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transport+track

  • 61 лесовозная дорога

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > лесовозная дорога

  • 62 рельсовый транспорт

    2) Business: rail transport

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > рельсовый транспорт

  • 63 система транспортировки

    2) Oil: transfer system (газа), transmission system (газа), transport system (газа)
    3) Automation: transporter system

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > система транспортировки

  • 64 трамвайный путь

    1) General subject: car track ( line)
    2) Construction: car track
    3) Transport: tramline, tramway
    4) Advertising: tram road
    5) Makarov: car line

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > трамвайный путь

  • 65 Eisenbahn

    Eisenbahn f LOGIS (AE) railroad, (BE) railway, rly, Ry, rail
    * * *
    f < Transp> railroad (AE), railway (BE) (rly, Ry), rail
    * * *
    Eisenbahn
    railway (Br.), railroad (US);
    • auf der Eisenbahn on the railways;
    • frei Eisenbahn free on rail;
    • in der Eisenbahn on the train;
    • per Eisenbahn by rail (freight, US);
    • einspurige Eisenbahn single-line (-track) railway (railroad, US);
    • stillgelegte Eisenbahn defunct railway;
    • zweigleisige Eisenbahn double-track railway;
    • bei der Eisenbahn arbeiten to work for the railway, to railroad (US);
    • mit der Eisenbahn befördern to send (consign, forward) by rail, to railroad (US);
    • Eisenbahn benutzen to go by train;
    • mit der Eisenbahn fahren to travel by train, to rail[way], to railroad (US);
    • bei der Eisenbahn beschäftigt sein to work on the railway, to [be employed on a] railroad (US);
    • Eisenbahn verstaatlichen to take over the railways;
    • Eisenbahnabkommen railroad agreement (US);
    • Eisenbahnabonnement season (Br.) (commutation, US) ticket;
    • Eisenbahnabrechnungsstelle railway clearinghouse;
    • Eisenbahnabstellgleis siding;
    • Eisenbahnabteil compartment, railroad division (US);
    • Eisenbahnaktien (Börse) railway shares (Br.), rails (Br.), railroads (US), railroad stocks (US);
    • Eisenbahnangestellter railway (railroad, US) official (employee), railroader (US);
    • Eisenbahnanlage railway installation;
    • Eisenbahnanlagen railway (railroad, US) facilities;
    • Eisenbahnanleihe railway (railroad, US) loan;
    • Eisenbahnanschluss siding, sidetrack, (Verbindung) junction;
    • Eisenbahnarbeiter railway (railroad, US) worker;
    • Eisenbahnausbau railway development;
    • Eisenbahnausbesserungswagen repair truck;
    • Eisenbahnausbesserungswerk railway repair (railroad, US) shop, carshop;
    • Eisenbahnausrüstungsteile railway (railroad, US) equipment;
    • Eisenbahnavis railway (railroad, US) advice;
    • Eisenbahnbau railway engineering, construction of a railway line, railroading (US);
    • Eisenbahnbeamter railway official (company’s servant), railroad employee (US);
    • Eisenbahnbeförderung rail transport;
    • Eisenbahnbehälterverkehr train container service;
    • Eisenbahnbenutzer railway traveller;
    • Eisenbahnbetrieb train (railroad, US) services, railway undertaking, railroad operation (US).

    Business german-english dictionary > Eisenbahn

  • 66 Eisenbahngelände

    Eisenbahngelände
    railway property;
    • Eisenbahngesellschaft railway company, railroad corporation (US), line;
    • Eisenbahngleis railway (railroad, US) line (track), rail track;
    • Eisenbahngüterverkehr railway (goods) traffic (Br.), freight traffic (US), rail transportation (US), transport by rail (Br.);
    • Eisenbahnhafen railway port;
    • Eisenbahnhotel terminus hotel;
    • Eisenbahnindustrie railway manufacturing industry;
    • Eisenbahningenieur railway (railroad, US) engineer;
    • Eisenbahnkarte railroad map;
    • Eisenbahnkartell railway pool (Br.);
    • Eisenbahnkatastrophe railway disaster;
    • Eisenbahnkilometer train milage;
    • Eisenbahnknotenpunkt [railway (railroad, US)] junction;
    • Eisenbahnkonnossement railway (railroad, US) bill of lading;
    • Eisenbahnkreuzung cross-over;
    • Eisenbahnkursbuch railway (railroad, US) guide, schedule (US), Appleton (US);
    • alphabetisches Eisenbahnkursbuch ABC (Br.).

