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to+press+closely

  • 121 herða

    I)
    (-rða, -rðr), v.
    1) to make hard, temper (herða járn, sverð);
    2) to press, clench; herða hendr (knúa) at e-u, to clench with the hands (fists); fig., herða atgöngu, to make the attack harder;
    3) to make firm, exhort; herða huginn, herða sik, to take heart, exert oneself;
    4) absol. to follow closely, pursue vigorously (Birkibeinar herðu eptir þeim); herða áfram, to push on; herða at (e-m) to press hard (upon one);
    5) impers. to become hard; veðr (acc.) herði, it blew up a gale; herði seglit, the sail was strained hard (by the gale);
    6) refl. to take heart (bað konungr menn vel við herðast).
    f.
    1) tempering (of steel), steeling;
    2) hardness, severity.
    * * *
    u, f. hardness:— a hardening or tempering of steel, Karl. 173: tempered steel, muðrinn (of the axe) rifnaði upp í gegnum herðuna, Eg. 181. herðu-góðr, adj. well tempered, Fbr. 141.
    II. metaph. hardihood, but also hardness, Fms. vi. 38, x. 406, xi. 217, Gísl. 71 (in a verse).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > herða

  • 122 adurgeo

    ăd-urgĕo, ēre, v. a., to press to or close to, press against. — Lit.:

    dens digito adurgendus,

    Cels. 7, 12, 1.— Poet.:

    (aliquem) remis volantem,

    i. e. to pursue closely, Hor. C. 1, 37, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adurgeo

  • 123 stipo

    stīpo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [stephô, to surround, crowd upon, stemma, stephanos; cf.: stipator, stipulor], to crowd or press together, to compress (class.; esp. of personal objects, and in part. perf.; cf.: comprimo, compono).
    I.
    Lit.:

    qui acceperant majorem numerum (assium), non in arcā ponebant, sed in aliquā cellā stipabant, id est componebant, quo minus loci occuparet,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.:

    ingens argentum,

    Verg. A. 3, 465:

    apes mella Stipant,

    id. G. 4, 164; id. A. 1, 433:

    materies stipata,

    Lucr. 1, 345:

    nec tamen undique corporea stipata tenentur omnia naturā,

    id. 1, 329; cf. id. 2, 294; 1, 611; 1, 664:

    Graeci stipati, quini in lectulis, saepe plures,

    Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

    velut stipata phalanx,

    Liv. 33, 18:

    ita in arto stipatae erant naves, ut, etc.,

    id. 26, 39:

    fratrum stipata cohors,

    Verg. A. 10, 328.— Poet.: stipare Platona Menandro, i. e. to pack up together the works of Plato, Menander, etc., Hor. S. 2, 3, 11:

    custodum gregibus circa seu stipat euntem,

    closely surrounds her with, Prop. 3, 8 (4, 7), 13; cf.

    mid.: cuncta praecipiti stipantur saecula cursu,

    throng, crowd, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 311.—
    II.
    Transf., to press, cram, stuff, or fill full of any thing:

    ut pontes calonibus et impedimentis stipatos reperit,

    Suet. Calig. 51:

    hos (poëtas) ediscit et hos arcto stipata theatro Spectat Roma,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 60; cf.:

    curia cum patribus fuerit stipata,

    Ov. P. 3, 1, 143:

    multo Patrum stipatur curia coetu,

    Sil. 11, 503:

    recessus equi,

    Petr. 89:

    tribunal,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 4:

    calathos prunis,

    Col. 10, 405:

    nucein sulfure,

    Flor. 3, 19:

    calceum,

    Tert. Virg. Vel. 12:

    tectum omne,

    App. M. 3, p. 130, 13.—
    B.
    With a personal object, of a dense crowd, to surround, encompass, environ, attend, accompany, [p. 1761] etc. (syn.:

    comitor, prosequor): Catilina stipatus choro juventutis, vallatus indicibus atque sicariis,

