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  • 121 οἰκουμένη

    οἰκουμένη, ης, ἡ (the pres. fem. part. pass. of οἰκέω; sc. γῆ. Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb.).
    ① the earth as inhabited area, exclusive of the heavens above and nether regions, the inhabited earth, the world (Ps 23:1 and often; Iren., Orig., Hippol., Did., Theoph. Ant.): πάσας τ. βασιλείας τ. οἰκουμένης Lk 4:5. Cp. 21:26; Ro 10:18 (Ps 18:5); Hb 1:6 (but s. FSchierse, Verheissung u. Heilsvollendung ’55: ‘heavenly realm’). ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth (Diod S 12, 2, 1 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην; EpArist 37.—Diod S 3, 64, 6 and Jos., Bell. 7, 43 πᾶσα ἡ οἰκ.) Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14; GJs 4:1. W. πᾶσα as qualifier AcPl Ha 9, 5. οἱ κατὰ τὴν οἰκ. ἄνθρωποι PtK 15:20. αἱ κατὰ τὴν οἰκ. ἐκκλησίαι the congregations throughout the world MPol 5:1; cp. 8:1; 19:2.
    ② the world as administrative unit, the Roman Empire (in the hyperbolic diction commonly used in ref. to emperors, the Rom. Emp. equalled the whole world [as e.g. Xerxes’ empire: Ael. Aristid. 54 p. 675 D., and of Cyrus: Jos., Ant. 11, 3]: OGI 666, 4; 668, 5 τῷ σωτῆρι κ. εὐεργέτῃ τῆς οἰκουμένης [Nero]; 669, 10; SIG 906 A, 3f τὸν πάσης οἰκουμένης δεσπότην [Julian]; cp. Artapanus: 726 Fgm. 3, 22 Jac., in Eus., PE 9, 27, 22: God as ὁ τῆς οἰκ. δεσπότης; POxy 1021, 5ff; Sb 176, 2.—Cp. 1 Esdr 2:2; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 16; Jos., Bell. 4, 656, Ant. 19, 193; Just., A I, 27, 2; Ath. 1, 1)
    ⓐ as such Ac 24:5 (as Jos., Ant. 12, 48 πᾶσι τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην Ἰουδαίοις, except that οἰκ. here is used in the sense of 1 above as surface area. Cp. PLond VI, 1912, 100).
    ⓑ its inhabitants 17:6.—GAalders, Het Romeinsche Imperium en het NT ’38.
    ③ all inhabitants of the earth, fig. extension of 1 (cp. γῆ): world, humankind Ac 17:31 (cp. Ps 9:9; Artapanus: 726 Fgm. 3:22 Jac., God as ὁ τῆς οἰκ. δεσπότης); 19:27. Of Satan: ὁ πλανῶν τὴν οἰκ. ὅλην who deceives all humankind Rv 12:9. The passage ἐξῆλθεν δόγμα παρὰ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην (cp. κόσμον … πάντα LBW II, 1192, 6) Lk 2:1 belongs here also. For the evangelist considers it of great importance that the birth of the world’s savior coincided w. another event that also affected every person in the ‘world’. But it can also be said of Augustus that he ruled the οἰκ., because the word is used also in the sense of 2 above. For connection of the birth of a ruler with the fortunes of humanity s. IPriene 105, 4–11 on the significance of the birth of Caesar Augustus.
    ④ an extraordinary use: τὴν οἰκ. ἔκτισας 1 Cl 60:1, where οἰκ. seems to mean the whole world (so far as living beings inhabit it, therefore the realm of transcendent beings as well). S. Johnston s.v. κόσμος.—Also ἡ οἰκ. ἡ μέλλουσα Hb 2:5=ὁ μέλλων αἰών (6:5); JMeier, Biblica 66, ’85, 504–33; s. αἰών 2b.—JKaerst, Die antike Idee der Oekumene 1903; JVogt, Orbis terrarum 1929; MPaeslack, Theologia Viatorum II, ’50, 33–47.—GHusson, ΟΙΚΙΑ: Le vocabulaire de la maison privée en Égypte d’après les papyrus Grecs ’83; Pauly-W. XVII 2123–74; Kl. Pauly IV 254–56; B. 13.—DELG s.v. οἶκο C. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οἰκουμένη

  • 122 οἴκημα

    οἴκημα, ατος, τό (οἰκέω; Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 21, 29f [Stone p. 8]; Philo, Vi. Cont. 25; Joseph.).
    ① an individual room in a dwelling, room, apartment (Hdt. 1, 9; 10; Menand., Sam. 19; Diod S 1, 92, 6; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 24 §98; Jos., Ant. 8, 134; 137; 14, 455; TestAbr A) οἰκήματα μάταια rooms that will pass away Hs 1:1.
    ② a room within a prison complex or a separate dwelling used for detention, quarters (Thu. 4, 47, 3 and 4, 48, 1 of a large building used for temporary detention; Demosth. 32, 29 used euphemistically of a cell; Lucian, Tox. 29 of stifling quarters within a prison; Plut., Agis 803–4 [19, 5; 8; 9]; Aelian, VH 6, 1) φῶς ἔλαμψεν ἐν τῷ οἰκ. a light shone in (Peter’s) cell Ac 12:7 the usage here is not necessarily euphemistic (pace Haenchen ad loc) for this is one room or cell in a larger detention complex termed φυλακή (vs. 6); apparently the light shines only in Peter’s space.—DELG s.v. οἶκο C. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οἴκημα

