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61 ats
1) Общая лексика: (anti-tetanus serum) ПСС (противостолбнячная сыворотка) (http://www.sarid.net/earthquake/appeal102405.htm), Approved Teacher Status2) Авиация: условия приёмки, УВД, Administrative Tehminal System, Airbus Technical Specification, air traffic sector, auto throttle system, auto thrust system3) Спорт: Against The Spread4) Военный термин: Across The Scope, Advanced Tracking Sensor, Air Technical Service, Air Transport Service, Airborne Tactical SIGINT, Annual Training Site, Army Transport Service, Army topographic station, Audit Trail Server, Automated Tasking System, Salvage and Rescue Ship, accelerator test stand, acceptance test specification, acoustic target sensor, acoustic telemetry subsystem, acquisition and tracking system, active television system, advanced target system, advanced training school, advanced training squadron, air traffic section, air training scheme, air training school, air transport squadron, air-to-surface, aircraft trouble-shooting system, aircraft turnaround supervisor, aircrew training system, angle tracking subsystem, antenna test station, applications technology satellite, armament training station, automatic tactical switchboard, automatic telemetry system, automatic terminal system, automatic test system5) Техника: acoustic telescanner, acquisition target and search, advanced technology satellite program, advanced text system, advanced tubesheet sleeve, advanced turbine systems, agency training system, air transportable sonar, air-to-ship, airport traffic service, ampere-turns, analog television system, angle tracking system, automated telegraph system, automated terminal station, automatic transmission system6) Метеорология: Advanced Technology Satellites7) Юридический термин: Analytic Trouble Shooting8) Автомобильный термин: air temperature sensor (Chrysler)9) Ветеринария: American Tarantula Society10) Телекоммуникации: АСП, аналоговая система передачи11) Сокращение: Acoustic Tracking System, Advanced Tactical Support, Advanced Tactical Surveillance (aircraft), Advanced Tactical Surveillance, Advanced Technology Satellite, Advanced Tracking System, Agile Target System, Air Traffic Services, Air Traffic System, Air Transport Service / Support, Aircrew Training System (USA), American Temperance Society, American Theological Society, American Therapeutic Society, Amphibious Transport Ship, Astronomical Time Switch, Atelier de Construction de Tarbes (France), Automated Telemetry System, Automatic Tray Sleever, Aviation Training Ship (UK Royal Navy), Salvage & rescue ship (USA), Automatic Telephone System (Station), American Television Society, American Test System, исполнительная терминальная система (Administrative Terminal System)12) Университет: American Teaching System, Applicant Tracking System13) Физиология: Anxiety tension state, Arteriosclerosis14) Электроника: Absolute Time Sequence15) Вычислительная техника: Abstract Test Suite, Administrative Terminal System, Apple Terminal Services (Apple, AppleTalk), система автоматического перевода16) Нефть: auto transfer system, automated test system17) Иммунология: antitetanic serum, antithymocyte serum18) Биохимия: Anti-Thymocyte Serum19) Банковское дело: австрийский шиллинг (Austrian schilling), система автоматического перевода денежных средств (automatic transfer system), счёт услуг по автоматическому переводу средств (СУАП)20) Транспорт: Advanced Transportation System, American Travel Survey, Automatic Train Supervision, Aviation Technical Services21) Воздухоплавание: Air Traffic Service22) Фирменный знак: Amalgamated Taxis Services23) Деловая лексика: Aggravate The Secretaries, Alternative Trading Systems, Angel The Series, Australian Technology Showcase, Automated Trading System24) Нефтегазовая техника автоматическая телеметрическая система (automated telemetry system)25) Образование: Alternate Training Solutions26) Инвестиции: Austrian schilling27) Сетевые технологии: automated troubleshooting system, automatic transfer system, автоматическая система диагностики, автоматический передаточный ключ (Automatic Transfer Switch)28) Программирование: At Title Screen29) Автоматика: automatic terminal station30) Океанография: Application Technology Satellite31) Лесопиление: бревнопильный станок для работы в полевых условиях32) Расширение файла: Apple Terminal Services33) Карачаганак: система отслеживания мероприятий (Action Tracking System)34) Электротехника: automatic transfer switch, автоматическое переключение резерва35) NYSE. A P T Satellite Holdings, LTD.36) Программное обеспечение: Apple Type Services -
62 sc
1) Общая лексика: schedules, Site Controller (SEIC)2) Компьютерная техника: Screen Capture, Script Compiled, Select Class, Semi Compiled, Simplified Computing, Smart Card, Storage Control, System Class3) Геология: Saratoga Champlain4) Авиация: КК (Координационный коммитет)5) Медицина: п/к, подкожный, подкожно (путь введения инъекционного препарата), slice collimation6) Американизм: Special Collections, Support Contract7) Ботаника: Stem Clearance8) Спорт: Steeplechase, Stock Car, Street Competition9) Латинский язык: Senatus Consulto10) Военный термин: Air Force Communications-Computers Directorate, Deputy Chief of Staff for C4, Sanitary Corps, Screen Commander or Coordinator, Security Committee, Signal Corps, Silent Communication, Single Channel, Space Command, Specialty Codes, Squad Commander, Staff College, Structural Category, Submarine Chaser, Submarine Conversion, Superintending Cartographer, Supreme Commander, System Center, System Controller, Systems