    Cic. Mur. 24, 49:

    qui stipatus semper sicariis, saeptus armatis, munitus indicibus fuit,

    id. Sest. 44, 95:

    stipati gregibus amicorum,

    id. Att. 1, 18, 1; cf. id. Mil. 1, 1:

    telis stipati,

    id. Phil. 5, 6, 17:

    qui senatum stiparit armatis,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 31:

    stipatus lictoribus,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

    senectus stipata studiis juventutis,

    id. Sen. 9, 28:

    comitum turba est stipata suarum,

    Ov. M. 3, 186:

    juventus stipat ducem,

    Val. Fl. 7, 557; Plin. Pan. 23; Capitol. Max. et Balb. 13.— Absol.:

    magnă stipante catervă,

    Verg. A. 4, 136; Liv. 42, 39:

    huc coetus ministrūm stipantur,

    Stat. S. 3, 1, 87. —Hence, * stīpātus, a, um, P. a., begirt, surrounded:

    ab omni ordine, sexu, aetate stipatissimus,

    Sid. Ep. 3, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stipo

  • 124 συνερείδω

    A press together, close,

    χερσὶ κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑλέειν σύν τε στόμ' ἐρεῖσαι Od.11.426

    ; σ. ὀδόντας set the teeth, lock them fast, Hp.Coac. 230 (where συνερίζειν is f.l.), Mul.2.201; bind together, bind fast,

    τινὰ περόναις E.Ba.97

    (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., αἱ γνάθοι συνερειδόμεναι being set or locked, Hp.Epid.5.74; χέρας δεσμοῖς -ερεισθέντες with their hands tight bound, E.IT 457 (anap.), cf. Theoc.22.68;

    διὰ τὸ μὴ σ. τὴν ἀρτηρίαν Arist.Aud. 801a2

    ; χεῖρες ξυνηρεισμέναι arms flexed, Aret.SA1.6.
    2 σ. τὸν λογισμόν reason closely, Plu.2.600e codd.
    II intr., to be firmly set,

    οἱ ὀδόντες συνηρείκασι Hp.Morb. Sacr.7

    , cf. Sor.2.27, Fract.4 (prob.);

    ξυνερείσουσιν οἱ ὀδόντες Aret. SA1.5

    ; γένυς ξ. τῇ ἄνω is locked with.., ib.6; also of soldiers,

    σ. πρὸς ἀλλήλους Plb.12.21.3

    , cf. Arr.Tact. 16.14.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνερείδω

  • 125 hot

    hot [hɒt]
    chaud1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (k), 1 (l), 1 (t) qui tient chaud1 (c) épicé1 (e) tout frais1 (f) violent1 (h) intense1 (i) enthousiaste1 (j) sévère1 (m) recherché1 (o), 1 (r)
    (compar hotter, superl hottest, pt & pp hotted, cont hotting)
    to be hot (person) avoir (très ou trop) chaud; (object) être chaud;
    a hot, stuffy room une pièce où il fait une chaleur étouffante ou où l'on étouffe;
    the engine/glass/oven is hot le moteur/verre/four est chaud;
    I'm getting hot je commence à avoir chaud;
    the water is getting hot l'eau devient chaude;
    how hot should the oven be? le four doit être à quelle température?;
    it was hot work le travail donnait chaud;
    there's hot and cold running water il y a l'eau courante chaude et froide;
    we sat in the hot sun nous étions assis sous un soleil brûlant;
    I'd like a hot bath j'aimerais prendre un bain bien chaud;
    the doctor said not to have any hot drinks le médecin m'a conseillé de ne pas boire chaud ou m'a déconseillé les boissons chaudes;
    a hot meal un repas chaud;
    keep the meat hot tenez la viande au chaud;
    serve the soup while it's hot servez la soupe bien chaude;
    the bread was hot from the oven le pain sortait tout chaud du four;
    hot food always available (sign) plats chauds à toute heure;
    figurative you're getting hot! (in guessing game) tu brûles!;
    familiar to be or to get (all) hot and bothered (about sth) être dans tous ses états ou se faire du mauvais sang (au sujet de qch);
    familiar to be or to get hot under the collar (about sth) être en colère ou en rogne (au sujet de qch);
    the books were selling like hot cakes les livres se vendaient comme des petits pains;
    familiar he's full of hot air c'est une grande gueule;
    all her promises are just a lot of hot air toutes ses promesses ne sont que des paroles en l'air;
    that's nothing but hot air! tout ça n'est que du vent!
    it's hot il fait très chaud;
    it's really hot! il fait vraiment très chaud!;
    it's getting hotter il commence à faire très chaud;
    I can't sleep when it's so hot je ne peux pas dormir par cette chaleur;
    it was very hot that day il faisait très chaud ce jour-là, c'était un jour de grande ou forte chaleur;
    one hot afternoon in August (par) une chaude après-midi d'août;
    in (the) hot weather pendant les chaleurs;
    we had a hot spell last week c'était la canicule la semaine dernière;
    the hottest day of the year la journée la plus chaude de l'année
    (c) (clothing) qui tient chaud;
    this jacket's too hot cette veste tient trop chaud
    (d) (colour) chaud, vif
    (e) (pungent, spicy → food) épicé, piquant, relevé; (→ spice) fort;
    a hot curry un curry relevé ou épicé
    (f) (fresh, recent) tout(e) frais (fraîche);
    the news is hot off the presses ce sont des informations de toute dernière minute;
    this book is hot off the press ce livre vient juste de paraître
    (g) (close, following closely)
    to be hot on the trail être sur la bonne piste;
    the police were hot on their heels or on their trail la police les talonnait ou était à leurs trousses;
    he fled with the police in hot pursuit il s'est enfui avec la police à ses trousses
    (h) (fiery, vehement) violent;
    she has a hot temper elle s'emporte facilement, elle est très soupe au lait
    (i) (intense → anger, shame) intense, profond
    (j) (keen) enthousiaste, passionné;
    American familiar he's hot on my sister il en pince pour ma sœur;
    they're very hot on formal qualifications (attach importance to) ils insistent beaucoup sur les diplômes;
    they're not very hot on hygiene (fussy about) ils ne sont pas très portés sur l'hygiène
    the reporter was onto a hot story le journaliste était sur un coup (fumant);
    to have a hot date avoir un rendez-vous galant ;
    this book is hot stuff c'est un livre très audacieux ;
    this issue is hot stuff, I wouldn't touch it c'est un sujet brûlant, je n'y toucherais pas
    (l) familiar (difficult, unpleasant) chaud, difficile ;
    we could make it or things very hot for you if you don't cooperate nous pourrions vous mener la vie dure ou vous en faire voir de toutes les couleurs si vous ne vous montrez pas coopératif;
    the presence of the army made things hot for the smugglers la présence de l'armée a rendu les choses très difficiles pour les contrebandiers ;
    the town had got too hot for the drug dealers l'atmosphère de la ville était devenue irrespirable pour les trafiquants de drogue;
    the situation was too hot to handle la situation était trop délicate pour qu'on s'en mêle
    (m) British familiar (severe, stringent) sévère, dur ;
    the police are really hot on drunk driving la police ne badine vraiment pas avec la conduite en état d'ivresse
    (n) familiar (very good) génial, terrible; (skilful) fort, calé;
    how is he? - not so hot (unwell) comment va-t-il? - pas trop bien ;
