-
1 Wechsel
Wechsel m 1. BANK draft, dft; 2. FIN promise to pay, bill, bill of exchange, B/E, note, (infrml) paper; 3. KOMM migration • einen Wechsel akzeptieren RECHT accept a bill • einen Wechsel honorieren FIN (AE) honor a bill, (BE) honour a bill • einen Wechsel mit Akzept versehen RECHT accept a bill • einen Wechsel zur Annahme vorlegen BANK present a bill for acceptance • einen Wechsel zur Diskontierung vorlegen BANK present a bill for discount* * *m 1. < Bank> draft (dft) ; 2. < Finanz> promise to pay, bill, bill of exchange (B/E), note, paper infrml ■ einen Wechsel akzeptieren < Recht> accept a bill ■ einen Wechsel honorieren < Finanz> honor a bill (AE), honour a bill (BE) ■ einen Wechsel mit Akzept versehen < Recht> accept a bill ■ einen Wechsel zur Annahme vorlegen < Bank> present a bill for acceptance ■ einen Wechsel zur Diskontierung vorlegen < Bank> present a bill for discount* * *Wechsel
(Abwechslung) [inter]change, alternation, turn, (Austausch) exchange, barter, (Bilanz) bills in hand, bill holdings, bills receivable (US), (Tratte) bill [of exchange], draft, paper, (Umschwung) reversal;
• bei Ablauf des Wechsels when the bill matures;
• abgelaufener Wechsel bill overdue;
• akzeptierter Wechsel accepted bill (draft);
• nicht akzeptierter Wechsel unaccepted (dishono(u)red) bill, bill dishono(u)red by non-acceptance;
• angekaufter Wechsel discounted bill;
• angenommener Wechsel accepted (hono(u)red) bill;
• ankaufsfähige Wechsel (Landeszentralbank) bills eligible for discount (rediscount, US);
• noch nicht vollständig ausgefüllter Wechsel inchoate bill (Br.);
• ausgestellter Wechsel issued (drawn) bill;
• ausländischer Wechsel bill in foreign currency, foreign bill (note);
• ausstehende Wechsel (Bilanz) bills outstanding;
• avalierter Wechsel backed (guaranteed) bill of exchange;
• bankfähiger Wechsel bank[able] (eligible, US) bill;
• nicht bankfähiger Wechsel non-negotiable paper, non-eligible bill (US);
• befristeter Wechsel sight draft;
• begebener Wechsel negotiated (drafted) bill (note);
• durch Effekten besicherter Wechsel security bill, collateral note (US);
• bezahlter Wechsel discharged bill;
• bundesbankfähiger Wechsel bill eligible for rediscount (US);
• diskontfähiger Wechsel bankable (discountable) bill (note), eligible bill of exchange, eligible paper (US);
• nicht diskontfähiger Wechsel unbankable paper;
• diskontierter Wechsel discounted bill;
• nicht diskontierter Wechsel undiscounted bill;
• domizilierter Wechsel domiciliated (domiciled, addressed, indirect) bill, domiciled bill of exchange;
• eigener Wechsel promissory note, note of hand (Br.);
• begebbarer eigener Wechsel negotiable note;
• trassiert eigener Wechsel house draft (bill);
• eingelöster Wechsel hono(u)red bill;
• nicht eingelöster Wechsel unpaid (dishono(u)red) bill, unpaid note;
• vor Verfallzeit eingelöster Wechsel anticipated bill of exchange, retired bill (US);
• einwandfreier Wechsel approved (clean) bill;
• den Anforderungen der Notenbank entsprechender Wechsel eligible paper (bill) (US);
• erstklassiger Wechsel first-rate bill, first-class (white) paper, fine (Br.) (prime, US) bill;
• fälliger Wechsel bill (note) due, bill to mature,expired (matured, payable) bill, (Bilanz) note (bill) payable (US);
• in Kürze fällige Wechsel bills about to mature;
• noch nicht fälliger Wechsel unexpired bill;
• falscher Wechsel forged bill, counterfeited bill of exchange;
• fauler Wechsel worthless (queer, query) bill;
• feiner Wechsel fine (Br.) (prime, US) bill, first-class (good) paper;
• fiktiver (fingierter) Wechsel bogus (pro forma, accommodation) bill, fictitious bill (Br.), windmill;
• fliegender Wechsel flying change;
• im Außenhandel gebrauchter Wechsel outland bill (Br.);
