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1 ὀξύς
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `sharp, stinging', of taste `sour, tartish', of the voice `clear, loud', of inner and outer movement `fierce, acute, rapid' (Il.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, also with prefix, e.g. ἄπ-οξυς `pointed' (Hp., Dsc., Gal.), backformation from ἀπ-οξύνω, s. Strömberg Prefix Studies 41 f.Derivatives: From it ὄξος n. `wine vinegar' (s. v.); ὀξύτης, - ητος f. `sharpness, sourness, acuteness', gramm. `high-tonedness' (IA.); ὀξύς, - ύδος f. `dock, Rumex' (Plin., Gal.; cf. ἐμύς, κροκύς and Chantraine Form. 347 f.). Denomin. verb ὀξύνω, also w. prefix, esp. παρ-, `to sharpen, to whet, to sour, to heat' (IA.) with ὄξυντρα n. pl. `payment for a sharpener' (hell. inscr.), ὀξύσματα n. pl. `whetting, sharpening' (Delos IIIa), παροξυσμός m. `irritation, embitterment' (Hp., D.), - ντικός `enlivening, irritating, embittering' (IA.), - νταί pl. H. ( ὀξύντης Hdn. 1, 77, 25; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 205).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Without exact non-Greek agreement. One compares ὄκρις (s. v.), beside which with much more usual α-vowel ἄκρος etc.; in ὀξ-ύς one assumes the reduced grade oḱs- of the s-stem assumed in ἀκοστή (s. v.), ἀμφ-ήκης (uncertain, s. ἠκή) a.o. WP. 1, 31, Pok. 21, W.-Hofmann s. 2. ācer, 1. acus. Cf. ὀξίνα. - The etymology is quite unconvincing and must be rejected. Is the word Pre-Greek? - To be rejected Haas Ling. Posn. 3, 78 (s. on ξαίνω).Page in Frisk: 2,401Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀξύς
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2 στρυφνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `bitter, of taste, sour, astringent, severe' (Pl., Ar., Arist. etc.).Derivatives: - ότης f. `bitterness, severity' (Arist., Plu. a.o.), - όω `to astringe' (Plu. [v. l.], Eust.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive adj., which reminds in form and meaning στύφω (s. v.); anl. στρ- as in στριφνός, στρηνής, στράγξ. Connection outside Greek is however not excluded: Germ., e.g. OS strūf `upright, stiff, raw', OHG strūbēn `be stiff, strauben'; also Slav., e.g. OCS strъpъtъ `rawness, harshness', Russ. strúp `scab, crust of a wound' etc.; all uncertain; s., except Bq, WP. 2. 635, Pok. 1027, Vasmer s. v., also Fraenkel s. strùbas; everywhere w. further lit.Page in Frisk: 2,811-812Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρυφνός
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3 ὄμφαξ
ὄμφαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: f. (late also m.).Meaning: `herling, unripe sour bunch of grapes' (η 125), also of olives (Poll.); metaph. of a younge girl, an undeveloped nipple etc. (poet.).Derivatives: 1. ὀμφάκιον n. `juice of unripe grapes or olives' (Hp., pap.); 2. ὀμφακίς, - ίδος f. `cup of a certain kind of oak' (Paul. Aeg.; because of the contracting astringent taste); 3. ὀμφακ-ίας ( οἶνος) m. `herling wine' (Gal.), metaph. = `sour, unripe' (Ar., Luc.; cf. Chantraine Form. 94 f.); - ίτης ( οἶνος) m. `id.', also name of a stone (Gal.; codd. - τίτης), - ῖτις f. of ἐλαίη (Hp.), `kind of oakapple' (Dsc., Gal.; Redard 58, 98, 75, 114); 4. ὀμφακώδης 'ὄ.-like' (Hp., Arist.), - ινος `made of ὄ.' (Hp., pap.), - ηρὰ ( ἀγγεῖα) n. pl. `vessels for ὄ.' (medic., pap.); 5. ὀμφακίζω 'to be ὄ., i.e. sour, unripe', also of other fruits (LXX, Dsc.), - ίζομαι `to pick sour wine grapes' (Epich.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained, perh. a foreign word (cf. Chantraine Form. 377). On itself ὄμφ-αξ could come from an unattested *ὀμφων ( = Lat. umbō etc.; s. ὀμφαλός); the semantic explanation "navellike knob" (WP. 1, 130, Pok. 315, similar Grošelj Živa Ant. 2, 21 3 f. with wrong further conclusions) can hardly be considered as convincing. Another, certainly wrong explanation in Curtius 294. -- Wrong also Lagercrantz KZ 35, 285ff. (s. Bq). - Furnée 341 connects ἀμφίας `a bad Sicilian wine' and ἀμφής οἴνου ἄνθος. οἱ δε μέλανα οἶνον H. The variation would point to Pre-Greek. (The suffix - αξ is typically Pre-Greek.)Page in Frisk: 2,392Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄμφαξ
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4 ὄξος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `wine vinegar' (IA.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀξο-πώλης m. `vendor of wine vinegar' (Lib., Poll.), ὀξ-άλμη f. `broth made of ὄ. and ἅλμη' (com.; Risch IF 59, 58), κάτ-οξος `drenched with wine vinegar' (Posidipp. Com.).Derivatives: 1. Subst.: Dimin. ὀξίδιον n. (pap.); ὀξίς, - ίδος f. `vinegar flask' (com., pap.; Chantraine Form. 343, Mayser Pap. I: 3, 54); ὀξίνης ( οἶνος) m. `sour wine', also metaph. and as adj. of men `sour, illtempered' (Hp., Ar., Thphr.; cf. e.g. κεγχρίνης, ἐλαφίνης and Chantraine Form. 203); ὀξαλίς, - ίδος f. `sorrel, Rumex' (Nic., Ps.-Dsc.; like φυσαλίς a.o., Chantraine 252) wit ὀξάλ-ειος `tartish' (Apollod. Car.: *ὄξαλος), ὀξηλίς f. plantname (Theognost.). 2. Adj.: ὀξ-ηρός `concerning wine vinegar, acetic' (S., Ar., medic.; Chantraine 233), - ωτός `in salt' (Ar. Fr. 130; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 18), - ώδης `wine vinager-like, sour' (Gal.), - ῖτις f. `tasting like wine vinegar' ( PHolm., Redard 58). 3. Verb ὀξίζω `to taste or smell like w.' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Page in Frisk: 2,399-400Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄξος
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5 ὀξίζω
ὀξίζω (fr. ὄξος via ὀξί ‘vinegar cruet’) 1 aor. ὤξισα (Soranus p. 69, 25; 70, 14; Diosc. 1, 115, 2; 5, 6, 14; Paradoxogr. Flor. 20; Geopon. 5, 29, 4; 7, 15, 6) become sour, taste of vinegar of half-empty wine jars ὀξίζουσι they turn sour Hm 12, 5, 3b. Therefore their owner fears μήποτε ὤξισαν that they have become sour 12, 5, 3a.—DELG s.v. ὀξύ. -
6 ὑπότριμμα
A a dish compounded of various ingredients grated and pounded up together, Hp.Vict.2.56, 3.80, Gal.6.650, cf.ὑποτρίβω 1.2
;ἐν ὑ. ζέσαι Antiph.222.3
;ὑποτρίμμασι καρυκεύσῃ Jul. Or.6.192a
, cf. 7.226a: its general taste was sour or piquant, hence βλέπων ὑπότριμμα looking sharp and sour, Ar.Ec. 292; ὑ. χλωρά, of green herb sauces or soups, also called φυλλάδες, Poll.6.71. Cf. ὑπόσφαγμα.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπότριμμα
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7 ἐνοξίζω
ἐνοξίζω (ὀξίζω ‘taste or smell like vinegar’) 1 aor. ἐνώξισα (hapax leg.) to have the taste of fermentation, become sour IMg 10:2.—DELG s.v. ὀξύς. -
8 στρυφνός
A sour, harsh, astringent, Pl.Ti. 65d, X. Hier.1.22, Thphr.HP3.12.4, Gal.6.68,450;τὸ σ. συνάγεν τὰν γεῦσιν πέφυκε Ti.Locr.101c
;σ. μῆλα Antiph.188
; βόλβα (because served with vinegar, etc.) Luc.Epigr.46;οἶνος Dsc.5.6
;γάλα Sor.1.91
;μᾶζα Hsch.
;στρυφνοῦ καὶ αὐστηροῦ τὸ κοινὸν γένος ὀνομάζεται στῦφον Gal.6.475
; τὸ ς. defined as more στῦφον than τὸ αὐστηρόν, ib.778, 15.641.II metaph. of temper or manner, harsh, austere,σ. ἦθος Ar.V. 877
, Arist.HA 491b16;ἄνθρωποι X.Cyr.2.2.11
([comp] Comp.); οἱ ς. Arist.EN 1157b14; ἐν τοῖς σ. καὶ πρεσβυτικοῖς ib. 1158a2; . Adv.-νῶς, ἐχθροῖς προσφερόμεθα Eust.931.45
.2 of style, harsh, austere, D.H.Amm. 2.2; τὸ τραχὺ καὶ ς. (v.l. στριφνόν) Id.Comp.22.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στρυφνός
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