while+still

(v.) = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up

Ex. It is difficult to overhaul the basic structure of an enumerative scheme without complete revision of sections of the scheme.

Ex. libraries are moving beyond their traditional job as book repository and branching into electronic networks, while still honing their traditional roles as educators and guides.

Ex. These statistics have been used to fine tune the system and improve response time = Se han usado estos resultados estadísticos para ajustar el funcionamiento del sistema y mejorar el tiempo de respuesta.

Ex. The author recommends a system architecture approach to data base security which is more likely to bring simplicity, isolatability and flexibility to overall system solutions than will ad hoc attempts to tune-up individual parts.

* * *

= work in progress

Ex. The new virtual tour, while still a work in progress, is considered to be a success by students, library faculty and staff.

* * *

= work in progress

Ex. The new virtual tour, while still a work in progress, is considered to be a success by students, library faculty and staff.

* * *

1 to transmit, to flash, to relay, to broadcast.

Eso transmite los pedidos That transmits the orders.

El cable transmite la electricidad The wire conducts electricity.

Ellos transmiten la noticia They transmit the news.

2 to transmit, to convey, to relay, to transfer.

Eso transmite los pedidos That transmits the orders.

3 to transmit, to conduct.

El cable transmite la electricidad The wire conducts electricity.

4 to be transmitted to.

Se me transmitió la enfermedad The disease was transmitted to me.

5 to carry, to carry the disease of.

Ese mosquito transmite la peste That mosquito carries the plague.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to transmit

2 RADIO TELEVISIÓN to broadcast

3 (enfermedad) to transmit, pass on

4 DERECHO to transfer, hand down

* * *

1) to transmit, broadcast

2) pass on

* * *

1. VT

1) (Radio, TV) [+ señal, sonido] to transmit; [+ programa] to broadcast

2) [+ bienes, saludos, recados] to pass on

3) [+ enfermedad, gérmenes] to give, pass on

4) (Jur) to transfer (a to)

VI (Radio, TV) to broadcast

transmitirse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (Rad, TV) < señal> to transmit; < programa> to broadcast

2)

a) <sonido/movimiento> to transmit

b) <enfermedad/tara> to transmit, pass on

c) (Der) to transfer

d) <lengua/costumbres> to transmit, pass on; < conocimientos> to pass on

e) <saludos/felicidades> to pass on

* * *

= carry with it, communicate, convey, pass on, relay, transmit, transport, transmit + onward(s), air, beam, propagate, pass down, pass along, hand down.

Ex. On the other hand, adhering to one of the major schemes carries with it all of the disadvantages of that major scheme.

Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex. Statistical and other numerical abstracts convey effectively certain types of economic, social and marketing data.

Ex. If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.

Ex. Others used it as a backup for general notices that could not easily be relayed by telephone.

Ex. The system permits the requester to specify up to five potential lending libraries, and the system transmits the requests to these libraries one at a time.

Ex. And it takes little imagination to conceive of future combinations and developments to existing systems, not to speak of new and even more sophisticated means of storing, retrieving and transporting information.

Ex. It should eventually also be possible for the user to automatically transmit his/her request onwards whenever necessary to other libraries and information centres, or even to publishers or booksellers.

Ex. Because TV had very few channels the value of TV was very high so only things of very broad interest could be aired on those few channels.

Ex. Now, instructors can beam what they write on their whiteboards directly to students' laptops, in effect turning each laptop screen into a portable, interactive slateboard.

Ex. The update, once started, propagates through the database, respecting local integrity rules for each affected object.

Ex. The knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation by sentient beings on this planet for aeons and aeons is quite impossible to fully comprehend.

Ex. If the head of reference services does not pass along the information to the staff the reference librarians, by being uninformed, will undoubtedly not make as good an impression on the important city managers.

Ex. A hunting guide while still in his teens, he learned his woodcraft first hand, absorbing lore handed down to him from his father.

----

* facilidad de transmitir = communicability.

* que transmite información = information-bearing.

* transmitir Algo a Alguien = mediate + Nombre + to.

* transmitir de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.

