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we+are+at+cross-purposes+(with+each+other)

  • 1 cross-purposes

    cross-purposes npl we are at cross-purposes (with each other) ( misunderstanding) il y a un malentendu (entre nous) ; ( disagreement) nous sommes en désaccord ; to talk at cross-purposes se comprendre mal.

    Big English-French dictionary > cross-purposes

  • 2 cross

    1. noun
    1) Kreuz, das; (monument) [Gedenk]kreuz, das; (sign) Kreuzzeichen, das

    the Cross — das Kreuz [Christi]

    2) (cross-shaped thing or mark) Kreuz[zeichen], das
    3) (mixture, compromise) Mittelding, das ( between zwischen + Dat.); Mischung, die ( between aus)
    4) (affliction, cause of trouble) Kreuz, das
    5) (intermixture of breeds) Kreuzung, die
    6) (Footb.) Querpass, der; (Boxing) Cross, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) [über]kreuzen

    cross one's arms/legs — die Arme verschränken/die Beine übereinander schlagen

    cross one's fingers or keep one's fingers crossed [for somebody] — (fig.) [jemandem] die od. den Daumen drücken/halten

    I got a crossed line — (Teleph.) es war jemand in der Leitung

    2) (go across) kreuzen; überqueren [Straße, Gewässer, Gebirge]; durchqueren [Land, Wüste, Zimmer]

    we can cross — abs. die Straße ist frei

    cross somebody's mind — (fig.) jemandem einfallen

    cross somebody's path — (fig.) jemandem über den Weg laufen (ugs.)

    3) (Brit.)
    4) (make sign of cross on)
    5) (cause to interbreed) kreuzen; (cross-fertilize) kreuzbefruchten
    3. intransitive verb
    (meet and pass) aneinander vorbeigehen

    cross [in the post] — [Briefe:] sich kreuzen

    4. adjective
    1) (transverse) Quer-
    2) (coll.): (peevish) verärgert; ärgerlich [Worte]