    Business german-english dictionary > Eisenbahngelände

  • 67 Schienengüter

    Schienengüter
    rail-bound goods;
    • Schienenkapazität rail capacity;
    • Schienenkartell rail trust;
    • Schienennetz der Eisenbahn railway infrastructure;
    • Schienenstrang, Schienenstrecke [rail] track, line;
    • Schienenverkehr rail traffic, fixed-track transport;
    • Schienenverkehrsmittel rail transportations;
    • ausschließlich auf dem Schienenwege by an all-rail route.

    Business german-english dictionary > Schienengüter

  • 68 sencillo

    adj.
    1 simple, uncomplicated, easy, with no frills.
    2 simple, simplehearted, naive, simpleminded.
    3 simple, unadorned, with no frills.
    4 single, simple.
    5 one-way, single-track, unidirectional.
    m.
    1 small change, change, small coins.
    2 one way ticket.
    * * *
    1 (sin adornos) simple, plain
    2 (fácil) simple, easy
    4 figurado (persona - natural) natural, unaffected, unpretentious; (- ingenua) naive, gullible
    * * *
    (f. - sencilla)
    adj.
    1) simple, easy
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [costumbre, estilo, ropa] simple
    2) [asunto, problema] simple, straightforward

    es un plato sencillo de hacer pero apetitoso — it's a simple but tasty dish, the dish is straightforward to make, but tasty

    3) (=no afectado) natural, unaffected

    es muy rico pero muy sencillo en el trato — he's very rich, but nevertheless very natural o unaffected

    4) [billete] single
    5) LAm (=necio) foolish
    2. SM
    1) (=disco) single
    2) LAm (=cambio) small change
    * * *
    I
    - lla adjetivo
    1)
    a) <ejercicio/problema> simple, straightforward
    b) < persona> modest, unassuming; <vestido/estilo> simple, plain; <casa/comida> simple, modest

    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras — they are simple, hardworking people

    2) (Esp, Méx) < billete> one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    II
    1) ( disco) single
    2) (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3) (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    * * *
    = humble [humbler -comp., humblest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, bald, unobtrusive, low-key [low key], uncluttered, unsophisticated, unpretentious, unassuming, folksy [folksier -comp., folksiest -sup.], homespun, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, no-frills, hassle-free.
    Ex. In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably; witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera or the automobile.
    Ex. He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.
    Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex. This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex. New technologies will enable interfaces composed of unobtrusive physiological monitors and prosthetics.
    Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex. There is a need for unpretentious, informative manuals which help readers to play bowls, arrange flowers, decorate the house, and the like.
    Ex. The term 'librarian' may confer the impression of being a quiet, respectable and unassuming person and consequently be useful on insurance forms, passports and rental agreements.
    Ex. The best path, the film implies, is a middle way, combining worldliness with a folksy morality, one that respects family and individual alike.
    Ex. The author chronicles the exuberant stories, hyperbole, homespun speech and demigod characteristics of American 'tall tales'.
    Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex. This is a good guide for independent travellers looking for cheap, no-frills intercity transport around the country.
    Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    ----
    * codificación directa de fila sencilla = single row direct coding.
    * de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.
    * disco sencillo = single.
    * habitación sencilla = single room.
    * * *
    I
    - lla adjetivo
    1)
    a) <ejercicio/problema> simple, straightforward
    b) < persona> modest, unassuming; <vestido/estilo> simple, plain; <casa/comida> simple, modest

    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras — they are simple, hardworking people

    2) (Esp, Méx) < billete> one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    II
    1) ( disco) single
    2) (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3) (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    * * *
    = humble [humbler -comp., humblest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, bald, unobtrusive, low-key [low key], uncluttered, unsophisticated, unpretentious, unassuming, folksy [folksier -comp., folksiest -sup.], homespun, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, no-frills, hassle-free.