* transmitir información = convey + information.

* transmitir ininterrumpidamente = stream.

* transmitir por radio = radio.

* transmitir una señal = transmit + signal.

* transmitir un mensaje = convey + message.

* transmitir un significado = convey + meaning.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (Rad, TV) < señal> to transmit; < programa> to broadcast

2)

a) <sonido/movimiento> to transmit

b) <enfermedad/tara> to transmit, pass on

c) (Der) to transfer

d) <lengua/costumbres> to transmit, pass on; < conocimientos> to pass on

e) <saludos/felicidades> to pass on

* * *

* * *

transmitir [I1 ]

A ( Rad, TV) ‹señal› to transmit; ‹programa› to broadcast

1 ‹sonido/movimiento› to transmit

2 ‹enfermedad/tara› to transmit, pass on

3 ( Der) to transfer

4 ‹lengua/costumbres› to transmit, pass on; ‹conocimientos› to pass on

5 ‹saludos/felicidades› to pass on

( Rad, TV) to transmit

transmitimos en 909 kilohercios para todo el país we broadcast to the whole country on 909 kilohertz

* * *

a) ‹sonido/movimiento› to transmit

b) ‹enfermedad/lengua/costumbres› to transmit, pass on;

c) ‹saludos/felicidades› to pass on

* * *

transmitir, trasmitir

♦ vt

1. [sonido, onda, movimiento] to transmit;

neuronas que transmiten mensajes sensoriales neurons that transmit sensory data

2. [por radio, ordenador] [señal, datos] to transmit, to send

3. [programa] to broadcast;

transmitir un programa en directo to broadcast a programme live

4. [mensaje, noticias, saludos] to pass on, to convey;

ésas fueron las palabras que le transmitió su hermano those were the words her brother conveyed to her

5. [enfermedad, bacteria, virus] to transmit;

6. [derechos, poderes] to transfer

♦ See also the pronominal verb transmitirse, trasmitirse

* * *

1 enfermedad spread, transmit; noticia spread;

transmitir por herencia pass on in one’s genes

2 RAD, TV broadcast; señal transmit

* * *

transmitir vt

1) : to transmit, to broadcast

2) : to pass on, to transfer

transmitir vi

: to transmit, to broadcast

* * *

transmitir vb

1. (emitir) to broadcast [pt. & pp. broadcast]

2. (contagiar) to transmit [pt. & pp. transmitted]

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

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Cowper was apprenticed in 1834 to John Braithwaite of London and in 1846 obtained employment at the engineers Fox \& Henderson in Birmingham. In 1851 he was engaged in the contract drawings for the Crystal Palace housing the Great Exhibition, and in the same year he set up in London as a consulting engineer. Cowper designed the 211 ft (64.3 m) span roof of Birmingham railway station, the first large-span station roof to be constructed. Cowper had an inventive turn of mind. While still an apprentice, he devised the well-known railway fog-signal and, at Fox \& Henderson, he invented an improved method of casting railway chairs. Other inventions included a compound steam-engine with receiver, patented in 1857; a bicycle wheel with steel spokes and rubber tyre (1868); and an electric writing telegraph (1879). Cowper's most important invention by far was the hot-blast stove, the first application of C.W. Siemens's regenerative principle to ironmaking, patented in 1857. Waste gases from the blast furnace were burnt in an iron chamber lined with a honeycomb of firebricks. When they were hot, the gas was directed to a second similar chamber while the incoming air blast for the blast furnace was heated by passing it through the first chamber. The stoves alternatively received and gave up heat and the heated blast, introduced by J.B. Neilson, led to considerable fuel economies in blast-furnace operation; the system is still in use. Cowper played an active part in the engineering institutions of his time, becoming President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1880–1. He was commissioned by the Science and Art Department to catalogue the collections of machinery and inventions at the South Kensington Museum, whose science collections now form the Science Museum, London.