    be cross with somebody — böse auf jemanden od. mit jemandem sein

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/85872/cross_off">cross off
    * * *
    [kros] I adjective
    (angry: I get very cross when I lose something.) ärgerlich
    II 1. plural - crosses; noun
    1) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.) das Kreuz
    2) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.) das Kreuz
    3) (the symbol of the Christian religion.) das Kreuz
    4) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.) das Leiden
    5) (the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant: This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador.) die Kreuzung
    6) (a monument in the shape of a cross.) das Kreuz
    7) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.) das Kreuz
    2. verb
    1) (to go from one side to the other: Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp.) kreuzen
    2) ((negative uncross) to place( two things) across each other: He sat down and crossed his legs.) kreuzen
    3) (to go or be placed across (each other): The roads cross in the centre of town.) sich kreuzen
    4) (to meet and pass: Our letters must have crossed in the post.) sich kreuzen
    5) (to put a line across: Cross your `t's'.) einen Querstrich ziehen
    6) (to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it.) einen Scheck etc. als Verrechnungsscheck kennzeichnen
    7) (to breed (something) from two different varieties: I've crossed two varieties of rose.) kreuzen
    8) (to go against the wishes of: If you cross me, you'll regret it!) Plan durchkreuzen
    •
    - cross-
    - crossing
    - crossbow
    - cross-breed
    - cross-bred
    - crosscheck     3. noun
    (the act of crosschecking.)
    - cross-country
    - cross-country skiing
    - cross-examine
    - cross-examination
    - cross-eyed
    - cross-fire
    - at cross-purposes
    - cross-refer
    - cross-reference
    - crossroads
    - cross-section
    - crossword puzzle
    - crossword
    - cross one's fingers
    - cross out
    * * *
    [krɒs, AM krɑ:s]
    I. n
    1. (shape) Kreuz nt
    to mark sth with a [red] \cross etw [rot] ankreuzen
    first, mark the place for the drillhole with a \cross markieren Sie bitte zunächst die Stelle für das Bohrloch mit einem Kreuz
    to place [or put] a \cross on/next to sth bei/neben etw dat ein Kreuz machen
    2. REL Kreuz nt
    Christ died on the \cross Christus starb am Kreuz
    to make the sign of the \cross das Kreuzzeichen machen; (oneself also) sich akk bekreuzigen
    3. no pl (burden) Kreuz nt kein pl, Leiden nt
    to bear/take up one's \cross sein Kreuz tragen/auf sich akk nehmen
    we all have our \cross to bear wir haben alle unser Kreuz zu tragen
    4. (medal) Kreuz nt
    5. (hybrid) Kreuzung f ( between zwischen/aus + dat); ( fig: something in between) Mittelding nt ( between zwischen + dat); (person) Mischung f ( between aus + dat)
    6. FBALL Flanke f, Querschuss m; BOXING Cross m fachspr
    the [Southern] \cross das Kreuz des Südens
    8. (bias)
    on the \cross schräg
    II. adj usu pred verärgert
    she is \cross at being given all the boring jobs sie ist verärgert, weil sie immer die langweiligen Arbeiten bekommt
    ▪ to be \cross about sth über etw akk verärgert sein
    ▪ to be \cross with sb auf jdn böse [o sauer] sein fam
    ▪ to be \cross that... verärgert sein, dass...
    ▪ to get \cross with sb sich akk über jdn ärgern
    III. vt
    1.
    ▪ to \cross sth (traverse) country, desert, valley etw durchqueren; equator, lake, mountain, river etw überqueren
    the new bridge \crosses the estuary die neue Brücke geht [o führt] über die Flussmündung
    the railway \crosses a hundred miles of desert die Bahnstrecke führt zweihundert Meilen durch die Wüste
    to \cross the border die Grenze passieren; ( fig) die Grenze überschritten
    to \cross a bridge/the road eine Brücke/die Straße überqueren; (on foot also) über eine Brücke/die Straße gehen
    \cross the line (go out of play) ins Aus gehen; (go into the goal) ins Tor gehen; ( fig) zu weit gehen
    to \cross the room das Zimmer durchqueren
    to \cross the threshold die Schwelle überschreiten
    to \cross the ball [to sb] den Ball [zu jdm] flanken
    ▪ to \cross sth etw [über]kreuzen
    to \cross one's arms die Arme verschränken
    to \cross one's legs die Beine übereinanderschlagen
    4. BRIT, AUS (make a sign)
    to \cross a cheque einen Scheck zur Verrechnung ausstellen
    \crossed cheque Verrechnungsscheck m
    5. REL
    ▪ to \cross oneself sich akk bekreuz[ig]en
    6. ( form: oppose)
    ▪ to \cross sb jdn verärgern
    ▪ to \cross an animal with another animal ein Tier mit einem anderen Tier kreuzen
    to \cross the floor [of the House] die Partei [o Fraktion] wechseln
    the lines are \crossed, we've got a \crossed line da ist jemand in der Leitung
    10.
    ▶ let's \cross that bridge when we come [or get] to it lassen wir die Sache [erst mal] auf uns zukommen
    ▶ to keep [or have] one's fingers \crossed [for sb] [jdm] die Daumen drücken [o fam halten]
    ▶ to \cross sb's hand [or palm] with silver jdm Geld in die Hand drücken fam
    ▶ \cross my heart and hope to die großes Ehrenwort fam, ich schwör's fam
    ▶ their lines [or wires] were \crossed sie haben sich missverstanden
    ▶ to \cross one's mind jdm einfallen
    it suddenly \crossed my mind that... mir fiel plötzlich ein, dass...
    it didn't \cross my mind that/to... es ist mir [gar] nicht in den Sinn gekommen dass/zu...
    ▶ to \cross sb's path jdm über den Weg laufen
    ▶ to \cross paths with sb jdn treffen
    when did you last \cross paths with each other? wann seid ihr euch zuletzt über den Weg gelaufen?
    ▶ to \cross swords with sb mit jmd eine Auseinandersetzung haben, mit jdm die Klinge kreuzen fig geh
    IV. vi
    1. (intersect) sich kreuzen
    2. (traverse a road) die Straße überqueren; (on foot) über die Straße gehen; (travel by ferry) übersetzen; (traverse a border)
    to \cross into a country die Grenze in ein Land passieren
    how did you manage to \cross into the USA? wie bist du über die amerikanische Grenze gekommen?
    our paths have \crossed several times wir sind uns schon mehrmals über den Weg gelaufen
    4. (pass) sich kreuzen
    our letters must have \crossed in the post unsere Briefe müssen sich auf dem Postweg gekreuzt haben
    * * *
    I [krɒs]
    1. n
    1) Kreuz nt

    to make the sign of the Cross —

    to bear/take up one's cross (fig) — sein Kreuz tragen/auf sich (acc) nehmen

    2)