  • 123 οὗτος

    οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο (Hom.+) demonstrative pron., used as adj. and subst. On its use s. B-D-F §290 al.; W-S. §23; Rob. 697–706; Mlt-Turner 192f; cp. Schwyzer II 208–10.
    ① as subst., the person or thing comparatively near at hand in the discourse material, this, this one (contrast ἐκεῖνος referring to someth. comparatively farther away; cp. Lk 18:14; Js 4:15; Hm 3:5)
    ⓐ gener.
    α. w. ref. to someth. here and now, directing attention to it (Appian, Liby. 62 §276 οὗτος=this man here [referring to one who is present; s. Schwyzer II 208]. Cp. Pherecrates Com. 134 K. οὗτος πόθεν ἦλθες;=‘you there, where did you come from?’; cp. ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Aristoph., Vesp. 1364; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 17 [Stone p. 68] οὗτός ἐστιν τῶν τριῶν ἀνδρῶν εἷς ‘he is one of the three men’; TestJob 30:2 οὗτός ἐστιν he’s the one) οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου Mt 3:17; 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 7:44ff; J 1:15, 30; Ac 2:15; 4:10; 2 Pt 1:17 and oft. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου this is my body (s. εἰμί 2cα end) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 (ÉDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’évangile de Luc ’76, 109–21); 1 Cor 11:24. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24.—W. a connotation of contempt (Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 628 D.: ὦ οὗτος=O you poor fellow! Likew. Maximus Tyr. 37, 8d; in refutation Just., D. 39, 4; 128, 2) Lk 5:21; 7:39, 49; 15:30 (Reader, Polemo 325); 22:59; J 6:42, 52. Contexts suggest a related nuance in Mt 13:55f (JosAs 4:13 οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ποιμένος … ;); 21:10; Mk 6:2f; J 7:15. (Other reff. Rob. 697; s. also 2a below.)—Cp. Mt 21:11; Ac 9:21.
    β. w. ref. to someth. that has immediately preceded, this one (who has just been mentioned) Lk 1:32; J 1:2; 6:71; 2 Ti 3:6, 8.—At the beginning of a narrative concerning a pers. already mentioned Mt 3:3; Lk 2:36, 37 v.l., 38 v.l.; 7:12 v.l.; 8:42 v.l.; 16:1; J 1:41; 3:2; 12:21; 21:21a; Ac 21:24; Ro 16:2 v.l.; 1 Cor 7:12 (on the interchange of αὐτή and αὕτη s. B-D-F §277, 3).—Emphasizing a pers. already mentioned this (very) one Mt 21:11; J 9:9; Ac 4:10 (ἐν τούτῳ); 9:20; 1J 5:6; 2 Pt 2:17. καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον and him as the crucified one 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τούτους ἀποτρέπου avoid such people (as I have just described) 2 Ti 3:5. καὶ οὗτος this one (just mentioned) also Hb 8:3 (JosAs 7:3 καὶ αὕτη).
    γ. w. ref. to a subject more remote in the paragraph, but closer to the main referent under discussion (W-S. §23, 2; Rob. 702f) Ac 4:11; 7:19; 2J 7; Jd 7 rebellious angels vs. 6).
    δ. w. ref. to what follows: w. a relative foll. οὗτος ὅς Lk 5:21. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἵτινες 8:15. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐπὶ τὰ πετρώδη σπειρόμενοι, οἳ … these are the ones sowed on the rocky ground, who … Mk 4:16. ταύτην … εἰς ἣν στῆτε 1 Pt 5:12. οὗτοι … ὅπου Mk 4:15 s. ὅπου 1aα.—W. ὅτι foll.: αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις ὅτι J 3:19; cp. 1J 1:5; 5:11, 14.—W. ἵνα foll.: αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ ἐμή, ἵνα J 15:12; cp. 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3; 2J 6ab. τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἔργον, τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα J 6:29, 39f.—W. inf. foll. Js 1:27.—W. ptc. foll. (ApcSed 15:5; Just., D. 2, 1; Mel., P. 68, 486) οὗτος ὁ ἀνοίξας J 11:37. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ τὸν λόγον ἀκούσαντες these are the ones who have heard the word Mk 4:18. ἀδελφοί μου οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ … ἀκούοντες καὶ ποιοῦντες Lk 8:21.—W. subst. foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ νίκη … ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν 1J 5:4.
    ε. Resuming someth. previously mentioned, w. special emphasis—a subst.: Μωϋσῆν, ὸ̔ν ἠρνήσαντο … τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς … Moses, whom they rejected, … is the very one whom God Ac 7:35 (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 16, 10 Δαρεῖος …, οὗτος). τῶν ἀνδρῶν … ἕνα τούτων of the men … one of these (very men) Ac 1:21f. οὐ τὰ τέκνα τ. σαρκὸς ταῦτα τέκνα τ. θεοῦ Ro 9:8; cp. vs. 6. ἕκαστος ἐν τῇ κλήσει ᾗ ἐκλήθη, ἐν ταύτῃ μενέτω in this (very one) 1 Cor 7:20. Cp. J 10:25; Ac 2:23; 4:10; Ro 7:10; Gal 3:7.—A relative clause: ὸ̔ς ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος … Mt 5:19.—Mk 3:35; 6:16; Lk 9:24b, 26; J 3:26; Ro 8:30. διʼ ἧς σαρκὸς … διὰ ταύτης AcPl Ha 2, 15. ὸ̔ …, τοῦτο Ac 3:6; Ro 7:15f, 19f; Gal 6:7. ἃ …, ταῦτα J 8:26; Gal 5:17b; Phil 4:9; 2 Ti 2:2. ὅστις …, οὗτος Mt 18:4. ἅτινα …, ταῦτα Phil 3:7. ὅσοι …, οὗτοι Ro 8:14; Gal 6:12.—A ptc.: ὁ ὑπομείνας, οὗτος σωθήσεται Mt 10:22.—13:20, 22; 24:13; 26:23; Mk 12:40; Lk 9:48; J 6:46; 15:5; Ac 15:38; 1 Cor 6:4.—After εἴ τις Ro 8:9; 1 Cor 3:17; 8:3; Js 1:23; 3:2.—ὅσα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ, ὅσα σεμνά, ὅσα … (ὅσα six times altogether), εἴ τις ἀρετὴ καὶ εἴ τις ἔπαινος, ταῦτα λογίζεσθε Phil 4:8.—After ἐάν τις J 9:31. After ὅταν Ro 2:14. After καθώς J 8:28.—After the articular inf. εἰ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο … Phil 1:22.
    ζ. used w. αὐτός: αὐτὸς οὗτος he himself Ac 25:25. Pl. 24:15, 20. On αὐτὸ τοῦτο 2 Pt 1:5 s. αὐτός 1g and Schwyzer II 211.
    η. As a subject, the demonstr. can take on the gender of its predicate (W-S. §23, 5; Rob. 698): τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας Mt 13:38. Cp. Lk 8:14f.—Mt 7:12; Lk 2:12; 8:11; 22:53; J 1:19; Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21); 1 Cor 9:3; Gal 4:24.
    ⓑ In particular, the neut. is used (for the fem. sg. Mk 12:11; Mt 21:42 [both Ps 117:23] s. B-D-F 138, 2)
