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61 pen
I1. noun1) перо (писчее); ручка с пером; рейсфедер (чертежный); ball point pen шариковая ручка; fountain pen авторучка2) литературный стиль; fluent pen бойкое перо; to live by one's pen жить литературным трудом; to put pen to paper взяться за перо, начать писать3) писатель; the best pens of the day лучшие современные писателиSyn:pseudonym2. verb1) писать пером2) писать, сочинятьII1. noun1) небольшой загон (для скота, птицы)2) небольшая огороженная площадка и т. п.; pen for the accomodation of submarines naut. укрытие для подводных лодок3) плантация, ферма (на Ямайке)4) помещение для арестованных при полицейском участке2. verb(past and past participle penned, pent)1) запирать, заключать (часто pen up, pen in)2) загонять (скот) в загонIIInounсамка лебедя* * *(n) ручка* * *перо, ручка* * *[ pen] n. перо, авторучка, ручка с пером, перо писчее; рисунок пером; литературный труд, литературная работа, литературный стиль; писатель; загон для скота, небольшой загон; дамба; перемычка; помещение для арестованных при полицейском участке; плантация, ферма; самка лебедя n. ручка, перо; небольшой загон v. писать, писать пером; сочинять; запирать, загонять; преграждать путь, заключать* * *заключатьзапиратьлебедьперописательписатьплантациярейсфедерручкаферма* * *уменьш. от Penelope Пен -
62 фонтан
м.нефтяно́й фонта́н — oil gusher
••фонта́н красноре́чия — fount of eloquence
заткни́ фонта́н! пренебр. (замолчи) — put a lid on it!; dry up!; give it a rest!
не фонта́н в знач. сказ. разг. (о чём-л не очень хорошем) — no great shakes; no gem
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63 cram smth. down smb.'s throat
(cram (force, ram, shove, stuff или thrust) smth. down smb.'s throat)навязывать кому-л. что-л. (напр., своё мнение, взгляды и т. п.) [thrust smth. down smb.'s throat шекспировское выражение; см. цитату]Aaron: "...For shame, put up." Demetris: "Not it, till I have sheath'd My rapier in his bosom, and withal Thrust those reproachful speeches down his throat, That he had breath'd in my dishonour here. " (W. Shakespeare, ‘Titus Andronicus’, act II, sc. 1) — Аарон: "...Стыдитесь, меч вложите." Деметрий: "Нет, покуда Не погружу я в грудь ему меча И тех речей назад не втисну в глотку, Которыми он здесь меня порочил. " (перевод О. Чуминой)
‘My mother thinks her about the straightest woman she's ever known.’ ‘I wish you wouldn't keep thrusting your mother down my throat, Reggie.’ (W. S. Maugham, ‘The Merry - Go-Round’, part I) — - Моя мама считает, что она в жизни не встречала человека порядочнее мисс Лей. - Я не хочу, чтобы ты мне навязывал мнение твоей матери.
Juan: "...All this baptizing of Indians, this craming the cross down their throats has proved a ruinous error." (E. O'Neill, ‘The Fountain’, sc. 3) — Жуан: "...Крещение индейцев, насаждение христианства силой оказалось роковой ошибкой."
