 102, Edda 38. jafn-ílla, adv. as badly, Fms. viii. 140 (v. l.), Ísl. ii. 181. jafn-ílliligr, adj. (-liga, adv.) as ill-looking, Fas. ii. 207. jafn-íllr, adj. equally bad, Grág. ii. 145, Fas. ii. 513. jafn-kaldr, adj. as cold, Sks. 215. jafn-keypi, n. an equal bargain, Fs. 25. jafn-kominn, part. on even terms, Sks. 455: neut. an even match, jafnkomit er á með ykkr, ye are well-matched, Nj. 59; hann kvað jafnkomit með þeim fyrir aldrs sakir, Fms. iii. 76; jafnkomnir til erfðar, with equal title to, Grág. i. 304; jafnkomnir til fyrir ættar sakir, Fms. i. 220; jafnkomnir at frændsemi, Ísl. ii. 315. jafn-kosta, adj. well-matched, good enough, of wedlock, Stj. 204. jafn-kostgæfinn, adj. equally painstaking, Bs. i. 681. jafn-krappr, adj. as straight, narrow; í jafnkrappan stað, in such a strait, Ld. 168. jafn-kringr, adj. equally dexterous, Sks. 381. jafn-kristinn, adj. a fellow Christian, Jb. 92, Barl. 44. jafn-kunnigr, adj. as well known, Grett. 162 A: knowing as well. jafn-kunnr, adj. as well known, Hom. 90. jafn-kurteis, adj. as courteous, Sturl. i. 165. jafn-kyrr, adj. as quiet. jafn-kýta, t, with dat. = jafnyrða. jafn-kænn, adj. as ‘cunning,’ as well versed, Stj. 561. jafn-kærr, adj. as dear, as beloved, Fms. i. 215, xi. 319. jafn-langr, adj. as long, equally long, Fms. xi. 376, Gþl. 350, 355, Ísl. ii. 219, Grág. i. 406, Edda 138 ( of the same length): neut., en ef þær segja jafnlangt, if they say both the same, Grág. i. 7. jafn-lágr, adj. equally low. jafn-leiðr, adj. equally loathed, Fms. viii. 240. jafn-leiki, n. = jafnleikit. jafn-leikit, n. part. an equal game, Fms. xi. 131. jafn-lendi, n. a level, even piece of ground, Eg. 584. jafn-lengd, f. ‘even-length,’ the return to the same time in the next day, week, month, year, etc.: of a day, til jafnlengdar annars dags, Grág. ii. 16, Stj. 49; þann sama dag tók Gormr konungr sótt, ok andaðisk annan dag at jafnlengdinni, Fms. i. 119, Fas. ii. 30, 37: of a year, anniversary, skal eigi brullaup vera fyrr en at jafnlengd, Grág. i. 311; tíu aurar sé leigðir eyri til jafnlengdar (a year’s rent), 390; at jafnlengd it síðasta, 487; eigi síðarr en fyrir jafnlengd, Fms. xi. 397; halda hátíð at jafnlengdum, Greg. 13, Hom. 98; jafnlengdar-dagr, 129, Fms. v. 214, Dipl. v. 8; jafnlengdar hátíð, an anniversary, Greg. 13. jafn-lengi, adv. as long, Grág. i. 423, Fms. iii. 9, MS. 732. 7. jafn-léttmæltr, adj. equally easy, just as pleasant in one’s speech, Fms. vii. 227. jafn-léttr, adj. as light, as easy, Sturl. iii. 90: neut. (adverb.), Kjartani var ekki annat jafn-létthjalat, K. liked not to speak of anything so much, Ld. 214. jafn-léttvígr, adj. as ready in wielding arms, Sturl. iii. 90. jafn-liða, adj. with an equal number of men, Eb. 144. jafn-liga, adv. equally, fairly; sýnisk mér eigi j. á komit, Bs. i. 531, Vm. 169; skipta j., Fb. ii. 300: perpetually, all along, always, usually, Fms. i. 191, x. 88, 89, Dipl. v. 8, Rb. 348, 472, Stj. 77. jafn-ligr, adj. equal, fair, Hkr. ii. 149, Háv. 57, Eg. 488; er þat miklu jafnligra, a more equal match, Fms. vii. 115. jafn-líkligr, adj. as likely, Sturl. iii. 7, Lv. 77. jafn-líkr, adj. as like, Lv. 58, Fas. ii. 478: equal, alike, j. sem hornspónar efni, Bs. i. 59. jafn-lítill, adj. as little, Fas. iii. 487. jafn-ljóss, adj. as bright, Bret. 62. jafn-ljótr, adj. as ugly, Fms. iv. 175. jafn-ljúfr, adj. as willing. jafn-lygn, adj. as ‘loun,’ as calm, of the wind. jafn-lyndi, n., fem. in Mar. 848; evenness of temper, Stj., Fagrsk. 