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101 holiness
['həʊlɪnɪs]His, Your Holiness — Sua, Vostra Santità
* * ** * *holiness /ˈhəʊlɪnəs/n. [u]● (relig. cattolica) His Holiness, Sua Santità; il Papa.* * *['həʊlɪnɪs]His, Your Holiness — Sua, Vostra Santità
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102 serene
[sɪ'riːn]aggettivo serenoHis, Her Serene Highness — Sua Altezza Serenissima
* * *[sə'ri:n](happy and peaceful: a calm and serene person.) sereno- serenely- sereneness
- serenity* * *serene /səˈri:n/A a.sereno ( anche fig.); limpido; calmo; quieto; tranquillo: a serene sky, un cielo sereno, limpido; a serene life, una vita serena; to have a serene expression on one's face, avere un'aria serena (in volto)B n. (poet.)1 cielo sereno; (il) sereno● (stor.) Your Serene Highness, Vostra Serenità; Vostra Altezza Serenissimaserenely avv.* * *[sɪ'riːn]aggettivo serenoHis, Her Serene Highness — Sua Altezza Serenissima
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103 entry
['entrɪ]1) (act of entering, door) entrata f., ingresso m.to gain entry to o into riuscire a entrare in [ building]; accedere a [ computer file]; to force entry to o into — introdursi a forza in
2) (admission) (to club, university, country) ammissione f."no entry" — (on door) "vietato l'ingresso"; (in one way street) "divieto d'accesso"
3) (recorded item) (in dictionary) entrata f., lemma m., voce f.; (in encyclopedia) voce f.; (of ship's log) entrata f.; (in register) registrazione f.; (in ledger, accounts book) scrittura f.to make an entry in one's diary — annotare qcs. sulla propria agenda
4) (for competition) opera f. presentata; (for song contest) pezzo m., brano m., canzone f.send your entry to... — inviate la vostra risposta a
* * *['entri]plural - entries; noun1) ((an) act of coming in or going in: They were silenced by the entry of the headmaster.) entrata, ingresso2) (the right to enter: We can't go in - the sign says `No Entry'.) ingresso, accesso3) (place of entrance, especially a passage or small entrance hall: Don't bring your bike in here - leave it in the entry.) entrata4) (a person or thing entered for a competition etc: There are forty-five entries for the painting competition.) iscritto5) (something written in a list in a book etc: Some of the entries in the cash-book are inaccurate.) voce* * *['entrɪ]1) (act of entering, door) entrata f., ingresso m.to gain entry to o into riuscire a entrare in [ building]; accedere a [ computer file]; to force entry to o into — introdursi a forza in
2) (admission) (to club, university, country) ammissione f."no entry" — (on door) "vietato l'ingresso"; (in one way street) "divieto d'accesso"
3) (recorded item) (in dictionary) entrata f., lemma m., voce f.; (in encyclopedia) voce f.; (of ship's log) entrata f.; (in register) registrazione f.; (in ledger, accounts book) scrittura f.to make an entry in one's diary — annotare qcs. sulla propria agenda
4) (for competition) opera f. presentata; (for song contest) pezzo m., brano m., canzone f.send your entry to... — inviate la vostra risposta a
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104 please
I [pliːz]1) (with imperative, question) per favore, per piacere, per cortesiaplease be seated — form. sedetevi per favore
"please do not smoke" — "si prega di non fumare"
3) (encouraging) prego; (to close friend) daiplease, come in — entrate, prego
"may I?" - "please do" — "posso?" - "certo"
II 1. [pliːz]oh please! — (exasperated) ma per favore!
verbo transitivo piacere a, fare piacere a, soddisfare, accontentare [ person]he's easy to please, he's easily pleased — è facile accontentarlo
2.there's no pleasing her — non c'è modo di accontentarla, non è mai contenta
1) (give happiness or satisfaction) piacere, soddisfare2) (think fit)3) if you please form. se permetti3.he came to the wedding, if you please! — (indignantly) è venuto al matrimonio, e scusa(te) se è poco!