‘Why did you argue with a sod like that at all?’ ‘I didn't argue with him,’ Rupert insisted. ‘He rammed inefficiency and inadequacy and privilege down my throat. Was I supposed to agree with that?’ (J. Aldridge, ‘A Captive in the Land’, ch. XVIII) — - На кой черт вам вообще надо было спорить с такой дубиной? - Я с ним не спорил, - отпирался Руперт. - Он тыкал мне в нос мое неумение работать, мою непригодность, попрекал использованием личных связей. В таких случаях лучше молчать.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > cram smth. down smb.'s throat
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64 Narcissus
1.narcissus, i, m., = narkissos, the narcissus, Plin. 21, 5, 12, § 25; 21, 19, 75, § 128; Verg. E. 5, 38; id. G. 4, 123; 160.2.Narcissus, i, m., Narcissus, the son of Cephisus and the nymph Liriope. He was exceedingly beautiful, and fell so violently in love with himself on beholding his image in a fountain, that he wasted away with desire, until he was changed into the flower of the same name, Ov. M. 3, 407 sq. —II.Narcissus, a freedman of Claudius, by whose orders Messalina was put to death, Tac. A. 11, 29 sqq.; Juv. 14, 329. -
65 narcissus
1.narcissus, i, m., = narkissos, the narcissus, Plin. 21, 5, 12, § 25; 21, 19, 75, § 128; Verg. E. 5, 38; id. G. 4, 123; 160.2.Narcissus, i, m., Narcissus, the son of Cephisus and the nymph Liriope. He was exceedingly beautiful, and fell so violently in love with himself on beholding his image in a fountain, that he wasted away with desire, until he was changed into the flower of the same name, Ov. M. 3, 407 sq. —II.Narcissus, a freedman of Claudius, by whose orders Messalina was put to death, Tac. A. 11, 29 sqq.; Juv. 14, 329. -
66 Oedipodes
Oedĭpus, ŏdis and i ( gen. Oedipŏdis, Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3; acc. Oedipum, id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Fat. 13, 30; abl. Oedipŏde, id. ib. 14, 33; Stat. Th. 7, 513:I.Oedipo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34; plur. acc. Oedipodas, Mart. 9, 26, 10), m., = Oidipous.A king of Thebes, the son of Laius and Jocasta. He unwittingly killed his father; he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, and unknowingly married his own mother, who had by him Eteocles, Polyneices, Ismene, and Antigone;A.when the incest was discovered, he put out his own eyes, and wandered forth to Athens, where a temple was afterwards dedicated to him,
Hyg. Fab. 66; 67; 242; Serv. Verg. A. 4, 470; 6, 609; Sen. Oedip.; Cic. Fat. 13, sq.; Varr. Sat. Men. 62, 1.—Prov. for a solver of enigmas:isti orationi Oedipo Opus conjectore est, qui Sphingi interpres fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34: Davus sum, non Oedipus, I am no Œdipus (that can solve all riddles), Ter. And. 1, 2, 23.—Hence,Oedĭpŏdes, ae, m., = Oidipodês, a collat. form for Oedipus, Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 289:B. C.impii Oedipodae nuptiales faces,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 496; Stat. Th. 1, 48; 163; abl. Oedipoda, Sen. Oedip. 942.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Œdipus; of Polyneices, Stat. Th. 1, 313:D.Oedipodionidae fratres,
i. e. Eteocles and Polyneices, Aus. Epigr. 139; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 216.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Oidipodionios, of or belonging to Œdipus, Thebœ, Ov M. 15, 429; Luc. 8, 407 (where others read Oedipodionidas, from Oedipodionis, idis, f.):II.ales,
i. e. Sphinx, Stat. Th. 2, 505:fratres,
id. ib. 10, 801.—Oedipus Colonēus, the title of a tragedy of Sophocles, Gr. Oidipous epi Kolônôi, Cic. Sen. 7, 22; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 12; and of a tragedy of Cœsar, Suet. Caes. 56 ext. -
67 Oedipodia