132, Bs. i. 141, Mar. passim. jafn-lyndr, adj. even-tempered, Fms. vi. 287, viii. 447 (v. l.) jafn-lýðskyldr, adj. equally bound, as liegemen, Sks. 270. jafn-lærðr, adj. as learned. jafn-magr, adj. equally meagre. jafn-maki, a, m. an equal, a match, Sks. 22, 255. jafn-mannvænn, adj. equally promising, Þorf. Karl. 382. jafn-margr, adj. as many, Nj. 104, Grág. ii. 210, 403, Fms. i. 152, ii. 34. jafn-máttugr, adj. as mighty, Fms. ii. 157, Eluc. 6. jafn-máttuligr, adj. equally possible, 655 xxii. B. jafn-menni, n. an equal, a match, Ld. 132, Ísl. ii. 358, Fms. vi. 345, vii. 103. jafn-menntr, adj. of equal rank, Hrafn. 10. jafn-merkiligr, adj. equally dignified, Bs. i. 148. jafn-mikill, adj. as great, Grág. ii. 264, 403, Fms. i. 1, Gþl. 363: equally big, tall, Fms. x. 202, Nj. 11: neut. as much, Fms. vii. 240, Skálda 168. jafn-mildr, adj. as mild, as gracious, Rb. 366. jafn-minnigr, adj. having as good a memory, Bs. i. 681. jafn-mjúkliga, adv. as meekly, as gently, Lv. 50. jafn-mjúkr, adj. equally soft. jafn-mjök, adv. as much, as strongly, Grág. ii. 140, Skálda 168. jafn-myrkr, adj. equally dark, Skálda 209. jafn-mæli, n. fair play, equality, Fb. i. 407, Fms. vi. 206, Grág. i. 88, 200, Ld. 258, H. E. i. 247, Karl. 99. jafn-naumr, adj. as close. jafn-náinn, adj.; j. at frændsemi, equally near akin, Grág. i. 171, ii. 67, Eb. 124, Ísl. ii. 315, (jafnan, Ed.) jafn-nær, mod. jafn-nærri, adv. equally near: loc., er Ólafs mark j. báðum, Fms. vii. 64, 268, Sks. 63, 216: as near, at honum væri úvarligt at láta jafnmarga heiðna menn vera j. sér, Fms. ii. 34: equally near (by birth), i. 123: metaph., eigi hefir honum jafnnærri gengit újafnaðr þeirra sem mér, Sturl. iii. 238: also jafn-nær, adj. equally nigh, not a whit the better, see (II) above. jafn-nætti, n. the equinox, 673. 54, Stj. 15. jafn-oki, a, m. = jafnmaki, an equal, a match for one, Sks. 22: a play-fellow, Stj. 497, Þiðr. 213. jafn-opt, adv. as often, Nj. 211, Rb. 566, Grág. i. 186. jafn-ótt, adj., neut. as adv., at the same, time, immediately. Pass. 20. 2: one after another, taka e-ð jafnótt og það kemr. jafn-rakkr, adj. as strong, as straight, Ld. 168. jafn-ramr, adj. as mighty, as great a wizard, Vþm. 2. jafn-rangr; adj. as wrong. jafn-ráðinn, part. equally determined, Grett. 149. jafn-reiðr, adj. equally angry, Háv. 52. jafn-rétti, n. an equal right. jafnréttis-maðr, m. a man with equal right, N. G. L. i. 31. jafn-réttr, adj. as right, as lawful, Edda 93, Grág. i. 18: of equal authority, Hkr. iii. 79. jafn-réttvíss, adj. equally just, Sks. 670. jafn-rífligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), as large, Lv. 75. jafn-ríkr, adj. as rich, equally mighty. jafn-rjóðr, adj. as ruddy, Hkr. i. 102. jafn-rúmr, adj. equally large, Bjarn. jafn-ræði, n. an equal match, Fms. ii. 22, Glúm. 350, Nj. 49, Gþl. 215. jafn-röskr, adj. as brisk, as quick, Fms. iii. 225, vi. 96. jafn-saman, adv.; fyrir þessa hugsan alla jafnsaman, all at once, all together, Fms. i. 185, Ld. 326, Ó. H. 46, Stj. 86, 121, Barl. 191. jafn-sannr, adj. equally true, 671. 