    Ex: In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably; witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera or the automobile.

    Ex: He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.
    Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex: This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex: New technologies will enable interfaces composed of unobtrusive physiological monitors and prosthetics.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex: There is a need for unpretentious, informative manuals which help readers to play bowls, arrange flowers, decorate the house, and the like.
    Ex: The term 'librarian' may confer the impression of being a quiet, respectable and unassuming person and consequently be useful on insurance forms, passports and rental agreements.
    Ex: The best path, the film implies, is a middle way, combining worldliness with a folksy morality, one that respects family and individual alike.
    Ex: The author chronicles the exuberant stories, hyperbole, homespun speech and demigod characteristics of American 'tall tales'.
    Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex: This is a good guide for independent travellers looking for cheap, no-frills intercity transport around the country.
    Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    * codificación directa de fila sencilla = single row direct coding.
    * de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.
    * disco sencillo = single.
    * habitación sencilla = single room.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹ejercicio/problema› simple, straightforward
    no era sencillo hacerlos entrar it wasn't easy o it was no simple task getting them in
    2 ‹persona› modest, unassuming; ‹vestido/estilo› simple, plain; ‹casa/comida› simple, modest
    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras they are simple, hardworking people
    el disco es sencillote y comercial the record is unsophisticated o crude and commercial
    B
    1 ‹flor› single
    2 (único) single
    una escopeta de cañón sencilla a single-barreled gun
    coser con hilo sencillo to sew with single thread
    3 (Esp, Méx) ‹billete› one-way ( AmE), single ( BrE)
    A (disco) single
    B ( AmL) (dinero suelto) change
    C (Esp, Méx) (billete de ida) one-way ticket ( AmE), single ( BrE), single ticket ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    sencillo 1
    ◊ - lla adjetivo

    1
    a) ‹ejercicio/problema› simple, straightforward;



    ‹vestido/estilo› simple, plain;
    ‹casa/comida› simple, modest
    2 (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    sencillo 2 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( disco) single
    2 (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3 (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    sencillo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (una solución, un problema) simple, easy
    2 (un vestido, diseño) simple, plain
    3 (persona) natural, unassuming
    4 (habitación, billete) single
    II sustantivo masculino (billete, disco) single
    ' sencillo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    billete
    - elemental
    - fácil
    - manejo
    - sencilla
    - simple
    - sobria
    - sobrio
    - tirada
    - tirado
    English:
    basic
    - down-home
    - easy
    - neat
    - plain
    - simple
    - single
    - single-space
    - straightforward
    - change
    - fool
    - low
    - painless
    - small
    - straight
    - unaffected
    - unassuming
    - unsophisticated
    * * *
    sencillo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [fácil] simple;
    no fue sencillo convencerla it was not easy to convince her
    2. [sin lujo] [decoración, vestido] simple
    3. [claro, natural] [lenguaje, estilo] simple
    4. [campechano] natural, unaffected;
    es muy sencillo en el trato he's very natural o unaffected
    5. [billete] Br single, US one-way
    6. [no múltiple] single;
    ♦ nm
    1. [disco] single
    2. Andes, CAm, Méx Fam [cambio] loose change
    * * *
    I adj simple;
    gente(s) sencilla(s) simple people
    II m
    1 L.Am.
    small change
    2 en béisbol base hit
    * * *
    sencillo, - lla adj
    1) : simple, easy
    2) : plain, unaffected
    3) : single
    1) : single (recording)
    2) : small change (coins)
    3) : one-way ticket
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > sencillo

  • 69 шлях

    ч
    1) road, way; route; track; ( маршрут) itinerary

    великий шлях — highway, public road

    шляхи сполучення — transport routes; communications

    шлях доступу комп. — access path, ( до файлу) pathspec

    2) (напрям діяльності, розвитку) course; way
    3) ( спосіб) way, means

    мирним шляхом — peacefully, amicably

    яким шляхом? — in what way?; by what means?

