Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

under+her+sway

  • 1 sway

    [sweɪ]
    1. verb
    1) to (cause to) move from side to side or up and down with a swinging or rocking action:

    The branches swayed gently in the breeze.

    يَتَمايَل، يَتَرَنَّح

    She's too easily swayed by her feelings.

    يتأثَّر
    2. noun
    1) the motion of swaying:

    the sway of the ship's deck.

    حَرَكَة سَطْح السَّفينَه
    2) power, rule or control:

    people under the sway of the dictator.

    سَيْطرَه، حُكْم

    Arabic-English dictionary > sway

  • 2 dominar

    v.
    1 to control (controlar) (pasión, nervios, caballo).
    era imposible dominar el vehículo it was impossible to maintain control of the vehicle
    2 to overcome.
    lo dominaba el deseo irrefrenable de besarla he was overcome by an irresistible desire to kiss her
    3 to master (conocer) (técnica, tema).
    domina varias lenguas she speaks various languages fluently
    ha conseguido dominar el inglés en pocos meses he managed to acquire a good command of English within a few months
    4 to overlook.
    desde aquí se domina todo Bilbao you can see the whole of Bilbao from here
    5 to predominate.
    6 to dominate, to domineer, to bestride, to have sway over.
    El tirano domina al pueblo The tyrant dominates the people.
    Ella domina su ira She dominates her anger.
    7 to tower above, to dominate.
    El cerro domina el horizonte The hill dominates the horizon.
    8 to have the control, to dominate, to have ascendancy, to have the ascendancy.
    Ella domina She has the control.
    9 to calm down forcibly, to calm down.
    10 to take over.
    * * *
    1 (tener bajo dominio) to dominate
    2 (avasallar) to domineer
    3 (controlar) to control, restrain
    4 (conocer a fondo) to master
    5 (ver) to overlook, dominate
    1 (ser superior) to dominate
    2 (destacar) to stand out
    3 (predominar) to predominate
    1 (controlarse) to control oneself, restrain oneself
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=controlar) [+ población, territorio] to dominate; [+ países] to rule, rule over; [+ adversario] to overpower; [+ caballo] to control
    2) (=contener) [+ incendio, epidemia] to check, bring under control; [+ rebelión] to put down, suppress; [+ pasión] to control, master; [+ nervios, emoción] to control; [+ dolor] to overcome
    3) [+ técnica, tema] to master
    4) (=estar por encima de)
    2. VI
    1) [edificio] to tower
    2) (=predominar) [color, rasgo] to stand out; [opinión, tendencia] to predominate
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( controlar) <nación/territorio/persona> to dominate; <pasión/cólera> to control; <vehiculo/caballo> to control

    dominado por la ambición/los celos — ruled by ambition/consumed by jealousy

    b) < idioma> to have a good command of; <tema/asignatura> to know... very well
    d) montaña/torre to dominate
    2.
    dominar vi color/tendencia to predominate; opinión to prevail; equipo to dominate
    3.
    dominarse v pron persona to restrain o control oneself
    * * *
    = dominate, dominate + the scene, get + command of, tame, subdue, master, command, conquer, preponderate, overtake, overlook, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, tower above/over, pervade, hold + sway (over), be king, lord over, lord it over, keep + a tight hold on.
    Ex. The ideology advocated by Panizzi has since dominated not only Anglo-American but Western cataloging generally.
    Ex. This may have something to do with the absence of CABx, who seem to have dominated the scene in other states.
    Ex. The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.
    Ex. The problem reside in the fact that they environment we seek to tame and control is an open, unstructured dynamic process, while human organizations are static and highly resistant to change.
    Ex. Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.
    Ex. The library director strove to master his frustration.
    Ex. Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.
    Ex. The tools and technologies provided by the Internet enable scholars to communicate or disseminate information in ways which conquer the barriers of time and space.
    Ex. The indexing languages used in science and technology were first in the field, and still preponderate, both in areas covered and in number.
    Ex. E-Books, while a curiosity and a lot of fun, do not seem to be overtaking the mass market.
    Ex. In this sense the British Council libraries may be seen as a window, overlooking the British Isles, their virtues and characteristics.
    Ex. Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.
    Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex. Prague represents a unique collection of historical monuments dominated by Prague Castle towering high above the city.
    Ex. I strongly believe that we must cultivate a more positive attitude towards change in the field of library work, and that this attitude must pervade all levels of librarianship.
    Ex. This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.
    Ex. Despite the electronics invasion, books are still king, and book fairs keeps on growing every year.
    Ex. She argues that the way yeoman farmers lorded over their wives and dependents was similar to the way wealthy planters lorded over their slaves.
    Ex. They believe that the main use for government is for some people to lord it over others at their expense.
    Ex. A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.
    ----
    * dominar a Alguien = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb, bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway.
    * dominar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * dominar el miedo = conquer + fear.
    * dominar la situación = tame + the beast.
    * dominar por completo = sweep + the board.
    * dominar una destreza = master + skill.
    * dominar una técnica = master + technique.
    * la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( controlar) <nación/territorio/persona> to dominate; <pasión/cólera> to control; <vehiculo/caballo> to control

    dominado por la ambición/los celos — ruled by ambition/consumed by jealousy

    b) < idioma> to have a good command of; <tema/asignatura> to know... very well
    d) montaña/torre to dominate
    2.
    dominar vi color/tendencia to predominate; opinión to prevail; equipo to dominate
    3.
    dominarse v pron persona to restrain o control oneself
    * * *
    = dominate, dominate + the scene, get + command of, tame, subdue, master, command, conquer, preponderate, overtake, overlook, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, tower above/over, pervade, hold + sway (over), be king, lord over, lord it over, keep + a tight hold on.

    Ex: The ideology advocated by Panizzi has since dominated not only Anglo-American but Western cataloging generally.

    Ex: This may have something to do with the absence of CABx, who seem to have dominated the scene in other states.
    Ex: The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.
    Ex: The problem reside in the fact that they environment we seek to tame and control is an open, unstructured dynamic process, while human organizations are static and highly resistant to change.
    Ex: Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.
    Ex: The library director strove to master his frustration.
    Ex: Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.
    Ex: The tools and technologies provided by the Internet enable scholars to communicate or disseminate information in ways which conquer the barriers of time and space.
    Ex: The indexing languages used in science and technology were first in the field, and still preponderate, both in areas covered and in number.
    Ex: E-Books, while a curiosity and a lot of fun, do not seem to be overtaking the mass market.
    Ex: In this sense the British Council libraries may be seen as a window, overlooking the British Isles, their virtues and characteristics.
    Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.
    Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex: Prague represents a unique collection of historical monuments dominated by Prague Castle towering high above the city.
    Ex: I strongly believe that we must cultivate a more positive attitude towards change in the field of library work, and that this attitude must pervade all levels of librarianship.
    Ex: This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.
    Ex: Despite the electronics invasion, books are still king, and book fairs keeps on growing every year.
    Ex: She argues that the way yeoman farmers lorded over their wives and dependents was similar to the way wealthy planters lorded over their slaves.
    Ex: They believe that the main use for government is for some people to lord it over others at their expense.
    Ex: A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.
    * dominar a Alguien = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb, bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway.
    * dominar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * dominar el miedo = conquer + fear.
    * dominar la situación = tame + the beast.
    * dominar por completo = sweep + the board.
    * dominar una destreza = master + skill.
    * dominar una técnica = master + technique.
    * la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

    * * *
    dominar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 (controlar) ‹nación/territorio› to dominate; ‹persona› to dominate; ‹pasión/cólera› to control
    tiene a los niños totalmente dominados she has the children well under her thumb o under control
    dominado por la ambición ruled by ambition
    dominado por los celos consumed by jealousy
    no logró dominar su ira she couldn't contain o control her anger
    el equipo que dominó el encuentro the team which dominated the match
    no logró dominar el vehículo/caballo he couldn't get control of the vehicle/horse
    la policía dominó la situación en todo momento the police had the situation under control at all times
    2 ‹tema/idioma›
    no domino el tema I'm no expert on the subject
    domina el francés she has a good command of French
    nunca voy a poder dominar el inglés I'll never be able to master English
    3
    (abarcar con la vista): desde allí se domina toda la bahía there's a view over the whole bay from there, from there you can look out over the whole bay
    4 «montaña/torre» to dominate
    ■ dominar
    vi
    «color/tendencia» to predominate; «opinión» to prevail
    el tema que dominó en las negociones the subject which dominated the talks
    el equipo visitante dominó durante el segundo tiempo the visitors dominated the second half o were on top in the second half
    «persona» to restrain o control oneself
    * * *

     

    dominar ( conjugate dominar) verbo transitivo
    a) ( controlar) ‹nación/territorio/persona› to dominate;

    ‹pasión/cólera› to control;
    ‹vehículo/caballo› to control;
    ◊ dominado por la ambición/los celos ruled by ambition/consumed by jealousy


    ‹tema/asignatura› to know … very well


    verbo intransitivo [color/tendencia] to predominate;
    [ opinión] to prevail;
    [ equipo] to dominate
    dominarse verbo pronominal [ persona] to restrain o control oneself
    dominar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (un pueblo, país) to dominate, rule
    2 (contener, controlar) to control
    3 (conocer perfectamente: un idioma) to speak very well
    (: un asunto, una actividad) to master
    4 (con la vista) to overlook
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to dominate
    2 (un color, una característica) to stand out
    ' dominar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abarcar
    - imperar
    - imponerse
    - vencer
    - conocer
    - dejar
    - reducir
    - someter
    - sujetar
    English:
    control
    - curb
    - dominate
    - hold down
    - master
    - overpower
    - pervade
    - restrain
    - subdue
    - sway
    - tower
    - over
    - rule
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [controlar] [país, territorio, pueblo] to dominate, to rule (over);
    [persona, caballo] to control; [emociones, nervios] to control, to keep under control; [situación] to be in control of; [incendio, epidemia] to bring under control; [rebelión] to put down; [partido] to dominate;
    la guerrilla domina toda esta zona guerrillas control this entire area;
    la policía logró dominar a los alborotadores the police managed to bring the troublemakers under control;
    tiene al marido dominado she has her husband under her thumb;
    era imposible dominar el vehículo it was impossible to maintain control of the vehicle;
    no supo dominar sus nervios she couldn't control her nervousness;
    el equipo local dominó el partido en todo momento the local team dominated the game from the beginning
    2. [sujeto: pasión, nervios, emociones] to overcome;
    lo dominaba el deseo irrefrenable de besarla he was overcome by an irresistible desire to kiss her
    3. [ser experto en] [técnica, tema] to master;
    [lengua] to be fluent in;
    domina a la perfección los temas de contabilidad he has a perfect mastery of accounting;
    domina varias lenguas she speaks various languages fluently;
    ha conseguido dominar el inglés en pocos meses he managed to acquire a good command of English in a few months;
    ¡cómo domina el balón! what great ball control!
    4. [divisar] to overlook;
    desde aquí se domina todo Bilbao you can see the whole of Bilbao from here
    5. [destacar por encima de] to dominate;
    el castillo domina el pueblo the castle dominates the town
    ♦ vi
    [predominar] to predominate;
    una zona donde domina el voto socialista an area with a predominantly socialist vote
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 persona, mercado dominate
    2 idioma have a good command of
    II v/i dominate
    * * *
    1) : to dominate
    2) : to master, to be proficient at
    : to predominate, to prevail
    * * *
    1. (en general) to dominate
    2. (tener bajo poder) to rule over
    3. (controlar) to control
    4. (contener) to bring under control [pt. & pp. brought]
    5. (idioma) to be fluent in
    6. (otras materias) to be good at / to be an expert on