Command, satellite communications, screen commander, screen coordinator, searchlight company, section commander, sector commander, security classification, security code, senior controller, service ceiling (ЛА), service center, service certificate, service club, service command, service company, shaped charge, shipping container, signal center, signal command, signal communications, signal company, signal comparator, significant characteristics, simulation coordinator, single column, small craft, small-caliber, soldier capabilities, source code, spacecraft, spacecraft capsule, special circuit, special circular, specialty code, specification change, specified command, spot check, squadron commander, staff captain, staff car, staff command, staff corps, statement of capability, station, station commander, steering committee, stock control, storage capacity, subcontractor, summary court-martial, supervisor's console, supply catalog, supply center, supply column, supply control, supply corps, support chief, support command, support coordinator, survey company, switching center, system concept, Science Committee (NATO)11) Техника: Shuttle communications, safety class, satellite computer, satellite contact, scintillation counter, secondary confinement, sensor controller, sent-common, separate contact, session control, set course, shows of condensate, shuttle car, simplex circuit, site characterization, site contingency, situation console, software contractor, space charge, spacecraft communicator, speed controller, standard conductivity, stellar camera, superconducting, suppressed carrier, surveillance compliance, switched capacitor, switching cell, switching computer, synchrocyclotron, system control12) Сельское хозяйство: Scottish Crop, Specific Conductivity, КС (напр., в названиях гербицидов), концентрат суспензии13) Химия: Silicon Carbide, Solid Carbide, Suspendable Concentrate14) Строительство: Scullery15) Математика: достаточное условие (sufficient condition), последовательное исчисление (sequential calculus), сильная состоятельность (strong consistency)16) Религия: Second Cataclysm, Seraphim Call, Sources chretiennes17) Юридический термин: Session Cases, Striker Clan, The Supreme Council, Senior Counsel (старший адвокат, аналог титула “Queen’s/King’s Counsel” в ряде бывших британских колоний), NAFO Scientific Council18) Бухгалтерия: Simple And Cheap, share capital19) Австралийский сленг: School Certificate20) Автомобильный термин: supercharged engine21) Астрономия: Star Cluster22) Ветеринария: Society for Cryobiology23) Грубое выражение: Some Cunt, Sucks Cock, Super Crap24) География: Южная Каролина (штат США)25) Музыка: single coil26) Оптика: semiconductor27) Политика: St. Christopher ( Kitts) and Nevis28) Телевидение: sand castle29) Телекоммуникации: subscriber connector (optical fiber connector)30) Сокращение: Secondary Channel, Sectional Center, Security Council, Self-Cocking, Seychelles, Single Card, Sorting Carriage (UK, within RPO), South Carolina (US state), Staff Captain (British Army), Standing Committee (China), Supercavitating, Supreme Court, Systeme Combattant (Future Soldier programme (French Army)), same case, saturable core, self-check, self-contained, separate cover, shaft center, short circuit, single conductor, single-contact, smooth contour, special committee, special constables, subcontract, Supervisory Committee (термин в Киотском протоколе (КН)), Save the Children31) Университет: Scientific Community, Stevenson Center, Stockton College, Study Committee, Sub Campus32) Физика: Splat-Cooled33) Физиология: Sacrococcygeal, San Clemente, Scapula, Self Care34) Электроника: Sapphire Carrier, Semi-Conducting, Set Clock, Shaping Circuit, Slow Close, Socket Contact, Super Cell35) Вычислительная техника: SubCommittee, secondary cache, диспетчерский контроль, SubCommittee (ISO, TC, IEC), подкомитет, счётчик команд37) Стоматология: single crown38) Биохимия: Subcutaneously39) Онкология: Subcutaneous40) Космонавтика: КА41) Картография: South Carolina42) Транспорт: Scored Cylinders, Short Cut, Soft Conditions, Sports Coupe, Steam Catamaran43) Пищевая промышленность: Senior Cycle, Super Combo, Swiss Cheese44) Холодильная техника: subcooling45) СМИ: Small Capitals, Soft Cover, Story Collection, Subject Category46) Деловая лексика: Shopping Center, (subsidiary company) ДП(дочернее предприятие) (употребляется как сокращение при написании реквизитов компании)47) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: РК (Steering Committee), руководящий комитет (Steering Committee)48) Образование: Sentence Comprehension, Short Course, Swimming Course49) Сетевые технологии: Same Context, Service Class, Session Counter, Set Cookie, Smp Cluster, Subscriber Connector, Swapped Controller, sequence counter, service channel, supervisory control, сервисный канал, служебный канал50) Полимеры: semicrystalline, slow-curing, standard conditions51) Программирование: Skip Conditionally, Special Character, Special Code52) Автоматика: superimposed coding53) Ядерная физика: Special Conventional-Alloy54) Сахалин Р: УК55) Океанография: Seabed Classification, Space Council56) Сахалин А: sealed closed57) Безопасность: Single Check58) Расширение файла: Display driver (Framework II), PAL script (Paradox)59) SAP.тех. подчинённый класс60) Нефть и газ: signal conditioner61) МИД: single crystal62) Гостиничное дело: большой ребёнок + 1 взрослый63) Лаки и краски: stripe coat64) Электротехника: single-core cable, static compensator, superconductor65) Имена и фамилии: Shepherd Clark, Stanley Cohen66) Должность: Senior Counsel67) Правительство: Silver City, Strawberry Creek68) NYSE. Shell Transportation & Trading, PLC69) НАСА: Stress Compensated70) Программное обеспечение: Shell Commands, Source Control, Spreadsheet Calculator71) Федеральное бюро расследований: Sacramento Field Office, Special Clerk -