    4)

    шляхи мн. анат. — passage, duct

    5)

    Українсько-англійський словник > шлях

  • 70 izli

    running on a track or on a rail. izli transport rail transport

    Uzbek-English dictionary > izli

  • 71 автомобиль

    * * *
    автомоби́ль м.
    брит. motor vehicle; амер. automobile; ( легковой) брит. (motor) car; амер. car; ( грузовой) брит. lorry; амер. truck
    вести́ автомоби́ль «нака́том» — let a car free-wheel
    вести́ автомоби́ль на пе́рвой, второ́й, тре́тьей ско́рости — the car drives in first, second, third gear, drive the car in first [second, third] gear
    запуска́ть автомоби́ль «на ско́рости» ( с включённой передачей) — start a car in gear
    автомоби́ль «клюё́т» ( при резком торможении) — the car nose-dives
    консерви́ровать автомоби́ль на зи́му — lay up a car for winter
    автомоби́ль «нае́здил» ( столько-то) [m2]км — the car has (so many) km on it
    обка́тывать автомоби́ль — break in a (new) car
    автомоби́ль облада́ет хоро́шей или плохо́й обтека́емостью — the car has good or poor wind [air] shape
    оформля́ть вне́шний вид автомоби́ля — style a car
    переводи́ть автомоби́ль на зи́мнюю эксплуата́цию — winterize a car
    пуска́ть автомоби́ль в эксплуата́цию — put a (new) car on the road
    автомоби́ль «слу́шается» руля́ изли́шне легко́ — the car oversteers
    автомоби́ль «слу́шается» руля́ с замедле́нием [«ту́го»] — the car understeers
    содержа́ть автомоби́ль в хоро́шем состоя́нии — keep a car properly tuned up
    эксплуати́ровать автомоби́ль на ши́нах завы́шенного разме́ра — overtyre a car
    эксплуати́ровать автомоби́ль на ши́нах зани́женного разме́ра — undertyre a car
    автомоби́ль авари́йной слу́жбы — emergency service vehicle
    аккумуля́торный автомоби́ль — battery car
    безопа́сный автомоби́ль — wreck-resistant car
    безра́мный автомоби́ль — frameless vehicle, unit-construction car
    автомоби́ль высо́кой [повы́шенной] проходи́мости — cross-country vehicle
    газобалло́нный автомоби́ль — compressed gas vehicle
    газогенера́торный автомоби́ль — gas-producer vehicle
    газотурби́нный автомоби́ль — (gas) turbine vehicle
    грузово́й автомоби́ль — брит. lorry; амер. truck
    грузово́й автомоби́ль большо́й грузоподъё́мности — heavy(-duty) truck
    грузово́й, лё́гкий автомоби́ль — light(-duty) truck
    грузово́й автомоби́ль ма́лой грузоподъё́мности — light(-duty) truck
    грузово́й автомоби́ль с каби́ной над дви́гателем — cab-over-engine truck
    грузово́й автомоби́ль с ку́зовом-платфо́рмой — platform [plank-body, flat bed] truck
    грузово́й автомоби́ль с откидны́ми борта́ми — drop-side truck
    грузово́й автомоби́ль сре́дней грузоподъё́мности — medium(-duty) truck
    грузово́й, тяжё́лый автомоби́ль — heavy(-duty) truck
    гру́зо-пассажи́рский автомоби́ль — брит. estate car; амер. station wagon, utility car
    гу́сеничный автомоби́ль — track-type [crawler-type, track-laying, tracked] vehicle