    (= bias) on the cross —

    3) (= hybrid) Kreuzung f; (fig) Mittelding nt
    4) (FTBL) Flanke f
    5) (BOXING) Seitwärtshaken m
    2. attr
    (= transverse) street, line etc Quer-
    3. vt
    1) (= go across) road, river, mountains überqueren; (on foot) picket line etc überschreiten; country, desert, room durchqueren

    to cross the road — über die Straße gehen, die Straße überqueren

    it crossed my mind that... — es fiel mir ein, dass..., mir kam der Gedanke, dass...

    a smile crossed her lips —

    don't cross your bridges until you come to them (prov) — lass die Probleme auf dich zukommen

    we'll cross that bridge when we come to it — lassen wir das Problem mal auf uns zukommen, das sind ungelegte Eier (inf)

    2) (= put at right-angles, intersect) kreuzen

    the lines are crossed, we have a crossed line (Telec) — die Leitungen überschneiden sich

    to cross sb's palm with silver —

    3) (= put a line across) letter, t einen Querstrich machen durch; (Brit) cheque ≈ zur Verrechnung ausstellen
    See:
    → dot
    4)

    (= make the sign of the Cross) to cross oneself — sich bekreuzigen

    cross my/your heart (inf) — Ehrenwort, Hand aufs Herz

    5) (= mark with a cross) ankreuzen
    6) (= go against) plans durchkreuzen
    7) animal, fruit kreuzen
    4. vi
    1) (across road) hinübergehen, die Straße überqueren; (across Channel etc) hinüberfahren

    "cross now" — "gehen"