63 секция транспортно-заряжающих машин
Missiles: transportation-erection sectionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > секция транспортно-заряжающих машин
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64 trayek
route* * *designated route for public transportation; license to operate a vehicle on that route; (railroad) section -
65 San Antonio
[ˏsænǝnˊtǝunɪǝu] г. Сан-Антонио ( штат Техас). Основанный в 1718 испанцами, лежащий на пути в Мексику город до сих пор хранит воспоминания о битве за Аламо [*Alamo]. Ныне мексиканцы составляют более половины населения этого почти миллионного двуязычного города. Экономика разнообразна: город расположен в центре крупного сельскохозяйственного округа в нефтегазодобывающем районе. По окончании Гражданской войны здесь начался скотоводческий бум, владельцы богатых ранчо и банкиры построили роскошные особняки, до сих пор украшающие город. Военные традиции пустили здесь глубокие корни. В баре отеля «Менгер» Тедди Рузвельт набирал добровольцев для своего отряда «сорвиголов» [Rough Riders] во время испано-американской войны. На пяти военных объектах заняты десятки тысяч военнослужащих и гражданского населения. Более 70 тыс. проходят ежегодно подготовку в учебном лагере ВВС Лакленд [Lackland Training Center]. В городе развиты пищевая, металлообрабатывающая, химическая и др. промышленность; он является крупнейшим в США рынком шерсти и мохера. С 1960-х гг. Сан-Антонио стал притягательным туристским центром. Восстановлены исторические достопримечательности, в том числе Ла Виллита [La Villita] — самый старый жилой район города, и кварталы Короля Вильгельма [King William’s section], где в былом величии сохранились немецкие постройки XIX в. А прогулка вдоль реки [Paseo del Rio] приводит в тропический лес, находящийся всего лишь в двух шагах от жилых домов, магазинов, кафе и делового центра Сан-Антонио. Житель: San Antonian. Река: р. Сан-Антонио [San Antonio River]. Районы, улицы, площади: Хемис-Фэар-Плаза [Hemis Fair Plaza]. Комплексы, здания, памятники: Башня Америк [Tower of the Americas]. Музеи, памятные места: миссия Аламо [Alamo], испанский квартал Ла Виллита [La Villita], дворец испанского губернатора [Spanish Governor’s Palace], миссия Сан-Хосе [Mission San Jose], миссия Консепсион [Mission Concepcion], Музей транспорта [Museum of Transportation], Собрание экспонатов циркового искусства Хертцберга [Hertzberg Circus Collection]. Художественные музеи, выставки: Художественный институт Макнея [McNay Art Institute]. Культурные центры, театры: Театр «Маджестик» [Majestic Theater], «Маленький театр Сан-Антонио» [San Antonio Little Theater], театр-ресторан «Арлекин» [Harlequin Dinner Theater], «Актёрский театр» [Actors Theater], Театр «Арнесон-Ривер» [Arneson River Theater]. Учебные заведения, научные центры: Техасский университет Сан-Антонио [University of Texas at San Antonio], Университет Св. Марии [St. Mary’s University], Университет Троицы [Trinity University], Университет «Нашей Озёрной девы» [Our Lady of the Lake University], Медицинский центр Техасского университета [University of Texas Health Science Center], колледж Воплощённого слова [Incarnate Word College]. Периодические издания: «Сан-Антонио экспресс» [‘San Antonio Express’], «Сан-Антонио лайт» [‘San Antonio Light’], «Сан-Антонио ньюс» [‘San Antonio News’]. Парки, зоопарки: парк Бракенридж [Brackenridge Park]. Спорт. Команды: бейсбольная «Сан-Антонио доджерс» [‘San Antonio Dodgers’], футбольная «Сан-Антонио ганслингерс» [‘San Antonio Gunslingers’], баскетбольная «Шпоры Сан-Антонио» [‘San Antonio Spurs’]. Магазины, рынки: старый испанский рынок [El Mercado]. Отели: «Четыре сезона» [‘Four Seasons’]. Рестораны: «Луизиана» [‘La Louisiane’]. Достопримечательности: пешеходный маршрут вдоль реки [Paseo del Rio — River Walk]. Фестивали, праздники: «Фиеста Сан-Антонио» [Fiesta San Antonio], «Выставка работ голодающих художников» [Starving Artists Show]США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > San Antonio
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66 center
центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС
general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения
hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ
launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]
tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА
— all-sources intelligence center— C center— combat control center— educational center— logistical operations center— logistics services center— operational center— secured communications center— skill development center -
67 method
