-
1 sustain a theory
Общая лексика: поддерживать теорию, подтверждать теорию -
2 sustain a theory
поддерживать теорию, подтверждать теорию -
3 sustain
sustain [səˊsteɪn] v1) подде́рживать, подпира́ть2) подкрепля́ть, подде́рживать;to sustain life подде́рживать жизнь
;to sustain a conversation подде́рживать разгово́р
3) испы́тывать, выноси́ть; выде́рживать;to sustain injuries получи́ть уве́чье
;to sustain a loss понести́ уще́рб, потерпе́ть убы́ток
4) подтвержда́ть, дока́зывать, подде́рживать;the court sustained his claim суд реши́л в его́ по́льзу
;to sustain a theory подде́рживать, подтвержда́ть тео́рию
5) выде́рживать (роль, характер и т.п.) -
4 sustain
[səsˈteɪn]sustain подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать; the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу; to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию sustain выдерживать (роль, характер и т. п.) sustain выдерживать sustain защищать (право) sustain защищать sustain испытывать, выносить; выдерживать; to sustain injuries получить увечье; to sustain a loss понести потерю sustain испытывать sustain нести (убыток) sustain переносить sustain поддерживать, разрешать, принимать (о возражении, ходатайстве, требовании и т.д.) sustain поддерживать, подпирать sustain поддерживать sustain подкреплять, поддерживать; to sustain life поддерживать жизнь; to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор sustain подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать; the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу; to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию sustain потерпеть, понести (ущерб, убыток и т.д.) sustain признавать конституционным (о законе) sustain признавать конституционным sustain противостоять sustain стойко переносить sustain терпеть (убыток) sustain подкреплять, поддерживать; to sustain life поддерживать жизнь; to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор sustain подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать; the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу; to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию sustain испытывать, выносить; выдерживать; to sustain injuries получить увечье; to sustain a loss понести потерю sustain подкреплять, поддерживать; to sustain life поддерживать жизнь; to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор -
5 sustain
səsˈteɪn гл.
1) поддерживать, подпирать Syn: support, prop up
2) поддерживать, придавать силы (морально и материально) ;
подкреплять food sustains life ≈ пища поддерживает жизнь Syn: uphold
3) поддерживать;
удовлетворять to sustain a claim ≈ поддерживать претензию
4) испытывать;
переносить, претерпевать;
выносить, выдерживать He sustained a stress. ≈ Он перенес стресс.
5) подтверждать, подкреплять ( теорию) Syn: confirm, corroborate
6) выдерживать (роль, характер и т. п.) подпирать, поддерживать - the beams * the celling балки поддерживают потолок оказывать поддержку, придавать силы;
подкреплять - to * smb.'s hopes поддерживать в ком-л. надежды, не дать чьим-л. надеждам угаснуть - food *s life пища поддерживает жизнь поддерживать, не дать прекратиться, оборваться, угаснуть и т. п. - to * a conversation поддерживать разговор - to * efforts не прекращать усилий - to * life поддерживать жизнь переносить, претерпевать, испытывать - he *ed a shock он перенес потрясение - to * injuries получить увечье - to * a defeat потерпеть поражение - to * a loss понести потерю;
потерпеть убыток - to * losses /casualties/ (военное) нести потери выдерживать, стойко переносить - to * a siege выдержать осаду - to * comparison with smth. выдержать сравнение с чем-л. поддерживать, защищать;
удовлетворять (возражение, отвод) - to * an objection поддерживать возражение - to * a claim поддерживать претензию - the court *ed his claim суд решил (дело) в его пользу подтверждать, подкреплять (теорию, обвинение, заявление) - edivence to * an assertion показания /факты/, подтверждающие какое-л. заявление играть( роль) тянуть (звук, ноту) (военное) снабжать, обеспечивать - to * troops обеспечивать войска ~ подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать;
the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу;
to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию sustain выдерживать (роль, характер и т. п.) ~ выдерживать ~ защищать (право) ~ защищать ~ испытывать, выносить;
выдерживать;
to sustain injuries получить увечье;
to sustain a loss понести потерю ~ испытывать ~ нести( убыток) ~ переносить ~ поддерживать, разрешать, принимать( о возражении, ходатайстве, требовании и т.д.) ~ поддерживать, подпирать ~ поддерживать ~ подкреплять, поддерживать;
to sustain life поддерживать жизнь;
to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор ~ подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать;
the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу;
to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию ~ потерпеть, понести (ущерб, убыток и т.д.) ~ признавать конституционным (о законе) ~ признавать конституционным ~ противостоять ~ стойко переносить ~ терпеть (убыток) ~ подкреплять, поддерживать;