* * *[pli:z] 1. verb1) (to do what is wanted by (a person); to give pleasure or satisfaction to: You can't please everyone all the time; It pleases me to read poetry.)2) (to choose, want, like: He does as he pleases.)2. adverb(a word added to an order or request in order to be polite: Please open the window; Close the door, please; Will you please come with me?) per favore- pleased- pleasing
- pleasingly
- if you please
- please yourself* * *I [pliːz]1) (with imperative, question) per favore, per piacere, per cortesiaplease be seated — form. sedetevi per favore
"please do not smoke" — "si prega di non fumare"
3) (encouraging) prego; (to close friend) daiplease, come in — entrate, prego
"may I?" - "please do" — "posso?" - "certo"
II 1. [pliːz]oh please! — (exasperated) ma per favore!
verbo transitivo piacere a, fare piacere a, soddisfare, accontentare [ person]he's easy to please, he's easily pleased — è facile accontentarlo
2.there's no pleasing her — non c'è modo di accontentarla, non è mai contenta
1) (give happiness or satisfaction) piacere, soddisfare2) (think fit)3) if you please form. se permetti3.he came to the wedding, if you please! — (indignantly) è venuto al matrimonio, e scusa(te) se è poco!
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105 provide
[prə'vaɪd] 1.1) (supply) fornire, dare [answer, opportunity, evidence, meals, support, understanding] ( for a); procurare [ jobs] ( for a); dare [ satisfaction] ( for a); fornire, procurare, mettere a disposizione [service, food, shelter] ( for a)to provide access — [ path] dare accesso; (to information) consentire l'accesso
to provide sb. with — procurare a qcn. [food, shelter, job]; dare, offrire a qcn. [opportunity, support]; fornire a qcn. [ service]
2) dir. amm. (stipulate) [law, clause] prevedere2.verbo intransitivo provvedere alle necessità* * *1) (to give or supply: He provided the wine for the meal; He provided them with a bed for the night.) fornire2) ((with for) to have enough money to supply what is necessary: He is unable to provide for his family.) provvedere•- provided- providing* * *[prə'vaɪd] 1.1) (supply) fornire, dare [answer, opportunity, evidence, meals, support, understanding] ( for a); procurare [ jobs] ( for a); dare [ satisfaction] ( for a); fornire, procurare, mettere a disposizione [service, food, shelter] ( for a)to provide access — [ path] dare accesso; (to information) consentire l'accesso
to provide sb. with — procurare a qcn. [food, shelter, job]; dare, offrire a qcn. [opportunity, support]; fornire a qcn. [ service]
2) dir. amm. (stipulate) [law, clause] prevedere2.verbo intransitivo provvedere alle necessità -
106 reference
I ['refərəns]1) (allusion) riferimento m., allusione f.to make reference to — fare riferimento a, menzionare
to do sth. without reference to sb., sth. — fare qcs. senza consultare qcn., qcs.
"for reference only" — (on library book) "solo per consultazione"
for future reference, dogs are not allowed — per il futuro, è vietato l'ingresso ai cani
for easy reference,... — per una consultazione più facile,...
without reference to — senza tenere conto di [statistics, needs]
3) (anche reference mark) segno m. di rinvio, rimando m.4) comm. (on letter, memo) riferimento m.5) (referee) referenza f.6) ling. riferimento m.7) geogr.8) with reference to in riferimento aII ['refərəns]with reference to your letter, request — in riferimento alla vostra lettera, richiesta
verbo transitivo fornire le fonti di [book, article]* * *['refərəns]1) ((an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.) riferimento2) (a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers.) referenze3) (an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found.) rimando, rinvio* * *I ['refərəns]1) (allusion) riferimento m., allusione f.to make reference to — fare riferimento a, menzionare
to do sth. without reference to sb., sth. — fare qcs. senza consultare qcn., qcs.
"for reference only" — (on library book) "solo per consultazione"
for future reference, dogs are not allowed — per il futuro, è vietato l'ingresso ai cani
for easy reference,... — per una consultazione più facile,...