Oedĭpus, ŏdis and i ( gen. Oedipŏdis, Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3; acc. Oedipum, id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Fat. 13, 30; abl. Oedipŏde, id. ib. 14, 33; Stat. Th. 7, 513:I.Oedipo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34; plur. acc. Oedipodas, Mart. 9, 26, 10), m., = Oidipous.A king of Thebes, the son of Laius and Jocasta. He unwittingly killed his father; he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, and unknowingly married his own mother, who had by him Eteocles, Polyneices, Ismene, and Antigone;A.when the incest was discovered, he put out his own eyes, and wandered forth to Athens, where a temple was afterwards dedicated to him,
Hyg. Fab. 66; 67; 242; Serv. Verg. A. 4, 470; 6, 609; Sen. Oedip.; Cic. Fat. 13, sq.; Varr. Sat. Men. 62, 1.—Prov. for a solver of enigmas:isti orationi Oedipo Opus conjectore est, qui Sphingi interpres fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34: Davus sum, non Oedipus, I am no Œdipus (that can solve all riddles), Ter. And. 1, 2, 23.—Hence,Oedĭpŏdes, ae, m., = Oidipodês, a collat. form for Oedipus, Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 289:B. C.impii Oedipodae nuptiales faces,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 496; Stat. Th. 1, 48; 163; abl. Oedipoda, Sen. Oedip. 942.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Œdipus; of Polyneices, Stat. Th. 1, 313:D.Oedipodionidae fratres,
i. e. Eteocles and Polyneices, Aus. Epigr. 139; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 216.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Oidipodionios, of or belonging to Œdipus, Thebœ, Ov M. 15, 429; Luc. 8, 407 (where others read Oedipodionidas, from Oedipodionis, idis, f.):II.ales,
i. e. Sphinx, Stat. Th. 2, 505:fratres,
id. ib. 10, 801.—Oedipus Colonēus, the title of a tragedy of Sophocles, Gr. Oidipous epi Kolônôi, Cic. Sen. 7, 22; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 12; and of a tragedy of Cœsar, Suet. Caes. 56 ext. -
68 Oedipodionides
Oedĭpus, ŏdis and i ( gen. Oedipŏdis, Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3; acc. Oedipum, id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Fat. 13, 30; abl. Oedipŏde, id. ib. 14, 33; Stat. Th. 7, 513:I.Oedipo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34; plur. acc. Oedipodas, Mart. 9, 26, 10), m., = Oidipous.A king of Thebes, the son of Laius and Jocasta. He unwittingly killed his father; he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, and unknowingly married his own mother, who had by him Eteocles, Polyneices, Ismene, and Antigone;A.when the incest was discovered, he put out his own eyes, and wandered forth to Athens, where a temple was afterwards dedicated to him,
Hyg. Fab. 66; 67; 242; Serv. Verg. A. 4, 470; 6, 609; Sen. Oedip.; Cic. Fat. 13, sq.; Varr. Sat. Men. 62, 1.—Prov. for a solver of enigmas:isti orationi Oedipo Opus conjectore est, qui Sphingi interpres fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34: Davus sum, non Oedipus, I am no Œdipus (that can solve all riddles), Ter. And. 1, 2, 23.—Hence,Oedĭpŏdes, ae, m., = Oidipodês, a collat. form for Oedipus, Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 289:B. C.impii Oedipodae nuptiales faces,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 496; Stat. Th. 1, 48; 163; abl. Oedipoda, Sen. Oedip. 942.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Œdipus; of Polyneices, Stat. Th. 1, 313:D.Oedipodionidae fratres,
i. e. Eteocles and Polyneices, Aus. Epigr. 139; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 216.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Oidipodionios, of or belonging to Œdipus, Thebœ, Ov M. 15, 429; Luc. 8, 407 (where others read Oedipodionidas, from Oedipodionis, idis, f.):II.ales,
i. e. Sphinx, Stat. Th. 2, 505:fratres,
id. ib. 10, 801.—Oedipus Colonēus, the title of a tragedy of Sophocles, Gr. Oidipous epi Kolônôi, Cic. Sen. 7, 22; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 12; and of a tragedy of Cœsar, Suet. Caes. 56 ext. -
69 Oedipodionius