to sustain life поддерживать жизнь;
to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор ~ подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать;
the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу;
to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию ~ испытывать, выносить;
выдерживать;
to sustain injuries получить увечье;
to sustain a loss понести потерю ~ подкреплять, поддерживать;
to sustain life поддерживать жизнь;
to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор -
6 sustain
v1) підпирати, підтримувати2) перен. підтримувати, надавати сил; підкріпляти; живитиto sustain smb.'s hopes — підтримувати в комусь надії
3) зазнаватиto sustain losses — військ. зазнати втрат
4) стійко переносити; витримувати, протистояти5) підтримувати, захищати, підтверджувати6) грати, відігравати (роль)7) тягти (ноту, звук)8) військ. забезпечувати* * *v1) підпирати, підтримувати2) надавати підтримку, надавати сил; підкріплювати; підтримувати; не дати припинитися, обірватися, згаснути3) переносити, зазнаватиto sustain a defeat — зазнати поразки; витримувати
4) підтримувати, захищати; задовольнити (заперечення, відвід)5) підтверджувати, підкріплювати (теорію, обвинувачення, заяву)7) тягти (звук, ноту)8) вiйcьк. постачати, забезпечувати -
7 sustain
[sə'stein]1) (to bear (the weight of): The branches could hardly sustain the weight of the fruit.) vzdržati2) (to give help or strength to: The thought of seeing her again sustained him throughout his ordeal.) podpirati* * *[səstéin]transitive verbvzdrževati, oskrbovati, hraniti, preživljati; podpirati; podkrepiti; braniti; prenašati, nositi, prenesti, vzdržati, vztrajati, ne popuščati, ne prenehati; (pre)trpeti, utrpeti, prenesti (izgubo); music obdržati (noto); juridically odločiti v koristto sustain a theory — podkrepiti, podpirati neko teorijo -
8 sustain
verb1) поддерживать, подпирать2) подкреплять, поддерживать; to sustain life поддерживать жизнь; to sustain a conversation поддерживать разговор3) испытывать, выносить; выдерживать; to sustain injuries получить увечье; to sustain a loss понести потерю4) подтверждать, доказывать, поддерживать; the court sustained his claim суд решил в его пользу; to sustain a theory поддерживать, подтверждать теорию5) выдерживать (роль, характер и т. п.)Syn:uphold* * *(v) доказать; доказывать; поддержать; поддерживать* * *поддерживать; придавать силы; способствовать* * *[sus·tain || sə'steɪn] v. подпирать, поддерживать, подкреплять, испытывать, выдерживать, выносить, доказывать, подтверждать* * *выдержатьвыдерживатьвыноситьвытерпетьдоказыватьигратьизведатьиспытатьиспытыватьподдержатьподдерживатьподдержитеподкреплятьподпиратьподтверждатьстерпетьтянутьустоять* * *1) а) поддерживать (морально и материально); придавать силы; способствовать (осуществлению чего-л.) б) поддерживать 2) испытывать; нести; переносить, претерпевать 3) подтверждать, подкреплять (теорию) -
9 sustain
sustain [sə'steɪn](a) (maintain, keep up → conversation) entretenir; (→ effort, attack, pressure) soutenir, maintenir; (→ someone's interest) maintenir;∎ if the present level of economic growth is sustained si le niveau actuel de croissance économique est maintenu(b) (support physically) soutenir, supporter;∎ steel girders sustain the weight of the bridge le pont est soutenu par des poutres en acier(c) (support morally) soutenir;∎ it was only their belief in God that sustained them seule leur croyance en Dieu les a soutenus∎ they had only dried fruit and water to sustain them ils n'avaient que des fruits secs et de l'eau pour subsister;∎ one meal a day is not enough to sustain you l'homme a besoin pour vivre de plus d'un repas par jour;∎ a planet capable of sustaining life une planète capable de maintenir la vie∎ to sustain an injury recevoir une blessure, être blessé;∎ the man sustained a serious blow to the head l'homme a été grièvement atteint à la tête(g) (withstand) supporter;∎ her fragile condition will not sustain another shock étant donné la fragilité de son état, elle ne supportera pas un nouveau choc∎ the court refused to sustain the motion le tribunal refusa d'admettre ou d'accorder la requête;∎ objection sustained objection admise;∎ the court sustained her claim le tribunal lui accorda gain de cause(i) (corroborate → assertion, theory, charge) corroborer -
10 sustain
sustain [səsˈteɪn]b. ( = suffer) [+ attack, loss, damage] subir ; [+ injury] recevoir* * *[sə'steɪn] 1.transitive verb1) ( maintain) gen maintenir; poursuivre [war, policy]2) Music soutenir3) ( provide strength) ( physically) donner des forces à; ( morally) soutenir4) ( support) soutenir5) ( suffer) recevoir [injury]; éprouver [loss]; subir, essuyer [defeat, damage]6) Law faire droit à [claim]; admettre [objection]2.sustained past participle adjective gen soutenu; [applause, period] prolongé; Music tenu -
11 sustain