without reference to — senza tenere conto di [statistics, needs]
3) (anche reference mark) segno m. di rinvio, rimando m.4) comm. (on letter, memo) riferimento m.5) (referee) referenza f.6) ling. riferimento m.7) geogr.8) with reference to in riferimento aII ['refərəns]with reference to your letter, request — in riferimento alla vostra lettera, richiesta
verbo transitivo fornire le fonti di [book, article] -
107 revert
[rɪ'vɜːt]1) (return)to revert to — [ person] riprendere [habit, name]; [ area] ritornare [ wilderness]
2) biol. zool.he reverted to type — fig. è tornato alle origini
3) dir. spettare per reversione* * *[rə'və:t](to come or go back (to a previous state, point in a discussion etc).) tornare, ritornare* * *[rɪ'vɜːt]1) (return)to revert to — [ person] riprendere [habit, name]; [ area] ritornare [ wilderness]
2) biol. zool.he reverted to type — fig. è tornato alle origini
3) dir. spettare per reversione -
108 right
I 1. [raɪt]1) U (side, direction) destra f., parte f. destrakeep to the right — aut. tenere la destra, viaggiare a destra
on o to your right alla vostra destra; take the second right — prenda la seconda a destra
3) U (morally) giusto m., bene m.4) (just claim) diritto m.to have a right to sth. — avere diritto a qcs.
5) (in boxing) destro m.2.1) comm. dir. diritti m.to have the sole rights to sth. — avere l'esclusiva o il diritto esclusivo su qcs
2) (moral)••by rights — di diritto, di regola
II [raɪt]to put sth. to rights — mettere a posto qcs., sistemare qcs
1) (as opposed to left) destroon my right hand — (position) alla o sulla mia destra
2) (morally correct) giusto, onesto, leale; (fair) giusto, corretto, equoit is right and proper that... — è sacrosanto che...
to do the right thing by sb. — fare il proprio dovere nei confronti di qcn
3) (correct, true) [choice, direction] giusto; [ word] giusto, esatto, appropriato; (accurate) [ time] giusto, esatto, precisoto be right — [ person] avere ragione, essere nel giusto; [ answer] essere esatto o giusto
that's right — benissimo, giusto
is that right? — (asking) è vero? (double-checking) giusto?
am I right in thinking that...? — è vero che...?
to get one's facts right — documentarsi o informarsi bene
4) (most suitable) [clothes, equipment] giusto, adatto, appropriato; [ person] giusto, adattohe was careful to say all the right things — ebbe il tatto di pronunciare le parole adatte (per la situazione)
5) (in good order) [ machine] in buone condizioni, in buono stato; (healthy) [ person] sano, in buone condizioni6) (in order)to put o set right rimediare a, correggere [ mistake]; riparare [ injustice]; sistemare, mettere a posto [ situation]; riparare [ machine]; to put o set one's watch right mettere a posto l'orologio; they gave him a month to put o set things right gli diedero un mese per sistemare le cose; to put o set sb. right — fare ricredere qcn
7) mat. [ angle] rettoat right angles to — ad angolo retto con, perpendicolare a
8) BE colloq. (emphatic)9) BE colloq. (ready)••right you are! — colloq.
III [raɪt]right-oh! — BE colloq. benissimo! d'accordo! senz'altro!
1) (of direction) a destrato turn right — girare o svoltare a destra
they looked for him right, left and centre — colloq. lo cercarono ovunque o da tutte le parti o a destra e a sinistra
they are arresting people right, left and centre — colloq. stanno arrestando la gente in massa
2) (directly) direttamente, proprioI'll be right back — torno subito o immediatamente
right before — proprio prima, appena prima
3) (exactly)right in the middle of the room — esattamente o proprio al centro della stanza
right now — (immediately) subito, immediatamente; (at this point in time) al momento
4) (correctly) bene, correttamenteyou're not doing it right — non lo stai facendo nel modo giusto o correttamente
I guessed right — ho indovinato, ho visto giusto
if I remember right — se ben ricordo, se non ricordo male
5) (completely) completamente, del tuttohe looked right through me — fig. fece finta di non vedermi
we're right behind you! — fig. ti sosteniamo! ti siamo accanto in tutto e per tutto!