    Spanish-English dictionary > dominar

  • 3 Bann

    m; -(e)s, -e
    1. HIST. banishment; (Kirchenbann) excommunication; den Bann aussprechen über jemanden, jemanden in den Bann tun, jemanden mit dem Bann belegen banish s.o., outlaw s.o.; kirchlich: excommunicate s.o.; gesellschaftlich: ostracize s.o.; geschäftlich: boycott s.o.; vom Bann gelöst werden have one’s banishment ( oder excommunication) lifted
    2. fig. (Zauber) charm, spell; unter dem Bann stehen von (einer Person) be ( oder have come) under the spell ( oder sway) of; (Musik etc.) be spellbound by, be under the spell of; (Alkohol etc.) be in the grip of; in jemandes (Akk) Bann geraten come under s.o.’s spell ( oder sway); in den Bann der Musik etc. geraten be enthralled ( oder spellbound) by the music etc.; in den Bann des Alkohols geraten become a slave to alcohol ( oder the demon drink); jemanden in seinen Bann schlagen oder ziehen captivate s.o., spellbind s.o.; jemanden in Bann halten have s.o. spellbound; den Bann brechen break the spell ( oder charm); endlich war der Bann gebrochen the ice had finally been broken
    * * *
    der Bann
    ban
    * * *
    Bạnn [ban]
    m -(e)s, -e
    1) no pl geh = magische Gewalt) spell

    im Bann eines Menschen/einer Sache stehen or sein — to be under sb's spell/the spell of sth

    2) (HIST = Kirchenbann) excommunication

    jdn in den Bann tun, jdn mit dem Bann belegen, den Bann über jdn aussprechen — to excommunicate sb

    * * *
    (a strong influence: He was completely under her spell.) spell
    * * *
    <-[e]s>
    [ban]
    m
    1. (geh) spell
    in jds akk \Bann/in den \Bann einer S. gen geraten to come under sb's/sth's spell
    jdn in \Bann halten (geh) to hold sb in one's spell
    jdn in seinen \Bann schlagen [o ziehen] to cast a spell over sb
    in jds dat \Bann/im \Bann einer S. gen stehen to be under sb's spell/under the spell of sth
    2. HIST excommunication
    den \Bann über jdn aussprechen to excommunicate sb
    jdn vom \Bann lösen to absolve sb [from excommunication]
    jdn in den \Bann tun [o jdn mit dem \Bann belegen] to excommunicate sb
    * * *
    der; Bann[e]s
    1) (kath. Kirche) excommunication
    2) (fig. geh.) spell

    in jemandes Bann/im Bann einer Sache (Gen.) stehen — be under somebody's spell/under the spell of something

    jemanden in seinen Bann schlagen — cast one's/its spell over somebody

    * * *
    Bann m; -(e)s, -e
    1. HIST banishment; (Kirchenbann) excommunication;
    den Bann aussprechen über jemanden, jemanden in den Bann tun, jemanden mit dem Bann belegen banish sb, outlaw sb; kirchlich: excommunicate sb; gesellschaftlich: ostracize sb; geschäftlich: boycott sb;
    vom Bann gelöst werden have one’s banishment ( oder excommunication) lifted
    2. fig (Zauber) charm, spell;
    unter dem Bann stehen von (einer Person) be ( oder have come) under the spell ( oder sway) of; (Musik etc) be spellbound by, be under the spell of; (Alkohol etc) be in the grip of;
    in jemandes (akk)
    Bann geraten come under sb’s spell ( oder sway);
    geraten be enthralled ( oder spellbound) by the music etc;
    in den Bann des Alkohols geraten become a slave to alcohol ( oder the demon drink);
    ziehen captivate sb, spellbind sb;
    jemanden in Bann halten have sb spellbound;
    den Bann brechen break the spell ( oder charm);
    endlich war der Bann gebrochen the ice had finally been broken
    * * *
    der; Bann[e]s
    1) (kath. Kirche) excommunication
    2) (fig. geh.) spell

    in jemandes Bann/im Bann einer Sache (Gen.) stehen — be under somebody's spell/under the spell of something

    jemanden in seinen Bann schlagen — cast one's/its spell over somebody

    * * *
    nur sing. m.
    ban n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Bann

  • 4 dominar a Alguien

    (v.) = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb, bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway
    Ex. She sounds like she enjoys having people under her thumb and gets off on the whole control thing.
    Ex. And having conquered all the mountains and the kings that reigned there, and bringing them under his sway, he exacted tributes from all.
    * * *
    (v.) = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb, bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway

    Ex: She sounds like she enjoys having people under her thumb and gets off on the whole control thing.

    Ex: And having conquered all the mountains and the kings that reigned there, and bringing them under his sway, he exacted tributes from all.

    Spanish-English dictionary > dominar a Alguien

  • 5 someter

    v.
    1 to subdue.
    2 to submit, to bring up for discussion, to bring up for consideration, to hand in.
    María sometió su propuesta Mary submitted her proposal.
    El tirano somete al pueblo The tyrant submits the people.
    * * *
    1 (rebeldes) to subdue, put down; (rebelión) to quell
    2 (hacer recibir) to subject (a, to)
    3 (pasiones) to subdue
    4 (proponer, presentar) to submit, present
    1 (rendirse) to surrender (a, to)
    2 (tratamiento etc) to undergo (a, -)
    \
    someterse a la opinión de alguien to bow to somebody's opinion
    someter a prueba to test, put to the test
    someter algo a la autoridad to refer something to an authority
    someter algo a votación to put something to the vote, vote on something
    * * *
    verb
    •
    - someterse a
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=dominar) [+ territorio, población] to subjugate; [+ rebeldes] to subdue, put down; [+ asaltante] to overpower, overcome
    2) (=subordinar)

    sometió sus intereses a los de su pueblo — he put the interests of the people before his own, he subordinated his interests to those of the people frm

    3)

    • someter a —

    a) (=exponer) [+ represión, tortura, interrogatorio] to subject to

    • someter algo/a algn a prueba — to put sth/sb to the test

    • someter algo a votación — to put sth to the vote

    b) (=entregar) to submit sth to
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( dominar)
    2)
    a) (a torturas, presiones) to subject
    c) ( a prueba) to subject
    d) (a votación, aprobación)
    2.
    someterse v pron
    a) ( a autoridad) to submit to, yield to; ( a capricho) to give in to; ( a ley) to comply with
    b) (a prueba, exámen, operación) to undergo
    * * *
    = subject, subdue, wage, subjugate, lord it over, conquer.
    Ex. Author abstracts are the abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.
    Ex. Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.
    Ex. It is as if libraries find themselves once again mired down in the bureaucratic information policy firefights waged during the Reagan and Bush administrations (1980-1992).
    Ex. Only majorities have the power to terrorize and subjugate minority groups.
    Ex. They believe that the main use for government is for some people to lord it over others at their expense.
    Ex. The tools and technologies provided by the Internet enable scholars to communicate or disseminate information in ways which conquer the barriers of time and space.
    ----
    * someter a = submit to, subject to.
    * someter a Alguien = bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway.
    * someter a control = place under + control.
    * someter a disciplina = subject to + discipline.
    * someter a engaño = perpetrate + deception.
    * someter a examen = expose to + examination.
    * someter a juicio = try.
    * someter a presión = place under + pressure.
    * someter a prueba = place + strain on.
    * someter a una evaluación por expertos doble = double referee.
    * someterse a = truckle to, bow down before, bow to.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( dominar)
    2)
    a) (a torturas, presiones) to subject
    c) ( a prueba) to subject
    d) (a votación, aprobación)
    2.
    someterse v pron
    a) ( a autoridad) to submit to, yield to; ( a capricho) to give in to; ( a ley) to comply with
    b) (a prueba, exámen, operación) to undergo
    * * *
    = subject, subdue, wage, subjugate, lord it over, conquer.

    Ex: Author abstracts are the abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.

    Ex: Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.
    Ex: It is as if libraries find themselves once again mired down in the bureaucratic information policy firefights waged during the Reagan and Bush administrations (1980-1992).
    Ex: Only majorities have the power to terrorize and subjugate minority groups.
    Ex: They believe that the main use for government is for some people to lord it over others at their expense.
    Ex: The tools and technologies provided by the Internet enable scholars to communicate or disseminate information in ways which conquer the barriers of time and space.
    * someter a = submit to, subject to.
    * someter a Alguien = bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway.
    * someter a control = place under + control.
    * someter a disciplina = subject to + discipline.
    * someter a engaño = perpetrate + deception.
    * someter a examen = expose to + examination.
    * someter a juicio = try.
    * someter a presión = place under + pressure.
    * someter a prueba = place + strain on.
    * someter a una evaluación por expertos doble = double referee.
    * someterse a = truckle to, bow down before, bow to.