• gefälschter Wechsel forged bill, counterfeited bill of exchange;
• durch Werterhöhung gefälschter Wechsel raised bill (US);
• verloren gegangener Wechsel lost bill of exchange;
• zur Annahme geschickter Wechsel bill out for acceptance;
• durch Effekten gesicherter Wechsel security bill;
• nach dato zahlbar gestellter Wechsel draft after date;
• gezogener Wechsel drawn bill, draft;
• auf das Ausland gezogener Wechsel foreign bill;
• gegen Getreideverschiffungen gezogener Wechsel grain bill;
• auf die eigene Niederlassung gezogener Wechsel pig on pork (Br.);
• girierter Wechsel indorsed (made, Br.) bill;
• noch nicht girierter Wechsel original bill;
• handelsfähiger Wechsel negotiable bill;
• honorierter Wechsel hono(u)red bill;
• indossierter Wechsel indorsed (made, Br.) bill;
• inländischer Wechsel domestic bill of exchange;
• kurzfristiger Wechsel short-dated (-sighted) bill, short[-dated] exchange, short[-sighted] (short-dated) paper, short-term note;
• landeszentralbankfähiger Wechsel rediscountable (eligible, US) bill;
• langer Wechsel long-dated bill;
• langfristiger Wechsel long[-dated] bill, long draft, finance bill;
• laufende Wechsel bills to mature;
• auf den Inhaber lautender Wechsel bill made out to bearer;
• auf Order lautender Wechsel bill made out to order;
• auf englische Pfund lautender Wechsel sterling bill;
• auf eine fremde Währung lautender Wechsel foreign currency bill;
• lombardierter Wechsel bill pledged as security for an advance, pawned bill;
• Not leidender Wechsel overdue (dishono(u)red) bill, bill held over, bill in suspense (distress);
• offener Wechsel blank bill;
• prolongierter Wechsel renewed note;
• protestierter Wechsel bill noted for protest, dishono(u)red (protested) bill;
• quittierter Wechsel receipted bill of exchange;
• reiner (schlichter) Wechsel clean bill of exchange;
• sicherungsübereigneter Wechsel pawned bill of exchange;
• trassierter Wechsel draft, drawn bill [of exchange];
• trockener Wechsel promissory note, note of hand;
• domizilierter trockener Wechsel domicilated promissory note;
• überfälliger Wechsel bill overdue, past due bill (note);
• durch Indossament übertragbarer Wechsel negotiable bill;
• umlaufender Wechsel circulating bill, bill in circulation;
• unakzeptierter Wechsel dishono(u)red bill;
• unbegebbarer Wechsel nonnegotiable bill (US);
• unbezahlter (uneingelöster) Wechsel dishono(u)red (unpaid) bill, bill in suspense;
• ungedeckter Wechsel uncovered bill (note), bill not provided for, kite (Br.);
• unsicherer Wechsel dubious paper;
• unterschriebener Wechsel signed bill;
• unverstempelter Wechsel unstamped bill;
• verfallener Wechsel past due bill, bill payable, payable (matured) bill;
• verpfändeter Wechsel pawned bill of exchange;
• verstempelter Wechsel stamped bill;
• vorausdatierter Wechsel postdated bill;
• vorgekommener Wechsel bill presented for payment;
• zum Akzept vorzulegender Wechsel acceptance bill;
• zur Zahlung vorzulegender Wechsel payment bill;
• weiterbegebener (weitergegebener) Wechsel negotiated (rediscounted) bill;
• fällig werdender Wechsel bill to mature;
• im Ausland zahlbarer Wechsel foreign bill;
• an den Inhaber zahlbarer Wechsel bill payable to bearer;
• in London zahlbare Wechsel enfaced papers (Br.);
• an Order zahlbarer Wechsel bill payable to order;
• zu zahlende Wechsel bills payable;
• zentralbankfähiger Wechsel rediscountable (eligible, US) bill;
• nicht zentralbankfähiger Wechsel noneligible paper (US);
• zurückgenommener Wechsel returned bill;
• Wechsel gegen Abtretung der Warenforderung bill on goods, value bill;
• turnusmäßiger Wechsel im Amt rotation in office;
• Wechsel des Arbeitsplatzes change of employment;