6) GB (in titles)the Right Honourable Gentleman — (in parliament) l'onorevole collega
7) (very well) molto beneright, let's have a look — benissimo, diamo un'occhiata
••right enough — colloq. certamente, innegabilmente, senza dubbio
IV 1. [raɪt]to see sb. right — (financially) non fare mancare niente a qcn.; (in other ways) togliere qcn. dai guai, cavare qcn. dagli impicci
1) (restore to upright position) raddrizzare, drizzare [ ship]2.to right oneself — [ person] tirarsi su, mettersi in piedi
to right itself — [ ship] raddrizzarsi, tornare diritto; [ situation] aggiustarsi, sistemarsi
* * *1. adjective1) (on or related to the side of the body which in most people has the more skilful hand, or to the side of a person or thing which is toward the east when that person or thing is facing north (opposite to left): When I'm writing, I hold my pen in my right hand.) destro2) (correct: Put that book back in the right place; Is that the right answer to the question?) giusto, corretto3) (morally correct; good: It's not right to let thieves keep what they have stolen.) giusto4) (suitable; appropriate: He's not the right man for this job; When would be the right time to ask him?) adatto, giusto2. noun1) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) diritto2) (that which is correct or good: Who's in the right in this argument?) giusto3) (the right side, part or direction: Turn to the right; Take the second road on the right.) destra4) (in politics, the people, group, party or parties holding the more traditional beliefs etc.) destra3. adverb1) (exactly: He was standing right here.) proprio2) (immediately: I'll go right after lunch; I'll come right down.) subito3) (close: He was standing right beside me.) proprio4) (completely; all the way: The bullet went right through his arm.) completamente5) (to the right: Turn right.) a destra6) (correctly: Have I done that right?; I don't think this sum is going to turn out right.) bene, giusto4. verb1) (to bring back to the correct, usually upright, position: The boat tipped over, but righted itself again.) raddrizzare, raddrizzarsi2) (to put an end to and make up for something wrong that has been done: He's like a medieval knight, going about the country looking for wrongs to right.) rimediare5. interjection(I understand; I'll do what you say etc: `I want you to type some letters for me.' `Right, I'll do them now.') certo- righteously
- righteousness
- rightful
- rightfully
- rightly
- rightness
- righto
- right-oh
- rights
- right angle
- right-angled
- right-hand
- right-handed
- right wing 6. adjective((right-wing) (having opinions which are) of this sort.) di destra- by rights
- by right
- get
- keep on the right side of
- get right
- go right
- not in one's right mind
- not quite right in the head
- not right in the head
- put right
- put/set to rights
- right away
- right-hand man
- right now
- right of way
- serve right* * *I 1. [raɪt]1) U (side, direction) destra f., parte f. destrakeep to the right — aut. tenere la destra, viaggiare a destra
on o to your right alla vostra destra; take the second right — prenda la seconda a destra
3) U (morally) giusto m., bene m.4) (just claim) diritto m.to have a right to sth. — avere diritto a qcs.
5) (in boxing) destro m.2.1) comm. dir. diritti m.to have the sole rights to sth. — avere l'esclusiva o il diritto esclusivo su qcs
2) (moral)••by rights — di diritto, di regola
II [raɪt]to put sth. to rights — mettere a posto qcs., sistemare qcs
1) (as opposed to left) destroon my right hand — (position) alla o sulla mia destra
2) (morally correct) giusto, onesto, leale; (fair) giusto, corretto, equoit is right and proper that... — è sacrosanto che...
to do the right thing by sb. — fare il proprio dovere nei confronti di qcn
3) (correct, true) [choice, direction] giusto; [ word] giusto, esatto, appropriato; (accurate) [ time] giusto, esatto, precisoto be right — [ person] avere ragione, essere nel giusto; [ answer] essere esatto o giusto
that's right — benissimo, giusto
is that right? — (asking) è vero? (double-checking) giusto?
am I right in thinking that...? — è vero che...?
to get one's facts right — documentarsi o informarsi bene
4) (most suitable) [clothes, equipment] giusto, adatto, appropriato; [ person] giusto, adattohe was careful to say all the right things — ebbe il tatto di pronunciare le parole adatte (per la situazione)
5) (in good order) [ machine] in buone condizioni, in buono stato; (healthy) [ person] sano, in buone condizioni6) (in order)to put o set right rimediare a, correggere [ mistake]; riparare [ injustice]; sistemare, mettere a posto [ situation]; riparare [ machine]; to put o set one's watch right mettere a posto l'orologio; they gave him a month to put o set things right gli diedero un mese per sistemare le cose; to put o set sb. right — fare ricredere qcn
7) mat. [ angle] rettoat right angles to — ad angolo retto con, perpendicolare a
8) BE colloq. (emphatic)9) BE colloq. (ready)••right you are! — colloq.