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SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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Galileo began studying medicine at the University of Pisa but soon turned to his real interests, mathematics, mechanics and astronomy. He became Professor of Mathematics at Pisa at the age of 25 and three years later moved to Padua. In 1610 he transferred to Florence. While still a student he discovered the isochronous property of the pendulum, probably by timing with his pulse the swings of a hanging lamp during a religious ceremony in Pisa Cathedral. He later designed a pendulum-controlled clock, but it was not constructed until after his death, and then not successfully; the first successful pendulum clock was made by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in 1656. Around 1590 Galileo established the laws of motion of falling bodies, by timing rolling balls down inclined planes and not, as was once widely believed, by dropping different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. These and other observations received definitive treatment in his Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti alla, meccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…) which was completed in 1634 and first printed in 1638. This work also included Galileo's proof that the path of a projectile was a parabola and, most importantly, the development of the concept of inertia.

In astronomy Galileo adopted the Copernican heliocentric theory of the universe while still in his twenties, but he lacked the evidence to promote it publicly. That evidence came with the invention of the telescope by the Dutch brothers Lippershey. Galileo heard of its invention in 1609 and had his own instrument constructed, with a convex object lens and concave eyepiece, a form which came to be known as the Galilean telescope. Galileo was the first to exploit the telescope successfully with a series of striking astronomical discoveries. He was also the first to publish the results of observations with the telescope, in his Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger) of 1610. All the discoveries told against the traditional view of the universe inherited from the ancient Greeks, and one in particular, that of the four satellites in orbit around Jupiter, supported the Copernican theory in that it showed that there could be another centre of motion in the universe besides the Earth: if Jupiter, why not the Sun? Galileo now felt confident enough to advocate the theory, but the advance of new ideas was opposed, not for the first or last time, by established opinion, personified in Galileo's time by the ecclesiastical authorities in Rome. Eventually he was forced to renounce the Copernican theory, at least in public, and turn to less contentious subjects such as the "two new sciences" of his last and most important work.

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1) (in the Saṃhitā alsoﾠ evā́) ind. (i Uṇ. I, 152 ;

2) mfn. (i), going, moving, speedy, quick TBr. III Uṇ. ;

v. sväva, flyga; driva omkring

* * *

1) ((of a bird, insect etc) to remain in the air without moving in any direction.) sväva, stå still i luften

2) (to move around while still remaining near a person etc: I wish she'd stop hovering round me and go away.) kretsa omkring, slå sina lovar omkring

3) ((with between) to be undecided: She hovered between leaving and staying.) pendla mellan

•

- hovercraft

ĕtĭam-tum and (more rarely) ĕtĭam-tunc, conj., even then, till that time, till then, still.

With imperf. tense (so usually): omnes etiamtum retinebant illum Pericli sucum;

sed erant paulo uberiore filo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22 fin.:

etiamtum vita hominum sine cupiditate agitabatur,

Sall. C. 2, 1; id. J. 63, 6:

manebant etiamtum vestigia monentis libertatis,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

nam etiamtum Agricola Britanniam obtinebat,

id. Agr. 39; Suet. Tib. 42; so with cum, while... still:

cum isti etiamtum de Sthenio in integro tota res esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 39 fin.;

cum etiamtum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 34; Sall. J. 51, 2.—

The imperf. is sometimes represented by,

A part. or adj.:

trepida etiamtum civitate,

Sall. J. 40, 4; cf. id. ib. 21, 2; Tac. A. 1, 49:

quam defunctam praetextatus etiamtunc pro rostris laudavit,

Suet. Calig. 10:

cum viderem, ne vobis quidem omnibus re etiamtum probata, si, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 4.—

By the praes. histor.:

narrat, ut virgo ab se integra etiamtum siet,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 70.—

By the pluperf.:

neque is deductus etiamtum ad eam (erat),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 22. —

With other tenses (very rare):

illi qui etiamtum, cum misereri mei debent, non desinunt invidere,

Cic. Att. 4, 5, 1; cf. App. M. 3, p. 134, 1. Vid. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 596-600.

ĕtĭam-tum and (more rarely) ĕtĭam-tunc, conj., even then, till that time, till then, still.

