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121 substantive
tr['sʌbstəntɪv]1 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL sustantivoadj.• substantivo adj.• sustantivo, -a adj.n.• substantivo s.m.• sustantivo s.m.
I 'sʌbstəntɪvadjective (frml) <evidence/proof> sustantivo (frml), de peso; < change> sustancial; < issue> fundamental
II
['sʌbstǝntɪv]1. ADJ1) (=significant) [role] fundamental; [talks, progress, difference] sustancial; [reason] de pesothe two sides remain divided on several substantive issues — las dos partes permanecen divididas en varios puntos fundamentales or de importancia
2) (Mil) [captain, lieutenant] sustantivo2.N (Gram) sustantivo m3.CPDsubstantive law N — derecho m sustantivo
substantive motion N — moción f de fondo
* * *
I ['sʌbstəntɪv]adjective (frml) <evidence/proof> sustantivo (frml), de peso; < change> sustancial; < issue> fundamental
II
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122 Handhabe
f; -, -n grounds Pl. (um etw. zu tun for doing s.th.); (Beweise) proof, evidence; gesetzliche Handhabe legal grounds; eine gesetzliche Handhabe haben gegen have a case against s.o.; keinerlei Handhabe gegen jemanden haben have nothing on s.o. umg.; er hat keinerlei Handhabe he hasn’t got a leg to stand on* * *die Handhabegrounds* * *Hạnd|ha|be ['hanthaːbə]f (fig)etw als Handhabe ( gegen jdn) benutzen — to use sth as a lever (against sb)
* * *Hand·ha·bef tangible evidence[gegen jdn] eine/keine \Handhabe haben to have something/nothing on sb* * *die; Hand, Handneine [rechtliche] Handhabe [gegen jemanden] — a legal handle [against somebody]
* * *um etwas zu tun for doing sth); (Beweise) proof, evidence;gesetzliche Handhabe legal grounds;eine gesetzliche Handhabe haben gegen have a case against sb;keinerlei Handhabe gegen jemanden haben have nothing on sb umg;er hat keinerlei Handhabe he hasn’t got a leg to stand on* * *die; Hand, Handneine [rechtliche] Handhabe [gegen jemanden] — a legal handle [against somebody]
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123 fact
факт, обставина; сутність; протиправне діяння, порушення, правопорушення, злочин; дані; докази, уліки, аргументи; істина, реальністьfact necessary to explain a relevant fact — факт, необхідний для пояснення релевантного факту
fact necessary to introduce a relevant fact — факт, необхідний для подання суду релевантного факту
- fact-findfact relevant to the fact in issue — факт, що стосується головного факту
- fact-finder
- fact finding
- fact-finding
- fact-finding board
- fact-finding hearing
- fact-finding power
- fact in contest
- fact in dispute
- fact in evidence
- fact in issue
- fact in proof
- fact in question
- fact not in evidence
- fact of common knowledge
- fact of common notoriety
- fact of crime
- fact of evidence
- fact of litigation
- fact of the matter
- fact on trial
- fact relevant to the issue
- fact requiring proof
- fact sought to be proven
- fact to be proved
- fact to be proven
- fact trier -
124 prohibition
заборона; заборонний судовий наказ; наказ про заборону провадження у справі; заборона продажу спиртних напоїв, сухий законprohibition against being put in double jeopardy — заборона притягнення до суду двічі за один і той же злочин
prohibition against illegally obtained evidence — заборона прийняття (розгляду свідчень, отриманих незаконним шляхом)
prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures — заборона необґрунтованих обшуків та вилучень
prohibition of distrain for public debts — заборона арешту на майно на забезпечення державних боргів
prohibition of the development of new types and systems of weapons — заборона розробки нових видів озброєнь
prohibition of the quartering of troops in private homes — заборона розквартирування військ у приватних помешканнях
prohibition on the establishment of religion — заборона на встановлення (запровадження) державної (офіційної) релігії
prohibition on the use of biological weapons — = prohibition on the use of biological chemical weapons заборона використання біологічної (хімічної) зброї
- prohibition actprohibition on the use of biological chemical weapons — = prohibition on the use of biological weapons
- prohibition era
- prohibition laws
- prohibition of exportation
- prohibition of importation
- prohibition of night work
- prohibition on exportation
- prohibition on exports
- prohibition on importation
- prohibition on imports
- prohibition order
- prohibition to hold an office -
125 external
{eks'tə:nəl}
I. 1. външен, повърхностен
for EXTERNAL application външно (за лекарство)
2. външен (за търговия, политика и пр.), чуждестранен, чужд