Oedĭpus, ŏdis and i ( gen. Oedipŏdis, Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3; acc. Oedipum, id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Fat. 13, 30; abl. Oedipŏde, id. ib. 14, 33; Stat. Th. 7, 513:I.Oedipo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34; plur. acc. Oedipodas, Mart. 9, 26, 10), m., = Oidipous.A king of Thebes, the son of Laius and Jocasta. He unwittingly killed his father; he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, and unknowingly married his own mother, who had by him Eteocles, Polyneices, Ismene, and Antigone;A.when the incest was discovered, he put out his own eyes, and wandered forth to Athens, where a temple was afterwards dedicated to him,
Hyg. Fab. 66; 67; 242; Serv. Verg. A. 4, 470; 6, 609; Sen. Oedip.; Cic. Fat. 13, sq.; Varr. Sat. Men. 62, 1.—Prov. for a solver of enigmas:isti orationi Oedipo Opus conjectore est, qui Sphingi interpres fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34: Davus sum, non Oedipus, I am no Œdipus (that can solve all riddles), Ter. And. 1, 2, 23.—Hence,Oedĭpŏdes, ae, m., = Oidipodês, a collat. form for Oedipus, Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 289:B. C.impii Oedipodae nuptiales faces,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 496; Stat. Th. 1, 48; 163; abl. Oedipoda, Sen. Oedip. 942.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Œdipus; of Polyneices, Stat. Th. 1, 313:D.Oedipodionidae fratres,
i. e. Eteocles and Polyneices, Aus. Epigr. 139; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 216.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Oidipodionios, of or belonging to Œdipus, Thebœ, Ov M. 15, 429; Luc. 8, 407 (where others read Oedipodionidas, from Oedipodionis, idis, f.):II.ales,
i. e. Sphinx, Stat. Th. 2, 505:fratres,
id. ib. 10, 801.—Oedipus Colonēus, the title of a tragedy of Sophocles, Gr. Oidipous epi Kolônôi, Cic. Sen. 7, 22; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 12; and of a tragedy of Cœsar, Suet. Caes. 56 ext. -
70 Oedipus
Oedĭpus, ŏdis and i ( gen. Oedipŏdis, Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3; acc. Oedipum, id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Fat. 13, 30; abl. Oedipŏde, id. ib. 14, 33; Stat. Th. 7, 513:I.Oedipo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34; plur. acc. Oedipodas, Mart. 9, 26, 10), m., = Oidipous.A king of Thebes, the son of Laius and Jocasta. He unwittingly killed his father; he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, and unknowingly married his own mother, who had by him Eteocles, Polyneices, Ismene, and Antigone;A.when the incest was discovered, he put out his own eyes, and wandered forth to Athens, where a temple was afterwards dedicated to him,
Hyg. Fab. 66; 67; 242; Serv. Verg. A. 4, 470; 6, 609; Sen. Oedip.; Cic. Fat. 13, sq.; Varr. Sat. Men. 62, 1.—Prov. for a solver of enigmas:isti orationi Oedipo Opus conjectore est, qui Sphingi interpres fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 34: Davus sum, non Oedipus, I am no Œdipus (that can solve all riddles), Ter. And. 1, 2, 23.—Hence,Oedĭpŏdes, ae, m., = Oidipodês, a collat. form for Oedipus, Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 289:B. C.impii Oedipodae nuptiales faces,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 496; Stat. Th. 1, 48; 163; abl. Oedipoda, Sen. Oedip. 942.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Œdipus; of Polyneices, Stat. Th. 1, 313:D.Oedipodionidae fratres,
i. e. Eteocles and Polyneices, Aus. Epigr. 139; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 216.—Oedĭpŏdīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Oidipodionios, of or belonging to Œdipus, Thebœ, Ov M. 15, 429; Luc. 8, 407 (where others read Oedipodionidas, from Oedipodionis, idis, f.):II.ales,
i. e. Sphinx, Stat. Th. 2, 505:fratres,
id. ib. 10, 801.—Oedipus Colonēus, the title of a tragedy of Sophocles, Gr. Oidipous epi Kolônôi, Cic. Sen. 7, 22; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 12; and of a tragedy of Cœsar, Suet. Caes. 56 ext. -
71 Pen
1. n Пен2. n перо; самопискаpen speed — скорость вычерчивания; скорость движения пера
pen recorder — самописец с пером; перьевой самописец
3. n ручка с перомfacile pen — лёгкость стиля; бойкое перо