transitive verb1) (withstand) widerstehen (+ Dat.) [Druck]; standhalten (+ Dat.) [Angriff]; tragen [Gewicht]3) (suffer) erleiden [Niederlage, Verlust, Verletzung]4) (maintain) bestreiten [Unterhaltung]; bewahren [Interesse]* * *[sə'stein]2) (to give help or strength to: The thought of seeing her again sustained him throughout his ordeal.) aufrecht halten* * *sus·tain[səˈsteɪn]vtto \sustain damages Schäden erleiden [o davontragen]; object beschädigt werdento \sustain injuries/losses Verletzungen/Verluste erleiden2. (maintain)▪ to \sustain sth etw aufrechterhaltenthe economy looks set to \sustain its growth next year es sieht so aus, als würde das Wirtschaftswachstum im nächsten Jahr anhalten3. (keep alive)▪ to \sustain sb/sth jdn/etw [am Leben] erhaltento \sustain a family eine Familie unterhalten [o versorgen4. (support emotionally)▪ to \sustain sb jdn unterstützen, jdm [unterstützend] helfen▪ to \sustain sth etw zulassenobjection \sustained! Einspruch stattgegeben!to \sustain a case against sb jdn anklagen6. MUSto \sustain a note eine Note halten7. COMPUT* * *[sə'steɪn]vt1) (= support) load, weight aushalten, tragen; life erhalten; family unterhalten; charity unterstützen; (= nourish) body bei Kräften haltennot enough to sustain life — nicht genug zum Leben
his love has sustained her over the years — seine Liebe hat ihr über die Jahre hinweg viel Kraft gegeben
2) (= keep going, maintain) pretence, argument, theory, effort, veto, interest, support aufrechterhalten; growth, position beibehalten; (MUS) note (aus)halten; (THEAT) accent, characterization durchhalten; (JUR) objection stattgeben (+dat)See:→ also academic.ru/72485/sustained">sustained3) (= receive) injury, damage, loss erleiden* * *sustain [səˈsteın] v/t1. stützen, tragen:sustaining wall Stützmauer f2. Druck etc aushalten3. fig aushalten, ertragen:sustain comparison den Vergleich aushalten, einem Vergleich standhalten;sustain an attack einem Angriff standhalten;be able to sustain sth einer Sache gewachsen sein4. eine Niederlage, einen Verlust etc erleiden, Verletzungen etc auch davontragensustaining member förderndes Mitglied;b) jemanden betreuenc) eine Institution unterhalten8. jemanden oder jemandes Forderung unterstützen10. eine Theorie etc bestätigen, erhärten, rechtfertigensustaining pedal Fortepedal n, rechtes Pedal* * *transitive verb1) (withstand) widerstehen (+ Dat.) [Druck]; standhalten (+ Dat.) [Angriff]; tragen [Gewicht]2) (support, uphold) aufrechterhalten3) (suffer) erleiden [Niederlage, Verlust, Verletzung]4) (maintain) bestreiten [Unterhaltung]; bewahren [Interesse]* * *v.Kraft geben ausdr.aushalten v.erleiden v.ertragen v.standhalten v.stützen v.tragen v.(§ p.,pp.: trug, getragen)unterstützen v. -
12 sustain
sə'stein1) (to bear (the weight of): The branches could hardly sustain the weight of the fruit.) sostener, aguantar2) (to give help or strength to: The thought of seeing her again sustained him throughout his ordeal.) mantener, dar fuerzastr[sə'steɪn]1 (keep alive - gen) sustentar; (- spirits, hope) mantener3 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (note) sostener4 formal use (suffer - loss, injury, wound, etc) sufrir5 formal use (hold up) sostener6 SMALLLAW/SMALL admitir\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLobjection sustained se admite la protestasustain [sə'steɪn] vt1) nourish: sustentar2) prolong: sostener3) suffer: sufrir4) support, uphold: apoyar, respaldar, sostentarv.• aguantar v.• alimentar v.• apoyar v.• mantener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• sostener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• sufrir v.• sustentar v.sə'steɪn1) (maintain, support) \<\<life\>\> preservar, sustentar; \<\<hope/interest\>\> mantener*2) (keep up, prolong) \<\<pretense/conversation\>\> mantener*; \<\<effort\>\> sostener*3) ( suffer) \<\<injury/loss/defeat\>\> sufrir4) (confirm, uphold) \<\<objection\>\> admitir; \<\<claim\>\> apoyar[sǝs'teɪn]VT1) (=keep going) [+ interest, relationship, marriage] mantener; [+ effort] sostener, continuar; [+ life] sustentar; (Mus) [+ note] sostener2) frm (=suffer) [+ attack] sufrir (y rechazar); [+ damage, loss] sufrir; [+ injury] recibir, sufrir; [+ defeat] padecer3) (=support) (lit) [+ weight] sostener, apoyar; (fig) [+ theory] confirmar, corroborar4) (Jur) (=uphold) [+ objection] admitir; [+ claim] corroborar, respaldar; [+ charge] confirmar, corroborar* * *[sə'steɪn]1) (maintain, support) \<\<life\>\> preservar, sustentar; \<\<hope/interest\>\> mantener*2) (keep up, prolong) \<\<pretense/conversation\>\> mantener*; \<\<effort\>\> sostener*3) ( suffer) \<\<injury/loss/defeat\>\> sufrir4) (confirm, uphold) \<\<objection\>\> admitir; \<\<claim\>\> apoyar -
13 sustain
sə'stein1) (to bear (the weight of): The branches could hardly sustain the weight of the fruit.) bære, holde (oppe)2) (to give help or strength to: The thought of seeing her again sustained him throughout his ordeal.) støtte, nærelide--------støtteverb \/səˈsteɪn\/1) bære, holde oppe, tåle belastningen av• will the shelf sustain the weight of all these books?2) understøtte, støtte, bistå, akseptere3) opprettholde, holde i gang, holde oppe, holde i live4) tåle5) ( jus) opprettholde6) lide, pådra seg7) (musikk, om tone) holde, forlenge8) ( teater) fylle, spillefylle\/spille en rolle9) ( gammeldags) forsvareobjection sustained ( jus) innsigelsen tas til følge -