    α. w. ref. to what precedes: Lk 5:6; J 6:61; Ac 19:17. As the obj. of a verb of saying (Jos., Vi. 291, Ant. 20, 123 al.) Lk 24:40; J 6:6; 7:9; 8:6; 12:33; 18:38 al.—Freq. w. preposition (cp. Johannessohn, Präp. 383 [index]): διὰ τοῦτο cp. διά B 2b. εἰς τοῦτο cp. εἰς 4f. ἐκ τούτου cp. ἐκ 3e (=‘for this reason’ also PRyl 81, 24). ἐν τούτῳ for this reason J 16:30; Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4; 2 Cor 5:2; by this 1J 3:19. ἐπὶ τούτῳ s. ἐπί 18b. μετὰ τοῦτο cp. μετά B 2c. τούτου χάριν (PAmh 130, 6 [I A.D.]; Just., D. 1, 2) Eph 3:14.—The pl. summarizes what precedes: Lk 8:8; 11:27; 24:26; J 5:34; 15:11; 21:24 and oft.—On Midrashic use in Ac, s. EEllis, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 303–12.
    β. w. ref. to what follows, esp. before clauses that express a statement, purpose, result, or condition, which it introduces: τοῦτο λέγω w. direct discourse foll. this is what I mean Gal 3:17; in ellipsis τοῦτο δέ the point is this 2 Cor 9:6; w. ὅτι foll. 1 Cor 1:12. τοῦτό φημι ὅτι 7:29 v.l.; 15:50. τοῦτο γινώσκειν, ὅτι Lk 10:11; 12:39; Ro 6:6; 2 Ti 3:1; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3. (Just., D. 110, 1). λογίζῃ τοῦτο, ὅτι …; Ro 2:3; ὁμολογῶ τοῦτο, ὅτι Ac 24:14. εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι understanding this, that 1 Ti 1:9. τοῦτο ἔχεις, ὅτι Rv 2:6.—W. ἵνα foll.: πόθεν μοι τοῦτο, ἵνα ἔλθῃ ἡ μήτηρ … ; Lk 1:43. Cp. J 6:29, 39.—W. a prep. ἐν τούτῳ, ὅτι Lk 10:20; J 9:30 (v.l. τοῦτο); 1J 3:16, 24; 4:9, 10. περὶ τούτου, ὅτι J 16:19. διὰ τοῦτο, ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that 5:16, 18; 8:47. εἰς τοῦτο, ἵνα J 18:37; Ac 9:21; Ro 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9 al. διὰ τοῦτο, ἵνα 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. ἐν τούτῳ, ἵνα J 15:8; 1J 4:17. ἐν τούτῳ ἐάν J 13:35; 1J 2:3. ἐν τούτῳ, ὅταν 5:2.—Before an inf. τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον 1 Cor 7:37. Cp. 2 Cor 2:1. Before an inf. w. acc. Eph 4:17. Even introducing a foll. subst.: τοῦτο εὐχόμεθα, τὴν ὑμῶν κατάρτισιν 2 Cor 13:9.—On αὐτὸ τοῦτο cp. αὐτός 1g.
    γ. καὶ τοῦτο and at that, and especially (B-D-F §290, 5; 442, 9; W-S. §21, 4; Rob. 1181f) Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα (also Pla. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647) passing over fr. and at that to although (Jos., Ant. 2, 266) Hb 11:12.
    δ. indicating a correspondence: τοῦτο μὲν … τοῦτο δέ sometimes … sometimes, not only … but also (Att.) Hb 10:33 (Tat. 23, 2).
    ε. τοῦτʼ ἔστιν, τουτέστι(ν) (on the orthography s. B-D-F §12, 3; 17) that is or means (B-D-F §132, 2; Rob. 705. S. also εἰμί 2cα) Mt 27:46; Mk 7:2; Ac 1:19; 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 7, 8; Phlm 12. Hb 2:14 al. Cp. Ro 1:12 (w. δέ).
    ζ. An unfavorable connotation (this tone is noticed by Ps.-Demetr. c. 289 in the Κρατερὸν τοῦτον [in Demetrius of Phalerum]) is assumed (after GBernhardy, Wissenschaftl. Syntax der griech. Sprache 1829, 281, by Heinrici; JWeiss; EFascher, V. Verstehen d. NT 1930, 126 al. ad loc.; differently W-S. §23, 9; cp. Rob. 704) καὶ ταῦτά τινες ἦτε and that is the sort of people you were, at least some of you 1 Cor 6:11.
    ② as adj., pert. to an entity perceived as present or near in the discourse, this
    ⓐ coming before a subst. (or subst. expr.) with the article (B-D-F §292; W-S. §23, 10; Rob. 700f) ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι Mt 12:32. Cp. 16:18; 20:12; Mk 9:29; Lk 7:44; J 4:15; Ac 1:11; Ro 11:24; 1 Ti 1:18; Hb 7:1; 1J 4:21; Rv 19:9; 20:14 al. W. a touch of contempt Lk 18:11; cp. 14:30; 15:30 (s. also 1aα).
    ⓑ following the subst. that has the art.: ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων Mt 3:9. Cp. 5:19; Mk 12:16; Lk 11:31; 12:56; J 4:13, 21; Ac 6:13; Ro 15:28; 1 Cor 1:20; 2:6; 11:26; 2 Cor 4:1, 7; 8:6; 11:10; Eph 3:8; 5:32; 2 Ti 2:19; Rv 2:24. (Freq. the position of οὗτος varies, somet. before, somet. after the noun, in mss.; s. the apparatus in Tdf. on the following vv.ll.: Mk 14:30; J 4:20; 6:60; 7:36; 9:24; 21:23 al.) Somet. another adj. stands w. the noun ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης Ac 2:40. ἡ χήρα αὕτη ἡ πτωχή Lk 21:3. Cp. πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 2:19, 51 v.l.
    ⓒ The art. is sometimes lacking: μάθημα τοῦτʼ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν εὑρημένον Dg 5:3. In such case there is no real connection betw. the demonstrative and the noun, but the one or the other belongs to the predicate (B-D-F §292; W-S. §23, 12; Rob. 701f) ταύτην ἐποίησεν ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων J 2:11 (s. 4:54 below). τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἴρηκας 4:18.—So esp. in combination w. numerical statement; the noun without the art. is to be taken as part of the predicate: οὗτος μὴν ἕκτος ἐστίν this is the sixth month Lk 1:36. αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο this was the first census 2:2. τοῦτο πάλιν δεύτερον σημεῖον ἐποίησεν J 4:54 (s. 2:11 above). τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν this is the third day (s. ἄγω 4) Lk 24:21 (Achilles Tat. 7, 11, 2 τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν γέγονεν ἀφανής; Menand., Epitr. 244f S.=68f Kö.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 13, 3). τοῦτο τρίτον ἐφανερώθη this was the third time that he appeared J 21:14. τρίτον τοῦτο ἔρχομαι this will be the third time that I am coming 2 Cor 13:1; cp. 12:14 (cp. Hdt. 5, 76 τέταρτον δὴ τοῦτο; Gen 27:36 δεύτερον τοῦτο.—Num 14:22; Judg 16:15).—More intricate: οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας not many days from now Ac 1:5 (Alciphron 1, 14, 2; Achilles Tat. 7, 14, 2 ὡς ὀλίγων πρὸ τούτων ἡμερῶν; POxy 1121, 12 [295 A.D.]; B-D-F §226; Rob. 702). Most difficult of all περὶ μιᾶς ταύτης φωνῆς Ac 24:21 (cp. POxy 1152, 5 βοήθι ἡμῖν καὶ τούτῳ οἴκῳ. B-D-F §292; W-S. §20, 10c; Rob. 702 ins).—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οὗτος