1, Edda 19, Stj. 471. jafn-sárr, adj. as sore, as smarting, Mar. jafn-seinn, adj. as slow. jafn-sekr, adj. just as guilty, Grág. ii. 64, 89. jafn-síðis, adv. along with. jafn-síðr, adj. as long, of a garment (síðr), Stj. 563. jafn-sjúkr, adj. as sick, Fms. v. 324. jafn-skammr, adj. as short, Al. 129. jafn-skarpliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as briskly, Nj. 199, v. l. jafn-skarpr, adj. as sharp, as keen. jafn-skipti, n. equal, fair dealing. jafn-skiptiliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), equally, mutually, Stj. 159. jafn-skiptr, part. equally shared. jafn-skjótr, adj. as swift, Fms. vii. 169, Rb. 454:—jafn-skjótt, neut. as adv. immediately, at once, Eg. 87, 291, 492, Fms. ii. 10; jafnskjótt sem, as soon as, Nj. 5, Barl. 176, Karl. 409, 441. jafn-skygn, adj. as clear-sighted, 655 xiii. A, Bjarn. 59. jafn-skyldliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as dutifully, Ver. 3. jafn-skyldr, adj. equally bound or obliged, Grág. ii. 362, 403, Gþl. 70, 477, Fms. vii. 274. jafn-sköruliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), equally bold, Nj. 199. jafn-slétta, u, f. even, level ground. jafn-sléttr, adj. equally level, Stj. 79: as easily, Fas. ii. 48. jafn-slægr, adj. as cunning, Fær. 99. jafn-snarpr, adj. (-snarpligr, adj., -liga, adv.), as sharp, Fms. vi. 156. jafn-snarr, adj. as alert. jafn-snart, adj., neut. as adv., as soon, instantly, Fas. iii. 434, Matth. xxvii. 48. jafn-snauðr, adj. as poor. jafn-snemma, adv. at the very same moment, of a coincidence, Eg. 425, Nj. 253, Fms. vi. 221; allir j., all at once, ix. 506, xi. 368 ( both together); vóru þessir atburðir margir jafnsnemma, en sumir litlu fyrr eðr síðar, Hkr. ii. 368. jafn-snjallr, adj. equal, Glúm., Bjarn. (in a verse). jafn-spakr, adj. equally wise, Hm. 53. jafn-sparr, adj. as saving, as close, Grág. i. 197, 222. jafn-sterkr, adj. as strong, Fms. i. 43. jafn-stirðr, adj. as stiff. jafn-stórlátr, adj. as proud, Ld. 116. jafn-stórliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as proudly, Ölk. 34. jafn-stórr, adj. as big, as great. jafn-stórættaðr, adj. of equally high birth, Fms. iv. 26. jafn-stríðr, adj. as hard, severe, Sks. 639. jafn-stuttr, adj. equally short, brief. jafn-syndligr, adj. as sinful, Sks. 674. jafn-sætr, adj. as sweet, Fb. i. 539. jafn-sætti, n. an agreement on equal terms, Nj. 21, Sturl. iii 253, Fb. i. 126. jafn-tamr, adj. equally alert. jafn-tefli, n. an equal, drawn game, Vígl. 32. jafn-tengdr, part. in equal degrees of affinity, Grág. ii. 183. jafn-tíðhjalat, n. part. as much talked about, Nj. 100. jafn-tíðrætt, n. adj. = jafntíðhjalat, Nj. 100. jafn-tíguliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), equally lordly, Fms. x. 109. jafn-títt, n. adj. as often, as frequent, Niðrst. 10. jafn-torogætr, adj. as rarely to be got, choice, Bs. i. 143. jafn-torsótligr, adj. as hard to get at, Fms. x. 358. jafn-trauðr, adj. as unwilling. jafn-traustr, adj. as much to be trusted, Fms. vi. 244. jafn-trúr, jafn-tryggr, adj. as faithful. jafn-undarligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), as strange, Sks. 80. jafn-ungr, adj. as young, Fms. iii. 60, iv. 383. jafn-úbeint, n. adj. as far from the mark, of a bad shot, Fms. viii. 140. jafn-úfærr, adj. as unpassable, Sturl. iii. 163. jafn-úhefnisamr, adj. as tame, Rb. 366. jafn-úráðinn, part. as irresolute, Grett. 