14 ♦ (to) sustain
♦ (to) sustain /səˈsteɪn/v. t.1 sostenere; reggere; sopportare; subire: The roof is sustained by four pillars, il tetto è retto (o sostenuto) da quattro pilastri; to sustain a defeat [a heavy loss], subire una sconfitta [una grave perdita]; to sustain a debate, sostenere un dibattito; (teatr.) to sustain a part (o a role) sostenere una parte2 sostenere; sostentare; mantenere: Food sustains life, il cibo sostiene il corpo (o ci mantiene in vita)3 (leg.) appoggiare; approvare; accogliere; pronunciarsi in favore di: to sustain a claim, appoggiare una rivendicazione; accogliere un ricorso; to sustain an objection, accogliere un'eccezione: The judge sustained the plaintiff, il giudice si pronunciò in favore dell'attore4 confermare; convalidare; rafforzare; corroborare: to sustain a charge, confermare un'accusa; to sustain a statement, convalidare un'asserzione; to sustain a theory, corroborare una teoria -
15 ♦ (to) sustain
♦ (to) sustain /səˈsteɪn/v. t.1 sostenere; reggere; sopportare; subire: The roof is sustained by four pillars, il tetto è retto (o sostenuto) da quattro pilastri; to sustain a defeat [a heavy loss], subire una sconfitta [una grave perdita]; to sustain a debate, sostenere un dibattito; (teatr.) to sustain a part (o a role) sostenere una parte2 sostenere; sostentare; mantenere: Food sustains life, il cibo sostiene il corpo (o ci mantiene in vita)3 (leg.) appoggiare; approvare; accogliere; pronunciarsi in favore di: to sustain a claim, appoggiare una rivendicazione; accogliere un ricorso; to sustain an objection, accogliere un'eccezione: The judge sustained the plaintiff, il giudice si pronunciò in favore dell'attore4 confermare; convalidare; rafforzare; corroborare: to sustain a charge, confermare un'accusa; to sustain a statement, convalidare un'asserzione; to sustain a theory, corroborare una teoria -
16 поддерживать теорию
General subject: sustain a theoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > поддерживать теорию
-
17 подтверждать теорию
General subject: sustain a theoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > подтверждать теорию
-
18 sostenere
support( affermare) maintain* * *sostenere v.tr.1 to support, to hold* up, to sustain: l'ho sostenuto col braccio, I supported him with my arm; sostenere qlcu. per la vita, to hold s.o. up by the waist; il muro è sostenuto da pali, the wall is supported (o propped up) by posts; tutto il peso era sostenuto da una grossa corda, the entire weight was supported by a thick rope // la speranza ci sostiene, hope gives us strength2 ( portare) to carry, to take*: questo ponte non può sostenere più di dieci tonnellate, this bridge cannot carry more than ten tons; il tavolino non può sostenere tutto quel peso, the table can't take all that weight3 ( appoggiare) to back (up), to support, to uphold*; ( difendere) to defend: fu sostenuto da suo padre in tutti i modi, he was backed (up) by his father in every way; questa teoria è sostenuta dall'esperienza e dai fatti, this theory is supported by experience and by facts; sostenere una teoria, to back up a theory; sostenere una causa, una dottrina, to uphold (o to support o to defend) a cause, a doctrine; sono pronto a sostenere il mio punto di vista, I am ready to uphold (o to defend) my point of view; sostenere una candidatura, to back a candidacy; sostenere un partito, to support a party; ( con finanziamenti) to back a party; il giornale ha sostenuto la sua campagna elettorale, the newspaper backed his election campaign // (dir.): sostenere un'accusa, to support a charge; sostenere la difesa di qlcu. in giudizio, to defend s.o. in court // (econ.): sostenere i prezzi, to peg (o to support) prices; sostenere una moneta, to back (o to support) a currency // sostenere un amico, to stand by a friend // sostenere il buon nome, la reputazione della famiglia, to keep up the good name, the reputation of one's family4 ( asserire) to maintain, to assert, to uphold*: l'ho detto e lo sostengo, I said it and I maintain it; sostiene d'averlo visto, he maintains (o asserts) that he saw it; sostenere la propria innocenza, to maintain that one is innocent (o to assert one's innocence); sostenere la verità, to uphold the truth5 ( resistere a) to resist; to withstand*: sostenere un attacco nemico, to resist an enemy attack; sostenere il fuoco nemico, to withstand enemy fire6 ( sopportare) to bear*; to stand*, to endure; ( reggere) to stand* up to: sostenere le spese di qlco., to bear the cost of sthg.; sostenere perdite, to sustain losses; sostenere la concorrenza, to stand up to (o to meet) competition; sostenere il confronto con..., to stand (o to bear) comparison with...; sostenere un interrogatorio, to undergo questioning; sostenere una prova, to stand a test; gli argini non hanno sostenuto la pressione dell'acqua, the banks did not stand up to the pressure of the water; riuscì a sostenere la tensione per un lungo periodo, he succeeded in standing up to the strain for a long time; non so come riesca a sostenere questo ritmo di vita, I don't know how she stands this pace8 ( esercitare) to hold*: sostenere la presidenza, to hold the presidency; sostenere un incarico, to hold (o to occupy) a position9 ( rinvigorire) to strengthen, to sustain: un buon caffè ti sosterrà per qualche ora, a good cup of coffee will keep you going for a few hours.