    2) (= intersect) sich kreuzen; (lines also) sich schneiden
    3) (letters etc) sich kreuzen
    II
    adj (+er)
    böse, sauer (inf)
    * * *
    cross [krɒs; US besonders krɔːs]
    A s
    1. Kreuz n:
    be nailed on ( oder to) the cross ans Kreuz geschlagen oder gekreuzigt werden
    2. the Cross das Kreuz (Christi):
    a) das Christentum
    b) das Kruzifix:
    cross and crescent Kreuz und Halbmond, Christentum und Islam
    3. Kruzifix n (als Bildwerk)
    4. Kreuzestod m (Christi)
    5. fig Kreuz n, Leiden n:
    bear ( oder carry) one’s cross sein Kreuz tragen;
    have a heavy cross to bear ( oder carry) ein schweres Kreuz zu tragen haben;
    everyone has a cross to bear in life wir haben alle unser Kreuz zu tragen;
    take up one’s cross sein Kreuz auf sich nehmen
    6. (Gedenk)Kreuz n (Denkmal etc)
    7. Kreuz(zeichen) n:
    make the sign of the cross sich bekreuzigen
    8. Kreuz(zeichen) n (als Unterschrift)
    9. Kreuz n, Merkzeichen n:
    mark with a cross, put a cross against ankreuzen, mit einem Kreuz bezeichnen
    10. Heraldik etc: Kreuz n:
    cross potent Krückenkreuz
    11. (Ordens-, Ehren) Kreuz n:
    Grand Cross Großkreuz
    12. Kreuz n, kreuzförmiger Gegenstand
    13. TECH Kreuzstück n, kreuzförmiges Röhrenstück
    14. TECH Fadenkreuz n
    15. ELEK Querschuss m
    16. a) Kreuzung f
    b) Kreuzungspunkt m
    17. Widerwärtigkeit f, Unannehmlichkeit f, Schwierigkeit f
    18. BIOL
    a) Kreuzung f
    b) Kreuzung(sprodukt) f(n) ( between zwischen dat)
    19. fig Mittel-, Zwischending n ( beide:
    between zwischen dat)
    20. Querstrich m
    21. SPORT Cross m:
    a) (Tennis) diagonal über den Platz geschlagener Ball
    b) (Boxen) Schlag, der über den abwehrenden Arm des Gegners auf dessen entgegengesetzte Körperhälfte führt
    22. Fußball: Flanke f
    23. sl Gaunerei f, Schwindel m:
    on the cross auf betrügerische Weise, unehrlich, hintenherum umg
    24. besonders SPORT sl Schiebung f
    25. Cross ASTRON → a) southern 1, b) northern 1
    B v/t
    1. bekreuz(ig)en, das Kreuzzeichen machen auf (akk) oder über (dat):
    cross o.s. sich bekreuzigen;
    cross sb’s hand ( oder palm) (with silver) jemandem (besonders einer Wahrsagerin) Geld in die Hand drücken; → heart Bes Redew
    2. kreuzen, übers Kreuz legen:
    cross one’s arms
    a) die Arme kreuzen oder verschränken,
    b) fig die Hände in den Schoß legen;
    cross one’s legs die Beine kreuzen oder übereinanderschlagen; → finger A 1, sword
    3. eine Grenze, ein Meer, eine Fahrbahn etc überqueren, ein Land etc durchqueren, (hinüber)gehen oder (-)fahren über (akk):
    cross the floor (of the House) PARL Br zur Gegenpartei übergehen;
    cross sb’s path fig jemandem in die Quere kommen, jemandem über den Weg laufen;
    cross the street die Straße überqueren, über die Straße gehen;
    it crossed me ( oder my mind) es fiel mir ein, es kam mir in den Sinn; → bridge1 A 1
    4. fig überschreiten
    5. sich erstrecken über (akk)
    6. hinüberschaffen, -transportieren
    7. kreuzen, schneiden:
    cross each other sich kreuzen oder schneiden oder treffen
    8. sich kreuzen mit:
    9. ankreuzen
    10. a) oft cross off, cross out aus-, durchstreichen:
    cross sb’s name off the list jemandes Namen von der Liste streichen
    b) cross off fig abschreiben umg (as als)
    11. einen Querstrich ziehen durch:
    cross a t im (Buchstaben) t den Querstrich ziehen
    12. SCHIFF die Rahen kaien
    13. a) einen Plan etc durchkreuzen, vereiteln
    b) jemandem entgegentreten, jemandem in die Quere kommen:
    be crossed auf Widerstand stoßen;
    be crossed in love Pech in der Liebe haben
    14. cross up US umg jemanden reinlegen
    15. cross up US umg etwas platzen lassen, vermasseln
    16. BIOL kreuzen
    17. ein Pferd besteigen
    C v/i
    1. quer liegen oder verlaufen
    2. sich kreuzen, sich schneiden:
    their paths crossed again fig ihre Wege kreuzten sich wieder
    a) hinübergehen, -fahren (zu), übersetzen (nach),
    b) hinüberreichen (bis),
    c) SPORT flanken
    4. sich kreuzen (Briefe)
    5. BIOL sich kreuzen (lassen)
    a) BIOL Gene austauschen,
    b) THEAT die Bühne überqueren
    D adj (adv crossly)
    1. sich kreuzend, sich (über)schneidend, kreuzweise angelegt oder liegend, quer liegend oder laufend, Quer…
    2. schräg, Schräg…
    3. wechsel-, gegenseitig (Zahlungen etc)
    4. be cross to entgegengesetzt sein (dat), im Widerspruch stehen zu
    5. Gegen…, Wider…
    6. widerwärtig, unangenehm, ungünstig
    7. umg (with) ärgerlich (mit), mürrisch (gegen), böse (auf akk, mit), brummig umg
    8. BIOL Kreuzungs…
    9. Statistik etc: Querschnitts…, vergleichend
    10. Br sl unehrlich
    E adv
    1. quer
    2. über Kreuz, kreuzweise
    3. falsch, verkehrt
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) Kreuz, das; (monument) [Gedenk]kreuz, das; (sign) Kreuzzeichen, das

    the Cross — das Kreuz [Christi]