III [raɪt]right-oh! — BE colloq. benissimo! d'accordo! senz'altro!
1) (of direction) a destrato turn right — girare o svoltare a destra
they looked for him right, left and centre — colloq. lo cercarono ovunque o da tutte le parti o a destra e a sinistra
they are arresting people right, left and centre — colloq. stanno arrestando la gente in massa
2) (directly) direttamente, proprioI'll be right back — torno subito o immediatamente
right before — proprio prima, appena prima
3) (exactly)right in the middle of the room — esattamente o proprio al centro della stanza
right now — (immediately) subito, immediatamente; (at this point in time) al momento
4) (correctly) bene, correttamenteyou're not doing it right — non lo stai facendo nel modo giusto o correttamente
I guessed right — ho indovinato, ho visto giusto
if I remember right — se ben ricordo, se non ricordo male
5) (completely) completamente, del tuttohe looked right through me — fig. fece finta di non vedermi
we're right behind you! — fig. ti sosteniamo! ti siamo accanto in tutto e per tutto!
6) GB (in titles)the Right Honourable Gentleman — (in parliament) l'onorevole collega
7) (very well) molto beneright, let's have a look — benissimo, diamo un'occhiata
••right enough — colloq. certamente, innegabilmente, senza dubbio
IV 1. [raɪt]to see sb. right — (financially) non fare mancare niente a qcn.; (in other ways) togliere qcn. dai guai, cavare qcn. dagli impicci
1) (restore to upright position) raddrizzare, drizzare [ ship]2.to right oneself — [ person] tirarsi su, mettersi in piedi
to right itself — [ ship] raddrizzarsi, tornare diritto; [ situation] aggiustarsi, sistemarsi
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109 transfer
I ['trænsfɜː(r)]1) (transmission) (of funds, shares) trasferimento m.; (of property) trapasso m., passaggio m.; (of debt) cessione f., voltura f.2) (relocation) (of employee, player, patient, prisoner) trasferimento m.3) BE (on skin) tatuaggio m. cancellabile; (on china) decalcomania f.; (on paper) decalcomania f., trasferello m.; (on T-shirt) stampa f.II 1. [træns'fɜː(r)]1) (move) trasferire, spostare [data, luggage]2) (hand over) trasferire, versare [ money]; trasferire [ power]; trasmettere, cedere [ property]; cambiare [allegiance, support]3) (relocate) trasferire [employee, office, prisoner, player]4) tel. trasferire [ call]2.1) (relocate) [employee, player] trasferirsi2) aer. [ traveller] cambiare volo* * *[træns'fə:] 1. past tense, past participle - transferred; verb1) (to remove to another place: He transferred the letter from his briefcase to his pocket.) trasferire, spostare2) (to (cause to) move to another place, job, vehicle etc: I'm transferring / They're transferring me to the Bangkok office.) trasferire, trasferirsi3) (to give to another person, especially legally: I intend to transfer the property to my son.) trasferire, cedere2. noun(['trænsfə:])1) (the act of transferring: The manager arranged for his transfer to another football club.) trasferimento2) (a design, picture etc that can be transferred from one surface to another, eg from paper to material as a guide for embroidery.) decalcomania•* * *I ['trænsfɜː(r)]1) (transmission) (of funds, shares) trasferimento m.; (of property) trapasso m., passaggio m.; (of debt) cessione f., voltura f.2) (relocation) (of employee, player, patient, prisoner) trasferimento m.3) BE (on skin) tatuaggio m. cancellabile; (on china) decalcomania f.; (on paper) decalcomania f., trasferello m.; (on T-shirt) stampa f.II 1. [træns'fɜː(r)]1) (move) trasferire, spostare [data, luggage]2) (hand over) trasferire, versare [ money]; trasferire [ power]; trasmettere, cedere [ property]; cambiare [allegiance, support]3) (relocate) trasferire [employee, office, prisoner, player]4) tel. trasferire [ call]2.1) (relocate) [employee, player] trasferirsi2) aer. [ traveller] cambiare volo -
110 urgent
['ɜːdʒənt]1) (pressing) [need, message, case] urgente; [investigation, measures] d'urgenzato be in urgent need of — avere un bisogno urgente di, avere urgentemente bisogno di
it is most urgent that we (should) find a solution — è necessario trovare una soluzione al più presto
2) (desperate) [plea, tone] insistente* * *['ə:‹ənt](needing immediate attention: There is an urgent message for the doctor.) urgente- urgently- urgency* * *['ɜːdʒənt]1) (pressing) [need, message, case] urgente; [investigation, measures] d'urgenzato be in urgent need of — avere un bisogno urgente di, avere urgentemente bisogno di