    I don't feel so hot je ne suis pas dans mon assiette;
    I'm not so hot at maths je ne suis pas très calé en maths;
    she's hot stuff at golf c'est un as ou un crack au golf;
    his latest book isn't so hot son dernier livre n'est pas terrible ou fameux;
    that isn't such a hot idea ce n'est pas terrible ou fameux comme idée;
    that's hot! c'est super!;
    a hot tip un tuyau sûr ou increvable
    (o) familiar (in demand, popular) très recherché ;
    she's really hot just now elle a vraiment beaucoup de succès en ce moment ;
    to be hot property être très demandé ;
    windsurfing is hot stuff in this area la planche à voile est très en vogue dans cette région
    to be hot (stuff) être sexy (inv);
    he's hot (sexually aroused) il a le feu au derrière;
    to be hot to trot avoir le feu aux fesses
    (q) familiar (stolen) volé
    (r) British familiar (sought by police) recherché par la police
    (s) Electricity (wire) sous tension
    (t) Nuclear (atom) chaud; familiar (radioactive) chaud, radioactif
    hot damn! (in excitement) bon sang!, nom d'un chien!; (in anger) merde!
    to go hot and cold at the thought of sth avoir des sueurs froides à l'idée de qch
    familiar to have the hots for sb craquer pour qn
    ►► hot chocolate Cookery (drink) chocolat m chaud;
    hot desking = pratique qui consiste à ne pas assigner de bureaux individuels aux employés, ces derniers étant libres de s'installer à n'importe quel poste de travail inoccupé;
    1 noun
    (sausage) hot-dog m, frankfurter m; Skiing ski m acrobatique; (in surfing) surf m acrobatique; American familiar (show-off) m'as-tu-vu mf inv
    American familiar génial!, super!;
    hot dog stand stand m de hot-dogs;
    we met in front of the hot dog stand nous nous sommes retrouvés devant le vendeur de hot-dogs;
    Metallurgy hot drawing tirage m à chaud;
    British Sport hot favourite grand(e) favori(te) m,f;
    Medicine American hot flash, British hot flush bouffée f de chaleur;
    hot gospeller = prêcheur évangéliste qui harangue les foules;
    British hot gossip les tous derniers cancans mpl;
    familiar Cars hot hatch cinq-portes f inv qui pète le feu;
    familiar hot jazz (jazz m) hot m inv;
    Computing hot key touche f personnalisée;
    Telecommunications hot line numéro m d'urgence; Politics (between US and Kremlin) téléphone m rouge;
    hot line support assistance f technique téléphonique, hot line f;
    he has a hot line to the president il a une ligne directe avec le président;
    she's on the hot line to the director elle téléphone au directeur;
    the hot line to the Kremlin la téléphone rouge avec le Kremlin;
    Computing hot link lien m hypertexte;
    familiar hot money (UNCOUNT) (stolen) argent m volé ; Finance capitaux mpl flottants ou fébriles ;
    British hot news les toutes dernières nouvelles fpl;
    American hot pad dessous-de-plat m inv;
    hot pants mini-short m (très court et moulant);
    Botany & Cookery hot pepper piment m;
    familiar figurative hot potato sujet m brûlant et délicat;
    a political hot potato un sujet brûlant ou une question brûlante de politique;
    to drop sb like a hot potato laisser tomber qn comme une vieille chaussette ou savate;
    Irish hot press (airing cupboard) = placard chauffé où l'on fait sécher le linge;
    familiar Cars hot rod bagnole f trafiquée;
    Metallurgy hot rolling laminage m à chaud;
    American familiar hot seat (electric chair) chaise f électrique ;
    figurative to be in the hot seat (difficult situation) être sur la sellette;
    Photography hot shoe griffe f du flash, pied-sabot m;
    hot spot (dangerous area) point m chaud ou névralgique; familiar (night club) boîte f de nuit ; Technology point m chaud;
    let's hit the town's hot spots si on faisait la tournée des boîtes?;
    hot spring source f chaude;
    British Computing hot swap (of devices) remplacement m à chaud;
    American familiar hot ticket: to be a hot ticket faire fureur;
    the play is the hottest ticket in town c'est la pièce qui a le plus de succès actuellement ;
    hot tub = sorte de Jacuzzi ® qu'on installe dehors;
    hot war guerre f chaude ou ouverte;
    hot water eau f chaude;
    figurative their latest prank got them into or landed them in hot water leur dernière farce leur a attiré des ennuis;
    you'll be in hot water when she finds out tu passeras un mauvais quart d'heure quand elle s'en apercevra;
    hot wire fil m sous tension
    (a) (intensify → argument, contest) échauffer ; (→ bombing, fighting) intensifier ; (→ party) mettre de l'animation dans ; (→ music) faire balancer, faire chauffer;
    they hotted up the pace ils ont forcé l'allure
    to hot up a car gonfler le moteur d'une voiture
    (intensify → discussion, campaign) s'échauffer ; (→ fighting, situation) chauffer, s'intensifier ;
    the price war has hotted up la guerre des prix s'intensifie;
    ✾ Film 'Some like it hot' Wilder 'Certains l'aiment chaud'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hot