◘ sostenersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.1 ( tenersi in piedi) to stand* (up) (anche fig.): ( appoggiarsi) to support oneself; to lean*: cammina sostenendosi con un bastone, he walks with a stick; si sosteneva al muro, he was leaning against the wall; è un'ipotesi che non si sostiene, it's a hypothesis that isn't convincing (o doesn't hold water); sostenere reciprocamente, to back each other up2 ( sostentarsi) to sustain oneself, to keep* up one's strength: deve sostenere con cibi molto nutrienti, he must sustain himself (o keep up his strength) with nourishing food3 ( mantenersi) to support oneself, to keep* oneself: guadagna appena il necessario per sostenere, he hardly makes enough to keep himself; è un giornale che si sostiene con finanziamenti privati, it is a newspaper with private (financial) backing.* * *1. [soste'nere]vb irreg vt1) (gen : tenere su) to support, hold up, (con medicina) to sustain2) (candidato, partito) to support, back, (famiglia) to supportsostenere qn — (moralmente) to be a support to sb, (difendere) to stand up for sb, take sb's part
3) (attacco, shock) to stand up to, withstand, (sguardo) to bear, stand, (sforzo) to keep up, sustain, (esame) to takesostenere il confronto — to bear o stand comparison
sostenere delle spese — to meet o incur expenses
la tesi da lui sostenuta è che... — he maintains that...
5) Teatro Cine2. vr (sostenersi)1) (tenersi su) to hold o.s. up, support o.s., (con medicine) to keep o.s. going, keep one's strength upsostenersi al muro — (appoggiarsi) to hold on to the wall, lean on the wall
2) (uso reciproco) to hold each other up, (fig : moralmente) to stand by each other, support each other* * *[soste'nere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (reggere) to support, to sustain, to bear*, to carry [ peso]; to support, to prop (up) [ muro]; to prop [ tetto]; to hold* up [ scaffale]; to support [ferito, malato]2) fig. (appoggiare) to back (up), to stand* by, to prop up [ persona]; to back, to support [partito, candidato causa]; to prop up, to sustain [economia, regime]; to defend, to uphold* [idea, principio, teoria]ti sosterrò fino in fondo — I'm with you o behind you all the way
4) (affermare) to claim, to assert, to maintain6) (affrontare) to take*, to stand*, to sit* (for) BE [esami, prove]7) teatr. to play, to act [ parte]8) fig. (nutrire) to nourish, to give* strength to2.verbo pronominale sostenersi1) (reggersi in piedi) to stand* up2) (mantenersi in forma) to sustain oneself3) (economicamente) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself* * *sostenere/soste'nere/ [93]1 (reggere) to support, to sustain, to bear*, to carry [ peso]; to support, to prop (up) [ muro]; to prop [ tetto]; to hold* up [ scaffale]; to support [ferito, malato]2 fig. (appoggiare) to back (up), to stand* by, to prop up [ persona]; to back, to support [partito, candidato causa]; to prop up, to sustain [economia, regime]; to defend, to uphold* [idea, principio, teoria]; ti sosterrò fino in fondo I'm with you o behind you all the way4 (affermare) to claim, to assert, to maintain; si può sostenere che it's arguable that; sostenere il proprio punto di vista to argue one's point; sostenere di essere innocente to claim to be innocent5 fig. (sopportare, fronteggiare, tollerare) to bear* [ tensione]; to stand* [ confronto]; sostenere forti spese to go to great expense; non riusciva a sostenere il suo sguardo he couldn't meet her eye6 (affrontare) to take*, to stand*, to sit* (for) BE [esami, prove]7 teatr. to play, to act [ parte]8 fig. (nutrire) to nourish, to give* strength toII sostenersi verbo pronominale1 (reggersi in piedi) to stand* up2 (mantenersi in forma) to sustain oneself3 (economicamente) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself. -
19 support
sə'po:t
1. verb1) (to bear the weight of, or hold upright, in place etc: That chair won't support him / his weight; He limped home, supported by a friend on either side of him.) aguantar, sostener2) (to give help, or approval to: He has always supported our cause; His family supported him in his decision.) apoyar, secundar, respaldar3) (to provide evidence for the truth of: New discoveries have been made that support his theory; The second witness supported the statement of the first one.) corroborar, confirmar4) (to supply with the means of living: He has a wife and four children to support.) mantener