4. n рейсфедер5. n литературный труд6. n литературный стиль7. n писатель8. n зоол. маховые перьяto wield the pen — владеть пером, быть писателем
9. n арх. поэт. крылья10. n диал. средняя жилкаto put pen to paper, to take pen in hand — взяться за перо, начать писать
11. v писать, сочинять12. n с. -х. выгульная площадка, загон; выгульный дворик13. n детский манеж14. n секция; бокс; клетка15. n дамба; перемычка; запруда16. n помещение для арестованных при полицейском участке17. n амер. сл. тюрьма18. n плантация; пастбище19. n загородный дом или парк при нём20. n барак для негров на плантации21. n горн. вентиляционный просек22. v запиратьhouse in which one feels penned up — дом, в котором чувствуешь себя как в тюрьме
23. v загонять в загон24. v делать запруду, дамбу25. n лебедьСинонимический ряд:1. enclosure (noun) cage; confine; coop; corral; enclosure; penitentiary; pound; stall; sty2. jail (noun) bastille; bridewell; cooler; freezer; guardroom; jail; jug; keep; lockup; prison; reformatory; rock pile; skookum-house; slammer; stockade3. writing instrument (noun) ballpoint pen; feather; felt-tip pen; fountain pen; plume; quill; stylus; writing instrument4. enclose (verb) box up; cage; close in; confine; contain; coop; coop up; corral; enclose; envelop; fence; fence in; hedge; hem; immure; mew; mure; shut in; wall5. write (verb) author; commit to writing; compose; draft; draw up; indict; jot down; publish; scrawl; scribble; write -
72 pen
1 noun(a) (for writing) stylo m;∎ fountain pen stylo m à plume, stylo-plume m;∎ ball(point) pen stylo m à bille, stylo-bille m;∎ felt(-tip) pen (crayon m ou stylo m) feutre m;∎ to put pen to paper écrire, prendre sa plume;∎ another novel from the pen of Muriel Spark un nouveau roman de la plume de Muriel Spark;∎ she lives by her pen elle vit de sa plume;∎ a slip of the pen un lapsus;∎ proverb the pen is mightier than the sword un coup de langue est pire qu'un coup de lance(b) (of squid) plume f(c) (female swan) cygne m femelle(d) (for animals) enclos m, parc m;∎ sheep pen parc m à moutons∎ (submarine) pen bassin m protégé∎ in the pen en taule, en cabane;∎ he spent ten years in the pen il a passé dix ans en taule, il a fait dix ans de taule∎ a letter penned in a childish hand une lettre d'une écriture enfantine∎ to pen in or up (livestock) parquer, enfermer dans un enclos; (dog) enfermer; (person) enfermer, cloîtrer, claquemurer►► British pen friend correspondant(e) m,f (épistolaire);pen name nom m de plume, pseudonyme m;pen nib plume f (de stylo);familiar pen pal correspondant(e)□ mf (épistolaire);familiar pejorative pen pusher gratte-papier m inv;familiar pejorative pen pushing travail m de bureau□ -
73 water
water ['wɔ:tə(r)]1 noun∎ I took a drink of water j'ai bu de l'eau ou un verre d'eau;∎ is the water safe to drink? est-ce que l'eau est potable?;∎ hot and cold running water eau f courante chaude et froide;∎ prisoners were put on bread and water on mit les prisonniers au pain (sec) et à l'eau;∎ they held his head under water ils lui ont tenu la tête sous l'eau;∎ the cellar is under 2 metres of water il y a 2 mètres d'eau dans la cave;∎ my shoes let in water mes chaussures prennent l'eau;∎ the water or waters of the Seine l'eau ou les eaux de la Seine;∎ the ship was making water le bateau prenait l'eau ou faisait eau;∎ figurative they're in rough financial waters ils sont dans une situation financière difficile;∎ that idea won't hold water cette idée ne tient pas debout;∎ familiar you're in hot water now tu vas avoir de gros ennuis□, tu es dans de beaux draps;∎ familiar her statement got us into hot water sa déclaration nous a mis dans le pétrin ou dans de beaux draps;∎ familiar I'm trying to keep my head above water or to stay above water j'essaye de me maintenir à flot ou de faire face;∎ the wine flowed like water le vin coulait à flots;∎ to spend money like water jeter l'argent par les fenêtres;∎ they poured or threw cold water on our suggestion ils n'ont pas été enthousiasmés par notre suggestion;∎ it's like water off a duck's back ça glisse comme sur les plumes d'un canard;∎ it's water under the