    2) (cross-shaped thing or mark) Kreuz[zeichen], das
    3) (mixture, compromise) Mittelding, das ( between zwischen + Dat.); Mischung, die ( between aus)
    4) (affliction, cause of trouble) Kreuz, das
    5) (intermixture of breeds) Kreuzung, die
    6) (Footb.) Querpass, der; (Boxing) Cross, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) [über]kreuzen

    cross one's arms/legs — die Arme verschränken/die Beine übereinander schlagen

    cross one's fingers or keep one's fingers crossed [for somebody] — (fig.) [jemandem] die od. den Daumen drücken/halten

    I got a crossed line — (Teleph.) es war jemand in der Leitung

    2) (go across) kreuzen; überqueren [Straße, Gewässer, Gebirge]; durchqueren [Land, Wüste, Zimmer]

    we can cross — abs. die Straße ist frei

    cross somebody's mind — (fig.) jemandem einfallen

    cross somebody's path — (fig.) jemandem über den Weg laufen (ugs.)

    3) (Brit.)
    5) (cause to interbreed) kreuzen; (cross-fertilize) kreuzbefruchten
    3. intransitive verb
    (meet and pass) aneinander vorbeigehen

    cross [in the post] — [Briefe:] sich kreuzen

    4. adjective
    1) (transverse) Quer-
    2) (coll.): (peevish) verärgert; ärgerlich [Worte]

    be cross with somebody — böse auf jemanden od. mit jemandem sein

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    adj.
    durchkreuzen adj.
    quer adj.
    schief adj.
    zuwider adj.
    ärgerlich adj. n.
    (§ pl.: crosses)
    = Flanke -n f.
    Flankenball m.
    Kreuz -e n. v.
    durchqueren v.
    kreuzen v.
    verschränken (Arme) v.

    English-german dictionary > cross

  • 3 cross

    cross [krɒs]
    1. noun
       a. ( = mark, emblem) croix f
    • to mark/sign with a cross marquer/signer d'une croix
       b. ( = mixture) hybride m
       c. [of material] biais m
       a. ( = angry) en colère
    • it makes me cross when... cela me met en colère quand...
       b. ( = traverse, diagonal) transversal, diagonal
       a. [+ room, street, sea, river, bridge] traverser ; [+ threshold, border] franchir
    • it crossed my mind that... il m'est venu à l'esprit que...
       b. to cross one's arms/legs croiser les bras/les jambes
       c. to cross o.s. se signer
    • cross my heart (and hope to die)! (inf) croix de bois, croix de fer(, si je mens je vais en enfer) ! (inf)
       d. ( = thwart) [+ person] contrecarrer les projets de ; [+ plans] contrecarrer
       e. ( = crossbreed) [+ animals, plants] croiser ( with avec)
       b. [letters, paths] se croiser
    • cross-country race or running cross m
    ► cross section noun ( = sample) échantillon m
    [+ item on list] rayer
    [+ word] barrer
    * * *
    [krɒs], US [krɔːs] 1.
    1) ( shape) croix f

    the Cross — Religion la Croix

    to put a cross against — cocher [name, item]

    ‘put a cross in the box’ — ‘faites une croix dans la case’, ‘cochez la case’

    2) ( hybrid) croisement m ( between entre)

    a cross between X and Y — fig un mélange de X et de Y

    3) ( in sewing)
    2.
    1) ( angry) fâché

    to make somebody cross — mettre quelqu'un en colère, agacer quelqu'un

    2) ( contrary to general direction) [breeze] contraire
    3.
    1) ( go across by moving) lit traverser [road, room]; traverser, passer [river]; franchir [border, line, mountains]; ( span) [bridge] franchir, enjamber; ( have route across) [road, railway line, river] traverser; fig dépasser [limit, boundary]
    2) ( intersect with) couper

    to cross one's legs/arms — croiser les jambes/bras

    4) Biology, Botany, Zoology croiser ( with avec)
    5) ( oppose) contrarier [person]
    6) ( draw line across) barrer [cheque]
    4.
    1) (also cross over)
    2) ( intersect) se croiser; [lines] se couper
    3) [letters] se croiser
    5. 6.
    crossed past participle adjective Telecommunications [line] brouillé
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    to have a ou one's cross to bear — porter sa croix