• Wechsel in mehrfacher Ausfertigung bills in a set;
• Wechsel der halben Belegschaft innerhalb eines Jahres turnover of fifty per cent of the employees in a year;
• Wechsel in der Betriebsführung change in the management, management turnover;
• Wechsel zum Diskont bill for discount;
• Wechsel gegen Dokumente bill of exchange against documents;
• Wechsel mit Dokumenten documentary draft;
• Wechsel in Duplikat set of exchange;
• Wechsel des Gerichtsstandes change of venue;
• Wechsel dritter Güter third-class paper;
• Wechsel ohne Indossament single-name paper (US);
• Wechsel zum Inkasso bill to be encashed (for encashment), bill for collection;
• Wechsel der Jahreszeiten rotation of the seasons;
• Wechsel mit bestimmter Laufzeit time bill (draft);
• Wechsel mit anhängenden Papieren bill with documents attached;
• Wechsel auf Plätze des europäischen Kontinents continental bills (Br.);
• Wechsel und Schecks bills and checks (US) (cheques, Br.);
• Wechsel auf Sicht bill payable at sight (on demand), demand draft;
• Wechsel auf kurze Sicht short (short-sighted) bill, short paper;
• Wechsel mit nur einer Unterschrift single-name paper (US);
• Wechsel mit zwei Unterschriften double-name paper (US);
• eigener Wechsel mit Unterwerfungsklausel cognovit note (US);
• Wechsel im Vorstand change in the management (directorate), management change;
• Wechsel in ausländischer Währung bill in foreign currency, currency bill (Br.);
• Wechsel über empfangene Ware bona-fide bill;
• Wechsel mit unrichtigem Wortlaut wrongly drafted (worded) bill;
• Wechsel abgeben to dispose of a bill;
• Wechsel akzeptieren to accept (hono(u)r) a bill;
• Wechsel nicht akzeptieren to dishono(u)r a bill by non-acceptance;
• Wechsel nicht annehmen to refuse the acceptance of a bill;
• Deckung für einen Wechsel anschaffen to provide cover for a bill;
• Wechsel aufkaufen to buy up (do, Br.) bills;
• Wechsel zu hohem Diskont aufkaufen to shave (US sl.);
• Wechsel ausfertigen to make out (issue) a bill;
• Wechsel doppelt ausfertigen to draw a bill of exchange in duplicate;
• Verfalltag eines Wechsels ausrechnen to compute a bill;
• Wechsel ausstellen to make out a bill of exchange (note), to give a bill of exchange;
• laufenden Wechsel ausstellen to make out a bill payable thirty days (d/d);
• Wechsel in zwei Ausfertigungen ausstellen to draw bills in sets of two;
• Wechsel an Order ausstellen to make a bill payable to order;
• Wechsel avalieren to guarantee a bill;
• Wechsel avisieren to advise a bill;
• Wechsel begeben to issue (give, negotiate) a bill;
• ungedeckten Wechsel begeben to fly a kite (Br.);
• Wechsel begleichen to discharge (hono(u)r, meet) a bill;
• Inkasso eines Wechsels besorgen to attend to the collection of (undertake to collect) a bill;
• Wechsel bezahlen to take up (hono(u)r, meet pay) a bill;
• mit einem Wechsel bezahlen to pay by means of a bill;
• Wechsel vor Fälligkeit bezahlen to take up a bill under rebate[ment] (Br.);
• für einen Wechsel bürgen to act as surety for a bill;
• Wechsel decken to furnish a bill with security, to provide cover for a bill, to answer a bill of exchange, to hono(u)r a bill;
• Wechsel diskontieren to discount a bill, to take up a bill under rebate (Br.);
• Wechsel domizilieren to domiciliate a bill;
• Wechsel durchstreichen to cancel a bill;
• Wechsel einkassieren to collect (cash) a bill;
• Zahlung eines Wechsels einklagen to sue on a bill;
• Wechsel einlösen to hono(u)r (answer) a bill [of exchange], to meet (cash, draw in, pay, take up, discharge, clear, remit) a bill, to hono(u)r a draft, to make good on a note;
• Wechsel bei Fälligkeit einlösen to collect (take up) a bill (draft) when due, to protect a bill at maturity, to pay a bill of exchange at maturity;