bridge c'est du passé;∎ a lot of water has passed under the bridge since then il a coulé beaucoup d'eau sous les ponts depuis;(b) (body of water) eau f;∎ the children played at the water's edge les enfants ont joué au bord de l'eau;∎ she fell in the water elle est tombée à l'eau;∎ they sent the goods by water ils ont envoyé la marchandise par bateau∎ at high/low water à marée haute/basse∎ to make or to pass water uriner∎ water on the brain hydrocéphalie f;∎ the baby has water on the brain le bébé est hydrocéphale;∎ to have water on the knee avoir un épanchement de synovie(a) (land, plants) arroser;∎ the land here is watered by the Seine ici, la terre est arrosée ou irriguée par la Seine(c) (dilute → alcohol) couper (d'eau)∎ the smell made my mouth water l'odeur m'a fait venir l'eau à la bouche(a) (territorial) eaux fpl;∎ in Japanese waters dans les eaux (territoriales) japonaises∎ to take the waters prendre les eaux, faire une cure thermale(c) (of pregnant woman) poche f des eaux;∎ her waters broke elle a perdu les eaux, la poche des eaux s'est rompue∎ to cast one's bread upon the waters = se comporter de façon altruiste►► Botany water avens benoîte f des ruisseaux;water bag outre f à eau;British water bailiff garde-pêche m (personne);water bed lit m à matelas d'eau;Entomology water beetle (whirligig beetle) gyrin m, tourniquet m;water bird oiseau m aquatique;water birth accouchement m sous l'eau;British water biscuit = biscuit salé croquant;water blister ampoule f, specialist term phlyctène f;British Administration water board service m des eaux;Entomology water boatman notonecte f;water bomb bombe f à eau;water buffalo (in India) buffle m d'Inde; (in Malaysia) karbau m, kérabau m; (in Asia) buffle m d'Asie;Entomology water bug (water scorpion) nèpe f;water bus navette f (sur eau);water butt citerne f (à eau de pluie);water cannon canon m à eau;water chestnut châtaigne f d'eau;Botany water chickweed mouron m des fontaines;water chute (in swimming-pool) toboggan m;water clock horloge f à eau, clepsydre f;old-fashioned water closet W-C mpl, toilettes fpl, cabinets mpl;water cooler distributeur m d'eau fraîche;familiar Television water cooler show émission f dont tout le monde parle□ ;water cooling refroidissement m par eau;American water cracker = biscuit salé craquant;Geography water cycle cycle m de l'évaporation;water damage dégâts mpl des eaux;Botany water dock oseille f aquatique;Botany water flag flambe f d'eau;Entomology water flea daphnie f, puce f d'eau;water gas gaz m à l'eau;water gauge jauge f d'eau;water glass (for drinking out of) verre m à eau; (water gauge) jauge f d'eau; Chemistry silicate m de potasse;water gun pistolet m à eau;water hammer (in pipes) cognements mpl dans la canalisation;water heater chauffe-eau m inv;Botany water hemlock ciguë f vireuse;water hen poule f d'eau;British water ice sorbet m;water jacket chemise f d'eau;Cars water jet gicleur m d'eau;water jump brook m;Botany water lily nénuphar m;water main conduite f d'eau;water mattress matelas m à eau;water meadow prairie f (souvent inondée);water meter compteur m d'eau;Botany water milfoil volant m d'eau, myriophylle m;Botany water mint menthe f aquatique;water nymph naïade f;Ornithology water ouzel cincle m plongeur, merle m d'eau;Zoology water ox (in India) buffle m d'Inde; (in Malaysia) karbau m, kérabau m; (in Asia) buffle m d'Asie;water park parc m aquatique;Botany water pepper renouée f poivre-d'eau;water pipe Building industry conduite f ou canalisation f d'eau; (hookah) narguilé m;Ornithology water pipit pipit m spioncelle;water pistol pistolet m à eau;water plant plante f aquatique;Botany water plantain plantain m d'eau;Ecology water pollution pollution f des eaux;water polo water-polo m;water power énergie f hydraulique, houille f blanche;water pump pompe f à eau;Ornithology water rail râle m d'eau;Zoology water rat rat m d'eau;British water rate taxe f sur l'eau;Astrology water sign signe m d'eau;water ski ski m nautique;water skier skieur(euse) m,f nautique;water skiing ski m nautique;Zoology