    English-French dictionary > cross

  • 4 cross

    [kros] I adjective
    (angry: I get very cross when I lose something.) zangado
    II 1. plural - crosses; noun
    1) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.) cruz
    2) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.) cruz
    3) (the symbol of the Christian religion.) cruz
    4) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.) cruz
    5) (the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant: This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador.) cruzamento
    6) (a monument in the shape of a cross.) cruzeiro
    7) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.) cruz
    2. verb
    1) (to go from one side to the other: Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp.) atravessar
    2) ((negative uncross) to place (two things) across each other: He sat down and crossed his legs.) cruzar
    3) (to go or be placed across (each other): The roads cross in the centre of town.) cruzar
    4) (to meet and pass: Our letters must have crossed in the post.) cruzar
    5) (to put a line across: Cross your `t's'.) cortar
    6) (to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it.) cruzar
    7) (to breed (something) from two different varieties: I've crossed two varieties of rose.) cruzar
    8) (to go against the wishes of: If you cross me, you'll regret it!) contrariar
    •
    - crossing
    - crossbow
    - cross-breed
    - cross-bred
    - crosscheck     3. noun
    (the act of crosschecking.)
    - cross-country skiing
    - cross-examine
    - cross-examination
    - cross-eyed
    - cross-fire
    - at cross-purposes
    - cross-refer
    - cross-reference
    - crossroads
    - cross-section
    - crossword puzzle
    - crossword
    - cross one's fingers
    - cross out
    * * *
    [krɔs; krɔ:s] n 1 cruz. 2 Cross cruz de Cristo. 3 Cross Redenção de Cristo. 4 religião cristã. 5 crucifixo. 6 símbolo da religião cristã. 7 símbolo das cruzadas. 8 cruz que se põe em lugar do nome. 9 desenho, marca ou objeto em forma de cruz. 10 Astr cruzeiro. 11 sofrimento, aflição, atribulação. 12 cruzamento de raças ou castas, hibridação. 13 híbrido, resultado de cruzamento. 14 encruzilhada, cruzamento. 15 sl fraude, trapaça. 16 interseção de duas linhas. 17 Electr contato entre fios. • vt+vi 1 marcar com cruz. 2 riscar em cruz, cruzar, cancelar. 3 colocar através. 4 estar colocado em forma de cruz, estar deitado através. 5 cruzar, atravessar, transpor, passar sobre. he crossed the threshold / ele transpôs a soleira. 6 cruzar(-se), passar por. the two roads cross each other / as duas estradas se cruzam. they crossed the frontier / cruzaram a fronteira. 7 fazer o sinal-da-cruz sobre. he crossed himself / ele fez o sinal-da-cruz. 8 opor, impedir. 9 fazer cruzamento (entre raças). 10 cruzar, dispor em cruz. he crossed his arms / ele cruzou os braços. 11 cortar (letras). 12 formar cruzamento (ruas). 13 fazer atravessar. 14 estender-se sobre. 15 sl fazer fraude em competições esportivas. 16 sl trair, enganar. • adj 1 atravessado, transversal, oblíquo. we are talking at cross purposes / estamos falando sem nos entendermos. 2 oposto, contrário. 3 rabugento, mal-humorado, zangado, irritadiço. 4 recíproco. 5 cruzado, híbrido. • adv 1 de lado a lado, através. 2 em cruz. 3 transversalmente. 4 contrariamente. 5 desfavoravelmente. as cross as two sticks muito mal-humorado. keep your fingers crossed! fig torça para mim! Maltese Cross Cruz de Malta. no cross, no crown fig não há recompensa sem esforço. on the cross coll por meios desonestos. the idea crossed my mind veio-me a idéia de... the Southern Cross o Cruzeiro do Sul. they had their plans crossed seus planos fracassaram. they were crossed in love seu amor acabou mal. to cross off, out riscar, apagar, cortar. to cross over atravessar. let us cross over to the other side / vamos atravessar (a rua). to cross the floor Pol fig bandear-se para a oposição, abandonar seu partido. to go cross errar. he went cross / ele errou. to make the sign of the cross fazer o sinal-da-cruz. to take up one’s cross carregar sua cruz. with crossed arms de braços cruzados.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > cross