With imperf. tense (so usually): omnes etiamtum retinebant illum Pericli sucum;

sed erant paulo uberiore filo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22 fin.:

etiamtum vita hominum sine cupiditate agitabatur,

Sall. C. 2, 1; id. J. 63, 6:

manebant etiamtum vestigia monentis libertatis,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

nam etiamtum Agricola Britanniam obtinebat,

id. Agr. 39; Suet. Tib. 42; so with cum, while... still:

cum isti etiamtum de Sthenio in integro tota res esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 39 fin.;

cum etiamtum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 34; Sall. J. 51, 2.—

The imperf. is sometimes represented by,

A part. or adj.:

trepida etiamtum civitate,

Sall. J. 40, 4; cf. id. ib. 21, 2; Tac. A. 1, 49:

quam defunctam praetextatus etiamtunc pro rostris laudavit,

Suet. Calig. 10:

cum viderem, ne vobis quidem omnibus re etiamtum probata, si, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 4.—

By the praes. histor.:

narrat, ut virgo ab se integra etiamtum siet,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 70.—

By the pluperf.:

neque is deductus etiamtum ad eam (erat),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 22. —

With other tenses (very rare):

illi qui etiamtum, cum misereri mei debent, non desinunt invidere,

Cic. Att. 4, 5, 1; cf. App. M. 3, p. 134, 1. Vid. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 596-600.

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

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Paul Héroult, the son of a tanner, at the age of 16, while still at school in Caen, read Deville's book on aluminium and became obsessed with the idea of developing a cheap way of producing this metal. After his family moved to Gentillysur-Bièvre he studied at the Ecole Sainte-Barbe in Paris and then returned to Caen to work in the laboratory of his father's tannery. His first patent, filed in February and granted on 23 April 1886, described an invention almost identical to that of C.M. Hall: "the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite into which the current is introduced through suitable electrodes. The cryolite is not consumed." Early in 1887 Héroult attempted to obtain the support of Alfred Rangod Pechiney, the proprietor of the works at Salindres where Deville's process for making sodium-reduced aluminium was still being operated. Pechiney persuaded Héroult to modify his electrolytic process by using a cathode of molten copper, thus making it possible produce aluminium bronze rather than pure aluminium. Héroult then approached the Swiss firm J.G.Nehe Söhne, ironmasters, whose works at the Falls of Schaffhausen obtained power from the Rhine. They were looking for a new metallurgical process requiring large quantities of cheap hydroelectric power and Héroult's process seemed suitable. In 1887 they established the Société Metallurgique Suisse to test Héroult's process. Héroult became Technical Director and went to the USA to defend his patents against those of Hall. During his absence the Schaffhausen trials were successfully completed, and on 18 November 1888 the Société Metallurgique combined with the German AEG group, Oerlikon and Escher Wyss, to establish the Aluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen. In the early electrolytic baths it was occasionally found that arcs between the bath surface and electrode could develop if the electrodes were inadvertently raised. From this observation, Héroult and M.Killiani developed the electric arc furnace. In this, arcs were intentionally formed between the surface of the charge and several electrodes, each connected to a different pole of the AC supply. This furnace, the prototype of the modern electric steel furnace, was first used for the direct reduction of iron ore at La Praz in 1903. This work was undertaken for the Canadian Government, for whom Héroult subsequently designed a 5,000-amp single-phase furnace which was installed and tested at Sault-Sainte-Marie in Ontario and successfully used for smelting magnetite ore.