1) метод; способ; средство2) система; порядок3) технология4) методика•- method of applying liquid lubrication - method of calculation - method of column analogy - method of comparison - method of connecting - method of determining bending moments by fixed points - method of directions - method of elastic arch - method of elastic weights - method of electric needles - method of exchange of members - method of firing - method of fixed points - method of images - method of initial parameters - method of joints - method of least squares - method of least work - method of limit equilibrium - method of minimum strain energy - method of moments - method of movement - method of operation - method of payment - method of planning - method of production - method of redundant reactions - method of rotations - method of sections - method of separate joint displacement - method of slopes - method of stowage - method of strain measurement method - method of substitute redundant members - method of successive approximations - method of successive corrections - method of training - method of transportation - method of working - method of zero moment points - methods of network planning and control - ad hoc method - advertising method - aero-projection method - air-permeability method - airslide method - approximation method - arbitrary proportions method - area moment method - artificial islands method - ball method of testing - bench method - bidding methods - brush method of treatment timber - building methods - caisson method - cantilever method of design - cassette method of production of thin-slab structures - central mixing method - centre drift method - centrifuge method - centroidal method of design - change-in-stress method - chemical injection method - closed building method - column analogy method of design - compressed-air method of tunnelling - concrete testing method - cone method - construction works quality control method - core-drill method - correlation method - cut-and-cover method - cut-and-try method - cylinder method - deflection method - design methods - development method - dip method - dipping method of treatment timber - effective method - electrolytic method - emulsified-asphalt penetration method - energy method - equal load increments method - equal strain method - error method - fabrication method - fixing method - float and chains method - flow-line conveyer method - force method - graphical method - heading method of tunnelling - hot-air heating standpipe method - hot penetration method - hydraulic fill method - impact method - kinematic method - lacquer film method - land-assembly methods - lift-slab method - limit equilibrium method - limit stage design method - line production method - loading method - magnaflux method - mechanical method by pumps - membrane method of waterproofing - mixed-in-place method - mock-up methods of design - modular ratio method - moire fringe method - moment area method - moment-distribution method - moment-of-inertia method of designing - mud-jack method - mulch method - near end moment distribution method - neutral-points method - non-destructive testing methods - normal method - packing methods - patented method of construction - penetration method - percussive pneumatic method of riveting - photo-elastic method of stress-determination - photo-elasticity method - pilot method - pilot tunnel method - pin-and-string method - pipe-bridge method - plastic method of design - plastic theory method - polarized light method - portal method of design - pounding method of curing concrete - production line method of construction - qualitative methods - quantitative methods - relaxation method - ring-and-ball method - rolled-on method - safe method of heat insulation - safety methods - sampling method - sand-bearing method of testing clay pipes - sand-island method - scheduling method - seismic method of prospecting - simultaneous construction method - slope deflection method - spatial self-fixation erection method - statistical analysis method - stovepipe pipe-laying method - strain-energy method - successive construction method - surface-coating method of waterproofing - synthetic method of restoration - thixotropic liquid method - tilt-up method - top-heading method - transfiguration method - trial-load method - turnover method - ultimate-strength method - ultrasonic pulse velocity method - void method of proportioning - volume method of concrete mix design - volumetric method - water-jet method of pile-driving - weight method - well-point method of excavation - work method - working stress method of design* * *метод, способ; система; порядок; методика; технология- method of analysis
- method of application
- method of attack
- method of bearing and distances
- method of bipolar coordinates
- method of calculation
- method of design
- method of detail survey
- method of elastic weights
- method of electric needles
- method of expansion into series
- method of fixed points
- method of intersection
- method of joint isolation
- method of least work
- methods of manufacture
- method of minimum strain energy
- method of moment distribution
- method of radiation
- method of redistribution of pressure
- method of sections
- method of steam jet
- methods of structural analysis
- method of successive approximations
- methods of testing
- method of water needles
- accepted method of building
- accepted method of house construction
- accurate method of analysis
- adhesive nail-on method
- admittance method
- advanced methods of concreting
- advance slope method
- aggregate exposure method
- air permeability method
- alternate methods
- American method
- analytical method of determining reactions
- API method of pile design
- approximate method
- approximation method
- area method
- area-moment method
- assembly methods
- Austrian method
- autogenous curing method
- balanced cantilever method
- Belgian method
- Benoto method
- bentonite method
- Billner method
- "bin" method
- boiling water method
- boom placement concreting method
- bricklaying methods
- building method
- building block module method
- cable method of rock stressing
- calculation method
- cantilever method
- Chicago method
- circular-arc method
- Coast-Survey method
- collapse method of structural design
- combined finite strip-finite element method
- compaction methods of clays
- conjugate beam method
- consistency measurement method