it is most urgent that we (should) find a solution — è necessario trovare una soluzione al più presto
2) (desperate) [plea, tone] insistente -
111 your
[jɔː(r), jʊə(r)]1) (of one person: informal) tuo; (of one person: polite) suo; (of more than one person: informal) vostro; (of more than one person: polite) loroyour book — il tuo, suo, vostro, loro libro
your friends — i tuoi, suoi, vostri, loro amici
it was your fault — era colpa tua, sua, vostra, loro
you broke your nose — ti sei rotto, (lei) si è rotto il naso
2) (impersonal)smoking is bad for your health — fumare fa male o nuoce alla salute
* * *(among, or in the same place as, us, you or them: Large buildings keep rising in our midst.) in mezzo a noi/voi/loro* * *[jɔː(r), jʊə(r)]1) (of one person: informal) tuo; (of one person: polite) suo; (of more than one person: informal) vostro; (of more than one person: polite) loroyour book — il tuo, suo, vostro, loro libro
your friends — i tuoi, suoi, vostri, loro amici
it was your fault — era colpa tua, sua, vostra, loro
you broke your nose — ti sei rotto, (lei) si è rotto il naso
2) (impersonal)smoking is bad for your health — fumare fa male o nuoce alla salute
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112 Royal Highness
His o Her Royal Highness Sua Altezza Reale; Your Royal Highness — Vostra Altezza Reale
* * *His o Her Royal Highness Sua Altezza Reale; Your Royal Highness — Vostra Altezza Reale
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113 Signoria
Signoria s.f. 1. ( titolo d'onore) Seigneurie: Vostra Signoria Votre Seigneurie. 2. ( burocr) vous pron.: la Signoria Vostra è pregata di presentarsi merci de vous présenter, veuillez vous présenter. -
114 V.M.
V.M. 1. Vostra Maestà (Votre Majesté). 2. valor militare (mérite militaire). 3. Vostra Magnificenza ( titolo di principi) (Votre Altesse). -
115 V.S.
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116 Ругательства
Об одном и том же можно сказать нейтрально, а можно сильно, жестко, оскорбительно. Для последнего в любом языке есть известные всем живущим в нем "опасные" слова. Произносить их при всех, за исключением, в ряде случаев, членов своей узкой социальной группы, считается вульгарным и неприличным. Такие слова обычно касаются, во-первых - всего воспринимающегося омерзительным подсознательно, на уровне чувств: противно-грязного, скользко-липкого, плохо пахнущего ит.д. Во-вторых - это все, имеющее отношение к сексуальным и выделительным функциям: прямые названия "срамных" мест человека и соответствующих процессов. Наконец, в-третьих - здесь все, что связано с потусторонним миром. Так у многих народов грешно (а значит, неприлично и запрещено) взывать вслух к богам, не говоря уж об апелляциях и отсылках к разного рода чертям (например - собачьим).Словом, обо всем, что вызывает отвращение, а также о том, что происходит в постели, в туалете или связано со страхом смерти, - вслух стараются не говорить.Английский язык такими в разной степени "опасными" словами очень богат.Многочисленные грубые, оскорбительные и унизительные термины люди используют, чтобы выразить отрицательное отношение к чему-то, а также для того, чтобы самоутвердиться, показать превосходство над собеседником. Такие слова окрашивают все как бы в грязные тона, принижая не только то, о чем, но и того, с кем говорят.Самые "опасные" слова и их производные являются и самыми грубыми ругательствами - матом (по-английски - vulgar words, swear words, curse, obscenities). Мат - это не непосредственно сленг, хотя именно в низших слоях общества, где нелитературных жаргонных словечек масса, он обычно употребляется через слово. Зато мат никогда не используется в вежливом разговоре. Лишь в специальных ситуациях, например во взрослой мужской компании пьющих работяг, он может быть в ходу и в качестве сленга.Как тут не вспомнить "про Вовочку". Учительница, умоляюще:- Вовочка, ну хоть какие-то хорошие слова ты знаешь? Что, например, твой папа говорит, когда радуется гостю?- Ё* твою мать! Кто к нам пришел!В формальных ситуациях вульгарные слова абсолютно исключены. В классе (потому про Вовочку и смешно), офисе и любых официальных местах использовать их совершенно немыслимо. То есть, технически-то возможно, но это неминуемо повлечет за собой неприятные для автора-исполнителя последствия. Мат недопустим в разговорах с начальством, старшими, учителями, детьми, малознакомыми ит.д.