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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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Herreshoff, or, as he was known, Captain Nat, was seventh in a family of nine, four of whom became blind in childhood. Association with such problems may have sharpened his appreciation of shape and form; indeed, he made a lengthy European small-boat trip with a blind brother. While working on yacht designs, he used three-dimensional models in conjunction with the sheer draught on the drawing-board. With many of the family being boatbuilders, he started designing at the age of 16 and then decided to make this his career. As naval architecture was not then a graduating subject, he studied mechanical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. While still studying, c.1867, he broke new ground by preparing direct reading time handicapping tables for yachts up to 110 ft (33.5 m) long. After working with the Corliss Company, he set up the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company, in partnership with J.B.Herreshoff, as shipbuilders and engineers. Over the years their output included steam machinery, fishing vessels, pleasure craft and racing yachts. They built the first torpedo boat for the US Navy and another for the Royal Navy, the only such acquisition in the late nineteenth century. Herreshoff designed six of the world's greatest yachts, of the America's Cup, between 1890 and 1920. His accomplishments included new types of lightweight wood fasteners, new systems of framing, hollow spars and better methods of cutting sails. He continued to work full-time until 1935 and his work was internationally acclaimed. He maintained cordial relations with his British rivals Fife, Nicholson and G.L. Watson, and enjoyed friendship with his compatriot Edward Burgess. Few will ever match Herreshoff as an all-round engineer and designer.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology

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Kilby spent most of his childhood in Great Bend, Kansas, where he often accompanied his father, an electrical power engineer, on his maintenance rounds. Working in the blizzard of 1937, his father borrowed a "ham" radio, and this fired Jack to study for his amateur licence (W9GTY) and to construct his own equipment while still a student at Great Bend High School. In 1941 he entered the University of Illinois, but four months later, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was enlisted in the US Army and found himself working in a radio repair workshop in India. When the war ended he returned to his studies, obtaining his BSEE from Illinois in 1947 and his MSEE from the University of Wisconsin. He then joined Centralab, a small electronics firm in Milwaukee owned by Globe-Union. There he filed twelve patents, including some for reduced titanate capacitors and for Steatite-packing of transistors, and developed a transistorized hearing-aid. During this period he also attended a course on transistors at Bell Laboratories. In May 1958, concerned to gain experience in the field of number processing, he joined Texas Instruments in Dallas. Shortly afterwards, while working alone during the factory vacation, he conceived the idea of making monolithic, or integrated, circuits by diffusing impurities into a silicon substrate to create P-N junctions. Within less than a month he had produced a complete oscillator on a chip to prove that the technology was feasible, and the following year at the 1ERE Show he demonstrated a germanium integrated-circuit flip-flop. Initially he was granted a patent for the idea, but eventually, after protracted litigation, priority was awarded to Robert Noyce of Fairchild. In 1965 he was commissioned by Patrick Haggerty, the Chief Executive of Texas Instruments, to make a pocket calculator based on integrated circuits, and on 14 April 1971 the world's first such device, the Pocketronic, was launched onto the market. Costing $150 (and weighing some 2½ lb or 1.1 kg), it was an instant success and in 1972 some 5 million calculators were sold worldwide. He left Texas Instruments in November 1970 to become an independent consultant and inventor, working on, amongst other things, methods of deriving electricity from sunlight.

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•

Whilst (or While) still warm the work is painted with the primer.

•

The conditions for the formation of this centre are as yet unknown.

1) Общая лексика: Pre-Arrival Processing System (The Pre-Arrival Processing System (PAPS) is a U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection border cargo release mechanism that utilizes barcode technology to expedite the release of commercial shipments while still)

2) Медицина: phosphoadenosine phosphosulphonate

3) Военный термин: Periodic Armaments Planning System, procurement and production status system

4) Техника: 3'-phosphoadenosine-5' phosphosulfate

5) Сокращение: Periodic Armaments Planning System (NATO), Phased Armaments Programme Systems

6) Биохимия: Periodic Acid Phenylhydrazine Schiff

1) Общая лексика: Pre-Arrival Processing System (The Pre-Arrival Processing System (PAPS) is a U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection border cargo release mechanism that utilizes barcode technology to expedite the release of commercial shipments while still)

2) Медицина: phosphoadenosine phosphosulphonate

3) Военный термин: Periodic Armaments Planning System, procurement and production status system

4) Техника: 3'-phosphoadenosine-5' phosphosulfate

5) Сокращение: Periodic Armaments Planning System (NATO), Phased Armaments Programme Systems

6) Биохимия: Periodic Acid Phenylhydrazine Schiff

1. let it be that way

so be it.

2. (used to express concession to the inevitability of sth.) that is just how it has to be

that's the way it is

from an extremely early age

from the cradle