- construction methods
- construction and erection methods
- contiguous pile method
- continuous-flight augers method
- continuous-sample method of advance
- convergence method
- critical method
- critical path method
- Cross moment distribution method
- Cross method
- cross-section method
- current design methods
- cut-and-cover method
- dampproofing methods
- displacement method
- displacement method of advance
- dual-rail method
- dummy unit-load method
- dust-spot method
- Dutch cone method
- earth pressure balanced tunneling method
- elastic center method
- elastic weights method
- electric analogy method
- electric resisting method
- energy method
- equal friction method of duct sizing
- equal friction method
- equivalent load method
- erection method
- fast track construction methods
- fatigue test method
- finite difference method
- finite element method
- finite strip method
- flight auger method
- flotation caisson method
- flue loss method
- folded plate method of analysis
- force method
- free cantilever method of construction
- general method of analysis
- Glotzl hydraulic cell method
- Gow method
- Hardy Cross method
- housing appraisal method
- in-duct method
- industrialized methods of construction
- iterative method
- jack method
- jacking method
- lacquer curtain coating method
- laser beam method
- leap-frog method
- limit equilibrium method
- limit state method
- listening methods
- load factor design method
- mandrel method
- mathematical method of design
- matrix method of structural analysis
- maturity method
- measuring method
- mixed-mode method
- mix-in-place method
- modern building methods
- modular ratio method
- moiré fringe method
- moment-balance method
- nondestructive methods of tests
- normal method of quality control
- null method
- numerical method
- one-rail method
- optical square method
- permissible stress method
- phototheodolite method
- plastic methods of structural analysis
- plate count method
- precast concrete manufacturing methods
- pressuremeter method
- proven construction methods
- p-y method of pile design
- rapid test method
- ratio method of balancing
- rebound hammer method
- reference point method
- relaxation method
- reproducible methods
- resistivity method
- resonant-frequency method
- reverberant field method
- Rockwell method of hardness testing
- safe method
- safe working methods
- secant interlocking pile method
- secant pile method
- seismic method of surveying
- seismic reflection method
- seismic refraction method
- semiprobabilistic design method
- shear transfer method
- shock response method of pile testing
- sliding-wedge method
- slope deflection method
- solar radiation method
- sonic method
- special method of quality control
- standard test method
- static regain method of duct sizing
- static regain method
- statistical design method
- step-by-step method
- strength design method
- strength evaluation method
- successive approximations method
- suspended cantilever method
- swamp shooting method
- Tagg method
- tangent modulus method
- test methods
- Theis method
- thixotropic liquid method
- three-point method
- tilt-up method
- time-saving method of construction
- TNO method of analysis
- TNO method of pile testing
- transit and stadia method
- tremie method
- truss analogy method
- turn-of-nut method
- ultrasonic pulse velocity method
- vacuum concrete method of bridge construction
- valveless pulse-jet method
- vane shear method
- velocity reduction method of duct sizing
- velocity reduction method
- vibratory method
- Vickers method of hardness testing
- volume method of measuring aggregates
- warm water method
- water fog spray method
- western bricklaying method
- western method
- working-stress design method -
68 branch
1. n ветка2. n шутл. ребёнок, отпрыск3. n отрасль4. n филиал, отделениеbranch establishment — филиал, отделение
5. n линия, ветвьEnglish is a branch of the Germanic family of languages — английский язык — ветвь германской языковой группы
6. n рукав7. n амер. приток; ручей8. n ответвлениеbranch bus — ответвление от основной шины; местная шина
9. n отрог10. n геол. крыло11. n воен. род войск; служба12. n воен. амер. отдел, отделение13. n воен. амер. полит. властьthe Executive Branch — исполнительная власть; президент и его правительство
14. n воен. тех. отвод; тройник15. v раскидывать ветвиdelayed branch — отсроченное ветвление; отложенная ветвь
16. v разветвляться, расходиться17. v сделать ответвлениеpoetry that branched from Baudelaire — направление в поэзии, вызванное к жизни Бодлером
18. v вышивать узор из цветов, веток, листьевСинонимический ряд:1. department (noun) chapter; department; dialect; member; outpost; part; portion; subdivision2. discipline (noun) discipline; speciality3. division (noun) division; group; organ; section; wing4. limb (noun) appendage; arm; bough; crotch; growth; limb; offshoot; shoot; stick5. run (noun) brook; creek; fork; run6. subsidiary (noun) affiliate; subsidiary7. tributary (noun) confluent; feeder; tributary8. fork (verb) bifurcate; diverge; divide; fork; ramify; separate; subdivideАнтонимический ряд:converge; stock; trunk -
69 по
1. according toпо его словам, вы неправы — according to him you are wrong
2. after3. forтосковать по родине, томиться на чужбине — to yearn for home
4. under5. up6. on; along; through; all over; in; by; according to; after; owing to; forусиление по напряжению — voltage amplification; voltage gain
7. along8. fromвычислять по … — compute from
определять по … — determine from …
9. per10. throughпередвигаться по пласту — migrate through a stratum (refl.)