    * * *
    someter [E1 ]
    vt
    A
    1
    (dominar): un puñado de hombres logró someter a todo el país a handful of men managed to subjugate o conquer the whole country
    fue necesario usar la fuerza para someterlo they had to use force to subdue him
    2
    (subordinar): los sometió a su autoridad he forced them to submit to o yield to his authority, he imposed his authority on them
    quieren someter nuestros intereses a los de una multinacional they are trying to subordinate our interests to those of a multinational, they are trying to put the interests of a multinational before ours
    B
    1 (a torturas, presiones) to subject
    lo sometieron a un exhaustivo interrogatorio they subjected him to a thorough interrogation
    2
    (a un tratamiento): fue sometido a una intervención quirúrgica he underwent o had surgery, he underwent o had an operation, he was operated on
    3 (a una prueba) to subject
    someten los productos a pruebas de calidad the products are subjected to o undergo quality control tests
    el avión fue sometido a una minuciosa revisión the aircraft was given a thorough overhaul
    4
    (a una votación): el acuerdo está sometido a la aprobación del Parlamento the agreement is subject to the approval of Parliament
    el proyecto de ley será sometido a votación the bill will be put to the vote o will be voted on
    la propuesta será sometida a la aprobación de los socios the proposal will be submitted to o presented to o put before the members for approval
    1
    (a una autoridad): no me someteré a la autoridad de este comité I shall not submit to o yield to the authority of this committee
    no te sometas a sus caprichos don't bow to o give in to his whims
    los extranjeros deben someterse a las leyes del país foreigners must comply with the laws of the country
    2
    (a una prueba): tendrá que someterse a un examen médico you will have to undergo o have a medical examination
    * * *

     

    someter ( conjugate someter) verbo transitivo
    1 ( dominar) ‹ país› to subjugate;

    2 (a torturas, presiones, prueba) to subject;

    someter algo a votación to put sth to the vote
    someterse verbo pronominal

    ( a capricho) to give in to;
    ( a ley) to comply with
    b) (a prueba, examen, operación) to undergo

    someter verbo transitivo
    1 (subyugar, sojuzgar) to subdue, put down
    2 (a votación, opinión, juicio) lo sometió a nuestro juicio, he left it to us to judge
    3 (a una prueba, un experimento, interrogatorio, etc) to subject [a, to]
    ' someter' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    exponer
    - oprimir
    - regular
    - subyugar
    - sujetar
    - tratar
    - votación
    - examen
    - referéndum
    English:
    ballot
    - degree
    - keep under
    - polygraph
    - screen
    - subject
    - submit
    - test
    - test drive
    - vet
    - vote
    - put
    - strain
    - subdue
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [dominar, subyugar] to subdue;
    los sometieron a su autoridad they forced them to accept their authority;
    no consiguieron someter a la guerilla they were unable to subdue o put down the guerrillas
    2. [presentar]
    someter algo a la aprobación de alguien to submit sth for sb's approval;
    someter algo a votación to put sth to the vote;
    sometieron sus conclusiones a la comisión they submitted o presented their conclusions to the committee
    3. [subordinar]
    someto mi decisión a los resultados de la encuesta my decision will depend on the results of the poll;
    sometió su opinión a la de la mayoría she went along with the opinion of the majority
    4. [a interrogatorio, presiones]
    someter a alguien a algo to subject sb to sth;
    sometieron la estructura a duras pruebas de resistencia the structure was subjected to stringent strength tests;
    sometieron la ciudad a un fuerte bombardeo the city was subjected to heavy bombing
    * * *
    v/t
    1 subjugate
    2
    :
    someter a alguien a algo subject s.o. to sth
    3
    :
    someter algo a votación put sth to the vote
    * * *
    1) : to subjugate, to conquer
    2) : to subordinate
    3) : to subject (to treatment or testing)
    4) : to submit, to present
    * * *
    1. (exponer) to subject
    2. (proponer) to put [pt. & pp. put]

    Spanish-English dictionary > someter

  • 6 subyugar

    v.
    1 to subjugate.
    2 to captivate.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ LLEGAR], like link=llegar llegar
    1 to subjugate
    2 figurado to captivate
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=dominar) [+ país] to subjugate, subdue; [+ enemigo] to overpower; [+ voluntad] to dominate, gain control over
    2) (=hechizar) to captivate, charm
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <pueblo/enemigo> to subjugate; ( fascinar) to enthrall, captivate
    * * *
    = subjugate, tyrannize, lord over, lord it over, subdue.
    Ex. Only majorities have the power to terrorize and subjugate minority groups.
    Ex. Her sympathy for small, helpless creatures suggests that she sees herself as an imprisoned, helpless creature herself, vulnerable to men who would menace or tyrannize her.
    Ex. She argues that the way yeoman farmers lorded over their wives and dependents was similar to the way wealthy planters lorded over their slaves.
    Ex. They believe that the main use for government is for some people to lord it over others at their expense.
    Ex. Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.
    ----
    * subyugar a Alguien = bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <pueblo/enemigo> to subjugate; ( fascinar) to enthrall, captivate
    * * *
    = subjugate, tyrannize, lord over, lord it over, subdue.

    Ex: Only majorities have the power to terrorize and subjugate minority groups.

    Ex: Her sympathy for small, helpless creatures suggests that she sees herself as an imprisoned, helpless creature herself, vulnerable to men who would menace or tyrannize her.
    Ex: She argues that the way yeoman farmers lorded over their wives and dependents was similar to the way wealthy planters lorded over their slaves.
    Ex: They believe that the main use for government is for some people to lord it over others at their expense.
    Ex: Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.
    * subyugar a Alguien = bring + Nombre + under + Posesivo + sway.

    * * *
    subyugar [A3 ]
    vt
    1 ‹pueblo/enemigo› to subjugate
    2 (fascinar) to enthrall, captivate
    * * *

    subyugar verbo transitivo
    1 (someter) to subjugate
    2 (cautivar, fascinar) to enthrall, captivate
    ' subyugar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    reducir
    - someter
    English:
    keep under
    - subjugate
    * * *
    1. [someter] to subjugate
    2. [cautivar] to captivate
    * * *
    v/t subjugate
    * * *
    subyugar {52} vt
    : to subjugate

    Spanish-English dictionary > subyugar

  • 7 vaciller

    vaciller [vasije]
    ➭ TABLE 1 intransitive verb
       a. ( = chanceler) [personne] to sway (to and fro)
       b. [flamme, lumière] to flicker
       c. [courage] to waver ; [raison] to fail ; [mémoire] to be failing
    * * *
    vasije
    verbe intransitif
    1) ( être chancelant) [personne] to be unsteady on one's legs; [jambes] to be unsteady
    2) ( osciller) [personne, objet] to sway; [lumière, flamme] to flicker
    3) ( se détériorer) [santé, mémoire, raison] to fail; [pouvoir, majorité] to weaken
    * * *
    vasije vi
    1) (= sur ses jambes) [personne] to be unsteady on one's feet
    2) [bougie, lumière] to flicker
    3) fig, [pouvoir, empire] to falter, [santé] to fail, [mémoire, résolution, courage] to falter
    * * *
    vaciller verb table: aimer vi
    1 ( être chancelant) [personne] to be unsteady on one's legs; [jambes] to be unsteady;
    2 ( osciller) [personne, objet] to sway; [lumière, flamme] to flicker;
    3 ( se détériorer) [santé, mémoire, raison] to fail; [pouvoir, majorité] to weaken;
    4 ( hésiter) [volonté, politique] to waver; vaciller dans ses résolutions to waver in one's resolutions.
    [vasije] verbe intransitif
    1. [tituber - bébé] to totter ; [ - ivrogne] to sway, to stagger
    2. [chaise, pile de livres] to wobble
    3. [flamme] to flicker
    4. [raison, courage] to falter, to waver

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > vaciller

  • 8 dominer

    dominer [dɔmine]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
       a. to dominate ; [+ adversaire, concurrent] to outclass ; [+ sentiment] to control ; [+ sujet] to master
    • se laisser dominer par ses passions to let o.s. be ruled by one's passions
       b. ( = surplomber) to overlook
    2. intransitive verb
       a. ( = être le meilleur) [nation] to hold sway ; [équipe sportive] to be on top
       b. ( = prédominer) [caractère, défaut, qualité] to predominate ; [idée, théorie] to prevail ; [préoccupation, intérêt] to be dominant ; [couleur] to stand out
    3. reflexive verb
    ► se dominer to control o.s.
    * * *
    dɔmine
    1.
    1) ( surplomber) [maison, montagne] to dominate [ville, vallée]; ( dépasser) [gratte-ciel, sommet] to tower above [quartier, montagnes]

    de là, on domine toute la vallée — from there you get a view of the whole valley

    2) (s'imposer dans, contre) to dominate [match, sport, débat]; to overshadow [adversaire]
    3) ( prévaloir dans) [thème, problème] to dominate [œuvre, débat]
    4) ( maîtriser) to master [langue, technique, sujet]; to overcome [peur, timidité]; to control [colère]
    5) ( avoir la haute main sur) to dominate [marché, secteur]
    6) Politique ( gouverner) to rule [pays]

    2.
    verbe intransitif
    1) ( exercer son pouvoir) [pays, peuple] to rule, to hold sway
    2) ( être en tête) [équipe, concurrent] to be in the lead
    3) ( prévaloir) [impression, idée] to prevail; [couleur, goût, parfum] to stand out

    3.
    se dominer verbe pronominal [personne] to control oneself
    * * *
    dɔmine
    1. vt
    1) (= imposer son autorité sur) [pays, ennemi] to dominate
    2) [passions] to control
    3) (= s'imposer contre) [adversaire] to come out on top against

    L'Écosse a finalement dominé l'Eire par 3 buts à 2. — Scotland eventually came out on top against Ireland by 3 goals to 2.

    4) [village, maison, endroit] to overlook
    2. vi
    1) SPORT to dominate

    Ils ont dominé pendant toute la rencontre sans réussir à s'imposer. — They dominated throughout the match but didn't make it count.

    2) [personne, groupe] to be in the dominant position
    3) [couleur, thème] to dominate
    * * *
    dominer verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( surplomber) [maison, montagne] to dominate [ville, vallée]; ( dépasser) [gratte-ciel, sommet] to tower above [quartier, montagnes]; de là, on domine toute la vallée from there you get a view of the whole valley; du haut de la tour, on domine toute la ville from the top of the tower, you get a view of the whole town; il est tellement grand qu'il domine tout le monde he's so tall that he towers over everyone;
    2 (s'imposer dans, contre) to dominate [match, sport, débat]; to overshadow [adversaire, équipe]; il a dominé le cyclisme mondial pendant dix ans he dominated world cycling for ten years; il domine de loin les autres concurrents he completely overshadows the other competitors; ils ont été dominés pendant la première mi-temps they were outplayed in the first half;
    3 ( prévaloir dans) [idée, thème, problème] to dominate [œuvre, débat]; les questions monétaires ont dominé le débat monetary issues dominated the debate;
    4 ( maîtriser) to master [langue, technique, sujet, émotion]; to overcome [peur, timidité]; to control [colère]; dominer la situation to be in control of the situation; il se laisse dominer par ses passions his heart rules his head;
    5 ( avoir la haute main sur) to dominate [marché, secteur]; dominer l'économie mondiale to dominate the world economy; il est dominé par son frère he's dominated by his brother; il se laisse dominer par sa femme he's hen-pecked;
    6 Pol ( gouverner) to rule [pays]; leur rêve était de dominer le monde their dream was to rule the world.
    B vi
    1 ( exercer son pouvoir) [pays, peuple] to rule, to hold sway;
    2 ( être en tête) [équipe, sportif, concurrent] to be in the lead; il a dominé pendant toute la course he was in the lead throughout the race; elle a dominé pendant les deux premiers sets she led during the first two sets;
    3 ( prévaloir) [impression, idée] to prevail; [couleur, goût, parfum] to stand out; tel est le sentiment qui domine dans l'opinion publique this is the prevailing public mood; c'est le cassis qui domine the flavourGB is mainly blackcurrant; c'est la persévérance qui domine chez lui his chief characteristic is perseverance.
    C se dominer vpr [personne] to control oneself.
    [dɔmine] verbe transitif
    1. POLITIQUE [nation, peuple] to dominate, to rule
    2. [contrôler - marché] to control, to dominate
    ils ont dominé le match they had the best of ou they controlled the match
    3. [influencer - personne] to dominate
    4. [surclasser] to outclass
    5. [colère] to control
    [complexe, dégoût, échec, timidité] to overcome
    [matière, question] to master
    6. [prédominer dans - œuvre, style, débat] to predominate in, to dominate
    [caractéristique] to dominate, to be dominant
    [idéologie, opinion] to prevail
    7. [surplomber] to overlook, to dominate
    b. (figuré) to tower above somebody, to be head and shoulders above somebody
    ————————
    se dominer verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > dominer