    двухо́сный автомоби́ль — two-axle vehicle
    ди́зельный автомоби́ль — Diesel-powered [Diesel-engined] vehicle, Diesel-powered truck
    автомоби́ль для вы́возки му́сора — garbage [removal, refuse collecting] truck
    автомоби́ль для перево́зки скота́ — cattle truck
    автомоби́ль для поли́вки у́лиц — street watering motor car
    автомоби́ль для убо́рки у́лиц — communal truck, road sweeper, road broom, street cleaner
    изотерми́ческий автомоби́ль — refrigerated truck
    легково́й автомоби́ль — брит. (motor) car; амер. car
    лесово́зный автомоби́ль — lumber carrier, timber truck
    малолитра́жный автомоби́ль — economy [compact] car
    микролитра́жный автомоби́ль — baby car, minicar
    автомоби́ль о́бщего назначе́ния — utility vehicle
    опера́торский автомоби́ль кфт. — camera car
    о́пытный автомоби́ль — prototype car
    парово́й автомоби́ль — steam car
    пассажи́рский автомоби́ль — passenger car, passenger vehicle
    автомоби́ль по доста́вке това́ров — delivery truck
    пожа́рный автомоби́ль — fire-fighting vehicle, fire engine, fire appliance
    полноприводно́й автомоби́ль — all-wheel-drive vehicle
    почто́вый автомоби́ль — postal car, mail van, mail wag(g)on
    прока́тный автомоби́ль — hire [rental] car
    автомоби́ль, пу́щенный в произво́дство — production motor vehicle
    автомоби́ль, рабо́тающий на сжи́женном га́зе — liquid-gas vehicle
    санита́рный автомоби́ль — medical vehicle
    автомоби́ль с бензи́новым дви́гателем и электри́ческой трансми́ссией — брит. petrol-electric vehicle; амер. gasoline-electric vehicle
    автомоби́ль с двумя́ дви́гателями — two-engined [twin-engined] vehicle
    автомоби́ль с жё́стким ве́рхом — hardtop (car)
    автомоби́ль с за́дним расположе́нием дви́гателя — rear-engined car
    автомоби́ль с карбюра́торным дви́гателем — брит. petrol-powered lorry; амер. gasoline-powered truck
    автомоби́ль с карда́нной переда́чей — line axle car
    автомоби́ль ско́рой по́мощи — ambulance (car)
    автомоби́ль с ку́зовом «Универса́л» — station wag(g)on, estate car
    снегоубо́рочный автомоби́ль — snow-fighting vehicle
    автомоби́ль с незави́симой подве́ской колё́с — independently sprung car
    автомоби́ль с несу́щим ку́зовом — frameless vehicle, unit-construction car
    автомоби́ль с откидны́м ве́рхом — convertible [soft-top] car
    автомоби́ль с пере́дними веду́щими колё́сами — front wheel drive car
    спорти́вный автомоби́ль — sports car
    автомоби́ль с при́водом на все колё́са — all-wheel drive vehicle
    автомоби́ль с управля́емыми за́дними колё́сами — rear-steering car
    автомоби́ль с цепно́й гла́вной переда́чей — chain driven car
    автомоби́ль с четырьмя́ веду́щими колё́сами — four-wheel drive vehicle
    тра́нспортный автомоби́ль — transport vehicle
    трёхо́сный автомоби́ль — three-axle vehicle
    эксперимента́льный автомоби́ль — experimental car
    электри́ческий автомоби́ль — electric-battery car