Антонимический ряд: -
70 Introduction
Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.LAND AND PEOPLEThe Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into theAtlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)1864 4,287,000 first census1890 5,049,7001900 5,423,0001911 5,960,0001930 6,826,0001940 7,185,1431950 8,510,0001960 8,889,0001970 8,668,000* note decrease1980 9,833,0001991 9,862,5401996 9,934,1002006 10,642,8362010 10,710,000 (estimated) -
71 Stevens, Robert Livingston
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 18 October 1787 Hoboken, New Jersey, USAd. 20 April 1856 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA[br]American engineer, pioneer of steamboats and railways.[br]R.L.Stevens was the son of John Stevens and was given the technical education his father lacked. He assisted his father with the Little Juliana and the Phoenix, managed the commercial operation of the Phoenix on the Delaware River, and subsequently built many other steamboats.In 1830 he and his brother Edwin A.Stevens obtained a charter from the New Jersey Legislature for the Camden \& Amboy Railroad \& Transportation Company, and he visited Britain to obtain rails and a locomotive. Railway track in the USA then normally comprised longitudinal timber rails with running surfaces of iron straps, but Stevens designed rails of flat-bottom section, which were to become standard, and had the first batch rolled in Wales. He also designed hookheaded spikes for them, and "iron tongues", which became fishplates. From Robert Stephenson \& Co. (see Robert Stephenson) he obtained the locomotive John Bull, which was similar to the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Samson. The Camden \& Amboy Railroad was opened in 1831, but John Bull, a 0–4–0, proved over sensitive to imperfections in the track; Stevens and his mechanic, Isaac Dripps, added a two-wheeled non-swivelling "pilot" at the front to guide it round curves. The locomotive survives at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.[br]Further ReadingH.P.Spratt, 1958, The Birth of the Steamboat, Charles Griffin.J.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive—Its Development: 1830– 1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Stevens, Robert Livingston
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72 совместный
аэродром совместного базирования гражданского и военных воздушных судовjoint civil and military aerodromeКомитет совместного финансированияCommittee on Joint SupportОтдел упрощения формальностей и совместного финансированияFacilitation and Joint Financing BranchСекция совместного финансированияJoint Financing Section(ИКАО) сеть совместного авиационного радиообслуживанияincorporated aeronautical radioсовместная деятельность авиакомпанииairlines poolingсовместная перевозка нескольких авиалинийinterline transportationсовместная тарифная ставкаjoint tariffсовместное обслуживаниеpooled serviceсовместное финансирование авиационных проектовjoint supportСовместный комитет по специальным грузовым тарифамJoint service Commodity Rates Boardсовместный тариф между авиакомпаниямиinterline fareсоглашение о совместной эксплуатации авиалинииinterline agreementсоглашение о совместном финансированииjoint support agreement -
73 средства
средства сущfacilitiesавиационная служба подвижных средствaeronautical mobile service(связи) авиационная служба спутниковых средствaeronautical mobile-satellite service(связи) автономные аэронавигационные средстваself-contained navigation meansавтономные средстваself-contained aidsаэродром без радиолокационных средствnonradar aerodromeаэродромные визуальные средстваaerodrome visual aidsаэродромные средства захода на посадкуaerodrome approach aidsаэронавигационная служба стационарных средствaeronautical fixed service(связи) аэронавигационные средстваair navigation facilitiesбез применения средств точного заходаnonprecisionвизуальные навигационные средстваnavigation visual aidsвизуальные средстваvisual meansвизуальные средства захода на посадкуvisual aids to approachзаход на посадку без использования навигационных средствno-aids used approachзаход на посадку без использования средств точного заходаnonprecision approachзаход на посадку на посадку под контролем наземных средствground controlled approachзаход на посадку с использованием бортовых и наземных средствcoupled approachинженер по навигационным средствамnavaids engineerинструктор по навигационным средствамnavaids instructorмаршрутные аэронавигационные средстваroute air navigation facilitiesмаршрутные навигационные средства1. en-route navigation facilities2. en-route navigation aids навигационные средства1. navigation aids2. navigation facilities 3. aids to air navigation навигационные средства конечного пунктаterminal navigation aidsназемные визуальные средстваvisual ground aidsназемные средстваground aidsназемные средства обслуживанияground handling facilitiesназемные средства, синхронизированные во времениground-referenced aidsобеспечивать наличие средствmake available meansобзор местности радиолокационными средствамиradar mappingполет с помощью радионавигационных средствradio navigation flightпомехи от авиационных средств связиair clutterпорядок действий при отказе средств связиcommunication failure procedureпосадочные средстваlanding aidsпрокладка маршрута с помощью бортовых средств навигацииaircraft self routingрадионавигационные