Даже в приблатненной среде, где грубые ругательства - обыденность, младший по положению будет использовать их в разговоре со старшим крайне аккуратно. Ну-ка обзови пахана козлом...В Америке употребление нецензурщины в неадекватной социальной ситуации способно мгновенно и навсегда испортить репутацию человека. Это как ширинку не застегнуть или прийти на фортепьянный концерт в резиновых сапогах и телогрейке. Будешь выглядеть неотесанным представителем низов или человеком без моральных принципов, пофигистом, которому наплевать на все, в том числе на то, что о нем подумают. После подобных подвигов найдется мало желающих с тобой водиться. Неформальная лексика в разговоре подразумевает некую близость, которая совершенно излишня, скажем, в служебных отношениях, особенно между лицами разными по рангу.Эта неуместность излишней близости гораздо сильнее чувствуется в индивидуалистической американской культуре, чем в бытовой русской, сформировавшейся в традициях коммунальных квартир, плацкартных вагонов, лагерей и малодисциплинированной армии.К табуированной лексике относится с одной стороны - самое страшное и опасное, а с другой - самое грязное, низменное и плохое. И общество инстинктивно старается не подходить к краю, за которым все это начинается. А для начала - просто запрещает говорить о том, что находится за гранью допустимого, будто бы ничего такого и нет.Как ребенок, которому кажется: "Зажмурюсь - и все плохое исчезло". Ведь общество большой наивный ребенок и есть.Еще интересный момент. Самое сильное воздействие на человека оказывает не открытая демонстрация запретного, а намек на то, что вот оно, тут, рядом. Завеса, прикрывающая недозволенное, должна колыхаться, показывать на миг, что выше есть еще более запретное и интересное (вообще-то - ниже, но здесь сработала ассоциация с длиной юбки).Во времена Пушкина возбуждал и кончик женской ножки, промелькнувший под длинным до пола платьем. Лет через 100-150 юбка уже вовсю флиртовала с коленом, то прикрывая, то обнажая его. С чем флиртует край современной мини-юбки? Называть эти места неприлично, в этом и вся соль.В целом же запретное и грубое неисчерпаемы (см. начало главы). Наивно думать, что неуклонное движение вперед по пути лингвистического прогресса когда-то сотрет грани между лексикой официальной и неформальной. Для живого языка это невозможно. Да, границы будут смещаться, но полная победа сил света над силами зла недостижима, ибо их состязание и есть жизнь. Мат, и русский, и английский, не исчезнет, но и не станет языком официальных коммюнике. У всякого беспредела есть свой предел. Абсолютная свобода, в том числе в словоупотреблении, такая же светлая утопия, как, скажем, коммунизм. В языке всегда будут слова разной степени обнаженности, в том числе и выходящей за рамки приличий (последние способны раздвигаться, но им не дано пропасть).Что делает эту книгу вне всякого сомнения актуальной на долгие времена! А если вы продолжаете чтение - значит, с нами согласны! Или резко против!О том, что такое мат, почему ругаться и вредно, и полезно, и весело, а также о психологических корнях всего этого мы расскажем в соответствующих главах. А эту главу закончим классическим примером вульгарной речи.1. Итальянский оргигинал цитаты: Vi baccio mille volte. La mia anima baccia la vostra, mio cazzo, mio cuore sono innamorati di voi. Baccio el vostro gentil culo e tutta la vostra persona.2. Точный перевод на английский: I kiss you a thousand times. My soul kisses yours, my cock, my heart are in love with you. I kiss your nice ass and all your person.3. Смягченный (традиционный) перевод: I kiss you a thousand times. My soul kisses yours, my penis, my heart are in love with you. I kiss your nice rear end and all your person.Перевод цитаты выполнил А. Аранго, крупный аргентинский психоаналитик.Он подчеркивал, что дословный перевод силен, ярок, возмутителен - к чему в оригинале автор и стремился. При смягчении, помещении текста "в рамки приличий", смысл не меняется, но сила воздействия уходит, острота теряется.Цитата принадлежит перу Вольтера, а вовсе не поручика Ржевского (Любовные письма Вольтера, декабрь 1745 года (Lettres d'amour de Voltaire а sa niece, Paris, 1957)). Ругательство - это всегда усиление, акцент. Оно действует как окрик, но если кричать постоянно - никакого эффекта не будет. Сильное средство эффективно, пока им не злоупотребляешь. Вольтер это учитывал и использовал приведенные слова только там, где нужно. Чего мы и вам, уважаемый читатель, желаем. -