  • 9 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 10 pēs

        pēs pedis, m    [PED-], a foot: nudus, T.: pedibus aeger, S.: si pes condoluit: pede tellurem pulsare, i. e. dance, H.: cycnum pedibus uncis Sustulit, talons, V.: pedum digiti, toes, O.: numquam huc tetulissem pedem, would have come hither, T.: Nusquam pedem (sc. feram), I won't stir a step, T.: pedem ferre, go, V.: si in fundo pedem posuisses, set foot: profugum referre pedem, return, O.: magis pedem conferre, come to closer quarters: ut prope conlato pede gereretur res, almost hand to hand, L.: votis malignum Opponit nostris pedem, sets her foot against (of Fortune), O.: retrahitque pedem simul unda relabens, V.: ego me in pedes (dedi), took to my heels, T.— Abl plur. (rarely sing.), of motion, afoot, on foot, marching, walking: pedibus vincere, in running, O.: cum ingressus iter pedibus sit: pedibus compensari pecuniam, i. e. the long walk to the property makes up for its cheapness: ut omnes pedibus mererent, serve as infantry, L.: cum illud iter pedibus confici soleat, by land: quod flumen pedibus transiri potest, be forded, Cs.: in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur, i. e. when a division was taken on this question, L.: cum omnes in sententiam eius pedibus irent, voted for his resolution, L.: Quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas, O.: tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo, expressive of favor, V.: Ripa felici tacta sit pede, propitious, O.: quid tam dextro pede concipis, etc., auspiciously (the right foot being associated with good omens), Iu.— Acc plur. with ad: ad pedes descensum ab Romanis est, the Romans dismounted, L.: magnā ex parte ad pedes pugna venerat, mainly an infantry fight, L.: ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio, supplicating each: vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis: cui cum se maesta turba ad pedes provolvisset, L.— In expression of subjection or inferiority: servus a pedibus, footman: Omnia sub pedibus vertique regique, under their sway, V.: duas urbīs sub pedibus tuis relinquemus, L.: Sub pedibus timor est, is spurned, O.—In the phrase, pedibus trahi, to be dragged by the heels, go to the dogs: trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei.—In the phrase, ante pedes, before the feet, in plain view, evident: quod ante pedes est, Videre, T.: eos ante pedes suos iugulari coëgit.—In phrases with caput: tuas res ita contractas, ut nec caput nec pedes (habeant), i. e. neither beginning nor end: ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae, i. e. the several parts, H.—In the phrase, manibus pedibus, with might and main: Conari manibus pedibus noctīsque et dies, T.—Meton., of a couch or table, a foot, leg, prop: Lectuli pedes, T.: mensae, O.: grabati, a handle, Ct.—In navigation, a sheet, sail-rope: pede labitur aequo, i. e. before the wind, O.: pedibus aequis: unā omnes fecere pedem, i. e. let out the sheet, V.—In verse, a foot: herous: pedibus claudere verba, to make verses, H.: Musa per undenos emodulanda pedes, in hexameters and pentameters, O.: extremum seu trahat pedem, i. e. limps (of the choliambus), O.— A kind of verse, measure: Et pede, quo debent acria bella geri, O.: Lesbius, H. —As a measure, a foot: intervallum pedum duorum, Cs.: pedem discessisse: pede suo se metiri, by his own foot-rule, i. e. by his own abilities, H.
    * * *

    Latin-English dictionary > pēs

  • 11 influencia

    f.
    influence.
    tuvo gran influencia sobre el resultado de las elecciones it had a considerable influence on the result of the election, it heavily influenced the result of the election
    bajo la influencia de la anestesia under (the influence of) the anesomethingetic
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: influenciar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: influenciar.
    * * *
    1 influence
    \
    tener influencia sobre alguien to have an influence on somebody
    tener influencias to be influential
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=influjo) influence

    la tele tiene influencia negativa sobre mis hijos — telly has o is a bad influence on my children

    2) pl influencias (=contactos) contacts
    tráfico 3)
    * * *
    1) ( influjo) influence

    influencia en or sobre algo — influence on o upon something

    2) influencias femenino plural ( contactos) contacts (pl)
    * * *
    = force, influence, lever, leverage, say, clout, good offices, sway.
    Ex. Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.
    Ex. All these influences are at work before a child goes to school, yet until quite recently we have behaved as though good teaching in good schools was enough to compensate for the disabilities of verbally impoverished children.
    Ex. An indication that the Commission would be prepared to accept a borderline project would provide a useful lever when the application is passed to the UK Government.
    Ex. At certain times, dubious interpretations of the rules have even been used as leverage in gaining ground on matters of dispute between Community partners.
    Ex. I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.
    Ex. IT executives would like to see their role in the organization elevated, giving them more ' clout', stature and visibility.
    Ex. This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.
    Ex. During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.
    ----
    * área de influencia = remit.
    * buena influencia = good influence.
    * campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.
    * conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink driving, drunk driving.
    * conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol = drive while under + the influence of alcohol.
    * de gran influencia = seminal.
    * ejercer influencia = exert + influence, wield + influence, deliver + clout.
    * ejercer influencia (sobre) = come to + bear influence (on).
    * ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.
    * esfera de influencia = sphere of influence.
    * extender la influencia = spread + influence.
    * hacer uso de influencias = pull + strings.
    * influencia de los amigos = peer influence.
    * influencia económica = economic influence.
    * influencia electoral = coattails, political coattails, electoral coattails.
    * influencia histórica = historical influence.
    * influencia política = political clout, political influence.
    * influencia social = social influence.
    * mala influencia = bad seed, bad influence.
    * perder influencia = lose + clout.
    * tener influencias = have + pull.
    * tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.
    * traficante de influencias = power broker.
    * tráfico de influencias = spoils system, nepotism.
    * valerse de influencias = pull + strings.
    * * *
    1) ( influjo) influence

    influencia en or sobre algo — influence on o upon something

    2) influencias femenino plural ( contactos) contacts (pl)
    * * *
    = force, influence, lever, leverage, say, clout, good offices, sway.

    Ex: Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.

    Ex: All these influences are at work before a child goes to school, yet until quite recently we have behaved as though good teaching in good schools was enough to compensate for the disabilities of verbally impoverished children.
    Ex: An indication that the Commission would be prepared to accept a borderline project would provide a useful lever when the application is passed to the UK Government.
    Ex: At certain times, dubious interpretations of the rules have even been used as leverage in gaining ground on matters of dispute between Community partners.
    Ex: I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.
    Ex: IT executives would like to see their role in the organization elevated, giving them more ' clout', stature and visibility.
    Ex: This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.
    Ex: During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.
    * área de influencia = remit.
    * buena influencia = good influence.
    * campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.
    * conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink driving, drunk driving.
    * conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol = drive while under + the influence of alcohol.
    * de gran influencia = seminal.
    * ejercer influencia = exert + influence, wield + influence, deliver + clout.
    * ejercer influencia (sobre) = come to + bear influence (on).
    * ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.
    * esfera de influencia = sphere of influence.
    * extender la influencia = spread + influence.
    * hacer uso de influencias = pull + strings.
    * influencia de los amigos = peer influence.
    * influencia económica = economic influence.
    * influencia electoral = coattails, political coattails, electoral coattails.
    * influencia histórica = historical influence.
    * influencia política = political clout, political influence.
    * influencia social = social influence.
    * mala influencia = bad seed, bad influence.
    * perder influencia = lose + clout.
    * tener influencias = have + pull.
    * tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.
    * traficante de influencias = power broker.
    * tráfico de influencias = spoils system, nepotism.
    * valerse de influencias = pull + strings.

    * * *
    A (influjo) influence
    el edificio es de or tiene influencia barroca the building displays baroque influence
    bajo la influencia del alcohol under the influence of alcohol
    influencia EN or SOBRE algo influence ON o UPON sth
    los clásicos ejercieron una gran influencia en su obra his works were greatly influenced by the classics, the classics had an important influence on his works
    la influencia de los astros sobre la vida humana the influence of the stars on human life
    influencia SOBRE algn influence ON sb
    esa mujer ejerce una mala influencia sobre ti that woman is o has a bad influence on you
    B influencias fpl (contactos) contacts (pl)
    tiene influencias en las altas esferas she's got friends in high places, she's got influential contacts
    * * *

     

    Del verbo influenciar: ( conjugate influenciar)

    influencia es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    influencia    
    influenciar
    influencia sustantivo femenino
    1 ( influjo) influence;

    influencia en or sobre algo influence on o upon sth;
    influencia sobre algn influence on sb
    2
    ◊ influencias sustantivo femenino plural ( contactos) contacts (pl)

    influenciar ( conjugate influenciar) verbo transitivo
    to influence
    influencia sustantivo femenino
    1 (ascendencia, efecto) influence: tiene mucha influencia sobre él, he has a lot of influence on/over him
    2 influencias (contacto con personas decisivas); tener influencias, to be influential
    tráfico de influencias, insider trading/dealing
    influenciar verbo transitivo to influence
    ' influencia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ámbito
    - contacto
    - ejercer
    - menoscabo
    - militarista
    - neutralizar
    - órbita
    - palanca
    - parcela
    - peso
    - regusto
    - sobre
    - benéfico
    - capital
    - enchufe
    - extender
    - exterior
    - externo
    - maléfico
    - maligno
    - malsano
    - menguar
    - nefasto
    - nocivo
    - poder
    - vara
    English:
    architecture
    - clout
    - DUI
    - exert
    - expansion
    - extend
    - influence
    - pull
    - shrink
    - shrinkage
    - sphere
    - stretch
    - sway
    * * *
    1. [poder] influence;
    ejerce una gran influencia sobre su marido she has a lot of influence over her husband;
    está creciendo su influencia dentro del partido her influence within the party is growing;
    tuvo gran influencia sobre el resultado de las elecciones it had a considerable influence on the result of the election, it greatly influenced the result of the election;
    un país dentro de la esfera de influencia de Rusia a country within Russia's sphere of influence;
    bajo la influencia de la anestesia under (the influence of the) anaesthetic
    2.
    influencias [contactos] contacts, pull;
    consiguió ese puesto por influencias she got that job through knowing the right people
    * * *
    f influence;
    tener influencias have contacts
    * * *
    influjo: influence
    * * *
    influencia n influence

    Spanish-English dictionary > influencia

  • 12 dominio

    m.
    1 control.
    2 authority, power.
    3 domain (territorio).
    4 mastery (conocimiento) (de arte, técnica).
    5 domain (computing).
    * * *
    1 (soberanía) dominion
    2 (poder) power, control
    3 (supremacía) supremacy
    4 (de conocimientos) mastery, good knowledge; (de un idioma) good command
    5 (territorio) domain
    \
    dominio de sí mismo self-control
    ejercer dominio to exert control
    ser del dominio público to be public knowledge
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) dominance, domination
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=control) control

    dominio de sí mismo, dominio sobre sí mismo — self-control

    2) (=conocimiento) command

    es impresionante su dominio del inglés — his command of o fluency in English is impressive

    ¡qué dominio tiene! — isn't he good at it?