средства1. radio-navigation aids2. radio navigation facilities радиотехнические средства связиradio communication equipmentрадиоэлектронная система посадочных средствelectronic landing aids systemразмещение аэронавигационных средствnavaids collocationрезервное транспортное средствоalternate transportationрезервные средства связиalternative means of communicationСектор аудиовизуальных средствAudio Visual Aids UnitСекция аэродромов, воздушных трасс и наземных средствAerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids Section(ИКАО) система контроля за работой визуальных средствsystem of monitoring visual aids(на аэродроме) спасательные средства1. rescue facilities2. life rafts спутниковые средстваsatelite-referenced aidsсредства ближней навигации1. short-distance aids2. short-distance navaids средства дальней навигацииlong-distance navaidsсредства захода на посадкуaids to approachсредства наведенияguidance facilitiesсредства наземного базированияground based aidsсредства обеспечения пилота информациейpilot-interpretedсредства обеспечения полетаflying aidsсредства обеспечения полетов по приборамnonvisual aidsсредства опознавания1. means of identification2. identification aids средства определения траекторииtrack-defining aidsсредства оформленияprocessing facilitiesсредства парковкиparking aidsсредства первой помощиfirst-aid equipmentсредства связи1. communication facilities2. means of communication средства управления рулениемtaxiing guidance aidsсредства эвакуации воздушного суднаaircraft evacuation meansсредство визуального аварийного оповещенияvisual warning deviceсредство пакетирования грузовunit load deviceсхема захода на посадку без применения радиолокационных средствnonprecision approach procedureсхема размещения наземных средств и оборудованияfacility chartтактические аэронавигационные средстваtactical air navigation facilitiesтранспортное средство1. vehicle2. transport 3. conveyance converter транспортные средства для обслуживания воздушного суднаaircraft service truck'sэксплуатационные средстваoperating facilitiesэксплуатация аэродромных транспортных средствaerodrome vehicle operationэлектронные навигационные средстваelectronic navigation aidsэшелонирование без радиолокационных средствnonradar separation -
74 тариф
тариф сущtariffАгентство по пропорциональным тарифамProrate AgencyАфриканская конференция по авиационным тарифамAfrican Air Tariff Conferenceаэропортовый тарифairport tariffбагажный тарифbaggage rateбазисный тарифbasic fareбазовый тарифfare construction unitбилет по основному тарифуnormal fare ticketвведение в действие пассажирских и грузовых тарифовfares and rates enforcementвведение тарифовfare-settingверхний предел тарифа промежуточного классаhigher intermediate fareвнесезонный тарифoff-season fareвновь введенный тариф1. innovative fare2. innovative rate внутренний тариф1. internal fare2. domestic fare грузовая поездка со скидкой тарифовincentive group travelгрузовой тариф1. freight rate2. cargo rate групповой тарифgroup fareдействующий тарифapplicable fareдетский тарифchild fareдеятельность по координации тарифовtariff coordinating activityдифференцированный тарифdifferential rateдополнительный тарифextra fareединица при построении грузовых тарифовrate construction unitединый тариф1. flat fare2. flat rate единый тариф на полет в двух направленияхtwo-way fareзакрытый тарифclosed rateисходный уровень тарифаreference fare levelколичественный тарифquantity rateкомбинированный сквозной тарифcombination through fareкомбинированный тарифcombination fareКомиссия по нарушению тарифовBreachers CommissionКомитет по поощрительным тарифамCreative Fares BoardКомитет по специальным грузовым тарифамSpecific Commodity Rates BoardКонференция по координации тарифовTariff Co-ordinating Conferenceльготный тариф1. low fare2. discount fare 3. reduced tariff 4. concession fare 5. discount rate льготный целевой тарифcreative fareмежсезонный тарифshoulder season fareместный тарифlocal fareмолодежный тарифyouth fareнеопубликованный тарифunpublished fareнесоблюдение тарифовtariff violationнижний предел тарифа туристического классаeconomy fareобщий тариф на перевозку разносортных грузовfreight-all-kinds rateОбъединенная конференция по грузовым тарифамComposite cargo Traffic ConferenceОбъединенная конференция по координации пассажирских тарифовComposite Passenger Tariff Co-ordinating Conferenceобъединенный тарифjoint fareобъявленный тарифpublic fareобычно действующий тарифnormal applicable fareобычный тариф экономического классаnormal economy fareодносторонний тариф1. one-way rate2. one-way fare одобренный тарифadopted tariffопубликованный тарифpublished fareопубликовывать тарифыdisclose the faresосновной грузовой тарифgeneral cargo rateосновной тарифfare basisОтдел по соблюдению тарифовCompliance Departmentоткрытый тарифopen rateпассажир по полному тарифуadultпассажирский тарифpassenger fareпервоначальный тарифinaugural fareперевозка по специальному тарифуunit toll transportationперевозки по тарифу туристического классаcoach trafficповышение тарифаfare upgradingполный тарифadult fareпоощрительный тариф1. incentive fare2. promotional fare порядок введения тарифовfare-setting machineryпорядок подготовки тарифовfare-making machineryпорядок утверждения тарифовfare-fixing machineryпостроение тарифовfare constructionправила построения тарифовfare construction rulesпредварительный тарифpackage type fareприемлемый тарифmatching