страничен (to)
EXTERNAL evidence юр. странични доказателства
3. задочен (за студент, обучение)
II. n рl външност, външна страна, външни белези/обстоятелства, несъществени/второстепенни неща* * *{eks'tъ:nъl} I. a 1. външен; повърхностен; for external application* * *чуждестранен; чужд; външен; външност;* * *1. external evidence юр. странични доказателства 2. for external application външно (за лекарство) 3. i. външен, повърхностен 4. ii. n pl външност, външна страна, външни белези/обстоятелства, несъществени/второстепенни неща 5. външен (за търговия, политика и пр.), чуждестранен, чужд 6. задочен (за студент, обучение) 7. страничен (to)* * *external[eks´tə:nl] I. adj 1. външен; повърхностен; \external use мед. външна употреба; for \external application only само външно (за лекарство); \external combustion engine тех. двигател с външно горене; \external examiner външен екзаминатор; 2. външен (за политика, търговия и пр.); чуждестранен, чужд; \external evidence юрид. странични доказателства; things \external to our sphere неща извън (чужди на) нашата среда (сфера); II. n pl 1. външност, външна страна; външни белези (части); 2. външни обстоятелства; прен. несъществени (маловажни, второстепенни) неща; to judge by \externals съдя от външността, съдя по това, което се вижда. -
126 point
point [pɔɪnt]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. noun2. plural noun5. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. nouna. ( = sharp end) pointe f• not to put too fine a point on it ( = frankly) pour être franc• three point six (3.6) trois virgule six (3,6)c. (in space, in time) point m• he had reached a point where he began to doubt whether... il en était arrivé à se demander si...► point of + noun• he had reached the point of resigning il en était arrivé au point de donner sa démission► up to a point jusqu'à un certain pointe. ( = idea) point m• you have a point there! il y a du vrai dans ce que vous dites !• he made the point that... il fit remarquer que...• point taken! (inf) d'accord !► a point of + noun• it was a point of honour with him never to refuse il se faisait un point d'honneur de ne jamais refuser• point of interest/of no importance point m intéressant/sans importancef. ( = important part) [of argument] objet m• that's just the point! justement !• to come to the point [person] en venir au fait• when it comes to the point, they don't value education au fond, ils n'accordent pas beaucoup d'importance à l'éducationg. ( = meaning) what was the point of his visit? quel était le but de sa visite ?• the point of this story is that... la morale de l'histoire, c'est que...h. ( = use) what's the point? à quoi bon ?• what's the point of waiting? à quoi bon attendre ?i. ( = characteristic) caractéristique f• the points to look for when buying a car les choses fpl auxquelles il faut faire attention lorsqu'on achète une voiture2. plural noun• when they ask questions he points them in the direction of the library quand ils posent des questions, il leur dit d'aller à la bibliothèquec. [+ toes] pointera. [person] montrer du doigt• to point at sth/sb désigner qch/qn du doigt• it all points to the fact that... tout laisse à penser que...5. compounds• at point-blank range à bout portant adverb [fire, shoot] à bout portant ; [refuse] catégoriquement ; [demand] de but en blanc ► point-by-point adjective méthodiquea. ( = show) [+ person, object, place] indiquerb. ( = mention) faire remarquer• I should point out that... je dois vous signaler que...* * *[pɔɪnt] 1.1) (of knife, needle, pencil etc) pointe f2) (location, position on scale) point m; ( less specific) endroit membarkation point — lieu m d'embarquement
point of entry — ( into country) point d'arrivée; ( of bullet into body) point d'impact; ( into atmosphere) point d'entrée
3) (extent, degree) point m5) (question, idea) point mto take up ou return to somebody's point — revenir sur un point soulevé par quelqu'un
you've made your point, please let me speak — vous vous êtes exprimé, laissez-moi parler
to make a point of doing something — ( as matter of pride) mettre un point d'honneur à faire quelque chose; ( do deliberately) faire quelque chose exprès
my point was that — ce que je voulais dire, c'était que
I take your point — ( agreeing) je suis d'accord avec vous
I take your point, but — je vois bien où vous voulez en venir, mais
all right, point taken! — très bien, j'en prends note
6) ( central idea) point m essentielto keep ou stick to the point — rester dans le sujet
7) ( purpose) objet mwhat's the point of doing...? — à quoi bon faire...?