    3) (=autoridad) authority ( sobre over)
    4) (=territorio) dominion
    5) (Educ) field, domain
    6) (Inform) domain
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( control) control
    b) (de idioma, tema) command

    se requiere perfecto dominio del inglés — fluent English o perfect command of English required

    c) (ámbito de ciencia, arte) sphere
    2)
    a) (Hist, Pol) dominion
    b) dominios masculino plural ( colonias) dominions (pl)
    * * *
    = area, dominance, realm, command, mastery, domain, domination, dominion, grip, pervasiveness, primacy, preserve, rule, sway.
    Ex. The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.
    Ex. The arrangements should also negotiate resistance to perceived 'American dominance', erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.
    Ex. Nevertheless, this situation does not appropriately demonstrate what is normally conceived to be the realm of indexing systems.
    Ex. Businesses are using all of the new communicating technological developments to increase their command over the information they need.
    Ex. The library has proven to be an imperfect panacea, and the librarian has suffered a definite loss of mastery.
    Ex. The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.
    Ex. He cautions, however, that this approach can also mean domination of one person by another.
    Ex. The author reviews the sources of information relating to the emigration of Indians to the various British dominions, colonies and other countries for the period 1830-1950.
    Ex. It is therefore often hard to escape the grip of the official phraseology for fear that, in doing so, the meaning of the material will be altered or lost.
    Ex. New technologies are leading to a gradual recognition of the importance of information and of its pervasiveness throughout society and the economy.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'The classification of literature in the Dewey Decimal Classification: the primacy of language and the taint of colonialism' = El artículo se titula "La clasificación de la literatura en la Clasificación Decimal de Dewey: la primacía del lenguaje y el daño del colonialismo".
    Ex. This article discusses the role of the librarian, who may view on-line as either status-enhancing or their own preserve.
    Ex. The British in Malaya used education as a divisive factor to prolong their rule, while the Americans in the Philippines adopted a 'Philippines for the Filipinos' policy = Los británicos en Malaya usaron la educación como un factor divisorio para prolongar su dominio, mientras los americanos en las Filipinas adoptaron una política de "Las Filipinas para los filipinos".
    Ex. During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.
    ----
    * afianzar el dominio sobre = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].
    * dominio completo = stranglehold.
    * dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.
    * dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.
    * dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.
    * dominio perfecto = a fine art.
    * dominio público = public domain.
    * dominio total = stranglehold.
    * entrar dentro del dominio de = fall under + the umbrella of.
    * nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.
    * nombre de dominio = domain name.
    * programa de dominio público = public domain software.
    * ser de dominio público = be public domain.
    * ser el dominio de = be the domain of.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( control) control
    b) (de idioma, tema) command

    se requiere perfecto dominio del inglés — fluent English o perfect command of English required

    c) (ámbito de ciencia, arte) sphere
    2)
    a) (Hist, Pol) dominion
    b) dominios masculino plural ( colonias) dominions (pl)
    * * *
    = area, dominance, realm, command, mastery, domain, domination, dominion, grip, pervasiveness, primacy, preserve, rule, sway.

    Ex: The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.

    Ex: The arrangements should also negotiate resistance to perceived 'American dominance', erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.
    Ex: Nevertheless, this situation does not appropriately demonstrate what is normally conceived to be the realm of indexing systems.
    Ex: Businesses are using all of the new communicating technological developments to increase their command over the information they need.
    Ex: The library has proven to be an imperfect panacea, and the librarian has suffered a definite loss of mastery.
    Ex: The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.
    Ex: He cautions, however, that this approach can also mean domination of one person by another.
    Ex: The author reviews the sources of information relating to the emigration of Indians to the various British dominions, colonies and other countries for the period 1830-1950.
    Ex: It is therefore often hard to escape the grip of the official phraseology for fear that, in doing so, the meaning of the material will be altered or lost.
    Ex: New technologies are leading to a gradual recognition of the importance of information and of its pervasiveness throughout society and the economy.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'The classification of literature in the Dewey Decimal Classification: the primacy of language and the taint of colonialism' = El artículo se titula "La clasificación de la literatura en la Clasificación Decimal de Dewey: la primacía del lenguaje y el daño del colonialismo".
    Ex: This article discusses the role of the librarian, who may view on-line as either status-enhancing or their own preserve.
    Ex: The British in Malaya used education as a divisive factor to prolong their rule, while the Americans in the Philippines adopted a 'Philippines for the Filipinos' policy = Los británicos en Malaya usaron la educación como un factor divisorio para prolongar su dominio, mientras los americanos en las Filipinas adoptaron una política de "Las Filipinas para los filipinos".
    Ex: During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.
    * afianzar el dominio sobre = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].
    * dominio completo = stranglehold.
    * dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.
    * dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.
    * dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.
    * dominio perfecto = a fine art.
    * dominio público = public domain.
    * dominio total = stranglehold.
    * entrar dentro del dominio de = fall under + the umbrella of.
    * nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.
    * nombre de dominio = domain name.
    * programa de dominio público = public domain software.
    * ser de dominio público = be public domain.
    * ser el dominio de = be the domain of.

    * * *
    A
    1 (control) control
    bajo el dominio árabe under Arab control o rule
    en ningún momento perdió el dominio de sí mismo at no time did he lose his self-control
    en pleno dominio de sus facultades in full command of her faculties
    para ampliar su dominio to extend their control o dominance
    el dominio de su país sobre los mares their country's naval supremacy
    2 (de un idioma, un tema) command
    su dominio de estas técnicas her command o mastery of these techniques
    se requiere perfecto dominio del inglés fluent English o perfect command of English required
    el escritor tiene un gran dominio del lenguaje the author has an excellent command of the language
    ser del dominio público to be public knowledge
    3
    (ámbito, campo): el dominio de las letras the field o sphere of letters
    entra en el dominio de la fantasía it moves into the realms of fantasy
    B
    1 ( Hist, Pol) dominion
    2 dominios mpl (colonias) dominions (pl)
    C ( Inf) domain
    nombre de dominio domain name
    * * *

     

    dominio sustantivo masculino
    1


    b) (de idioma, tema) command;


    2
    a) (Hist, Pol) dominion

    b)

    ◊ dominios sustantivo masculino plural ( colonias) dominions (pl)

    3 (Inf) domain
    dominio sustantivo masculino
    1 (poder) control: tiene mucho dominio de sí mismo, he's very self-controlled
    2 (conocimiento profundo) command, grasp
    3 (ámbito, campo) scope, sphere
    4 (territorio) lands
    (colonias) colonies
    ♦ Locuciones: ser de dominio público, to be public knowledge
    ' dominio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    absoluta
    - absoluto
    - contención
    - control
    - lastre
    - pública
    - público
    - señorío
    - garra
    English:
    astonishing
    - command
    - domain
    - dominion
    - excellent
    - mastery
    - out
    - preserve
    - realm
    - rule
    - self-command
    - self-composure
    - self-control
    - self-restraint
    - stranglehold
    - sway
    - control
    - dominance
    - hold
    - public
    - self
    - strangle
    * * *
    1. [dominación] control ( sobre over);
    la guerrilla tiene el dominio sobre esta zona this area is under guerrilla control;
    territorios bajo dominio romano territory under Roman rule;
    tenía al partido bajo su absoluto dominio he had the party under his absolute control;
    el dominio del partido correspondió al equipo visitante the visiting team had the best of the match;
    en ningún momento perdió el dominio de la situación at no time did he lose control of the situation;
    trata de mantener el dominio de ti mismo try to keep control of yourself
    2. [territorio] domain;
    un antiguo dominio portugués a former Portuguese territory o colony;
    la caza estaba prohibida en sus dominios hunting was forbidden on his land o domain
    3. [ámbito] realm, field;
    temas que pertenecen al dominio de la cibernética topics relating to the field of cybernetics;
    entramos en los dominios de la ciencia ficción we are entering the realms of science fiction
    4. [conocimiento] [de arte, técnica] mastery;
    [de idiomas] command;
    su dominio del tema his mastery of the subject;
    tiene un buen dominio del pincel she has a good command of the brush;
    para el puesto requerimos dominio de al menos dos lenguas the post requires mastery of at least two languages;
    tiene un gran dominio del balón he has great ball control;
    ser de dominio público to be public knowledge;
    era de dominio público que vivían separados it was common o public knowledge that they were living apart
    5. Informát domain
    dominio público public domain
    6. Der [propiedad] ownership, domain
    * * *
    m
    1 control;
    dominio de sí mismo self-control
    2 fig: de idioma command
    3 INFOR domain
    4
    :
    ser del dominio público be in the public domain
    * * *
    1) : dominion, power
    2) : mastery
    3) : domain, field
    * * *
    1. (control, poder) control / rule
    2. (conocimiento) command

    Spanish-English dictionary > dominio

  • 13 wiegen

    to dandle; to weigh
    * * *
    wie|gen I ['viːgn]
    1. vt
    1) (= hin und her bewegen) to rock; Kopf to shake (slowly); Hüften to sway; (Wind) Äste etc to sway

    wíégende Bewegung — swaying motion

    einen wíégenden Gang haben — to sway one's hips when one walks

    2) (= zerkleinern) to chop up
    2. vr
    (Boot etc) to rock (gently); (Mensch, Äste etc) to sway

    sich im Tanz wíégen — to do an undulating dance

    sich in trügerischen Hoffnungen wíégen — to nurture false hopes

    II pret wog [voːk] ptp gewogen [gə'voːgn]
    vti
    (= abwiegen) to weigh

    wie viel wiegst du? — how heavy are you?, what do you weigh?

    schwer wíégen (fig) — to carry a lot of weight; (Irrtum)

    gewogen und zu leicht befunden (Bibl fig) — fig) weighed and found wanting

    See:
    → auch gewogen
    * * *
    1) (to hold or rock as if in a cradle: She cradled the child in her arms.) cradle
    2) (to swing (a baby) gently in one's arms to comfort it or make it sleep.) rock
    3) (to find the heaviness of (something) by placing it on a scale: He weighed himself on the bathroom scales; You must have your luggage weighed at the airport.) weigh
    4) (to be equal to in heaviness: This parcel weighs one kilo; How much / What does this box weigh?) weigh
    * * *
    wie·gen1
    <wog, gewogen>
    [ˈvi:gn̩]
    I. vt
    ▪ jdn/etw \wiegen to weigh sb/sth
    ▪ sich akk \wiegen to weigh oneself
    II. vi to weigh
    viel/wenig/eine bestimmte Anzahl von Kilo \wiegen to weigh a lot/not to weigh much/to weigh a certain number of kilos
    wie·gen2
    I. vt
    ▪ jdn/etw \wiegen to rock sb/sth
    den Kopf \wiegen to shake one's head [slowly]
    die Hüften/den Oberkörper \wiegen to sway one's hips/one's torso
    ▪ etw \wiegen to chop sth [finely]
    II. vr
    ▪ sich akk [zu etw dat] \wiegen to sway [to sth]
    ▪ sich akk in etw dat \wiegen to gain [or get] a false impression of sth
    sich akk [nicht zu früh] in Sicherheit \wiegen [not] to lull oneself [too early on] into a false sense of security
    * * *
    I
    unregelmäßiges transitives, intransitives Verb, weigh

    was od. wieviel wiegst du? — how much do you weigh?; what weight or how heavy are you?