• Wechsel vor Fälligkeit einlösen to anticipate (retire) a bill;
• Wechsel nicht einlösen to leave a bill unpaid (unprotected), to dishono(u)r a bill by non-acceptance;
• Wechsel unter Protesterhebung einlösen to pay a bill under protest;
• Wechsel bei Verfall einlösen to hono(u)r (protect) a bill at maturity;
• Wechsel zum Diskont (zur Zahlung) einreichen to offer (tender) a bill for discount;
• Wechsel einziehen to collect (cash) a bill;
• Wechsel fälschen to forge a bill (promissory note);
• Wechsel garantieren to guarantee (guaranty) a bill;
• Wechsel aus der Hand geben to deliver a bill;
• Wechsel um Inkasso geben to have a bill collected;
• Wechsel mangels Zahlung zu Protest geben to have a bill protested for want of payment;
• mit der Bezahlung eines Wechsels in Verzug geraten to default in paying a note;
• Wechsel girieren to endorse (indorse, circulate) a bill [of exchange];
• Rückseite eines Wechsels girieren to inscribe across the face of a bill;
• Wechsel Eingang vorbehalten gutschreiben to enter a bill short;
• Wechsel im Umlauf haben to keep bills afloat;
• Wechsel zum Diskont hereinnehmen to accept bills for discount;
• Wechsel zum Einzug hereinnehmen to accept bills for collection (discount);
• Wechsel honorieren to take up (hono(u)r, redeem, cash, meet) a bill, to pay due hono(u)r to a draft, to answer a bill of exchange;
• Wechsel nicht honorieren to dishono(u)r a bill, to return a bill unpaid;
• Wechsel indossieren to endorse (indorse) a bill;
• Wechsel kassieren to collect (cash) a bill, to take up a bill;
• Wechsel diskontieren lassen to give a bill on discount, to get a bill discounted;
• Wechsel von einer Bank diskontieren lassen to lodge a note in a bank for discount;
• Wechsel Not leiden lassen to keep a bill in suspense;
• Wechsel zu Protest gehen lassen to cause a bill to be noted;
• Wechsel zurückgehen lassen to return a bill protested;
• Wechsel unbezahlt zurückgehen lassen to return a bill unpaid;
• Wechsel lombardieren to pledge a bill as security for a loan, to pawn a bill;
• Wechsel zahlbar machen to domiciliate a bill, to make a bill payable;
• Wechsel prolongieren to hold over a bill, to extend (renew) a bill of exchange, to grant a renewal (accord a respite for payment) of a draft, to enlarge the payment of a bill;
• Wechsel protestieren to protest a bill, to note [down] a bill (draft);
• Wechsel mangels Annahme protestieren to protest a bill for non-acceptance;
• Wechsel rediskontieren to rediscount a bill;
• Wechsel retournieren to return a bill to drawer;
• Wechsel in Umlauf setzen to give currency to (issue) a bill;
• Wechsel sperren to stop a bill;
• Wechsel an Order stellen to make a bill payable to order;
• Wechsel zahlbar stellen to domiciliate a bill;
• Betrag durch Wechsel übermachen to return an amount by bill of exchange;
• Wechsel zum Inkasso übernehmen to undertake the collection (cashing) of a bill;
• Wechsel überprüfen to inspect a bill;
• Wechsel zum Inkasso übersenden to remit a bill for collection;
• Wechsel übertragen to remit a bill;
• Wechsel unterschreiben to sign a bill;
• Wechsel verlängern to prolong (renew, hold over) a bill;
• Wechsel mit Bürgschaft versehen to furnish a bill with security (surety), to guarantee (guaranty) a bill;
• Wechsel mit Giro versehen to indorse a bill;
• Wechsel mit Sicht versehen to sight a bill;
• Wechsel mit einem Zusatz versehen to enface a bill with a memorandum;
• Wechsel verstempeln to furnish a bill with a stamp;
• Annahme eines Wechsels verweigern to dishono(u)r a bill, to dishono(u)r a draft by non-acceptance;
• Wechsel vorausdatieren to antedate a bill;
• Wechsel zur Annahme vorlegen to present a bill (draft) for acceptance;