  • 124 πάσχω

    πάσχω fut. 3 sg. παθεῖται (2 Cl 7:5; v.l. πείσεται; cp. Reinhold p. 74; B-D-F §74, 3), 3 pl. παθοῦνται Hs 8, 10, 4; 2 aor. ἔπαθον; pf. πέπονθα, ptc. πεπονθώς; plpf. 3 pl. ἐπεπόνθεισαν Wsd 18:1 (Hom.+) ‘to experience someth., be treated’ (π. expresses the passive idea corresponding to the active idea in ποιέω) of everything that befalls a person, whether good or ill. Yet its usage developed in such a way that π. came to be used less and less frequently in a good sense, and never thus without some clear indication, at least fr. the context, that the good sense is meant. In our lit. it is found
    ① only once in the sense experience someth. (pleasant) (of one who experiences special blessing, Pind., P. 3, 104 εὖ πασχέμεν, N. 1, 32 εὖ παθεῖν; Antiphanes 252, 2b ἀγαθὸν πάσχει; Diod S 20, 102, 2 εὖ πάσχειν; Dionys. Hal. 7, 51; Plut., Mor. 1110d; Arrian, Ind. 34, 1, Peripl. 2, 4; Jos., Ant. 3, 312; POxy 1855, 8; 10; 14 πάσχω ἀπόκρισιν of favorable information) τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῆ; have you had such remarkable experiences in vain? Gal 3:4 (Procop. Soph., Ep. 18 τοσοῦτον παθών; Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 112 τὸ αὐτὸ πάσχει=he experiences the same thing.—Differently Zahn et al.; in their opinion this pass. belongs to 3b below; in support of their view s. τοσαῦτα παθών Ep. 56 of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 359, 16], but the assoc. w. ἐπιχορηγέω Gal 3:5 suggests receipt of beneficence).—On probability of wordplay (παθεῖν … μαθεῖν) s. Betz, Gal. 134.
    ② Likew. there is only one place in which π. has a neutral mng. Even here the addition of κακῶς gives it an unfavorable connotation: κακῶς πάσχειν be badly off, in an evil plight (Hom et al.; Hdt. 3, 146 et al.; Wsd 18:19; JosAs 7:4; 24:1; Philo, In Flacc. 124, Spec. Leg. 4, 3) Mt 17:15 (v.l. ἔχει).
    ③ In all other places, as always in LXX, in an unfavorable sense suffer, endure.
    ⓐ suffer
    α. abs. (also in the sense suffer death, be killed, [have to] die: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 70 §321; 3, 87 §359; Arrian, Anab. 6, 10, 3; Paroem. Gr.: Zenob. 4, 60 the crow ἔπαθε from the scorpion’s poison; Herodian 1, 17, 7; Just., D. 52, 3; Mel., P. 8, 65; sim. Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 17 G-B.[=D.3] ἤν τι πάθῃ=‘if he fell’; Demosth. 4, 11f; Straton of Lamps., Fgm. 10 [in Diog. L. 5, 61] ἐάν τι πάσχω=‘if anything happens to me’; Diod S 13, 98, 2; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 8, 3; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 238; Jos., Ant. 15, 65; 18, 352; CB I/2, 391 no. 254; Iren. 1, 3, 3 [Harv. I, 27, 1]) πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν before I suffer Lk 22:15. Cp. 24:46; Ac 1:3; 3:18; 17:3; 1 Cor 12:26; Hb 2:18 (on ἐν ᾧ s. ἐν 7); 9:26; 1 Pt 2:20, 23; 3:17; B 7:2a; Hs 8, 10, 4. The expr. γῆ πάσχουσα B 6:9 seems to transfer the philosoph. concept of suffering matter to the γῆ (Hefele, Hilgenfeld, Veil): earth capable of suffering (Goodsp.), earth capable of being molded into a human being (Kleist, note ad loc.).
    β. w. additions: ὑπό τινος at the hands of someone denotes the one who caused the suffering (Antiphon Orat., Fgm. 34; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 134 D.; PAmh 78, 4; Jos., Bell. 5, 19, Ant. 10, 92; Mel., P. 75, 546ff; B-D-F §315) Mt 17:12 (s. also b below). Also ὑπὸ χειρός τινος B 5:5b (cp. Mel., Fgm. 7 ὑπὸ δεξιᾶ Ἰσραηλίτιδος). ὑπέρ τινος for someone or someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 15 §63 π. ὑπέρ τινος=suffer for someone; Just., D. 121, 2 ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ ἀρνεῖσθαι αὐτόν as military metaphor: EKrentz, in Origins and Method, JHurd Festschr. ’93, 126) Phil 1:29; 2 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 2:21 (περί τινος v.l.), ὑπὲρ τ. ὀνόματος τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 9, 28, 2a. ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας, ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτωλῶν MPol 17:2. ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ISm 7:1. Also περί τινος (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 29 p. 415, 29 Jac. περὶ τῶν διαδόχων αὐτοῦ ἅπαν … παθεῖν) περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν 1 Pt 3:18 (v.l. ἀπέθανεν). περι τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν B 5:5a. διά w. acc. for the sake of: διὰ δικαιοσύνην 1 Pt 3:14. διὰ τὸ ὄνομα (αὐτοῦ) Pol 8:2; Hv 3, 2, 1; Hs 9, 28, 3. διʼ ἡμᾶς B 7:2b. διὰ τὸν θεόν Hs 9, 28, 6a. εἵνεκα or ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματος v 3, 1, 9; 3, 5, 2; Hs 9, 28, 5; 6b. κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Pt 4:19. ἔξω τῆς πύλης Hb 13:12. ἐπὶ ξύλου on the tree B 5:13b.—Used w. an instrumental (?) dat.: αἰκίαις καὶ βασάνοις π. 1 Cl 6:1 v.l. πολλαῖς πράξεσι Hs 6, 3, 4. W. dat. to denote manner (B-D-F §198) π. σαρκί suffer in the body 1 Pt 4:1ab (in b v.l. ἐν σαρκί).—Used w. an adverb: ἀδίκως 1 Pt 2:19. ἀληθῶς ISm 2b. δικαίως (TestSim 4:3; Just., D. 110, 6) Hs 6, 3, 6a. ἡδέως 8, 10, 4. προθύμως 9, 28, 2b and 4. οὕτω GPt 4:13; B 5:13a. ὀλίγον (s. ὀλίγος 2bβ) 1 Pt 5:10. τὸ δοκεῖν (δοκέω 2aα) in semblance, seemingly ITr 10; ISm 2c.—ὡς φονεύς undergo punishment (cp. SIG 1016, 7 π. ὡς ἱερόσυλος) as a murderer 1 Pt 4:15.
    ⓑ endure, undergo τί someth. (Orig., C. Cels. 7, 13, 7; π. καταστροφήν; Did., Gen. 232, 11; Theoph. Ant. 2, 23 [p. 156, 6]) παθήματα π. endure sufferings 2 Cor 1:6 (ὧν by attraction of the rel. fr. ἅ; sim. Iren. 1, 8, 2 [Harv. I 70, 4]). αἰκίσματα 1 Cl 6:2. πολλὰ π. (Jos., Ant. 13, 268; 403) Mt 27:19; Mk 8:31; 9:12; Lk 9:22 (s. further below); 17:25; B 7:11; AcPl Ha 8, 19. τὰ ὅμοιά τινι the same things as someone Ox 840, 3. οὐδὲν κακόν suffer no harm Ac 28:5. οὐδὲν τῶν πονηρῶν Hs 6, 3, 6b. ὡς οὐδὲν πεπονθώς as if nothing had happened to him MPol 8:3 (cp. TestJob 47:7 ὡς οὐδὲν ὅλως πεπονθώς). ταῦτα Lk 13:2; 24:26; 2 Ti 1:12; 1 Cl 45:5. τί παθεῖται; what will he have to endure? 2 Cl 7:5 (πάσχειν τι=endure punishment, as Pla., Leg. 10, 1, 885ab). μὴ φοβοῦ ἃ μελλεις πάσχειν do not be afraid of what you are about to undergo Rv 2:10. W. attraction ἔμαθεν ἀφʼ ὧν ἔπαθεν τὴν ὑπακοήν= ἔμαθεν τὴν ὑπακοὴν ἀπὸ τούτων ἃ ἔπαθεν he learned obedience from what he endured (i.e. despite his being God’s son, Jesus experienced suffering as the medium for exhibiting the ultimate extent of his obedience) Hb 5:8 (for the consonance or wordplay s. the reff. cited s.v. μανθάνω 3). π. τι ὑπό τινος endure someth. at someone’s hands (X., Hiero 7, 8, Symp. 1, 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 209; 12, 401; s. 3aβ above) Mk 5:26; 1 Th 2:14; B 7:5. Also π. τι ἀπό τινος (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 11; Lucian, D. Deor. 6, 4; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 27, 5) Mt 16:21; perh. Lk 9:22. π. τι ἕνεκά τινος endure someth. for someone’s sake 2 Cl 1:2. Also π. τι διά τινα ISm 2a (Just., D. 117, 3; Mel., P. 59, 435). ὅσα δεῖ αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου παθεῖν Ac 9:16 (π. τι ὑπέρ τινος as Jos., Ant. 13, 199).—WWichmann, D. Leidenstheologie, e. Form der Leidensdeutung im Spätjudentum 1930; HVondran, D. Leidensgedanke im Spiegel d. Selbstbewusstseins Jesu: NKZ 43, ’32, 257–75; RLiechtenhan, D. Überwindung d. Leidens b. Pls. u. in d. zeitgen. Stoa: ZTK n.s. 3, 1922, 368–99; WMichaelis, Herkunft u. Bed. des Ausdrucks ‘Leiden u. Sterben J. Chr.’ ’45; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré, ’47, 314–17 (Le Messie Souffrant …); ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht (Sühntod Jesu Christi), ’55; EGüttgemanns, D. leidende Apostel, ’66.—K Schelkle, Die Passion Jesu etc., ’49; JGreen, The Death of Jesus ’88; RBrown, The Death of the Messiah, 2 vols. ’94; ACollins, From Noble Death to Crucified Messiah, NTS 40, ’94, 481–503; on alleged anti-Judaism in Luke’s passion narrative, s. HMerkel, NTS 40, ’94, 394–95 (lit.).—Schmidt, Syn. I 424–441. DELG. M-M. EDNT. DLNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πάσχω