    schwer wiegen — (fig.) carry weight

    II 1.
    transitives Verb rock; shake < head> (in doubt)
    2.
    reflexives Verb <boat, cradle, etc.> rock; <person, branch, etc.> sway
    * * *
    wiegen1; wiegt, wog, hat gewogen
    A. v/t weigh;
    das ist reichlich/knapp gewogen it’s a bit over/under;
    gewogen und zu leicht befunden fig weighed and found wanting
    B. v/i
    1. weigh;
    zu viel/wenig wiegen be over/under weight;
    schwerer wiegen als be heavier than, weigh more than, outweigh;
    wie viel wiegen Sie? how much do you weigh?
    2. fig:
    schwer wiegen carry weight;
    bedeutend schwerer wiegen (als) Tat, Vergehen, Fehler etc: be considerably more serious (than)
    C. v/r weigh o.s.
    wiegen2
    A. v/t
    1. (schaukeln) rock (
    in den Schlaf to sleep)
    B. v/r sway; Boot: auch rock;
    sich in den Hüften wiegen sway one’s hips;
    wiegender Gang swaying walk;
    sich in der Hoffnung wiegen, dass … fig cherish the hope that …; → Sicherheit 1
    * * *
    I
    unregelmäßiges transitives, intransitives Verb, weigh

    was od. wieviel wiegst du? — how much do you weigh?; what weight or how heavy are you?

    schwer wiegen — (fig.) carry weight

    II 1.
    transitives Verb rock; shake < head> (in doubt)
    2.
    reflexives Verb <boat, cradle, etc.> rock; <person, branch, etc.> sway
    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,pp.: wog, gewogen)
    = to dandle v.
    to weigh (on) v.
    to weigh v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > wiegen

  • 14 controlar

    v.
    1 to control.
    Pedro controla su vida al fin Peter controls his life at last.
    María controla a sus hijos con lástima Mary controls her kids through pity.
    2 to check.
    3 to watch, to keep an eye on.
    4 to take over, to control.
    María controla los negocios Mary takes over business.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to control
    2 (comprobar) to check
    1 (moderarse) to control oneself
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=dominar) [+ situación, emoción, balón, vehículo, inflación] to control

    los rebeldes controlan ya todo el país — the rebels now control the whole country, the rebels are now in control of the whole country

    no controlo muy bien ese tema — * I'm not very hot on that subject *

    2) (=vigilar)

    contrólame al niño mientras yo estoy fuera — * can you keep an eye on the child while I'm out

    controla que no hierva el café — * make sure the coffee doesn't boil, see that the coffee doesn't boil

    3) (=regular) to control
    2.
    VI *
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control
    2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitor

    controlar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline

    3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control
    2.
    controlarse v pron
    1) ( dominarse) to control oneself
    2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor
    * * *
    = control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.
    Ex. These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.
    Ex. The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.
    Ex. It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.
    Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
    Ex. Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.
    Ex. Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.
    Ex. Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.
    Ex. After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.
    Ex. For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.
    Ex. The library director strove to master his frustration.
    Ex. Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.
    Ex. The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.
    Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.
    Ex. This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.
    Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.
    Ex. The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.
    Ex. Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.
    Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex. This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.
    Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.
    Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.
    Ex. Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.
    Ex. This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.
    Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.
    Ex. The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.
    Ex. A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.
    Ex. Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.
    Ex. Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.
    Ex. This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.
    Ex. If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.
    Ex. The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.
    ----
    * controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.
    * controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.
    * controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.
    * controlar la situación = tame + the beast.
    * controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.
    * controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control
    2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitor

    controlar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline

    3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control
    2.
    controlarse v pron
    1) ( dominarse) to control oneself
    2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor
    * * *
    = control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.

    Ex: These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.

    Ex: The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.
    Ex: It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.
    Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
    Ex: Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.
    Ex: Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.
    Ex: Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.
    Ex: After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.
    Ex: For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.
    Ex: The library director strove to master his frustration.
    Ex: Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.
    Ex: The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.
    Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.
    Ex: This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.
    Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.
    Ex: The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.
    Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.
    Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex: This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.
    Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.
    Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.
    Ex: Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.
    Ex: This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.
    Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.
    Ex: The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.
    Ex: A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.
    Ex: Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.
    Ex: Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.
    Ex: This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.
    Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.
    Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.
    * controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.
    * controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.
    * controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.
    * controlar la situación = tame + the beast.
    * controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.
    * controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.

    * * *
    controlar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹nervios/impulsos/emociones› to control; ‹persona/animal› to control
    controlamos la situación we are in control of the situation, we have the situation under control
    el incendio fue rápidamente controlado por los bomberos the firemen quickly got o brought the fire under control
    controlan ahora toda la zona they now control o they are now in control of the whole area
    pasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company
    2 ( fam); ‹tema› to know about
    estos temas no los controlo I don't know anything about these things, I'm not too well up on o hot on these things ( colloq)
    B
    (vigilar): tiene que controlar su peso he has to watch o check o ( frml) monitor his weight
    deja de controlar todos mis gastos stop checking up on how much I spend the whole time
    me tienen muy controlada they keep a close watch o they keep tabs on everything I do, they keep me on a very tight rein
    el portero controlaba las entradas y salidas the porter kept a check on everyone who came in or out
    controlé el tiempo que me llevó I timed myself o how long it took me
    C (regular) to control
    este mecanismo controla la presión this mechanism regulates o controls the pressure
    medidas para controlar la inflación measures to control inflation o to bring inflation under control
    D ( Dep) (en doping) to administer a test to
    fue controlado positivo tras su victoria he tested positive after his victory
    lo controlaron negativo he was tested negative
    A (dominarse) to control oneself
    si no se controla acabará alcoholizado if he doesn't get a grip o a hold on himself he's going to become an alcoholic
    B (vigilar) ‹peso/colesterol› to check, watch, monitor ( frml)
    se controla el peso regularmente she checks her weight regularly, she keeps a regular check on her weight
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    controlar    
    controlar algo
    controlar ( conjugate controlar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹nervios/impulsos/persona› to control;
    ‹ incendio› to bring … under control;

    pasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company
    2 ‹inflación/proceso› to monitor;
    ‹ persona› to keep a check on;
    ◊ controlar el peso/la línea to watch one's weight/one's waistline;

    controlé el tiempo que me llevó I timed how long it took me
    3 ( regular) ‹presión/inflación› to control
    controlarse verbo pronominal ( dominarse) to control oneself;
    ( vigilar) ‹peso/colesterol› to check, monitor
    controlar verbo transitivo
    1 to control
    2 (comprobar) to check
    ' controlar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dominar
    - fraude
    - manejar
    - potingue
    - sujetar
    - contener
    English:
    control
    - grip
    - hold down
    - manage
    - monitor
    - regiment
    - spot-check
    - stamp out
    - check
    - discipline
    - help
    - unruly
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [dominar] to control;
    controlar la situación to be in control of the situation;
    la empresa controla el 30 por ciento del mercado the company controls 30 percent of the market;
    los bomberos todavía no han conseguido controlar el incendio firefighters have still not managed to bring the fire under control;
    medidas para controlar los precios measures to control prices
    2. [comprobar, verificar] to check;
    controla el nivel del aceite check the oil level;
    controlan continuamente su tensión arterial they are continuously monitoring his blood pressure
    3. [vigilar] to watch, to keep an eye on;
    la policía controla todos sus movimientos the police watch his every move;
    nos controlan la hora de llegada they keep a check on when we arrive;
    controla que no se cuele nadie see o make sure that no one Br jumps the queue o US cuts in line
    ♦ vi
    Fam [saber] to know;
    Rosa controla un montón de química Rosa knows loads about chemistry
    * * *
    v/t
    1 control
    2 ( vigilar) check
    * * *
    1) : to control
    2) : to monitor, to check
    * * *
    1. (dominar) to control [pt. & pp. controlled]
    2. (comprobar) to check

    Spanish-English dictionary > controlar

  • 15 vaivén

    m.
    sway, oscillation, back and forth motion, back and forth movement.
    Las clases reiniciaron The courses reopened.
    * * *
    1 (oscilación) swaying, swinging, to-and-fro movement; (balanceo) rocking
    2 (ir y venir) coming and going, bustle
    3 figurado (cambio) fluctuation, change
    \
    los vaivenes de la vida figurado life's ups and downs
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) change, instability
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=balanceo) swaying; (=acción de mecerse) rocking; [de columpio] swinging; (=ir y venir) to-ing and fro-ing; [de pistón] backward and forward motion; (=sacudidas) lurching
    2) [de tráfico, circulación] constant movement
    3) [de la suerte] change of fortune
    4) (Pol) swing, seesaw, teeter-totter (EEUU)
    5) pl vaivenes (=altibajos) ups and downs, vicissitudes frm
    * * *
    masculino (de columpio, péndulo) swinging; ( de tren) rocking; ( de barco) rolling; ( de mecedora) rocking; ( de gente) toing and froing
    * * *
    = shuttling back and forth, flip-flop, seesaw [see-saw], swaying, sway.
    Ex. Bereday calls this type of comparison 'balanced' and describes it as 'a systematic shuttling back and forth between the areas under study'.
    Ex. Within this debate, there is flip-flop between those who argue for methods influenced by objectivism and those who argue for a more egalitarian approach.
    Ex. The data provides statistical evidence for the existence of a ' seesaw' relationship between density in spring, autumn, and the following spring.
    Ex. The movements of the dancers imitate the swaying of flowers in the gently rolling fields of the countryside.
    Ex. She has an easy grace about her, a slinky sway to her stride that teasingly invites contact and beckons lecherous admiration.
    * * *
    masculino (de columpio, péndulo) swinging; ( de tren) rocking; ( de barco) rolling; ( de mecedora) rocking; ( de gente) toing and froing
    * * *
    = shuttling back and forth, flip-flop, seesaw [see-saw], swaying, sway.

    Ex: Bereday calls this type of comparison 'balanced' and describes it as 'a systematic shuttling back and forth between the areas under study'.