fareприменение тарифовapplication of tariffsприменяемый тарифapplicable tariffпринятый тариф1. adopted rate2. adopted fare пропорционально распределенный тарифprorated fareпропорциональный дополнительный тарифadd-on fareпропорциональный тарифproportional fareразница в тарифах по классамclass differentialразовый тарифarbitrary fareрасчетный тарифconstructed fareрасчет тарифаfare calculationрегулирование тарифовrate-settingрежим закрытых тарифовclosed-rate situationрежим открытых тарифовopen-rate situationсборник пассажирских тарифов на воздушную перевозкуAir Passenger Tariffсверхльготный тарифdeep discount fareсезонный тариф1. shoulder fare2. on-season fare Секция тарифов воздушных перевозчиковAir Carrier Tariffs Section(ИКАО) семейный тарифfamily fareсквозной тариф1. through fare2. through rate скидка с тарифа1. fare taper2. reduction on fare скидка с тарифа за дальностьdistance fare taperсниженный тариф1. reduced rate2. reduced fare соблюдать опубликованный тарифcomply with published tariffСовместный комитет по специальным грузовым тарифамJoint service Commodity Rates Boardсовместный тариф между авиакомпаниямиinterline fareсогласованная статья двустороннего соглашения о тарифахstandard bilateral tariff clauseсогласованный тариф1. agreed rate2. agreed fare соглашение по пассажирским и грузовым тарифамfares and rates agreementсоглашение по тарифамtariff agreementсоставной тарифcombined fareспециально установленный тарифspecified fareспециальный грузовой тарифspecific commodity rateспециальный тарифspecial fareспециальный тариф за перевозку транспортируемой единицыunit tollстандартный отраслевой уровень тарифовstandard industry fare levelстандартный уровень зарубежных тарифовstandard foreign fare levelстатья об авиационных тарифахair tariff clauseструктура тарифовfare structureстуденческий тарифstudent fareтариф без скидокnormal fareтариф бизнес-классаbusiness class fareтариф в местной валютеlocal currency fareтариф вне сезона пикoff-peak fareтариф в одном направленииdirectional rateтариф для беженцевrefugee fareтариф для младенцевinfant fareтариф для моряковseaman's fareтариф для навалочных грузовbulk unitization rateтариф для отдельного участка полетаsectorial fareтариф для пары пассажировtwo-in-one fareтариф для перевозки с неподтвержденным бронированиемstandby fareтариф для переселенцевmigrant fareтариф для полета в одном направленииsingle fareтариф для полетов внутри одной страныcabotage fareтариф для рабочихworker fareтариф для специализированной группыaffinity group fareтариф для супружеской парыspouse fareтариф для членов экипажей морских судовship's crew fareтариф для эмигрантовemigrant fareтариф за багаж сверх нормыexcess baggage rateтариф за перевозку1. fare for carriage2. conveyance rate тариф за перевозку грузов в специальном приспособлении для комплектованияunit load device rateтариф за перевозку несопровождаемого багажаunaccompanied baggage rateтариф за полное обслуживаниеinclusive fareтариф за рейс вне расписанияnonscheduled tariffтариф кругового маршрутаcircle trip fareтариф между двумя пунктамиpoint-to-point fareтариф на воздушную перевозку пассажираair fareтариф на оптовую чартерную перевозкуwholesale charter rateтариф на отдельном участке полетаsectorial rateтариф на перевозку почтыmail rateтариф на перевозку товаровcommodity rateтариф на полет в ночное время сутокnight fareтариф на полет по замкнутому кругуround trip fareтариф на полет с возвратом в течение сутокday round trip fareтариф на путешествиеtrip fareтариф первого классаfirst-class fareтариф перевозки туристических групп, укомплектованных эксплуатантомtour operator's package fareтариф по контрактуcontract rateтариф по незамкнутому круговому маршрутуopen-jaw fareтариф при предварительном бронированииadvance booking fareтариф при предварительном приобретении билетаadvance purchase fareтариф при приобретении билета непосредственно перед вылетомinstant purchase fareтариф при регулярной воздушной перевозкиregular fareтариф при свободной продажеopen-market fareтариф промежуточного классаintermediate class fareтариф прямого маршрутаdirect fareтариф сезона пикpeak fareтариф стоимости перевозкиfareтариф туда-обратноreturn fareтариф туристического класса1. coach fare2. tourist fare уровень тарифовfare levelусловный тарифbasing fareустановление тарифаmarket pricingустановление тарифовtariff settingутверждать тарифapprove the tariffутвержденный тариф1. approved rate2. approved fare чартерный тариф1. charter rate2. charter class fare экскурсионный тариф1. tour-basing fare2. excursion fare -
75 транспорт
агентство по отправке грузов воздушным транспортомair freight forwarderАссоциация воздушного транспорта СШАair Transportвоздушный транспортair transportгражданский воздушный транспортcivil air transportграфик движения воздушного транспортаair transport movement tableкоммерческий воздушный транспортcommercial air transportМеждународная ассоциация воздушного транспортаInternational Air TransportМинистерство транспортаDepartment of Transportationназемный транспортsurface transportорган обеспечения безопасности на воздушном транспортеaviation security authorityсверхзвуковой воздушный транспортsupersonic transportСекция исследования воздушного транспортаAir Transport Studies Section(ИКАО) -
76 trayek
designated route for public transportation. 2 license to operate a vehicle on that route. 3 k.r(R.R.) section.
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