2. noun1) (the act of supporting or state of being supported: That type of shoe doesn't give the foot much support; The plan was cancelled because of lack of support; Her job is the family's only means of support; I would like to say a word or two in support of his proposal.) apoyo, soporte2) (something that supports: One of the supports of the bridge collapsed.) soporte•- supporting
support1 n1. apoyo2. soportesupport2 vb1. sostener2. mantenerhe is the only one with a job and he supports the whole family es el único que trabaja y mantiene a toda la familia3. apoyar4. ser dewhich team do you support? ¿de qué equipo eres?tr[sə'pɔːt]1 (physical - gen) apoyo, sostén nombre masculino; (- thing worn on body) protector nombre masculino3 (moral) apoyo, respaldo4 (financial) ayuda económica, apoyo económico; (sustenance) sustento; (person) sostén nombre masculino5 (supporters) afición nombre femenino6 (evidence) pruebas nombre femenino plural■ I don't think that shelf can support so many books no creo que esa estantería aguante tantos libros2 (back, encourage) apoyar, respaldar, ayudar; (cause, motion, proposal) apoyar, estar de acuerdo con■ my parents have always supported me in everything I've done mis padres siempre me han apoyado en todo lo que he hecho■ which team do you support? ¿de qué equipo eres?4 (keep, sustain) mantener, sustentar, sostener; (feed) alimentar5 (corroborate, substantiate) confirmar, respaldar, apoyar, respaldar6 formal use (endure) soportar, tolerar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin support (in reserve) de apoyoin support of somebody/something en apoyo de alguien/algo, a favor de alguien/algoto drum up support for somebody/something conseguir apoyo para alguien/algoto support oneself ganarse la vidasupport [sə'port] vt1) back: apoyar, respaldar2) maintain: mantener, sostener, sustentar3) prop up: sostener, apoyar, apuntalar, soportarsupport n1) : apoyo m (moral), ayuda f (económica)2) prop: soporte m, apoyo mn.• apoyo s.m.• arrimadero s.m.• arrimo s.m.• ayuda s.f.• báculo s.m.• encomienda s.f.• entibo s.m.• muleta s.f.• puntal s.m.• pábulo s.m.• respaldo s.m.• soporte s.m.• sostenimiento s.m.• sostén s.m.• suspensorio s.m.• sustento s.m.• sustentáculo s.m.v.• afianzar v.• apadrinar v.• apoyar v.• apuntalar v.• mantener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• respaldar v.• soportar v.• sostener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• sustentar v.
I sə'pɔːrt, sə'pɔːt1) ( hold up) \<\<bridge/structure\>\> sostener*the roof is supported by six columns — el tejado descansa sobre or se apoya en seis columnas
the chair couldn't support his weight — la silla no pudo aguantar or resistir su peso
2)a) (maintain, sustain) \<\<family/children\>\> mantener*, sostener*, sustentarto support oneself — ganarse la vida or (liter) el sustento
the hospital is supported entirely by private donations — el hospital está enteramente financiado por donaciones de particulares
b) ( Comput) admitir3)a) ( back) \<\<cause/motion\>\> apoyarwhich team do you support? — ¿de qué equipo eres (hincha)?
b) ( back up) apoyar4) ( corroborate) \<\<theory\>\> respaldar, confirmar, sustentar
II
1)a) c ( of structure) soporte mb) u ( physical)2)a) u ( financial) ayuda f (económica), apoyo m (económico)b) c ( person) sostén m3) u (backing, encouragement) apoyo m, respaldo mI went with her to give her (moral) support — la acompañé para que se sintiera apoyada or respaldada
4) ua) ( Mil) apoyo m, refuerzo mb) ( backup) servicio m al clientetechnical/dealer support — servicio técnico/de ventas; (before n) <package, material> adicional, suplementario
5)in support of — (as prep)
he spoke in support of the motion — habló a favor de or en apoyo de la moción
[sǝ'pɔːt]she could produce no evidence in support of her claim — no pudo presentar pruebas en apoyo de su demanda
1. N1) (for weight)a) (=object) soporte msteel supports — soportes mpl de acero
b) (=capacity to support) soporte ma good bed should provide adequate support for your back — una buena cama debe ofrecerle un soporte adecuado para su espalda
c) (Med) soporte m2) (fig)a) (=help) apoyo mI've had a lot of support from my family — mi familia me ha apoyado mucho or me ha dado mucho apoyo
•
to give sb support — dar apoyo a algn, apoyar a algn•
moral support — apoyo moralb) (=backing) apoyo mhe has given his support to the reform programme — ha apoyado or respaldado el programa de reforma, ha dado su apoyo or respaldo al programa de reforma
do I have I your support in this? — ¿puedo contar con tu apoyo para esto?
•
their capacity to act in support of their political objectives — su capacidad de actuar en pos de sus objetivos políticosfinancial support — ayuda f económica, respaldo m económico
with Government support — con la ayuda del Gobierno, respaldado por el Gobierno
d) (esp Comm) (=backup) servicio m de asistencia (al cliente)e) (Mil) apoyo mf) (=evidence)scholars have found little support for this interpretation — los académicos han encontrado pocas pruebas que apoyen or respalden esta interpretación
in support of this argument he states that... — para apoyar or respaldar este argumento aduce que...