  • 125 πιστεύω

    πιστεύω (Trag.+) impf. ἐπίστευον; 1 aor. ἐπίστευσα; pf. πεπίστευκα; plpf. πεπιστεύκειν Ac 14:23 (on the omission of the augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.: fut. 3 pl. πιστευθήσονται Gen 42, 20; 1 aor. ἐπιστεύθην; pf. πεπίστευμαι (the word does not occur in Phlm, 2 Pt, 2 and 3J, Rv, MPol, or D. But it is a special favorite of J and 1J, where it is found 96 times and 9 times respectively; πίστις is not found in the gospel at all, and occurs in 1J only once, 5:4. Our lit. uses it quite predominantly in a transcendent sense, or at least w. transcendent coloring).
    ① to consider someth. to be true and therefore worthy of one’s trust, believe
    ⓐ believe (in) someth., be convinced of someth., w. that which one believes (in) indicated
    α. by acc. of thing (Soph., Oed. Rex 646 τάδε; Aristot., Analyt. Pr. 2, 23, 68b, 13 ἅπαντα; PSI 494, 14 μηθέν; UPZ 70, 29 [152/151 B.C.] π. τὰ ἐνύπνια; ApcEsdr 7:12 p. 32, 26 τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο) ἡ ἀγάπη πάντα πιστεύει 1 Cor 13:7. πεπιστεύκαμεν τὴν ἀγάπην we believe in the love 1J 4:16. πιστεύεις τοῦτο; J 11:26b. Cp. Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5). Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τὸ μαρτύριον ἡμῶν our testimony was believed 2 Th 1:10b (cp. Aristot., EN 10, 2 p. 1172b, 15 ἐπιστεύοντο οἱ λόγοι; Gen 42:20).
    β. by means of a ὅτι-clause believe that (Plut., Mor. 210d; Aelian, VH 1, 16 p. 8, 9; Herm. Wr. 4, 4: Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24; PLond III, 897, 12 p. 207 [I A.D.]; Tob 10:8 S; Job 9:16; 15:31; 39:12; La 4:12; 4 Macc 7:19; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 18 [Stone p. 48]; ParJer 6:7; Just., A I, 18, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 16) μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα ὅτι ἔσται τελείωσις Lk 1:45 (ὅτι here may=for: s. ὅτι 4b).—Mk 11:23; cp. vs. 24; J 8:24 (ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι as Is 43:10); 11:27, 42; 13:19; 14:10; 16:27, 30; 17:8, 21; 20:31a; Ac 9:26; Ro 6:8; 10:9; 1 Th 4:14; Hb 11:6; Js 2:19a; 1J 5:1, 5; Hv 3, 8, 4; 4, 2, 4; m 1:1; 6, 2, 10b; Hs 2:5.—[ὅτι εἷς θεός] καὶ εἷς χριστός AcPl Ha 1, 17; AcPlCor 1:8. π. περί τινος ὅτι believe concerning someone that J 9:18 (M. Ant. 1, 15, 5 πιστεύειν περὶ ὧν λέγοι ὅτι οὕτως φρονεῖ=believe concerning whatever he might say, that it was what he actually thought; Just., D. 10, 1 π. ἡμῶν• ὅτι ἐσθίομεν ἀνθρώπους.—π. περί τινος as Plut., Lyc. 19, 4; Jos., Ant. 14, 267).
    γ. by the acc. and inf. (pres. Pla., Gorg. 524a; PTebt 314, 3 [II A.D.]; 4 Macc 5:25; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 160; Just., A I, 8, 2 al.; Ath. 20, 3) πιστεύω τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ac 8:37b.—GMary 463, 8.—IRo 10:2.—By the inf. (Thu 2, 22, 1; Job 15:22; AscIs 2:10 εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀναβῆναι) πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11 (difft. JNolland, NTS 27, ’80, 112f [inf. of result: ‘we believe (in order) to be saved’]).—By the acc. and ptc. ἐν σαρκὶ αὐτὸν πιστεύω ὄντα I believe that he was in the flesh ISm 3:1.
    δ. by means of the dat. of thing give credence to, believe (Aeschyl., Pers. 786 θεῶν θεσφάτοισιν; Soph., Phil. 1374 τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις, El. 886; Pla., Phd. 88c, Leg. 7, 798d; Polyb. 5, 42, 9; 9, 33, 1; Herodian 7, 5, 5 ἐλπίδι κρείττονι; BGU 674, 6 τῷ λόγῳ; 2 Ch 9:6 τοῖς λόγοις; Ps 105:24; Pr 14:15; Sir 19:15; En 104:13 ταῖς βίβλοις; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 τοῖς κενοῖς λογισμοῖς, Virt. 68 the sayings of God; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 286, Ant. 10, 39 τ. λόγοις; Tat. 18, 2 ὕλης οἰκονομία; Ath. 30, 2 ταῖς γοναῖς τοῦ Διό; Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 4] ἡ ἐκκλησία … π. τούτοις [sc. κήρυγμα and πίστις]) οὐκ ἐπίστευσας τοῖς λόγοις μου Lk 1:20 (cp. Iambl., ViPyth. 28, 148 περὶ θεῶν μηδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἀπιστεῖν ‘concerning the gods nothing is so marvelous that it should occasion unbelief’). τῇ γραφῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ J 2:22. Cp. 4:50; 5:47ab. τοῖς γεγραμμένοις Ac 24:14 (Diod S 16, 52, 7 πιστεύσαντες τοῖς γεγραμμένοις). τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 11:1 (Diod S 1, 53, 10 τῇ τοῦ προρρήσει πιστεύειν; 19, 90, 3). τῷ ψεύδει, τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 2 Th 2:11, 12. τῇ καταλαλιᾷ Hm 2:2. τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν (Is 53:1; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 14 π. ἀκοῇ πρεσβυτέρων) J 12:38; Ro 10:16; 1 Cl 16:3. τοῖς ἔργοις J 10:38b (=their testimony); Hm 6, 2, 10a (that they are good and must be followed).—Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τῷ λόγῳ μου they believed my word Hm 3:3.
    ε. w. prepositional expressions: εἰς Ro 4:18, if εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτόν here is dependent on ἐπίστευσεν. πιστεύειν εἰς τὴν μαρτυρίαν believe in the witness 1J 5:10c. ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς οὐκ εἰς Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ἐπίστευσεν the Christian way of life/Christianity did not commit itself to the Judean way/Judaism (s. Hdb. ad loc.) I Mg 10:3a; cp. b (Χριστιανισμόν, εἰς ὸ̔ν πᾶσα γλῶσσα πιστεύσασα). On πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄνομά τινος s. 2aβ below. πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ believe in the gospel (so Ps 105:12 ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ. Rather in the sense ‘put one’s trust in’ Sir 32:21 μὴ πιστεύσῃς ἐν ὁδῷ ἀπροσκόπῳ. See B-D-F §187, 6; Rob. 540. ALoisy, Les Évangiles synopt. I 1907, 430; 434; comm.) Mk 1:15 (Hofmann understands it as ‘on the basis of’, Wohlenberg ‘bei’; Lohmeyer is undecided; Dssm. and Mlt. 67f ‘in the sphere of’; s. p. 235). ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ οὐ πιστεύω IPhld 8:2 (s. Bihlmeyer ad loc.).—ἐπί τινι: πιστεύειν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐλάλησαν οἱ προφῆται Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33 (Is 28:16).
    ⓑ w. the pers. to whom one gives credence or whom one believes, in the dat. (Demosth. 18, 10; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 14 p. 1390a, 32; Polyb. 15, 26, 6 τοῖς εἰδόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Herodian 2, 1, 10; PHib 72, 18; POxy 898, 29; PTebt 418, 15; Ex 4:1, 5; 3 Km 10:7; 2 Ch 32:15; Tob 2:14; Jer 47:14; JosAs 13:10; Philo, Praem. 49; Just., A I, 33, 5, D 7, 2 al.) τοῖς θεασαμένοις αὐτὸν ἐγηγερμένον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they did not believe those who saw him after he was raised from the dead Mk 16:14. Cp. Mt 21:25, 32abc; Mk 11:31; 16:13; Lk 20:5; J 5:46a; Ac 8:12; 26:27a (τ. προφήταις as Jos., Ant. 11, 96); 1J 4:1; Hm 6, 1, 2ab.—Also of Jesus and God whom one believes, in that one accepts their disclosures without doubt or contradiction: Jesus: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 5:38, 46b; 6:30; 8:45, 46; 10:37, 38a. God: J 5:24; Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6), 17 κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ (= κατέναντι θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστευσεν); Gal 3:6; Js 2:23; 1 Cl 10:6 (all three Gen 15:6). ὁ μὴ πιστεύων τῷ θεῷ ψεύστην πεποίηκεν αὐτόν 1J 5:10b. AcPl Ha 3, 7.
    ⓒ w. pers. and thing added π. τινί τι believe someone with regard to someth. (X., Apol. 15 μηδὲ ταῦτα εἰκῇ πιστεύσητε τῷ θεῷ) Hm 6, 2, 6.—W. dat. of pers. and ὅτι foll. (ApcEsdr 4:35 p. 29, 12 Tdf.): πιστεύετέ μοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί J 14:11a. Cp. 4:21; Ac 27:25.
    ⓓ abs. (in which case the context supplies the obj., etc.; cp. ParJer 7:19 γέγονε δὲ τοῦτο, ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν) ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ• ἰδοὺ ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, μὴ πιστεύσητε do not believe (him or it [the statement]) Mt 24:23; cp. vs. 26; Mk 13:21; Lk 22:67; J 3:12ab; 10:25f; 12:47 v.l.; 14:29; 16:31; 19:35; 20:8, 25; cp. GJs 19:3. J 20:29ab πιστεύσαντες those who have nevertheless believed (it=the fact of the Resurrection); Ac 4:4; 26:27b; 1 Cor 11:18 πιστεύω I believe (it=that there are divisions among you); 15:11; Js 2:19b even the daemons believe this; Jd 5. Pass. καρδίᾳ πιστεύεται with (or in) the heart men believe (it=that Jesus was raised fr. the dead) Ro 10:10.
    ⓔ believe = let oneself be influenced κατά τινος against someone Pol 6:1.
    ⓕ πιστεύομαι I am believed, I enjoy confidence (X., An. 7, 6, 33; Diod S 5, 80, 4 τοῖς μάλιστα πιστευομένοις ἐπηκολουθήσαμεν; 17, 32, 1; 1 Km 27:12; Jos., Ant. 10, 114; PGM 12, 279 πιστευθήσῃ=you will be believed) of Eve παρθένος πιστεύεται people believe that she is a virgin Dg 12:8, or perh. a virgin is entrusted (to someone without fear). S. 3 below.
    ② to entrust oneself to an entity in complete confidence, believe (in), trust, w. implication of total commitment to the one who is trusted. In our lit. God and Christ are objects of this type of faith that relies on their power and nearness to help, in addition to being convinced that their revelations or disclosures are true. The obj. is
    ⓐ given