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > автомобиль

  • 72 ajo

    yks.nom. ajo; yks.gen. ajon; yks.part. ajoa; yks.ill. ajoon; mon.gen. ajojen; mon.part. ajoja; mon.ill. ajoihin
    cartage (noun)
    chase (noun)
    drive (noun)
    driving (noun)
    haulage (noun)
    hauling (noun)
    hunt (noun)
    hunting (noun)
    pursuit (noun)
    run (noun)
    track (noun)
    * * *
    • pursuit
    • venery
    • transport
    technology
    • tracking
    technology
    • track
    • rush
    technology
    • run
    technology
    • chasing
    technology
    • riding
    • ride
    • race
    • hunt
    technology
    • hauling
    technology
    • haulage
    technology
    • drive
    technology
    • driving
    • chase
    technology
    • cartage
    • battue
    • hunting

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > ajo

  • 73 железнодорожный

    прил.
    railway; railroad амер.

    железнодорожная ветка — branch line, branch-line

    железнодорожное сообщение — railway communication; railway service

    железнодорожное движение — railway traffic, train service

    железнодорожный путь — (railway) track/line

    Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > железнодорожный

  • 74 Ackermann, Rudolph

    [br]
    b. 20 April 1764 Stolberg, Saxony
    d. 30 March 1834 Finchley, London, England
    [br]
    German-born fine-art publisher and bookseller, noted for his arrangement of the steering of the front wheels of horse-drawn carriages, which is still used in automobiles today.
    [br]
    Ackermann's father was a coachbuilder and harness-maker who in 1775 moved to Schneeberg. Rudolph was educated there and later entered his father's workshop for a short time. He visited Dresden, among other towns in Germany, and was resident in Paris for a short time, but eventually settled in London. For the first ten years of his life there he was employed in making designs for many of the leading coach builders. His steering-gear consisted of an arrangement of the track arms on the stub axles and their connection by the track rod in such a way that the inner wheel moved through a greater angle than the outer one, so giving approximately true rolling of the wheels in cornering. A necessary condition for this is that, in the plan view, the point of intersection of the axes of all the wheels must be at a point which always lies on the projection of the rear axle. In addition, the front wheels are inclined to bring the line of contact of the front wheels under the line of the pivots, about which they turn when cornering. This mechanism was not entirely new, having been proposed for windmill carriages in 1714 by Du Quet, but it was brought into prominence by Ackermann and so has come to bear his name.
    In 1801 he patented a method of rendering paper, cloth and other materials waterproof and set up a factory in Chelsea for that purpose. He was one of the first private persons to light his business premises with gas. He also devoted some time to a patent for movable carriage axles between 1818 and 1820. In 1805 he was put in charge of the preparation of the funeral car for Lord Nelson.
    Most of his life and endeavours were devoted to fine-art printing and publishing. He was responsible for the introduction into England of lithography as a fine art: it had first been introduced as a mechanical process in 1801, but was mainly used for copying until Ackermann took it up in 1817, setting up a press and engaging the services of a number of prominent artists, including W.H.Pyne, W.Combe, Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson. In 1819 he published an English translation of J.A.Senefelder's A Complete Course of Lithography, illustrated with lithographic plates from his press. He was much involved in charitable works for widows, children and wounded soldiers after the war of 1814. In 1830 he suffered "an attack of paralysis" which left him unable to continue in business. He died four years later and was buried at St Clement Danes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    His fine-art publications are numerous and well known, and include the following:
    The Microcosm of London University of Oxford University of Cambridge The Thames
    Further Reading
    Aubrey F.Burstall, "A history of mechanical engineering", Dictionary of National Biography.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Ackermann, Rudolph

  • 75 Curr, John

    [br]
    b. 1756 Kyo, near Lanchester, or in Greenside, near Ryton-on-Tyne, Durham, England
    d. 27 January 1823 Sheffield, England
    [br]
    English coal-mine manager and engineer, inventor of flanged, cast-iron plate rails.
    [br]
    The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.
    In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.
    Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.
    Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1788. British patent no. 1,660 (guides in mine shafts).
    1789. An Account of tin Improved Method of Drawing Coals and Extracting Ores, etc., from Mines, Newcastle upon Tyne.
    1797. The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion; reprinted with five plates and an introduction by Charles E.Lee, 1970, London: Frank Cass, and New York: Augustus M.Kelley.
    1798. British patent no. 2,270 (flat hemp ropes).
    Further Reading
    F.Bland, 1930–1, "John Curr, originator of iron tram roads", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 11:121–30.
    R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42:1–23 (includes corrections to Fred Bland's earlier paper).
    Charles E.Lee, 1970, introduction to John Curr, The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion, London: Frank Cass, pp. 1–4; orig. pub. 1797, Sheffield (contains the most comprehensive biographical information).
    R.Galloway, 1898, Annals of Coalmining, Vol. I, London; reprinted 1971, London (provides a detailed account of Curr's technological alterations).
    WK / PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Curr, John