  • 5 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 6 Flax

    The following terms as given under the authority of the Ministry of Supply, are reprinted here with their permission. Flax Plants - of the species Linum usitatissimum cultivated for the production of seed or fibre or both. Flax, Fibre (Fibre Flax) - The variety of flax cultivated mainly for fibre production. Flax, fibre strands, or bundles - The aggregates, about 32 in number, of ultimate fibres which run from the level of the seed leaves up to the top of the branches of the flax straw. They are each composed of large numbers of ultimate fibres overlapping each other. Flax Fibres, Ultimate - The component cellulose fibres, about 11/4-in. long by 1/1000-in. wide, making up the fibre system of the flax straw. Flax, Linseed - The variety of flax cultivated mainly for seed production. Flax Seed - The term usually applied to the seed of fibre flax. A bag of flax seed in Ireland is sometimes 31/2 bushels, but it is more usual now to put up seed in 1-cwt. bags as in England. A peck of flax seed weighs approximately 14-lb. Flax Seed, Blue Blossom - Seed of a blue-flowered variety of flax. Flax Seed, Commercial - Flax seed usually named after its country or place of origin, but without a pedigree and without guarantee as to colour of flower. Flax Seed Germination - That percentage by number of a sample of seed which shows visible signs of growth within a stated time when kept under standard conditions of temperature and moisture. Flax Seed Germination, Standard - An arbitrary standard of germination of 90 per cent or more, incorporated in the flax growers' contract of the Ministry of Supply. Flax Seed, Lital - The generic name given to pedigree flax seed of several strains bred by the Linen Industry Research Association, Lambeg, and derived from those initials. Flax Seed, Minty - Seed which has been attacked by species of mites, usually owing to it being cracked and too damp. It is characterised by a dusty appearance and a distinct musty sweet smell. Flax Seed, Mixed Blue Blossom - A term used in Northern Ireland for seed from two or more blue-blossomed pedigree flaxes mixed together. Flax Seed, Pedigree - Seed of a strain of flax which has been improved by some recognised system of flax breeding and originally derived from the bulking of the seed from a single flax plant. Flax Seed, Plimmed - A local term for seed which has swollen through excess of moisture. Flax Seed Purity - That percentage by weight of seed taken from bulk which consists of whole flax seeds. Flax Seed Purity, Standard - An arbitrary standard of purity of 96 per cent or more with a weed seed content of 0.25 per cent or less, incorporated in the flax growers' contract of the Ministry of Supply. Flax Seed, Sowing - Seed of a germination and, purity making it acceptable for sowing. Flax Seed, Stormont - The generic name given to pedigree flax seed produced by the Plant Breeding Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Northern Ireland. Flax Seed, Weight per 1,000 - The weight in grams of 1,000 flax seeds picked at random from a sample. It is used as a measure of the plumpness and general quality of seed. Flax Seed, White Blossom - Seed of a white-flowered variety of flax. Flax Variety, Cross breeding - A method of flax breeding, based on fertilising the seed of a single plant of one strain by the pollen of a single plant of another strain and the study of the progeny. Flax Variety, Single Plant Selection - A method of flax breeding based on the study of a single self-fertilised flax plant and its progeny in subsequent generations. Linseed - The seed of linseed flax: and also of fibre flax when it is used for the same purposes as linseed. Moisture Content - To conform with the International ruling for seed testing the moisture content of flax seed should be expressed as a percentage of the original weight; the moisture content of other flax products being expressed as a percentage of the dry weight. Nomersan - A proprietary powder for dusting on flax seed as a prevention of certain seed-bome fungal diseases. Pickle - The term often applied to a single flax seed, i.e., a sample of seed is said to he of a large pickle or a small pickle. Weed Seed - The seed of any other species of plant present in a sample of flax seed.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Flax

См. также в других словарях:

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