• Wechsel zur Einlösung vorlegen to present a bill for payment, to collect on a note;
• Wechsel erneut vorlegen to represent a bill;
• Wechsel zur Zahlung vorlegen to collect on a note, to present a bill for payment;
• Inkasso eines Wechsels vornehmen to undertake the collection of a bill;
• Wechsel zur Zahlung vorzeigen to present a bill for payment;
• Wechsel weitergeben to negotiate a bill;
• Wechsel ziehen to draw (value, make out, issue, pass) a bill;
• Wechsel auf lange (kurze) Zeit ziehen to draw at long (short) date;
• Wechsel unbezahlt zurückgeben to return a bill unpaid;
• Wechsel mit Akzept zurückschicken to return a bill accepted;
• Wechsel mit Protest zurückschicken to return a bill of exchange protested;
• Wechsel zurückübertragen to endorse back a bill of exchange;
• Wechselabrechnung discount liquidation;
• Wechselabschrift copy (transcript) of a bill [of exchange];
• Wechselabteilung bill (discount) department;
• Wechselagent bill broker;
• Wechselagio discount, premium on exchange;
• Wechselakzept acceptance of a bill, (Warenakzept) trade acceptance;
• Wechselakzeptant acceptor of a bill;
• Wechselallonge rider;
• nachträgliche Wechseländerung material alteration of a bill (Br.);
• Wechselanhang rider;
• Wechselannahme acceptance of a bill;
• verweigerte Wechselannahme default of acceptor, dishono(u)red acceptance;
• Wechselarbitrage arbitration of exchange, arbitrage in bills [of exchange], bill jobbing (Br.), jobbing in bills (Br.);
• Wechselarbitrage über mehrere Plätze cross exchange (Br.);
• Wechselarbitrageur jobber in bills;
• Wechselarchiv bill file;
• Wechselausfertigung drafting of a bill;
• zweite Wechselausfertigung second [of exchange] bill;
• Wechselausgabe issue of a bill of exchange;
• Wechselaussteller drawer (giver) of a bill, maker, notemaker (US);
• Wechselausstellung issue of a bill of exchange;
• Wechselbank acceptance house;
• Wechselbegebung negotiating (negotiation, delivery of) a bill of exchange;
• Wechselbesitzer billholder, holder of a note, noteholder;
• Wechselbestände bills, (Bilanz) bills in hand, billholdings, bill case (Br.), paper holdings (discounts), bills receivable (US);
• Wechsel- und Scheckbestände bills and checks, (Bilanz) drafts and cheques in hand (Br.);
• unmittelbare Wechselbeteiligte immediate parties to a bill;
• Wechselbetrag value;
• Wechselbeziehung zwischen den Steuersystemen interactions between the tax systems;
• Wechselbezogener drawer of a bill, payor;
• Wechselblankett blank (skeleton) bill;
• Wechselbuch bill ledger, draft book (Br.), note register (US), discount ledger, bills-receivable book (US), (Verfallbuch) bills-payable book (US);
• Wechselbuch für Inkassowechsel bill for collection book;
• Wechselbürge giver of guarantee, guarantor for a bill of exchange, bill surety, backer. -
2 Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
-
3 Strombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Strombelastbarkeit, f
-
4 Hochspannung (1)
1
высокое напряжение
-
[IEV number 151-15-05]EN
high voltage (1)
high tension (1)
HV (1), abbreviation
voltage having a value above a conventionally adopted limit
NOTE – An example is the set of upper voltage values used in bulk power systems.
Source: 601-01-27 MOD
[IEV number 151-15-05]FR
haute tension (1), f
2
HT (1), abréviation
tension électrique de valeur supérieure à une limite adoptée par convention
NOTE – Un exemple est l'ensemble des tensions les plus élevées utilisées dans les réseaux de production-transport d'énergie électrique.
Source: 601-01-27 MOD
[IEV number 151-15-05]высокое напряжение
-EN
High Voltage
HV
systems with nominal voltage in range above 1 000 V a.c. and up to and including 15 kV a.c.
NOTE This definition differs from the conventional definition.