117 V.S.
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118 nostro
['nɔstro] nostro (-a)1. agg possa casa nostra — at our house, at home
2. pron possil(la) nostro(a) ecc — ours, our own
è questa la vostra macchina? - no, la nostra è nera — is this your car? - no, ours is black
3. pron poss m1)2)i nostri — (famiglia) our family, (amici) our own people, our side
4. pron poss fla nostra — (opinione) our view
è dalla nostra — (parte) he's on our side
anche noi abbiamo avuto le nostre — (disavventure) we've had our problems too
alla nostra! — (brindisi) to us!
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119 V.S.
abbr1) (= Vostra Santità)2) (= Vostra Signoria) -
120 signoria
f.la signoria Vostra è invitata alla prima dello spettacolo "Il Lago dei cigni" — Вы приглашены на премьеру балета "Лебединое озеро"
См. также в других словарях:
Hostal Vostra Llar — (Паламос,Испания) Категория отеля: 3 звездочный отель Адрес: Avenida President Macià, 12, 1 … Каталог отелей
Alena Vostrá — (1938 1992) was a popular Czech novelist. One of her most popular works was A Matter of Days.External links* [http://www.artur.cz/autori.asp?id=507 Biography] cs icon … Wikipedia
alla vostra salute — /ahl lah vaws trddah sah looh te/, Italian. to your health (used as a toast). * * * alla vostra salute /älˈlä vōsˈträ sa looˈtā/ (Italy) To your health … Useful english dictionary
La croce del altero insegna a portare la vostra. — См. На людях и смерть красна … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Ihre Gesundheit! Your health! Votre santé. Vostra sanita. — См. Пью за ваше здоровье! … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
alla vostra salute — /ahl lah vaws trddah sah looh te/, Italian. to your health (used as a toast). * * * … Universalium
vostro — vò·stro agg.poss. di seconda pers.pl., pron.poss. di seconda pers.pl. FO I. agg.poss. di seconda pers.pl. I 1. indica proprietà, possesso; che appartiene a voi: i vostri libri, la vostra casa, il vostro cane; posposto: questa è roba vostra non… … Dizionario italiano
Leonor de Aragón y Foix — Este artículo o sección sobre biografías necesita ser wikificado con un formato acorde a las convenciones de estilo. Por favor, edítalo para que las cumpla. Mientras tanto, no elimines este aviso puesto el 13 de mayo de 2010. También puedes… … Wikipedia Español
vostro — {{hw}}{{vostro}}{{/hw}}A agg. poss. di seconda pers. pl. (f. vostra ; pl. m. vostri ; pl. f. vostre ) 1 Che appartiene a voi: la vostra casa è bella. 2 Che appartiene al vostro essere fisico o spirituale, o a sue facoltà, espressioni,… … Enciclopedia di italiano
Sprachvergleich anhand des Vaterunsers — Vergleich der Vaterunser Texte in Sanskrit und Kaschmirisch, um 1850 Das „Vaterunser“ wird in der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft gelegentlich zu Hilfe gezogen, um verwandte Idiome miteinander zu vergleichen. Inhaltsverzeichnis … Deutsch Wikipedia
Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Representación para la ofrenda, de La Virgen de los Desamparados conocida popularmente como la Geperudeta,jorobadita en valenciano. La Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados se encuentra en … Wikipedia Español