    α. in the dat. (cp. Soph., Philoct. 1374 θεοῖς πιστ.; X., Mem. 1, 1, 5; Ps.-Pla., Epinom. 980c πιστεύσας τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχου; Ptolem. Lagi [300 B.C.]: 138 Fgm. 8 Jac.; Maximus Tyr. 3, 8k τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι; Epict., app. E, 10 p. 488 Sch. θεῷ; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 18 πῶς Διονύσῳ πιστεύσω; how can I trust D.?; UPZ 144, 12 [164 B.C.] τ. θεοῖς; Jdth 14:10; Wsd 16:26; 4 Macc 7:21 al. in LXX; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 πιστεύειν θεῷ, Rer. Div. Her. 92 μόνῳ θεῷ, Op. M. 45, Sacr. Abel. 70 τῷ σωτήρι θεῷ, Abr. 269, Mos. 1, 225, Virt. 216 [on faith in Philo s. Bousset, Rel.3 446ff; EHatch, Essays in Biblical Gk. 1889, 83ff; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT4 1927; EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1908, 21925; HWindisch, Die Frömmigkeit Philos 1909, 23ff; HWolfson, Philo ’47 I, 143–56, esp. II, 215–18; WPeisker, D. Glaubensbegriff bei Philon, diss. ’36]; Jos., Ant. 2, 117; 333; 3, 309; 20, 48, Bell. 3, 387 [s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht des Jos. ’32, 104ff]; Just., A I, 18, 6 al.). Some of the passages referred to in 1b above, end, are repeated, since they may be classified here or there w. equal justification. Of God: π. τῷ θεῷ (Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 15) Ac 16:34; 13:12 D; Tit 3:8; PtK 4 p. 16, 2; B 16:7; Hm 12, 6, 2; Hs 5, 1, 5. Cp. m 1:2; AcPl Ha 10, 13f. τῷ κυρίῳ (Sir 11:21; 2:8) Hv 4, 2, 6. οἱ πιστεύσαντες τῷ κυρίῳ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 13, 5. τῷ θεῷ w. ὅτι foll. m 9:7; cp. Hs 1:7.—Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l. (for ἐπʼ αὐτόν); J 6:30 (σοί=vs. 29 εἰς ὸ̔ν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος); J 8:31 (αὐτῷ=vs. 30 εἰς αὐτόν, but see Mlt. 67f; JSwetnam argues for a plpf. sense here: Biblica 61, ’80, 106–9); Ac 5:14; 18:8a (both τῷ κυρίῳ); Ro 10:14b (οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν = τούτῳ [about equivalent to εἰς τοῦτον; cp. vs. 14a] οὗ οὐκ ἤκ.); 2 Ti 1:12; ITr 9:2; Hs 8, 3, 2.—Pass. be believed in (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 8; 6, 1, 39; Pla., Lach. 181b; Ps.-Demosth. 58, 44 al.; 1 Km 27:12; Just., D. 7, 3; Tat. 10, 2. S. B-D-F §312, 1; also s. Rob. 815f) ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Ti 3:16.—π. τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ υἱοῦ believe in the name of the Son, i.e. believe in the Son and accept what his name proclaims him to be 1J 3:23.
    β. w. εἰς (cp. Hippol., Elench. 6, 19, 7 W. οἱ εἰς τὸν Σίμωνα καὶ τὴν Ἑλένην πεπιστευκότες; Just., D. 35, 8 al.) God (BGU 874, 11 π. εἰς τὸν θεόν): J 12:44b; 14:1a (cp. ET 21, 1910, 53–57; 68–70; 138f); 1 Pt 1:21 v.l.=Pol 2:1.—Christ: Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42; J 2:11; 3:15 v.l., 16, 18a, 36; 4:39; 6:29, 35, 40, 47 v.l.; 7:5, 31, 38f, 48; 8:30; 9:35f; 10:42; 11:25, 26a, 45, 48; 12:11, 36 (εἰς τὸ φῶς), 37, 42, 44a, 46; 14:1b, 12; 16:9; 17:20; Ac 10:43; 14:23; 18:8 D; 19:4; Ro 10:14a; Gal 2:16; Phil 1:29; 1 Pt 1:8; 1J 5:10a; AcPlCor 2:31; Hs 8, 3, 2.—εἰς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ (or αὐτοῦ, etc.) J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18c; 1J 5:13 (s. ὄνομα 1dβ and s. 2aα above, end). π. εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ITr 2:1. π. εἰς τὸ αἷμα Χριστοῦ ISm 6:1.
    γ. w. ἐπί and dat., of God Ac 11:17 D. Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 3:15 v.l.; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16); 1 Ti 1:16.
    δ. w. ἐπί and acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 46, 1 al.) of God: Ac 16:34 D; Ro 4:5, 24; PtK 3 p. 15, 12. Of Christ: Mt 27:42; J 3:15 v.l.; Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19.
    ε. π. ἔν τινι believe in someone (Jer 12:6; Da 6:24 Theod.; Ps 77:22) is questionable in our lit.: in J 3:15 the best rdg. is ἐν αὐτῷ and is prob. to be construed w. ἔχῃ (in J πιστεύω usually takes the prep. εἰς when expressing the obj. of belief, as in 3:16); in Eph 1:13 both occurrences of ἐν ᾧ are prob. to be construed w. ἐσφραγίσθητε (=‘in connection with whom you have been sealed’ [cp. 4:30]); the acts of hearing and believing are coordinate, and πιστεύσαντες, along w. ἀκούσαντες, is used abs. (so REB; less clearly NRSV). But s. 1aε above: π. ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ Mk 1:15; IPhld 8:2.
    ⓑ not expressed at all (the abs. πιστεύειν in a transcendent sense: Aeschin., In Ctesiph. 1 ἐγὼ πεπιστευκὼς ἥκω πρῶτον τοῖς θεοῖς; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 17, 1391b, 1ff; Plut., Mor. 170f; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 πιστεῦσαι δεῖ, ὅτι [=because] μόνη σωτηρία ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἐπιστροφή; Herm. Wr. 9, 10ab ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; cp. 1, 32 πιστεύω καὶ μαρτυρῶ=PapBerl 9795 [RReitzenstein, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, p. 161, 2]; Num 20:12; Ps 115:1; Is 7:9; Sir 2:13; 1 Macc 2:59; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 14; 101, Deus Imm. 4, Mut. Nom. 178; τότε πιστεύσεις θέλων καὶ μὴ θέλων Theoph. Ant. 1, 8 [p. 74, 7]) Mk 15:32; 16:16f; Lk 8:12f; J 1:7, 50; 3:15, 18b; 4:41f, 48, 53; 5:44; 6:36, 47, 64ab, perh. 69 (MEnslin, The Perf. Tense in the Fourth Gosp.: JBL 55, ’36, 121–31, esp. 128); 9:38; 10:26; 11:15, 40; 12:39; 20:31b; Ac 4:4; 8:13, 37a; 11:21; 13:12, 39, 48; 14:1; 15:5, 7; 17:12, 34; 18:8b, 27; 19:2; 21:25; Ro 1:16; 3:22; 4:11; 10:4; 13:11; 15:13; 1 Cor 1:21; 3:5; 15:2; Gal 3:22; Eph 1:13, 19; 1 Th 2:10, 13; Hb 4:3; 1 Pt 2:7; 1 Cl 12:7; 2 Cl 17:3; 20:2; B 9:3; B 11:11; ISm 3:2; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 17, 4; 9, 22, 3. τὸ πιστεύειν faith IMg 9:2. ἐν ἀγάπῃ πιστεύειν IPhld 9:2 (ἐν ἀγάπῃ is here used adv.).—Participles in the var. tenses are also used almost subst.: (οἱ) πιστεύοντες (the) believers, (the) Christians (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 34; Did., Gen. 106, 6) Ac 2:44; Ro 3:22; 1 Cor 14:22ab (opp. οἱ ἄπιστοι); 1 Th 1:7; Hs 8, 3, 3. (οἱ) πιστεύσαντες (those) who made their commitment = (those) who became believers, (the) Christians, Ac 2:44 v.l.; 4:32; 2 Th 1:10a; 2 Cl 2:3; Hs 9, 19, 1. οἱ πεπιστευκότες those who became (and remained) believers Ac 19:18; 21:20 (Just., D. 122, 2).—οἱ μέλλοντες πιστεύειν future believers 1 Cl 42:4; Hm 4, 3, 3a. οἱ νῦν πιστεύσαντες those who have just come to believe ibid. 4, 3, 3b.
    ⓒ A special kind of this faith is the confidence that God or Christ is in a position to help suppliants out of their distress, have confidence (some of the passages already mentioned might just as well be classified here) abs. ὡς ἐπίστευσας γενηθήτω σοι may it be done to you in accordance with the confidence you have Mt 8:13. ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσητε πιστεύοντες whatever you pray for with confidence 21:22. Cp. Mk 5:36; 9:23f; Lk 8:50; 2 Cor 4:13a (Ps 115:1), b. W. ὅτι foll.: πιστεύετε ὅτι δύναμαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι; do you have confidence that I am able to do this? Mt 9:28.—Mk 11:23.
    ③ entrust τινί τι someth. to someone (X., Mem. 4, 4, 17; Plut., Mor. 519e; Athen. 8, 341a; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 1; SIG2 845, 7, see for numerous other examples index VI p. 384b. Cp. Wsd 14:5; 1 Macc 8:16; 4 Macc 4:7; TestJob 11:11; Jos., Bell. 4, 492; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 6) τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει; Lk 16:11. αὐτῷ τοσούτων πιστευο̣μ̣έ̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ since so many (or so much) were ( was) entrusted to him AcPl Ha 7, 21 (connection uncertain). αὐτόν (so N. and Tdf.; v.l. ἑαυτόν) τινι trust oneself to someone (Brutus, Ep. 25; Plut., Mor. 181d ἀνδρὶ μᾶλλον ἀγαθῷ πιστεύσας ἑαυτὸν ἢ ὀχυρῷ τόπῳ=entrusting himself to a good man rather than to a stronghold; EpArist 270; Jos., Ant. 12, 396) J 2:24 (EStauffer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 281–99.—Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 39a οὐ τοῖς τυχοῦσι φίλοις ἑαυτὸν ἐπίστευσεν=he did not trust himself to casual friends).—Pass. πιστεύομαί τι (B-D-F §159, 4) I am entrusted with someth. (Pla., Ep. 1, 309a; Polyb. 8, 17, 5; 31, 26, 7; Diod S 20, 19, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 136 §568 ἃ ἐπιστεύθην; ins; pap [e.g. PLond I, 121, 608 p. 203]; Jos., Bell. 5, 567, Vi. 137; Ath. 24, 3. Cp. Esth 8:12e.—Dssm., LO 320f [LAE 379]). ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:2. πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον Gal 2:7 (PGM 13, 140 ὁ ὑπό σου πάντα πιστευθείς; 446); cp. 1 Th 2:4; 1 Ti 1:11.—Tit 1:3. οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι 1 Cor 9:17; cp. Dg 7:1. S. also 7:2; IMg 6:1; IPhld 9:1ab. πιστεύομαί τι παρά τινος I am entrusted by someone with someth. (Polyb. 3, 69, 1; Jos., Bell. 1, 667): οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο 1 Cl 43:1.
    ④ be confident about, a unique use found in ὸ̔ς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα, someth. like the one is confident about eating anything Ro 14:2 (a combination of two ideas: ‘the pers. is so strong in the faith’ and: ‘the pers. is convinced that it is permissible to eat anything’; in brief: not cultically fussy. See Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but also B-D-F §397, 2). Another probability is the sense
    ⑤ think/consider (possible), in Ro 14:2 perh. holds everything possible; cp. J 9:18 οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they refused to entertain the possibility, and Ac 9:26. S. 4 above.—For lit. s. πίστις, end. DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