    Ex: Within this debate, there is flip-flop between those who argue for methods influenced by objectivism and those who argue for a more egalitarian approach.
    Ex: The data provides statistical evidence for the existence of a ' seesaw' relationship between density in spring, autumn, and the following spring.
    Ex: The movements of the dancers imitate the swaying of flowers in the gently rolling fields of the countryside.
    Ex: She has an easy grace about her, a slinky sway to her stride that teasingly invites contact and beckons lecherous admiration.

    * * *
    1 (de un columpio, péndulo) swinging; (de un tren) rocking; (de un barco) rolling; (de una mecedora) rocking
    2 (de gente) toing and froing
    los vaivenes de la fortuna the ups and downs of fortune, the swings of fortune
    * * *

    vaivén sustantivo masculino (de columpio, péndulo) swinging;
    ( de tren) rocking;
    ( de barco) rolling;
    ( de mecedora) rocking;
    ( de gente) toing and froing
    vaivén sustantivo masculino
    1 (movimiento oscilante: de un cuerpo suspendido) swinging
    (: de una cuna, de un tren) rocking
    (: de un barco) rolling
    (: de una persona) swing
    2 (cambio inesperado) swing
    los vaivenes de la fortuna, the ups and downs of fortune
    ' vaivén' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    tumbo
    English:
    jigsaw
    - swing
    * * *
    1. [balanceo] [de barco] swaying, rocking;
    [de péndulo, columpio] swinging
    2. [fluctuación]
    vaivenes ups and downs;
    los vaivenes de la economía the ups and downs of the economy
    * * *
    m to-and-fro;
    vaivenes pl fig ups and downs
    * * *
    1) : swinging, swaying, rocking
    2) : change, fluctuation
    los vaivenes de la vida: life's ups and downs

    Spanish-English dictionary > vaivén

  • 16 Schwanken

    v/i
    1. (hat geschwankt) sway; Boden, Gelände: auch shake, tremble; Boot: rock (from side to side); (taumeln) sway (from side to side), totter; bes. Betrunkener: auch stagger, reel; unter einer Last schwanken stagger under a load
    2. (ist) stagger, totter; er schwankte über die Straße / aus dem Lokal he tottered ( oder staggered) across the street / out of the pub (Am. bar)
    3. (hat) fig. (unentschlossen sein) vacillate, waver, dither; (sich ändern) vary; abwechselnd: alternate; WIRTS., Kurse, Preise: fluctuate; Temperatur, TECH., Messwerte etc.: fluctuate, vary; ich schwanke noch fig. I’m still undecided ( oder dithering), I haven’t made up my mind yet; ich schwanke noch zwischen Malta und Zypern I still can’t decide whether to go to Malta or Cyprus; zwischen Hoffen und Bangen schwanken waver between hope and anxiety; die Meinungen schwanken opinions vary; er schwankte einen Augenblick, bevor er... after a moment of indecision he...; siehe auch wanken
    * * *
    to stagger; to sway; to hover; to rock; to roll; to fluctuate; to range; to waver; to vacillate; to falter; to oscillate; to wobble; to reel; to seesaw; to swing
    * * *
    schwạn|ken ['ʃvaŋkn]
    vi
    1) (= wanken, sich wiegen) to sway; (Schiff) (auf und ab) to pitch; (seitwärts) to roll; (= beben) to shake, to rock
    2) aux sein (= gehen) to stagger, to totter
    3) (Preise, Temperatur, Stimmung etc) to fluctuate, to vary; (Gebrauch, Schätzungen, Angaben) to vary; (PHYS, MATH) to fluctuate; (Kompassnadel etc) to swing, to oscillate
    4) (= hin und her gerissen werden) to vacillate; (= wechseln) to alternate
    5) (= zögern) to hesitate; (= sich nicht schlüssig sein) to waver, to vacillate

    schwanken, ob — to hesitate as to whether, to be undecided (as to) whether

    6)

    ins Schwanken kommen or geraten (Baum, Gebäude etc) — to start to sway; (Erde) to start to shake or rock; (Preise, Kurs, Temperatur etc) to start to fluctuate or vary; (Autorität, Überzeugung etc) to begin to waver; (Institution) to begin to totter

    * * *
    1) ((with between) to be undecided: She hovered between leaving and staying.) hover
    2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) range
    3) (to sway, move or walk unsteadily: The drunk man staggered along the road.) stagger
    * * *
    schwan·ken
    [ˈʃvaŋkn̩]
    vi
    1. Hilfsverb: haben (schwingen) to sway
    ins S\schwanken geraten to begin to sway [or swaying
    2. Hilfsverb: sein (wanken) to stagger [or reel]
    ▪ irgendwohin \schwanken to stagger [or reel] somewhere
    der Betrunkene schwankte über die Straße the drunk tottered over the road
    3. Hilfsverb: haben (nicht stabil sein) to fluctuate [or vary]
    seine Stimme schwankte his voice wavered
    4. Hilfsverb: haben (unentschlossen sein)
    ▪ [noch] \schwanken to be [still] undecided
    ich schwanke noch, ob wir erst morgen oder doch schon heute fahren sollen I'm still unsure [or still hesitating] whether we should leave today or tomorrow
    ▪ zwischen zwei Dingen \schwanken to be torn between two things
    ▪ das S\schwanken indecision, indecisiveness
    jdn \schwanken[d] machen to weaken sb's resolve
    ein \schwankender Charakter a hesitant character
    * * *
    intransitives Verb (mit Richtungsangabe mit sein)
    1) sway; < boat> rock; (heftiger) roll; <ground, floor> shake
    2) (fig.): (unbeständig sein) <prices, temperature, etc.> fluctuate; <number, usage, etc.> vary
    3) (fig.): (unentschieden sein) waver; (zögern) hesitate

    er schwankt noch, ob — he is still undecided [as to] whether

    * * *
    Schwanken n; -s, kein pl
    1. swaying etc;
    ins Schwanken geraten Boot: start to rock; Boden: start to sway ( oder shake, tremble); Person: start to sway ( oder totter), lose one’s balance
    2. fig variation; fluctuation etc;
    ins Schwanken geraten Regierung etc: become insecure, begin to totter; Hoffnung etc: be shaken, begin to waver;
    bei dieser Frage geriet sie ins Schwanken that question made her begin to waver ( wurde sie nervös: got her slightly flustered)
    * * *
    intransitives Verb (mit Richtungsangabe mit sein)
    1) sway; < boat> rock; (heftiger) roll; <ground, floor> shake
    2) (fig.): (unbeständig sein) <prices, temperature, etc.> fluctuate; <number, usage, etc.> vary
    3) (fig.): (unentschieden sein) waver; (zögern) hesitate

    er schwankt noch, ob — he is still undecided [as to] whether

    * * *
    n.
    dither n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Schwanken

  • 17 schwanken

    v/i
    1. (hat geschwankt) sway; Boden, Gelände: auch shake, tremble; Boot: rock (from side to side); (taumeln) sway (from side to side), totter; bes. Betrunkener: auch stagger, reel; unter einer Last schwanken stagger under a load
    2. (ist) stagger, totter; er schwankte über die Straße / aus dem Lokal he tottered ( oder staggered) across the street / out of the pub (Am. bar)
    3. (hat) fig. (unentschlossen sein) vacillate, waver, dither; (sich ändern) vary; abwechselnd: alternate; WIRTS., Kurse, Preise: fluctuate; Temperatur, TECH., Messwerte etc.: fluctuate, vary; ich schwanke noch fig. I’m still undecided ( oder dithering), I haven’t made up my mind yet; ich schwanke noch zwischen Malta und Zypern I still can’t decide whether to go to Malta or Cyprus; zwischen Hoffen und Bangen schwanken waver between hope and anxiety; die Meinungen schwanken opinions vary; er schwankte einen Augenblick, bevor er... after a moment of indecision he...; siehe auch wanken
    * * *
    to stagger; to sway; to hover; to rock; to roll; to fluctuate; to range; to waver; to vacillate; to falter; to oscillate; to wobble; to reel; to seesaw; to swing
    * * *
    schwạn|ken ['ʃvaŋkn]
    vi
    1) (= wanken, sich wiegen) to sway; (Schiff) (auf und ab) to pitch; (seitwärts) to roll; (= beben) to shake, to rock
    2) aux sein (= gehen) to stagger, to totter
    3) (Preise, Temperatur, Stimmung etc) to fluctuate, to vary; (Gebrauch, Schätzungen, Angaben) to vary; (PHYS, MATH) to fluctuate; (Kompassnadel etc) to swing, to oscillate
    4) (= hin und her gerissen werden) to vacillate; (= wechseln) to alternate
    5) (= zögern) to hesitate; (= sich nicht schlüssig sein) to waver, to vacillate

    schwanken, ob — to hesitate as to whether, to be undecided (as to) whether

    6)

    ins Schwanken kommen or geraten (Baum, Gebäude etc) — to start to sway; (Erde) to start to shake or rock; (Preise, Kurs, Temperatur etc) to start to fluctuate or vary; (Autorität, Überzeugung etc) to begin to waver; (Institution) to begin to totter

    * * *
    1) ((with between) to be undecided: She hovered between leaving and staying.) hover
    2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) range
    3) (to sway, move or walk unsteadily: The drunk man staggered along the road.) stagger
    * * *
    schwan·ken
    [ˈʃvaŋkn̩]
    vi
    1. Hilfsverb: haben (schwingen) to sway
    ins S\schwanken geraten to begin to sway [or swaying
    2. Hilfsverb: sein (wanken) to stagger [or reel]
    ▪ irgendwohin \schwanken to stagger [or reel] somewhere
    der Betrunkene schwankte über die Straße the drunk tottered over the road
    3. Hilfsverb: haben (nicht stabil sein) to fluctuate [or vary]
    seine Stimme schwankte his voice wavered
    4. Hilfsverb: haben (unentschlossen sein)
    ▪ [noch] \schwanken to be [still] undecided
    ich schwanke noch, ob wir erst morgen oder doch schon heute fahren sollen I'm still unsure [or still hesitating] whether we should leave today or tomorrow
    ▪ zwischen zwei Dingen \schwanken to be torn between two things
    ▪ das S\schwanken indecision, indecisiveness
    jdn \schwanken[d] machen to weaken sb's resolve
    ein \schwankender Charakter a hesitant character
    * * *
    intransitives Verb (mit Richtungsangabe mit sein)
    1) sway; < boat> rock; (heftiger) roll; <ground, floor> shake
    2) (fig.): (unbeständig sein) <prices, temperature, etc.> fluctuate; <number, usage, etc.> vary
    3) (fig.): (unentschieden sein) waver; (zögern) hesitate

    er schwankt noch, ob — he is still undecided [as to] whether

    * * *
    1. (hat geschwankt) sway; Boden, Gelände: auch shake, tremble; Boot: rock (from side to side); (taumeln) sway (from side to side), totter; besonders Betrunkener: auch stagger, reel;
    unter einer Last schwanken stagger under a load
    2. (ist) stagger, totter;
    er schwankte über die Straße/aus dem Lokal he tottered ( oder staggered) across the street/out of the pub (US bar)
    3. (hat) fig (unentschlossen sein) vacillate, waver, dither; (sich ändern) vary; abwechselnd: alternate; WIRTSCH, Kurse, Preise: fluctuate; Temperatur, TECH, Messwerte etc: fluctuate, vary;
    ich schwanke noch fig I’m still undecided ( oder dithering), I haven’t made up my mind yet;
    ich schwanke noch zwischen Malta und Zypern I still can’t decide whether to go to Malta or Cyprus;
    zwischen Hoffen und Bangen schwanken waver between hope and anxiety;
    die Meinungen schwanken opinions vary;
    er schwankte einen Augenblick, bevor er … after a moment of indecision he …; → auch wanken
    * * *
    intransitives Verb (mit Richtungsangabe mit sein)
    1) sway; < boat> rock; (heftiger) roll; <ground, floor> shake
    2) (fig.): (unbeständig sein) <prices, temperature, etc.> fluctuate; <number, usage, etc.> vary
    3) (fig.): (unentschieden sein) waver; (zögern) hesitate

    er schwankt noch, ob — he is still undecided [as to] whether

    * * *
    n.
    dither n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schwanken