153. jafn-úspakr, adj. as unruly, Sturl. ii. 63. jafn-útlagr, adj. having to lay out the same fine, N. G. L. i. 158. jafn-vandhæfr, adj. as dangerous to keep, treat, Grág. i. 89. jafn-vandliga, adv. as carefully, Grág. ii. 249. jafn-varliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as warily, Fms. vii. 127. jafn-varmr, adj. as warm, Sks. 217. jafn-varr, adj. as well aware, as much on one’s guard, Dropl. 28. jafn-vaskliga, adv. as gallantly, Fms. vii. 127, Ld. 272. jafn-vaskligr, adj. as gallant. jafn-vaskr, adj. as bold, Str. 3. jafn-vátr, adj. equally wet. jafn-veginn, part. of full weight, Stj. 216. jafn-vegit, n. a law phrase, used when an equal number has been slain on both sides, in which case there were no further proceedings, Glúm. 383, Fas. ii. 208. jafn-vel, adv. as well, equally well, Nj. 48, Eg. 111, Gþl. 354: likewise, hafa fyrirgört fé ok friði ok jafnvel óðals-jörðum sínum, 142; en þenna eið skulu jafnvel biskupar ábyrgjask við Guð …, jafnvel sem ( as well as) hinir úlærðu, 57; jafnvel af sænum sem af landinu, Al. 2; ok jamvel sendir jarl þeim mönnum orð, sem …, Fms. xi. 120: even, dögföll um nætr jafnvel at heiðskírum veðrum, Stj. 17; jafnvel eptir þat er þau misgörðu, 40; jafnvel sýniliga, j. oss önduðum, 9, Bs. i. 549, Barl. 170, 176, Gísl. 83; this last sense is very freq. in mod. usage. jafn-velviljaðr, part. as well wishing, Sks. 312. jafn-vesall, adj. as wretched, Krók. 54. jafn-virði, n. equal wirth, Bs. i. 9, Al. 48. jafn-vægi, n. equal weight, equilibrium, Hkr. ii. 250, Fas. i. 121; bóandi ok húsfreyja j. sitt, i. e. both of them equally, N. G. L. i. 6. jafn-vægja, ð, to weigh the same as another, Fms. iii. 120. jafn-vægr, adj. of equal weight, Sks. 644. jafn-vænn, adj. equally fine, handsome, promising, Fms. x. 429, Sturl. iii. 67. jafn-vætta, t, to weigh against, counterbalance, Stj. 13, Þorst. Síðu H. 14. jafn-yrða, ð, with dat. to altercate, bandy words, Sturl. iii. 213. jafn-þarfr, adj. as useful, Arnor. jafn-þéttr, adj. pressed as closely together. jafn-þjófgefinn, adj. as thievish. jafn-þolinmóðr, adj. as patient, Rb. 366. jafn-þolinn, adj. as enduring. jafn-þreyttr, part. as weary. jafn-þrifinn, adj. as cleanly. jafn-þröngr, adj. as tight. jafn-þungr, adj. as heavy, pressing, Fms. v. 264, Stj. 278. jafn-þurr, adj. equally dry. jafn-þykkr, adj. as thick, Hkr. iii. 159. jafn-þyrstr, part. as thirsty. jafn-æfr, adj. as impetuous. jafn-æstr, part. equally excited, Band. 34 new Ed. jafn-örr, adj. as eager, as liberal. jafn-öruggr, adj. as firm, steadfast.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > JAFN

  • 58 wian|ek

    Ⅰ m 1. (z kwiatów) garland
    - dziewczynka w wianku na głowie a girl with a garland on her head
    - wianek ze stokrotek/z polnych kwiatów a garland of daisies/wild flowers
    - splatać a. wić wianek to plait a garland
    - założyć wianek na głowę to put on a garland
    2. pot. (z przedmiotów) string
    - wianek grzybów/czosnku/obwarzanków a string of mushrooms/garlic/pretzels
    3. przen. circle
    - dom otoczony wiankiem kwiatów a house surrounded by a circle of flowers
    - łysina z wiankiem siwych włosów a bald head with a circle of white hair
    4. przest. (dziewictwo) maidenhood, virginity
    - panieński wianek maidenhood
    - stracić/zachować wianek to lose/to guard one’s virginity
    Ⅱ wianki plt the custom of throwing garlands of flowers into the water on Midsummer Night’s Eve

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wian|ek

  • 59 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 60 граница

    сущ.