8) (feature, characteristic) point m, côté m9) Sport, Finance ( in scoring) point mto win on points — ( in boxing) remporter une victoire aux points
match point — ( in tennis) balle f de match
10) ( dot) point m; ( decimal point) virgule f; ( diacritic) signe m diacritique; Mathematics point m2.points plural noun1) GB Railways aiguillages mpl, aiguilles fpl2) Automobile électrodes fpl3) ( in ballet)3.transitive verb1) (aim, direct)to point something at somebody — braquer quelque chose sur quelqu'un [camera, gun]
to point the finger at somebody — ( accuse) accuser quelqu'un
to point something towards — (of car, boat) diriger quelque chose vers
to point somebody in the right direction — lit, fig mettre quelqu'un dans la bonne direction
2) ( show)to point the way to — lit (person, signpost) indiquer la direction de
3) (in ballet, gym)4) Construction jointoyer [wall]4.1) ( indicate) indiquer or montrer (du doigt)to point at somebody/something — montrer quelqu'un/quelque chose du doigt
2) [signpost, arrow] indiquerto point at somebody ou in somebody's direction — [gun, camera] être braqué sur quelqu'un
•Phrasal Verbs:- point up -
127 F19.7
рус Резидуальные и отсроченные психотические расстройства, вызванные одновременным употреблением нескольких наркотических средств и использованием других психоактивных веществeng Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances. Residual and late-onset psychotic disorder. A disorder in which alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced changes of cognition, affect, personality, or behaviour persist beyond the period during which a direct psychoactive substance-related effect might reasonably be assumed to be operating. Onset of the disorder should be directly related to the use of the psychoactive substance. Cases in which initial onset of the state occurs later than episode(s) of such substance use should be coded here only where clear and strong evidence is available to attribute the state to the residual effect of the psychoactive substance. Flashbacks may be distinguished from psychotic state partly by their episodic nature, frequently of very short duration, and by their duplication of previous alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-related experiences. Alcoholic dementia NOS. Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome. Dementia and other m -
128 Burgi, Jost
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 28 February 1552 Lichtensteig, Switzerlandd. 31 January 1632 Kassel, Germany[br]Swiss clockmaker and mathematician who invented the remontoire and the cross-beat escapement, also responsible for the use of exponential notation and the calculation of tables of anti-logarithms.[br]Burgi entered the service of Duke William IV of Hesse in 1579 as Court Clockmaker, although he also assisted William with his astronomical observations. In 1584 he invented the cross-beat escapement which increased the accuracy of spring-driven clocks by two orders of magnitude. During the last years of the century he also worked on the development of geometrical and astronomical instruments for the Royal Observatory at Kassel.On the death of Duke Wilhelm in 1603, and with news of his skills having reached the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II, in 1604 he went to Prague to become Imperial Watchmaker and to assist in the creation of a centre of scientific activity, subsequently becoming Assistant to the German astronomer, Johannes Kepler. No doubt this association led to an interest in mathematics and he made significant contributions to the concept of decimal fractions and the use of exponential notation, i.e. the use of a raised number to indicate powers of another number. It is likely that he was developing the idea of logarithms at the same time (or possibly even before) Napier, for in 1620 he made his greatest contribution to mathematics, science and, eventually, engineering, namely the publication of tables of anti-logarithms.At Prague he continued the series of accurate clocks and instruments for astronomical measurements that he had begun to produce at Kassel. At that period clocks were very poor timekeepers since the controller, the foliot or balance, had no natural period of oscillation and was consequently dependent on the driving force. Although the force of the driving weight was constant, irregularities occurred during the transmission of the power through the train as a result of the poor shape and quality of the gearing. Burgi attempted to overcome this directly by superb craftsmanship and indirectly by using a remontoire. This device was wound at regular intervals by the main driving force and fed the power directly to the escape wheel, which impulsed the foliot. He also introduced the crossbeat escapement (a variation on the verge), which consisted of two coupled foliots that swung in opposition to each other. According to contemporary evidence his clocks produced a remarkable improvement in timekeeping, being accurate to within a minute a day. This improvement was probably a result of the use of a remontoire and the high quality of the workmanship rather than a result of the cross-beat escapement, which did not have a natural period of oscillation.Burgi or Prague clocks, as they were known, were produced by very few other makers and were supplanted shortly afterwards by the intro-duction of the pendulum clock. Burgi also produced superb clockwork-driven celestial globes.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsEnnobled 1611.BibliographyBurgi only published one book, and that was concerned with mathematics.Further ReadingL.von Mackensen, 1979, Die erste Sternwarte Europas mit ihren Instrumenten and Uhren—400 Jahre Jost Burgi in Kassel, Munich.K.Maurice and O.Mayr (eds), 1980, The Clockwork Universe, Washington, DC, pp. 87– 102.H.A.Lloyd, 1958, Some Outstanding Clocks Over 700 Years, 1250–1950, London. E.T.Bell, 1937, Men of Mathematics, London: Victor Gollancz.See also: Briggs, HenryKF / DV
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