[IEC/PAS 60092-510, ed. 1.0 (2009-04)]FR
-
Синонимы
- ВН
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Hochspannung (1)
-
5 Oberspannung (2)
1
высокое напряжение
-
[IEV number 151-15-05]EN
high voltage (1)
high tension (1)
HV (1), abbreviation
voltage having a value above a conventionally adopted limit
NOTE – An example is the set of upper voltage values used in bulk power systems.
Source: 601-01-27 MOD
[IEV number 151-15-05]FR
haute tension (1), f
2
HT (1), abréviation
tension électrique de valeur supérieure à une limite adoptée par convention
NOTE – Un exemple est l'ensemble des tensions les plus élevées utilisées dans les réseaux de production-transport d'énergie électrique.
Source: 601-01-27 MOD
[IEV number 151-15-05]высокое напряжение
-EN
High Voltage
HV
systems with nominal voltage in range above 1 000 V a.c. and up to and including 15 kV a.c.
NOTE This definition differs from the conventional definition.
[IEC/PAS 60092-510, ed. 1.0 (2009-04)]FR
-
Синонимы
- ВН
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Oberspannung (2)
-
6 Sicherung
плавкий предохранитель
Коммутационный аппарат, который посредством плавления одного или нескольких своих специально спроектированных и калиброванных элементов размыкает цепь, в которую он включен, и отключает ток, когда он превышает заданную величину в течение достаточного времени. Плавкий предохранитель содержит все части, образующие укомплектованный аппарат.
МЭК 60050(441-18-01).
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]
плавкий предохранитель
Аппарат, который вследствие расплавления одного или нескольких специально спроектированных и рассчитанных элементов размыкает цепь, в которую он включен, отключая ток, превышающий заданное значение в течение достаточно продолжительного времени. В состав плавкого предохранителя входят все части, образующие аппарат в комплекте
[ ГОСТ Р 50339. 0-2003 ( МЭК 60269-1-98)]
предохранитель
Коммутационный электрический аппарат, предназначенный для отключения защищаемой цепи посредством разрушения специально предусмотренных для этого токоведущих частей под действием тока, превышающего определенную величину.
[ ГОСТ 17703-72]
предохранитель
Устройство для разрыва электрических цепей при силе тока, превышающей допустимое значение
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]EN
fuse
a device that by the fusing of one or more of its specially designed and proportioned components, opens the circuit in which it is inserted by breaking the current when this exceeds a given value for a sufficient time. The fuse comprises all the parts that form the complete device
[IEV number 441-18-01 ]FR
fusible
coupe-circuit à fusibles
appareil dont la fonction est d'ouvrir par la fusion d'un ou de plusieurs de ses éléments conçus et calibrés à cet effet le circuit dans lequel il est inséré en coupant le courant lorsque celui-ci dépasse pendant un temps suffisant une valeur donnée. Le fusible comprend toutes les parties qui constituent l'appareil complet
[IEV number 441-18-01 ]Настоящий стандарт распространяется на плавкие предохранители на номинальный ток от 2 до 2500 А, номинальное напряжение переменного тока до 1000 В и постоянного тока до 1200 В, устанавливаемые в комплектные устройства и предназначенные для защиты при перегрузках и коротких замыканиях силовых и вспомогательных цепей электроустановок промышленных предприятий, общественных и жилых зданий, изготовляемые для нужд народного хозяйства и экспорта и номинальное напряжение до 3000 В для защиты полупроводниковых устройств.
3.2.14. Предохранители должны быть сконструированы таким образом, чтобы отключать электрическую цепь при токах отключения в пределах: от условного тока плавления — для предохранителей с плавкими вставками типов g и gR или от наименьшего тока отключения, установленного в стандартах или технических условиях на предохранители конкретных серий и типов, для предохранителей с плавкими вставками типов а и aR — до наибольшего тока отключения
[ ГОСТ 17242-86]... токи, при которых проводят испытания, предназначенные для проверки способности данного плавкого предохранителя срабатывать удовлетворительно в диапазоне малых сверхтоков.
[ ГОСТ Р 50339.0-2003]... Если неисправность заканчивается срабатыванием плавкого предохранителя или если плавкий предохранитель не срабатывает примерно в течение 1 с, то...