    1. border; 2. boundary; 3. frontier
    Русское существительное граница используется для обозначения границы любого типа территориального разделения. Английские соответствия различают типы границ, которые обозначаются разными словами.
    1. border — граница (имеет наиболее общее значение; нередко включает в себя значение существительного boundary; однако обозначает не только разделительную линию, но и прилегающие к ней по обе стороны территории): border towns — пограничные города; on the border — на границе; northern (old, new) borders — северные (старые, новые) границы; а strongly guarded border — хорошо охраняемая граница; a village on the border between two countries — селение на границе между двумя странами; border incidents — пограничные инциденты; border zone — пограничная зона; along the border — вдоль границы; within one's own borders — в пределах собственных границ; to cross the border — пересечь границу/перейти границу; to patrol the borders — нести пограничную службу; to live not far from the border — жить недалеко от границы The border runs along the river. — Граница проходит по реке. We were met at the border. — Нас встретили на границе. Не waited for us on the border. — Он ждал нас на границе. They travelled along a border road. — Они ехали по дороге, идущей вдоль границы./Они ехали вдоль границы. The guards at the border post would not let him in/through. — Пограничники на пограничном посту не пропустили его. His results were on the border line. — Его результаты были едва удовлетворительными.
    2. boundary , boundaries — граница, разделительная межа (используется, когда речь идет о границе между более мелкими территориями внутри страны; предполагает вполне определенные географические пределы, признаваемые и соблюдаемые обеими сторонами; boundaries используется, когда пределы сопряженных территорий определены достаточно точно и могут быть нанесены на карту): the boundary between our farms — граница между нашими фермами; the boundary between these villages — граница между этими деревнями; the boundary between these towns — граница между этими городами; а boundary stone — межевой знак; to draw a boundary — провести границу The boundary between our farms followed the line of the river. — Граница между нашими фермами проходила вдоль реки. Where are the boundaries of his land? — Где граница его земель? Не stopped the car on the boundary of the city/the city boundary. — Он оставил машину на границе города. Не marked the boundaries of the football field with white paint. — Он обозначил границы футбольного поля белой краской. We stayed within the boundaries of the city walls. — Мы оставались в границах старой городской стены. The boundaries of human knowledge. — Границы человеческого знания./Границы знаний человека. They disagreed about the boundaries of political parties. — У них были разные мнения относительно состава политических партий.
    3. frontier — граница, рубеж (используется для обозначения территориального разделения между странами, штатами и другими типами территорий, более крупных, чем в случае boundary; frontier предполагает укрепленную и охраняемую разделительную полосу с действующим паспортным режимом и таможенной службой; frontier может быть укреплена, например, минным полем, проволочным заграждением со стороны одной страны, что не предполагает таких же укреплений со стороны другой страны): a natural frontier — естественный рубеж; long (well-protected) frontiers — длинные (хорошо защищенные) границы; a frontier town — приграничный город; France's Italian frontier — франко-итальянская граница/граница между Францией и Италией; Russia's Polish frontier — русско-польская граница/граница между Россией и Польшей; to cross the frontier — пересечь границу They were shot trying to cross the frontier. — Они были застрелены при попытке пересечь границу./Их застрелили при попытке пересечь границу. Sweden has frontiers with Norway and Finland. — Швеция граничит с Норвегией и Финляндией. A frontier guard stopped them. — Их остановила пограничная охрана./ Их остановили пограничники. The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed further outward as time goes on. — С течением времени расширяются границы познаний в области медицины. The place is close to the frontier between France am Belgium. — Это место недалеко от границы между Францией и Бельгией.

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > граница

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