  • 76 Hedley, William

    [br]
    b. 13 July 1779 Newburn, Northumberland, England
    d. 9 January 1843 Lanchester, Co. Durham, England
    [br]
    English coal-mine manager, pioneer in the construction and use of steam locomotives.
    [br]
    The Wylam wagonway passed Newburn, and Hedley, who went to school at Wylam, must have been familiar with this wagonway from childhood. It had been built c.1748 to carry coal from Wylam Colliery to the navigable limit of the Tyne at Lemington. In 1805 Hedley was appointed viewer, or manager, of Wylam Colliery by Christopher Blackett, who had inherited the colliery and wagonway in 1800. Unlike most Tyneside wagonways, the gradient of the Wylam line was insufficient for loaded wagons to run down by gravity and they had to be hauled by horses. Blackett had a locomotive, of the type designed by Richard Trevithick, built at Gateshead as early as 1804 but did not take delivery, probably because his wooden track was not strong enough. In 1808 Blackett and Hedley relaid the wagonway with plate rails of the type promoted by Benjamin Outram, and in 1812, following successful introduction of locomotives at Middleton by John Blenkinsop, Blackett asked Hedley to investigate the feasibility of locomotives at Wylam. The expense of re-laying with rack rails was unwelcome, and Hedley experimented to find out the relationship between the weight of a locomotive and the load it could move relying on its adhesion weight alone. He used first a model test carriage, which survives at the Science Museum, London, and then used a full-sized test carriage laden with weights in varying quantities and propelled by men turning handles. Having apparently satisfied himself on this point, he had a locomotive incorporating the frames and wheels of the test carriage built. The work was done at Wylam by Thomas Waters, who was familiar with the 1804 locomotive, Timothy Hackworth, foreman smith, and Jonathan Forster, enginewright. This locomotive, with cast-iron boiler and single cylinder, was unsatisfactory: Hackworth and Forster then built another locomotive to Hedley's design, with a wrought-iron return-tube boiler, two vertical external cylinders and drive via overhead beams through pinions to the two axles. This locomotive probably came into use in the spring of 1814: it performed well and further examples of the type were built. Their axle loading, however, was too great for the track and from about 1815 each locomotive was mounted on two four-wheeled bogies, the bogie having recently been invented by William Chapman. Hedley eventually left Wylam in 1827 to devote himself to other colliery interests. He supported the construction of the Clarence Railway, opened in 1833, and sent his coal over it in trains hauled by his own locomotives. Two of his Wylam locomotives survive— Puffing Billy at the Science Museum, London, and Wylam Dilly at the Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh—though how much of these is original and how much dates from the period 1827–32, when the Wylam line was re-laid with edge rails and the locomotives reverted to four wheels (with flanges), is a matter of mild controversy.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    P.R.B.Brooks, 1980, William Hedley Locomotive Pioneer, Newcastle upon Tyne: Tyne \& Wear Industrial Monuments Trust (a good recent short biography of Hedley, with bibliography).
    R.Young, 1975, Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive, Shildon: Shildon "Stockton \& Darlington Railway" Silver Jubilee Committee; orig. pub. 1923, London.
    C.R.Warn, 1976, Waggonways and Early Railways of Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne: Frank Graham.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Hedley, William

  • 77 Holt, Benjamin

    [br]
    b. 1 January 1849 Concord, New Hampshire, USA
    d. 5 December 1924 Stockton, California, USA
    [br]
    American machinery manufacturer responsible for the development of the Caterpillar tractor and for early developments in combine harvesters.
    [br]
    In 1864 Charles Henry Holt led three other brothers to California in response to the gold rush. In 1868 he founded C.H.Holt \& Co. in San Francisco with the help of his brothers Williams and Ames. The company dealt in timber as well as wagon and carriage materials, as did the business they had left behind in Concord in the care of their youngest brother, Benjamin. In 1883 Benjamin joined the others in California and together they formed the Stockton Wheel Company with offices in San Francisco and Stockton. The brothers recognized the potential of combine harvesters and purchased a number of patents, enlarged their works and began to experiment. Their first combine was produced in 1886, and worked for forty-six days that year. With the stimulus of Benjamin Holt the company produced the first hillside combine in 1891 and introduced the concept of belt drive. The Holt harvesting machine produced in 1904 was the first to use an auxiliary gas engine. By 1889 Benjamin was sole family executive. In 1890 the company produced its first traction engine. He began experimenting with track-laying machines, building his first in 1904. It was this machine which earned the nickname "Caterpillar", which has remained the company trade name to the present day. In 1906 thecompany produced its first gasoline-engined Caterpillar, and the first production model was introduced two years later. The development of Caterpillar tractors had a significant impact on the transport potential of the Allies during the First World War, and the Holt production of track-laying traction engines was of immense importance to the supply of the armed forces. In 1918 Benjamin Holt was still actively involved in the company, but he died in Stockton in 1920.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.A.Payne (ed.), 1982, Benjamin Holt: The Story of the Caterpillar Tractor, Stockton, Calif: University of the Pacific (provides an illustrated account of the life of Holt and the company he formed).
    R.Jones, "Benjamin Holt and the Caterpillar tractor", Vintage Tractor Magazine 1st special vol.
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Holt, Benjamin