2. VT1) (=hold up) sostenerthat chair won't support your weight — esa silla no resistirá or aguantará tu peso
raise your upper body off the ground, supporting your weight on your arms — apoyándose en los brazos levante el tronco del suelo
to support o.s. — (physically) apoyarse (on en)
2) (=help)a) (emotionally) apoyarto support o.s. — (financially) ganarse la vida
3) (=back) [+ proposal, project, person] apoyar4) (Sport) [+ team]who do you support? — ¿de qué equipo eres (hincha)?
come and support your team! — ¡ven a animar a tu equipo!
5) (=corroborate) [+ theory, view] respaldar, confirmar6) (=sustain)an environment capable of supporting human life — un medio en que existen las condiciones necesarias para que se desarrolle la vida humana
land so poor that it cannot support a small family — un terreno tan poco fértil que no puede sustentar a una familia pequeña
7) frm (=tolerate) tolerar8) (Mus) [+ band] actuar de telonero/teloneros dea good band supported by an exciting new group — un buen grupo con unos teloneros nuevos muy interesantes
9) (Cine, Theat) [+ principal actor] secundar3.CPDsupport band N — (Mus) teloneros mpl
support group N — grupo m de apoyo
a support group for victims of crime — un grupo de apoyo or una asociación de ayuda a las víctimas de la delincuencia
support hose N — medias fpl de compresión graduada
support network N — red f de apoyo
support ship N — barco m de apoyo
support stocking N — media f de compresión graduada
support tights NPL — medias fpl de compresión (graduada)
support troops NPL — tropas fpl de apoyo
* * *
I [sə'pɔːrt, sə'pɔːt]1) ( hold up) \<\<bridge/structure\>\> sostener*the roof is supported by six columns — el tejado descansa sobre or se apoya en seis columnas
the chair couldn't support his weight — la silla no pudo aguantar or resistir su peso
2)a) (maintain, sustain) \<\<family/children\>\> mantener*, sostener*, sustentarto support oneself — ganarse la vida or (liter) el sustento
the hospital is supported entirely by private donations — el hospital está enteramente financiado por donaciones de particulares
b) ( Comput) admitir3)a) ( back) \<\<cause/motion\>\> apoyarwhich team do you support? — ¿de qué equipo eres (hincha)?
b) ( back up) apoyar4) ( corroborate) \<\<theory\>\> respaldar, confirmar, sustentar
II
1)a) c ( of structure) soporte mb) u ( physical)2)a) u ( financial) ayuda f (económica), apoyo m (económico)b) c ( person) sostén m3) u (backing, encouragement) apoyo m, respaldo mI went with her to give her (moral) support — la acompañé para que se sintiera apoyada or respaldada
4) ua) ( Mil) apoyo m, refuerzo mb) ( backup) servicio m al clientetechnical/dealer support — servicio técnico/de ventas; (before n) <package, material> adicional, suplementario
5)in support of — (as prep)
he spoke in support of the motion — habló a favor de or en apoyo de la moción
-
20 apoyar
v.1 to lean, to rest.apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulderapoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wallRicardo apoya su cabeza sobre la silla Richard leans his head on the chair.2 to support.lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed3 to back up, to stand up for, to advocate, to endorse.Ella apoya los proyectos ecológicos She backs up ecological projects.4 to prop, to uphold, to backstop.Ella apoyó las vigas en la pared She propped the beams on the wall.* * *1 to lean, rest2 (fundar) to base, found1 (descansar) to lean (en, on), rest (en, on), stand (en, on)2 (dar el brazo) to hold on (en, to)■ ¿en qué te apoyas para decir eso? what do you base your arguments on?* * *verb1) to support, back2) rest, lean•- apoyarse* * *1. VT1) (=reclinar) to rest, leanapoya la cabeza en mi hombro — rest o lean your head on my shoulder
no apoyes los codos en la mesa — don't put o lean your elbows on the table
2) (=ayudar) to support3) (=basar) to base4) (=secundar) [+ propuesta, idea] to support5) (Arquit, Téc) to support2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( hacer descansar) to restapóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall
2)a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, supportnadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative
b) < teoría> to support, bear out2.apoyarse v pron1) (para sostenerse, descansar)2) (basarse, fundarse)¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?
* * *= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.Ex. Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.Ex. These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex. The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.Ex. They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.Ex. I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex. This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.Ex. The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.Ex. Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.Ex. The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.Ex. Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.Ex. Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.Ex. Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex. The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.Ex. This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.Ex. To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.Ex. Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.Ex. I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.Ex. It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex. The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.Ex. There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.Ex. In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.Ex. Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.----* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.* apoyar en = lean against.* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.* que apoya moralmente = supportive.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( hacer descansar) to restapóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall
2)a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, supportnadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative
b) < teoría> to support, bear out2.apoyarse v pron1) (para sostenerse, descansar)2) (basarse, fundarse)¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?
* * *= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.Ex: Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.
Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.Ex: These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex: The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.Ex: They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.Ex: I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex: This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.Ex: The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.Ex: Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.Ex: The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.Ex: Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.Ex: Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.Ex: Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex: The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.Ex: This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.Ex: To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.Ex: Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.Ex: I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.Ex: It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex: The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.Ex: There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.Ex: In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.Ex: Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.* apoyar en = lean against.* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.* que apoya moralmente = supportive.* * *apoyar [A1 ]vtA (hacer descansar) to restapoya la escalera contra la pared lean o rest the ladder against the wallcon la cabeza apoyada en su hombro with her head resting on his shoulderno se debe apoyar los codos sobre la mesa you mustn't put o rest your elbows on the tablehay que apoyar todo el peso del cuerpo sobre una pierna you have to put all your weight on one footB1 (respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support¿me vas a apoyar si me quejo? are you going to back me (up) o support me if I complain?no apoyamos la huelga we do not support the strikenadie la apoyó en su iniciativa no one backed o supported her initiativeapoyar técnica y financieramente su desarrollo to give technical and financial support o backing for its development2 ‹teoría› to support, bear outno hay pruebas que apoyen esta hipótesis there is no evidence to bear out o support this hypothesis■ apoyarseA (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse EN algo to lean ON sthcaminaba lentamente apoyándose en un bastón she walked slowly, leaning on a walking stick o using a walking stick for supportse apoya demasiado en su familia he relies too much on his family (for support), he leans too heavily on his familyB (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse EN algo to be based ON sthse apoyó en estas cifras para defender su teoría he used these figures to defend his theory¿en qué se apoya para hacer semejante acusación? what are you basing your accusation on?, what is the basis of your accusation?* * *
apoyar ( conjugate apoyar) verbo transitivo
1 ( hacer descansar) apoyar (algo en algo) to rest (sth on sth);
2
apoyarse verbo pronominal
1 (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse en algo to lean on sth
2 (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse en algo to be based on sth
apoyar verbo transitivo
1 to lean
2 (causa) to support
' apoyar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
refrendar
- agarrar
- ir
- recostar
- respaldar
- sostener
English:
advocate
- back
- back up
- bolster
- buttress
- champion
- endorse
- lean
- prop
- prop up
- reinforce
- rest
- root for
- stand by
- support
- root
- sponsor
- stand
* * *♦ vt1. [inclinar] to lean, to rest;apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder;apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall;apoyó los codos sobre la mesa he leant his elbows on the table2. [respaldar] to support;todos apoyaron su decisión everyone supported her decision;lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed;los directivos los apoyaron en su protesta management supported their protest3. [basar] to base;apoya su teoría en datos concretos her theory is based on o supported by concrete statistics* * *v/t1 lean (en against), rest (en against)* * *apoyar vt1) : to support, to back2) : to lean, to rest* * *apoyar vb2. (descansar) to rest3. (defender) to support
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
sustain */*/ — UK [səˈsteɪn] / US verb [transitive] Word forms sustain : present tense I/you/we/they sustain he/she/it sustains present participle sustaining past tense sustained past participle sustained 1) to provide the conditions in which something can… … English dictionary
Theory of Productive Forces — The term Theory of Productive Forces should not be confused with the Marxist analysis of productive forces that is a cornerstone of Marxist theory.The Theory of Productive Forces (sometimes referred to pejoratively by opponents as productive… … Wikipedia
sustain — sus|tain [ sə steın ] verb transitive ** 1. ) to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist: Only two of the planets could sustain life. Analysts believe present economic growth can be sustained without inflation. 2. ) FORMAL… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
theory of pleading doctrine — The pre code principle that one must prove his case as pleaded. Otherwise, he fails though he has set forth facts sufficient to sustain his case on a theory different from his pleadings. The various codes and rules of civil procedure have… … Black's law dictionary
Critical theory — Horkheimer, Adorno, Habermas David Rasmussen HEGEL, MARX AND THE IDEA OF A CRITICAL THEORY Critical theory1 is a metaphor for a certain kind of theoretical orientation which owes its origin to Hegel and Marx, its systematization to Horkheimer and … History of philosophy
Locke’s political theory — Ian Harris The author of Two Treatises of Government also wrote An Essay concerning Human Understanding. This is an elementary fact, but one with an important implication for understanding Locke’s political theory. For Two Treatises is an… … History of philosophy
Postmodernist theory — Lyotard, Baudrillard and others Thomas Docherty INTRODUCTION Philosophy has been touched by postmodernism. Philosophy, in the modern academy, is supposed to be the discipline of disciplines: it is philosophy which will be able to gather together … History of philosophy
Labor theory of value — The labor theories of value (LTV) are theories in economics according to which the values of commodities are related to the labor needed to produce them.There are many different accounts of labor value, with the common element that the value of… … Wikipedia
Communication Theory as a Field — In 1999 Robert T. Craig wrote a landmark article[1] Communication Theory as a Field [2] which has since received the Best Article Award from the International Communication Association[3] as well as the Golden Anniversary Monograph Award from the … Wikipedia
Classical theory of growth and stagnation — Classical economics refers to work done by a group of economists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The theories developed mainly focused on the way market economies functioned. Classical Economics study mainly concentrates on the… … Wikipedia
Olduvai theory — The Olduvai theory states that industrial civilization (as defined by per capita energy production) will have a lifetime of less than or equal to 100 years (1930 2030). The theory provides a quantitative basis of the transient pulse theory of… … Wikipedia