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  • 126 προσκυνέω

    προσκυνέω (κυνέω ‘to kiss’) impf. προσεκύνουν; fut. προσκυνήσω; 1 aor. προσεκύνησα (Trag., Hdt.+. Freq. used to designate the custom of prostrating oneself before persons and kissing their feet or the hem of their garment, the ground, etc.; the Persians did this in the presence of their deified king, and the Greeks before a divinity or someth. holy.) to express in attitude or gesture one’s complete dependence on or submission to a high authority figure, (fall down and) worship, do obeisance to, prostrate oneself before, do reverence to, welcome respectfully, in Attic Gk., and later (e.g. Appian, Mithrid. 104 §489), used w. the acc. (so Mt 4:10 and Lk 4:8 [Dt 6:13 v.l.]; J 4:22ab, 23b, 24a; Rv 9:20.—Gen 37:9; Ex 11:8; Judg 7:15 A; pseudepigr.; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 239, Ant. 2, 13; 7, 250; Just.; Tat.; Mel., P. 92, 690; Ath.); beside it the Koine uses the dat. (Phryn. p. 463 Lob.; JWittmann, Sprachl. Untersuchungen zu Cosmas Indicopl., diss. Munich 1913, 16; KWolf, Studien z. Sprache des Malalas II, diss. Munich 1912, 34; GKilpatrick in: Studies and Documents 29, ’67, 154–56; B-D-F §151, 2; Rob. 455; 476f), which the LXX (s. also JosAs; ApcMos 27:33) and our lit. prefer (s. also EpArist 135; Jos., Ant. 6, 55; Just., D. 30, 3; 78, 9; 88, 1.—Jos., Ant. 6, 154 πρ. τῷ θεῷ immediately after τὸν θεὸν πρ.). This reverence or worship is paid
    ⓐ to human beings, but by this act they are to be recognized as belonging to a superhuman realm (Appian, Mithrid. 104 §489: Pompey; Galen, Protr. 5 p. 12, 2ff ed. WJohn: Socrates, Homer, Hippocrates, Plato): to a king (so Hdt. et al.; cp. 2 Km 18:28; 24:20; 3 Km 1:16, 53. On proskynesis in the Hellenistic ruler cults s. LTaylor, JHS 47, 1927, 53ff, The Divinity of the Rom. Emperor ’31, esp. 256–66; against her WTarn, Alexander the Great II, ’50, 347–73) ὁ δοῦλος προσεκύνει αὐτῷ Mt 18:26 (of a female slave toward her κύριος PGiss 17, 11f=Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 481; s. Jos., Ant. 2, 11); to Peter by Cornelius Ac 10:25 (cp. Apollonius [c. 197 A.D.] in Eus., HE 5, 18, 6).—The church at Philadelphia προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιον τῶν ποδῶν σου Rv 3:9 (on πρ. ἐνώπιόν τινος cp. Ps 21:28; 85:9; Is 66:23; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 17 [Stone 64, 17]).—Jesus, who is rendered homage as Messianic king and helper: Mt 2:2, 8, 11.—8:2; 9:18; 14:33; 15:25; J 9:38.—Mt 20:20; GJs 20:4 (codd.); 21:1, 2 (codd.). A man possessed by an unclean spirit asks a favor of him Mk 5:6. Mock worship on the part of soldiers 15:19 (στέφανος 1). S. also bε below.
    ⓑ to transcendent beings (God: Aeschyl. et al.; X., An. 3, 2, 9; 13; Pla., Rep. 3, 398a; Polyb. 18, 37, 10; Plut., Pomp. 626 [14, 4]; Lucian, Pisc. 21 τῇ θεῷ; PGM 4, 649. Of various divinities in the ins [s. OGI II 700a index VIII; Sb 7911ff]; PFlor 332, 11 θεούς; LXX; Philo, Gig. 54 τὸν θεόν al.; Jos., Ant. 6, 154; 20, 164 al.; Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 3]).
    α. of deity in monotheistic cult (Christians, Judeans, Samaritans) κύριον τὸν θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις (Dt 6:13 v.l.) Mt 4:10; Lk 4:8. πρ. τῷ πατρί J 4:21, 23a; cp. 23b. τῷ θεῷ (Jos., Ant. 6, 55; 9, 267; cp. Orig., C. Cels. 5, 11, 38 [w. λατρεύειν]) Rv 19:4 (w. πίπτειν), 10b; 22:9. See Hb 1:6 (Dt 32:43 LXX). τῷ ζῶντι Rv 4:10. τῷ ποιήσαντι τὸν οὐρανόν 14:7. πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον προσκυνήσει τῷ θεῷ he will fall down and worship God (cp. 2 Km 9:6 of obeisance before David) 1 Cor 14:25; cp. Rv 7:11; 11:16. ἐνώπιόν σου (s. the Ps. reff. in a above) 15:4. Abs. (SIG 1173, 2; PTebt 416, 7; LXX) J 4:20ab, 24ab; Ac 8:27. Used w. ἀναβαίνειν (UPZ 62, 33 [161 B.C.] ἐὰν ἀναβῶ κἀγὼ προσκυνῆσαι; Jos., Ant. 20, 164) J 12:20; Ac 24:11; cp. Rv 11:1. W. πίπτειν (s. Jos., Ant. 8, 119) Rv 5:14. προσεκύνησεν ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τῆς ῥάβδου αὐτοῦ he bowed in worship (or prayed) over the head of his staff Hb 11:21 (Gen 47:31).
    β. of image worship in polytheistic cult (LXX; Ar. 3, 2; Just.; Ath. 15, 1 τὰ ἀγάλματα) προσκυνεῖν τοῖς νεκροῖς θεοῖς 2 Cl 3:1 or λίθους καὶ ξύλα κτλ. 1:6 (cp. EpArist 135 … οἷς πρ.). See Ac 7:43; Dg 2:5. τὰ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν προσκυνούμενα the things that are worshiped by you 2:4. Abs., w. θύειν MPol 12:2.
    γ. the devil and Satanic beings (the eschatological opponent Iren. 5, 28, 2) Mt 4:9; Lk 4:7 (on πρ. ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ s. α above). τὰ δαιμόνια Rv 9:20. τῷ δράκοντι 13:4a; τῷ θηρίῳ 13:4b. τὸ θηρίον vss. 8 (αὐτόν), 12; 20:4. τῇ εἰκόνι (Da 3:5 al.) τοῦ θηρίου 13:15; cp. 16:2; 19:20. τὸ θηρίον καὶ τ. εἰκόνα αὐτοῦ 14:9, 11. See θηρίον 1b; also PTouilleux, L’Apocalypse et les cultes de Domitien et de Cybèle ’35.
    δ. angels (TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 28 [Stone p. 6]) Rv 22:8; cp. 19:10a.
    ε. The risen Lord is esp. the object of worship: Mt 28:9, 17; Lk 24:52 P75 et al. Likewise the exalted Christ MPol 17:3. See also a above, end.—Lit. s.v. προσεύχομαι, end; Bolkestein [δεισιδαιμονία, end] 23ff; JHorst, Proskynein: Z. Anbetung im Urchristentum nach ihrer religionsgesch. Eigenart ’32; Berthe MMarti, Proskynesis and adorare: Language 12, ’36, 272–82; BReicke, Some Reflections on Worship in the NT: TWManson mem. vol. ’59, 194–209.—B. 1469; Kl. Pauly IV 1189. New Docs 2, 68; 3, 77–78; 4, 61f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

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  • 127 σκεῦος

    σκεῦος, ους, τό (Aristoph., Thu.+)
    ① a material object used to meet some need in an occupation or other responsibility, gener. thing, object used for any purpose at all (e.g. a table: Diod S 17, 66, 5) Mk 11:16 (PCasey, CBQ 59, ’97, 306–32). σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον or ἐκ ξύλου Rv 18:12ab. Pl. (Diod S 13, 12, 6) Dg 2:2–4. Of all one has (Jos., Vi. 68; 69) τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ his property Lk 17:31.—Mt 12:29; Mk 3:27 (both in allusion to Is 49:24f).—By an added statement or via the context σκ. can become an object of a certain specific kind: τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας the equipment used in cultic service Hb 9:21 (ParJer 3:9; 11:18; cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 389 τὰ πρὸς τὰς ἱερουργίας σκεύη). Also τὰ ἅγια σκεύη Ox 840, 14; 21; 29f (Jos., Bell. 2, 321; cp. Plut., Mor. 812b σκεῦος ἱερόν; Philo, Mos. 2, 94; Just., D. 52, 3 σκεύη ἱερά). τὸ σκεῦος Ac 27:17 seems to be the kedge or driving-anchor (Breusing 17ff; Blass and Haenchen ad loc.; Voigt [s. σκευή]. Differently HBalmer, Die Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 355ff. See FBrannigan, TGl 25, ’33, 182–84; PEdg 6 [=Sb 6712], 10 [258 B.C.] ἄνευ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σκευῶν πλεῖν τὰ πλοῖα. Pl. also X., Oec. 8, 11f; ; TestJob 18:7 and elsewh. of ship’s gear; Arrian, Peripl. 5, 2 τὰ σκεύη τὰ ναυτικά. Eng. tr. have ‘gear’, ‘sails’). Ac 10:11, 16; 11:5 represent a transitional stage on the way to 2.
    ② a container of any kind, vessel, jar, dish, etc. (Aristoph., Thesm. 402; X., Mem. 1, 7, 5; Aelian, VH 12, 8; Herodian 6, 7, 7; LXX; Jos., Bell. 7, 106; 8, 89; PsSol 17:38; TestNapth 2:2; JosAs; Just., A I, 9, 2 ἐξ ἀτίμων … σκευῶν) Lk 8:16; J 19:29; 2 Ti 2:20 (four kinds as Plut., Caes. 730 [48, 7]). τὸ κενὸν σκεῦος Hm 11:13. ποιεῖν σκ. make a vessel 2 Cl 8:2. τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικά Rv 2:27 (s. κεραμικός). σκ. εἰς τιμήν or εἰς ἀτιμίαν (s. τιμή 2b) Ro 9:21; 2 Ti 2:21 (a fig. sense makes itself felt in the latter pass.).
    ③ a human being exercising a function, instrument, vessel fig. ext. of 1 or 2 (Polyb. 13, 5, 7 Δαμοκλῆς ὑπηρετικὸν ἦν ς.) for Christ Paul is a σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς a chosen instrument Ac 9:15.—Of the body, in which the Spirit dwells (cp. TestNapht 8:6 ὁ διάβολος οἰκειοῦται αὐτὸν ὡς ἴδιον σκεῦος; ApcMos 16 γενοῦ μοι σκεῦος; and the magical prayer in FPradel, Griech. u. südital. Gebete1907, p. 9, 11f ἐξορκίζω σε ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ σκεύους τούτου) Hm 5, 1, 2. Christ’s body as τὸ σκ. τοῦ πνεύματος the vessel of the Spirit B 7:3; 11:9; cp. τὸ καλὸν σκεῦος 21:8 (of the human body, as ApcSed 11:5 [p. 134, 17 Ja.] ὦ χεῖρες … διʼ ἃς τὸ σκεῦος τρέφεται; cp. 10 [ln. 25 Ja.]; 11 [ln. 27 Ja.]). On the human body as ὀστράκινα σκεύη 2 Cor 4:7, s. ὀστράκινος. Those who are lost are σκεύη ὁργῆς Ro 9:22 (cp. Jer 27:25.—CDodd, JTS 5, ’54, 247f: instruments of judgment; sim. AHanson, JTS 32, ’81, 433–43), those who are saved σκ. ἐλέους vs. 23.—1 Pt 3:7 woman is called ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (ἀσθενής 2a). τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος 1 Th 4:4 from antiquity has been interpreted to mean one’s own body (Theodoret, Calvin, Milligan, Schlatter, MDibelius; RKnox, transl. ’44; CCD transl. ’41, mg.; NRSV) or one’s own wife (Theodore of Mopsuestia, Schmiedel, vDobschütz, Frame, Oepke; WVogel, ThBl 13, ’34, 83–85; RSV et al.). The former interpr. is supported by passages cited at the beg. of this section 3, and the latter is in accord w. rabb. usage (Billerb. III 632f. S. also κτάομαι 1). Also probable for 1 Th 4:4 is ‘penis’ (so Antistius [I A.D.] in Anthol. Plan. 4, 243; Aelian, NA 17, 11; cp. the euphemistic Lat. ‘vasa’ in this sense: Plautus, Poenulus. 863; s. MPoole, Synopsis Criticorum Ali. Sacrae Script., rev. ed.1694, V col. 908; on sim. usage at Qumran s. TElgvin, NTS 43, ’97, 604–19; NAB [1970] renders guarding his member [difft. rev. ed. of NAB, 1986]. Cp. KDonfried, NTS 31, ’85, 342). In such case κτᾶσθαι must mean someth. like ‘gain control of’, etc.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