  • 78 Stevens, John

    [br]
    b. 1749 New York, New York, USA
    d. 6 March 1838 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    American pioneer of steamboats and railways.
    [br]
    Stevens, a wealthy landowner with an estate at Hoboken on the Hudson River, had his attention drawn to the steamboat of John Fitch in 1786, and thenceforth devoted much of his time and fortune to developing steamboats and mechanical transport. He also had political influence and it was at his instance that Congress in 1790 passed an Act establishing the first patent laws in the USA. The following year Stevens was one of the first recipients of a US patent. This referred to multi-tubular boilers, of both watertube and firetube types, and antedated by many years the work of both Henry Booth and Marc Seguin on the latter.
    A steamboat built in 1798 by John Stevens, Nicholas J.Roosevelt and Stevens's brother-in-law, Robert R.Livingston, in association was unsuccessful, nor was Stevens satisfied with a boat built in 1802 in which a simple rotary steam-en-gine was mounted on the same shaft as a screw propeller. However, although others had experimented earlier with screw propellers, when John Stevens had the Little Juliana built in 1804 he produced the first practical screw steamboat. Steam at 50 psi (3.5 kg/cm2) pressure was supplied by a watertube boiler to a single-cylinder engine which drove two contra-rotating shafts, upon each of which was mounted a screw propeller. This little boat, less than 25 ft (7.6 m) long, was taken backwards and forwards across the Hudson River by two of Stevens's sons, one of whom, R.L. Stevens, was to help his father with many subsequent experiments. The boat, however, was ahead of its time, and steamships were to be driven by paddle wheels until the late 1830s.
    In 1807 John Stevens declined an invitation to join with Robert Fulton and Robert R.Living-ston in their development work, which culminated in successful operation of the PS Clermont that summer; in 1808, however, he launched his own paddle steamer, the Phoenix. But Fulton and Livingston had obtained an effective monopoly of steamer operation on the Hudson and, unable to reach agreement with them, Stevens sent Phoenix to Philadelphia to operate on the Delaware River. The intervening voyage over 150 miles (240 km) of open sea made Phoenix the first ocean-going steamer.
    From about 1810 John Stevens turned his attention to the possibilities of railways. He was at first considered a visionary, but in 1815, at his instance, the New Jersey Assembly created a company to build a railway between the Delaware and Raritan Rivers. It was the first railway charter granted in the USA, although the line it authorized remained unbuilt. To demonstrate the feasibility of the steam locomotive, Stevens built an experimental locomotive in 1825, at the age of 76. With flangeless wheels, guide rollers and rack-and-pinion drive, it ran on a circular track at his Hoboken home; it was the first steam locomotive to be built in America.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1812, Documents Tending to Prove the Superior Advantages of Rail-ways and Steam-carriages over Canal Navigation.
    He took out patents relating to steam-engines in the USA in 1791, 1803, and 1810, and in England, through his son John Cox Stevens, in 1805.
    Further Reading
    H.P.Spratt, 1958, The Birth of the Steamboat, Charles Griffin (provides technical details of Stevens's boats).
    J.T.Flexner, 1978, Steamboats Come True, Boston: Little, Brown (describes his work in relation to that of other steamboat pioneers).
    J.R.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1927) 7: 114 (discusses tubular boilers).
    J.R.Day and B.G.Wilson, 1957, Unusual Railways, F.Muller (discusses Stevens's locomotive).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Stevens, John

  • 79 ПТС

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ПТС

  • 80 жёсткая система транспортировки обрабатываемых деталей

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > жёсткая система транспортировки обрабатываемых деталей

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