water snail hélice f aquatique;Zoology water snake serpent m d'eau;water softener adoucisseur m d'eau;water spaniel épagneul m (qui chasse du gibier d'eau);Entomology water spider araignée f d'eau;water sports (water skiing, windsurfing etc) sports mpl nautiques; vulgar = pratique sexuelle qui consiste à uriner sur son ou sa partenaire;Mythology water sprite ondin(e) m,f;water supply (for campers, troops) provision f d'eau; (to house) alimentation f en eau; (to area, town) distribution f des eaux, approvisionnement m en eau;∎ the water supply has been cut off l'eau a été coupée;water table niveau m de la nappe phréatique;water tank réservoir m d'eau, citerne f;water torture supplice m de l'eau;water tower château m d'eau;water transport transport m par voie d'eau;water vapour vapeur f d'eau;Botany water violet hottonie f des marais;Zoology water vole rat m d'eau -
74 Biro, Laszlo Joszef (Ladislao José)
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 29 September 1899 Budapest, Hungaryd. 24 October 1985 Buenos Aires, Argentina[br]Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint pen.[br]Details of Biro's early life are obscure, but by 1939 he had been active as a painter, a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and an inventor, patenting over thirty minor inventions. During the 1930s he edited a cultural magazine and noticed in the printing shop the advantages of quick-drying ink. He began experimenting with crude ballpoint pens. The idea was not new, for an American, John Loud, had patented a cumbersome form of pen for marking rough surfaces in 1888; it had failed commercially. Biro and his brother Georg patented a ballpoint pen in 1938, although they had not yet perfected a suitable ink or a reservoir to hold it.In 1940 Biro fled the Nazi occupation of Hungary and settled in Argentina. Two years later, he had developed his pen to the point where he could seek backers for a company to exploit it commercially. His principal backer appears to have been an English accountant, Henry George Martin. In 1944 Martin offered the invention to the US Army Air Force and the British Royal Air Force to overcome the problems aircrews were experiencing at high altitudes with leaking fountain pens. Some 10,000 ballpoints were made for the RAF. Licences were granted in the USA for the manufacture of the "biro", and in 1944 the Miles-Martin Pen Company was formed in Britain and began making them on a large scale at a factory near Reading, Berkshire; by 1951 its workforce had grown to over 1,000. Other companies followed suit; by varying details of the pen, they avoided infringing the original patents. One such entrepreneur, Miles Reynolds, was the first to put the pen on sale to the public in New York; it is reputed that 10,000 were sold on the first day.Biro had little taste for commercial exploitation, and by 1947 he had withdrawn from the Argentine company, mainly to resume his painting, in the surrealist style. Examples of his work are exhibited in the Fine Arts Museum in Budapest. He created an instrument that had a greater impact on written communication than any other single invention.[br]Further Reading"Nachruf: Ladislao José Biro (1899–1985)", HistorischeBurowelt (1988) 21:5–8 (with English summary).J.Jewkes, The Sources of Invention, pp. 234–5.LRDBiographical history of technology > Biro, Laszlo Joszef (Ladislao José)
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75 pen
I[pen] n գրիչ, գրչածայր. փխբ. ոճ. pen and ink գրենական պիտույքներ. fountain pen ինքնա հոս, ball point pen գնդիկավոր գրիչ. put pen to paper սկսել գրել, գրական աշխատանքով զբաղվել. live by one’s pen գրական աշխատան քով ապրել/հայթայթել իր ապրուստը. fluent pen թեթև/սահուն ոճ. (գրող) the best pens of the day ժամանակակից լավագույն գրողնե րըII[pen] n գղտ. փարախ, անասնանոց[pen] v գրել, շարադրել, հորինել. pen a note մի երկտող գրելIV[pen] v ներս քշել (անասուններին), փակ տե ղում պահել. pen sheep ոչխարներին ներս քշել. feel penned փխբ. իրեն բանտարկյալ զգալ
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