  • 18 tambalearse

    pron.v.
    1 to stagger, to totter (bambolearse) (person).
    2 to totter (gobierno, sistema).
    * * *
    1 (persona) to stagger, totter; (mueble) to wobble
    2 figurado to be shaky
    * * *
    VPR
    1) [persona] to stagger; [vehículo] to lurch, sway; [mueble] to wobble
    2) [gobierno] to totter
    * * *
    verbo pronominal, tambalear verbo intransitivo silla/botella to wobble; persona ( de adelante a atrás) to stagger, totter; ( de lado a lado) to sway
    * * *
    = reel, lurch, dodder, wobble, teeter, stagger.
    Ex. The article ' Reeling and writhing and fainting' outlines the problems encountered by illustrators of books.
    Ex. These comedies, especially the seven he created in his glory years, lurch breathlessly in every direction, simultaneously sophisticated and boisterous, urbane and philistine.
    Ex. The book portrays orchid growers as elderly with huge greenhouses where they doddered around caring for these erotic plants.
    Ex. This adaptation of David Leavitt's novel wobbles between comedy and melodrama, ultimately fudging the novel's spiky empathy.
    Ex. Other data from observations and interviews suggest that this seemingly effective local management system may be beginning to teeter.
    Ex. He cuffed her so hard across the face that she staggered and fell.
    ----
    * tambalearse hacia delante y hacia atrás = wobble back and forth.
    * * *
    verbo pronominal, tambalear verbo intransitivo silla/botella to wobble; persona ( de adelante a atrás) to stagger, totter; ( de lado a lado) to sway
    * * *
    = reel, lurch, dodder, wobble, teeter, stagger.

    Ex: The article ' Reeling and writhing and fainting' outlines the problems encountered by illustrators of books.

    Ex: These comedies, especially the seven he created in his glory years, lurch breathlessly in every direction, simultaneously sophisticated and boisterous, urbane and philistine.
    Ex: The book portrays orchid growers as elderly with huge greenhouses where they doddered around caring for these erotic plants.
    Ex: This adaptation of David Leavitt's novel wobbles between comedy and melodrama, ultimately fudging the novel's spiky empathy.
    Ex: Other data from observations and interviews suggest that this seemingly effective local management system may be beginning to teeter.
    Ex: He cuffed her so hard across the face that she staggered and fell.
    * tambalearse hacia delante y hacia atrás = wobble back and forth.

    * * *
    v pron,
    tambalear [A1 ]
    vi perdió el equilibrio, (se) tambaleó y cayó she lost her balance, staggered o tottered and fell
    caminaba tambaleándose por efecto del alcohol he was staggering o lurching drunkenly, he was swaying drunkenly as he walked
    el régimen empezó a tambalearse the regime began to teeter
    la botella quedó tambaleándose or tambaleando al borde de la mesa the bottle teetered on the edge of the table
    todo empezó a tambalearse everything began to shake
    * * *

    tambalearse ( conjugate tambalearse) verbo pronominal verbo intransitivo [silla/botella] to wobble;
    [ persona] to stagger;

    todo empezó a tambalearse everything began to shake
    ■tambalearse vr (persona) to totter, stagger: iba hacia la ventana tambaleándose, he staggered towards the window
    (un objeto) to wobble
    fig (un régimen, una relación) to teeter

    ' tambalearse' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bambolearse
    - trastabillar
    English:
    lurch
    - reel
    - stagger
    - sway
    - totter
    - wobble
    - teeter
    - waver
    * * *
    1. [persona] to stagger, to sway;
    [mueble, estante] to wobble, to be unsteady;
    el borracho caminaba tambaleándose the drunk was staggering o lurching along;
    el golpe hizo que se tambaleara he staggered under the blow
    2. [gobierno, economía] to totter;
    las bases de la democracia se tambalean the foundations of democracy are crumbling
    * * *
    v/r stagger, lurch; de coche sway
    * * *
    1) : to teeter
    2) : to totter, to stagger, to sway
    ♦ tambaleante adj
    * * *
    1. (mueble) to wobble
    2. (persona) to stagger

    Spanish-English dictionary > tambalearse

  • 19 sensual

    adj.
    sensual.
    * * *
    1 (de los sentidos) sensuous, sensual
    2 (del sexo) sensual
    * * *
    ADJ sensual, sensuous
    * * *
    adjetivo <boca/cuerpo> sensual, sensuous; <placeres/gesto> sensual; < descripción> sensuous
    * * *
    = sensual, sensuous, luscious, slinky [slinkier -comp., slinkiest -sup.].
    Ex. Children experience so much that is new and unknown to them every day -- a flood tide of sensual emotions, events, ideas, data of all kinds.
    Ex. Good literature insists on 'the mass and majesty' of the world -- on its concreteness and sensuous reality, and on its meanings beyond 'thisness'.
    Ex. This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.
    Ex. She has an easy grace about her, a slinky sway to her stride that teasingly invites contact and beckons lecherous admiration.
    * * *
    adjetivo <boca/cuerpo> sensual, sensuous; <placeres/gesto> sensual; < descripción> sensuous
    * * *
    = sensual, sensuous, luscious, slinky [slinkier -comp., slinkiest -sup.].

    Ex: Children experience so much that is new and unknown to them every day -- a flood tide of sensual emotions, events, ideas, data of all kinds.

    Ex: Good literature insists on 'the mass and majesty' of the world -- on its concreteness and sensuous reality, and on its meanings beyond 'thisness'.
    Ex: This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.
    Ex: She has an easy grace about her, a slinky sway to her stride that teasingly invites contact and beckons lecherous admiration.

    * * *
    ‹boca/cuerpo› sensual, sensuous; ‹placeres/gesto› sensual; ‹descripción› sensuous
    * * *

    sensual adjetivo ‹boca/cuerpo› sensual, sensuous;
    ‹placeres/gesto› sensual;
    ‹ descripción› sensuous
    sensual adjetivo sensual
    ' sensual' also found in these entries:
    English:
    sensual
    - sensuous
    - sultry
    * * *
    sensual adj
    sensual
    * * *
    adj sensual
    * * *
    sensual adj
    : sensual, sensuous
    ♦ sensualmente adv

    Spanish-English dictionary > sensual

  • 20 Einfluß

    der
    1) (the power to affect people, actions or events: He used his influence to get her the job; He should not have driven the car while under the influence of alcohol.) influence
    2) (a person or thing that has this power: She is a bad influence on him.) influence
    3) (influence: He thinks he has some pull with the headmaster.) pull
    * * *
    Ein·flussRR
    <-es, Einflüsse>
    Ein·flußALT
    <-sses, Einflüsse>
    m
    ▪ jds \Einfluß [auf jdn] sb's influence [on sb]
    ▪ der \Einfluß einer S. gen the influence of sth
    auf etw/jdn \Einfluß haben to have an influence on sth/sb
    \Einfluß auf etw/jdn ausüben to exert an influence on sth/sb
    auf etw akk \Einfluß nehmen to influence sth
    unter jds \Einfluß geraten to fall under sb's influence
    unter dem \Einfluß von jdm/etw stehen to be under sb's influence [or the influence of sb/sth]
    unter dem \Einfluß von jdm/etw under the influence of sb/sth
    2. (Beziehungen) influence, pull fig, sway
    seinen \Einfluß geltend machen to use one's influence [or pull] [or sway]
    [...] \Einfluß besitzen [o haben] to have [...] influence [or pull] [or sway]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Einfluß

Страницы
  • 1
  • 2

См. также в других словарях:

  • sway — 1. verb 1) the curtains swayed in the breeze Syn: swing, shake, undulate, move to and fro 2) she swayed on her feet Syn: stagger, wobble, rock, lurch, reel, roll 3) …   Synonyms and antonyms dictionary

  • Sway DaSafo — For other uses of Sway , see Sway (disambiguation). Sway Sway Dasafo at the MetroLive Press Shot. (2 September 2011) Background information Born 5 September 1982 …   Wikipedia

  • sway — sway1 [ sweı ] verb * 1. ) intransitive to move or swing gently from side to side: The ladder swayed precariously. Their bodies swayed to the music. a ) transitive to make something move or swing from side to side: She walked along, swaying her… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • sway — I UK [sweɪ] / US verb Word forms sway : present tense I/you/we/they sway he/she/it sways present participle swaying past tense swayed past participle swayed * 1) a) [intransitive] to move or swing gently from side to side The ladder swayed… …   English dictionary

  • Her Brother — For the 2010 film, see Otōto (2010 film). Her Brother Directed by Kon Ichikawa Produced by Hiroaki Fujii Masaichi Nagata …   Wikipedia

  • To turn under — Turn Turn (t[^u]rn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Turned}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Turning}.] [OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. ? a turner s… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • The Viscount of Adrilankha — is a fantasy novel published in three volumes and written by Steven Brust. Collectively, the three books form the third novel in the Khaavren Romances series. The novels are heavily influenced by the d Artagnan Romances written by Alexandre Dumas …   Wikipedia

  • Nicholas II — 1. (Gerard) died 1061, pope 1058 61. 2. 1868 1918, czar of Russia 1894 1917: executed 1918. * * * I Russian Nikolay Aleksandrovich born May 18, 1868, Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg, Russia died July 16/17, 1918, Yekaterinburg Tsar of Russia… …   Universalium

  • theosophy — theosophical /thee euh sof i keuhl/, theosophic, adj. theosophically, adv. theosophism, n. theosophist, n. /thee os euh fee/, n. 1. any of various forms of philosophical or religious thought based on a mystical insight into the divine nature …   Universalium

  • South Asian arts — Literary, performing, and visual arts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Myths of the popular gods, Vishnu and Shiva, in the Puranas (ancient tales) and the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics, supply material for representational and… …   Universalium

  • arts, East Asian — Introduction       music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature.       Some studies of East Asia… …   Universalium

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»