[ ГОСТ Р 52319-2005]ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ И ХАРАКТЕНИСТИКИ ПРЕДОХРАНИТЕЛЕЙ
(взято из ГОСТ 17242-86)-
Для держателя (или основания) предохранителя:
- номинальное напряжение;
- номинальный ток;
- род тока и номинальная частота для переменного тока;
- допустимые потери мощности;
- число полюсов, если их более одного.
-
Для плавкой вставки:
- номинальное напряжение;
- номинальный ток;
- род тока и номинальная частота для переменного тока;
- потери мощности;
- время-токовые характеристики с указанием коэффициентов K1 и K2 для плавких вставок типа а;
- перегрузочная способность;
- диапазон токов отключения;
- наибольшая отключающая способность;
- наименьший ток отключения для плавких вставок типа а;
- характеристика пропускаемого тока;
- характеристики интегралов Джоуля;
- перенапряжение и характеристика перенапряжения для плавких вставок типов aR и gR;
- условия селективности (при необходимости);
- электрическое сопротивление плавкой вставки в холодном состоянии (допускается указать в рабочих чертежах, утвержденных в установленном порядке).
-
Для предохранителя:
- степень защиты по ГОСТ 14255—69;
- номинальное напряжение, номинальный ток и коммутационная способность свободных контактов (при их наличии).
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Check to make sure that fuse F1 on power supply module V is not fused.
If the fuse is defective, it should not be replaced without determining the cause of failure.
If a fuse is replaced without eliminating the problem, there is the danger that the damage will spread.
[Schneider Electric]Убедитесь в исправности предохранителя F1 в модуле питания V.
Если предохранитель оказался неисправным, то прежде чем заменить его необходимо установить причину возникновения неисправности.
Замена предохранителя без выяснения причины его срабатывания может привести к повторению срабатывания.
[Перевод Интент]High voltage system may embrace a fuse.
Note that a fuse may not be manually adjusted as the circuit breaker relay does so the fuse choice for the appropriate purpose/circuit adaptation is deemed most important.
[LS Industrial Systems]Высоковольтная система < электропитания> может содержать предохранители.
Обратите внимание! Предохранитель нельзя настроить, как это можно сделать с расцепителем автоматического выключателя. Поэтому предохранитель необходимо выбрать так, чтобы он как можно точнее соотвествовал конкретным условиям защиты аппарата или участка цепи.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
Действия
- защищать при перегрузках и коротких замыканиях
- отключать электрическую цепь
- срабатывание предохранителя
Синонимы
EN
- cutoff
- electric fuse
- fu
- fuse
- fuse switch
- fusible cutout
- fusible plug
- fusible switch
- plug fuse
- protective fuse
- safety cutoff
- safety fuse
- safety plug
- SF
- thermal fuse
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Sicherung
-
Для держателя (или основания) предохранителя:
-
7 momentaner Auslösestrom (eines Leistungsschalters)
ток мгновенного расцепления Ii
Значение тока, выше которого автоматический выключатель для электрооборудования должен автоматически сработать (без намеренной выдержки времени) в течение менее 0,1 с.
[ ГОСТ Р 50031-99( МЭК 60934-93)]
ток мгновенного расцепления
Минимальное значение тока, вызывающее срабатывание выключателя без выдержки времени
[ ГОСТ Р 50345-99( МЭК 60898-95)]EN
instantaneous tripping current (of a circuit-breaker)
the value of current above which the circuit-breaker will operate automatically without intentional time-delay
[IEV number 442-05-46]FR
courant de déclenchement instantané (d'un disjoncteur)
Примечание
valeur du courant au-dessus de laquelle le fonctionnement automatique d'un disjoncteur a lieu sans temporisation intentionnelle
[IEV number 442-05-46]
Более подробно о токе мгновенного расцепления см. " защитная характеристика автоматического выключателя"
Параллельные тексты EN-RUIn addition, the core loss decreases attractive force, which leads to increase of instantaneous trip current.
[LS Industrial Systems]Кроме того, потери в магнитной системе уменьшают силу притяжения, что приводит к увеличению тока мгновенного расцепления.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
Синонимы
- Ii
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > momentaner Auslösestrom (eines Leistungsschalters)
-
8 Wirtschaftsstruktur
экономическая структура
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
economic structure
The underlying framework, including transportation and communications systems, industrial facilities, education and technology, that enables a country or region to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. (Source: MGHME / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Wirtschaftsstruktur
См. также в других словарях:
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