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  • 128 σύ

    σύ (Hom.+) personal pron. of the second pers. σοῦ (σου), σοί (σοι), σέ (σε); pl. ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν, ὑμῖν, ὑμᾶς: you
    ⓐ nominative
    α. in contrast to another pers. ἐγὼ … σύ Mt 3:14; 26:39; Mk 14:36; J 13:7; Js 2:18; s. Lk 17:8. σὺ … ἕτερος Mt 11:3. πᾶς ἄνθρωπος … σύ J 2:10. Μωϋσῆς … σὺ οὖν 8:5. οὐδεὶς … σύ 3:2 and oft. αὐτοὶ … σύ Hb 1:11 (Ps 101:27). ἐγὼ … ὑμεῖς or vice versa (TestJob 1:5; Mel., P. 103, 789ff) J 7:34, 36; 8:15, 22f; 13:15; 15:5 al.; Gal 4:12. ὑμεῖς … ἡμεῖς or vice versa (ParJer 4:9; Just., D. 10, 1 al.) J 4:22; 1 Cor 4:10abc; 2 Cor 13:9.—The contrast is evident fr. the context: Mt 6:6, 17; Ro 2:3. ὑμεῖς Mt 5:48; 6:9, 26b.—On σὺ λέγεις Mt 27:11; Mk 15:2; Lk 23:3 s. λέγω 2e.
    β. for emphasis before a voc. σὺ Βηθλεέμ Mt 2:6 (Mi 5:1). σὺ παιδίον (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 2, 1) Lk 1:76. σὺ κύριε Ac 1:24 (PsSol 2:23; 17:4). σὺ δὲ ὦ ἄνθρωπε θεοῦ 1 Ti 6:11. ὑμεῖς οἱ Φαρισαῖοι Lk 11:39.
    γ. used w. a noun or ptc., by which the pron. is more exactly defined σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὤν you as a Jew J 4:9; cp. Gal 2:14. ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11 (cp. ParJer 7:3 σὺ ὁ λαλῶν).—Esp. emphasizing the subj.: σὺ τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ you are the very one who will deny me three times Mk 14:30. δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν you yourselves are to give them someth. to eat = give them some food yourselves Mft Mt 14:16. Cp. J 13:6; 17:8; 20:15. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν Lk 1:42. σὺ μόνος παροικεῖς 24:18. So freq. w. forms of εἰμι (TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 19 [Stone p. 16] ὁ ἥλιος … σὺ εἶ; A 16 p. 97, 26 [Stone p. 42] τίς εἶ σύ; A 17 p. 98, 21 [Stone p. 44] σὺ εἶ ὁ θάνατος; TestJob 29:3 al.): σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός Mt 16:16; σὺ εἶ Πέτρος vs. 18; σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; 27:11. καὶ σύ you, too 26:69, 73; Lk 19:19; 22:58; Gal 6:1 (TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 10 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 27:5; ParJer 7:9; Just., A II, 2, 17). καὶ ὑμεῖς Mt 7:12; 15:3, 16; Lk 17:10 (TestJob 27:7). σὺ δέ but you Lk 9:60; Ro 11:17; 2 Ti 3:10 (Just., D. 1, 6 al.; Tat. 19, 3). ὑμεῖς δέ Mt 21:13; Js 2:6 (TestJob 24:3; ApcMos 30).
    δ. pleonastically added to forms that are clear enough by themselves (Semitism? See B-D-F §277, 2; Mlt-H. 431f) σὺ τί λέγεις Mk 14:68. μὴ φοβεῖσθε ὑμεῖς Mt 28:5. μὴ ἀνελεῖν με σὺ θέλεις; Ac 7:28 (Ex 2:14). ὑμεῖς Mt 5:13f.
    ⓑ oblique cases
    α. The accented forms are used in the oblique cases of the sing. when emphasis is to be laid on the pron. or when a contrast is intended σοῦ δὲ αὐτῆς τὴν ψυχήν Lk 2:35. οὐ σὺ ῥίζαν βαστάζεις ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ Ro 11:18. καὶ σέ Phil 4:3.
    β. The accented forms also appear without special emphasis when used w. prepositions (B-D-F §279; Mlt-H. 180) ἐν σοί Mt 6:23. ἐπὶ σέ Lk 1:35. μετὰ σοῦ vs. 28. σὺν σοί Mt 26:35, but πρός σε Mt 14:28; 25:39 (cp. PsSol 5:8; s. ἐγώ).
    ⓒ σου and ὑμῶν as substitutes for the possessive/adjectival pronouns σός and ὑμέτερος (πάντες σου 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; as well as for the gen. of the reflexives σεαυτοῦ and ὑμῶν αὐτῶν) come after the word they modify: τὴν γυναῖκά σου Mt 1:20; τὸν πόδα σου 4:6 (Ps 90:12); ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν Ro 1:8; τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν 6:19; ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν Col 3:4. Or before the word they modify (TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 1 [Stone p. 42] σου τὴν ἀγριότητα; B 6 p. 110, 13 [Stone p. 68] σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί; TestJob 4:5 σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα; JosAs 4:10; 15:9 al.; ApcMos 12): ἆρόν σου τὴν κλίνην Mt 9:6; ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι Lk 7:48; μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω 1 Ti 4:12. Or betw. the noun and the art. (TestJob 42:5 οἱ δύο σου φίλοι): διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως Phil 1:19; εἰς τὴν ὑμῶν προκοπήν vs. 25.—On τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; s. ἐγώ, end; on τί ἡμῖν κ. σοί; s. τίς 1aβה—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σύ

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См. также в других словарях:

  • used to — W2S1 [ˈju:st tu:] modal v 1.) if something used to happen, it happened regularly or all the time in the past, but does not happen now ▪ He used to go to our school. ▪ We re eating out more often than we used to. did not use to do sth ▪ You didn t …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • used to — used to1 [ just tu ] modal verb *** Used to is usually followed by an infinitive: We used to swim in the river. But sometimes the following infinitive is left out: I don t play golf now, but I used to. Used to only exists as a past tense.… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • Used — may refer to:*Used good, goods of any type that have been used before *Used (Huesca), a village in Huesca, Aragon, Spain *Used, Zaragoza, a town in Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain *Used (song), a song by Rocket from the Crypt from their 1995 album Scream …   Wikipedia

  • used — [juːzd] adjective used car/​clothes etc cars, clothes etc that have had one or more previous owners; = pre owned AmE; SECOND HAND * * * used UK US /juːzd/ adjective ► COMMERCE used goods, cars, etc. have belonged to someone else and are not new… …   Financial and business terms

  • used — [ juzd ] adjective *** 1. ) owned by someone else before you: SECOND HAND: a used car salesman 2. ) no longer completely clean because of having been used: a used towel …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • used — (adj.) second hand, 1590s, pp. adjective from USE (Cf. use) (v.). To be used to “accustomed, familiar” is recorded by 1520s. Verbal phrase used to formerly did or was (as in I used to love her) represents a construction attested from c.1300,… …   Etymology dictionary

  • used to — (something/doing something) familiar with something. He s used to beginning without me because I m almost always late. His clothes and manners show he s used to being a celebrity. It s not easy getting used to cold weather if you ve been brought… …   New idioms dictionary

  • used-up — used upˈ adjective Exhausted • • • Main Entry: ↑use * * * used up «YOOZD UHP», adjective. 1. Informal. thoroughly exhausted by physical exertion; tired out. 2. worn out or made useless, as by hard work, age, or dissipation: »[He] is by now a… …   Useful english dictionary

  • used\ to\ be — • used to be • did use to be v. phr. Formerly or once was. Mary used to be small; but she has grown up. Dick used to be the best pitcher on the team last year; now two other pitchers are better than he is …   Словарь американских идиом

  • used to — (do something) to have done something in the past. A young lady who used to work in my office had seven brothers! We used to visit our parents at Christmas every year …   New idioms dictionary

  • used — ► ADJECTIVE 1) having already been used. 2) second hand …   English terms dictionary

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