  • 126 Riley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1840 Halifax, England
    d. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England
    [br]
    English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.
    [br]
    After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.
    In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).
    At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.
    The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.
    In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.
    Bibliography
    1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.
    1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.
    1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.
    1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.
    Further Reading
    A.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8.
    "Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).
    J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).
    JKA

    Biographical history of technology > Riley, James

  • 127 Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius

    SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. c. 1590 St Maartensdijk, Zeeland, the Netherlands
    d. 4 February 1656 probably London, England
    [br]
    Dutch/British civil engineer responsible for many of the drainage and flood-protection schemes in low-lying areas of England in the seventeenth century.
    [br]
    At the beginning of the seventeenth century, several wealthy men in England joined forces as "adventurers" to put their money into land ventures. One such group was responsible for the draining of the Fens. The first need was to find engineers who were versed in the processes of land drainage, particularly when that land was at, or below, sea level. It was natural, therefore, to turn to the Netherlands to find these skilled men. Joachim Liens was one of the first of the Dutch engineers to go to England, and he started work on the Great Level; however, no real progress was made until 1621, when Cornelius Vermuyden was brought to England to assist in the work.
    Vermuyden had grown up in a district where he could see for himself the techniques of embanking and reclaiming land from the sea. He acquired a reputation of expertise in this field, and by 1621 his fame had spread to England. In that year the Thames had flooded and breached its banks near Havering and Dagenham in Essex. Vermuyden was commissioned to repair the breach and drain neighbouring marshland, with what he claimed as complete success. The Commissioners of Sewers for Essex disputed this claim and whthheld his fee, but King Charles I granted him a portion of the reclaimed land as compensation.
    In 1626 Vermuyden carried out his first scheme for drainage works as a consultant. This was the drainage of Hatfield Chase in South Yorkshire. Charles I was, in fact, Vermuyden's employer in the drainage of the Chase, and the work was undertaken as a means of raising additional rents for the Royal Exchequer. Vermuyden was himself an "adventurer" in the undertaking, putting capital into the venture and receiving the title to a considerable proportion of the drained lands. One of the important elements of his drainage designs was the principal of "washes", which were flat areas between the protective dykes and the rivers to carry flood waters, to prevent them spreading on to nearby land. Vermuyden faced bitter opposition from those whose livelihoods depended on the marshlands and who resorted to sabotage of the embankments and violence against his imported Dutch workmen to defend their rights. The work could not be completed until arbiters had ruled out on the respective rights of the parties involved. Disagreements and criticism of his engineering practices continued and he gave up his interest in Hatfield Chase. The Hatfield Chase undertaking was not a great success, although the land is now rich farmland around the river Don in Doncaster. However, the involved financial and land-ownership arrangements were the key to the granting of a knighthood to Cornelius Vermuyden in January 1628, and in 1630 he purchased 4,000 acres of low-lying land on Sedgemoor in Somerset.
    In 1629 Vermuyden embarked on his most important work, that of draining the Great Level in the fenlands of East Anglia. Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford, was given charge of the work, with Vermuyden as Engineer; in this venture they were speculators and partners and were recompensed by a grant of land. The area which contains the Cambridgeshire tributaries of the Great Ouse were subject to severe and usually annual flooding. The works to contain the rivers in their flood period were important. Whilst the rivers were contained with the enclosed flood plain, the land beyond became highly sought-after because of the quality of the soil. The fourteen "adventurers" who eventually came into partnership with the Earl of Bedford and Vermuyden were the financiers of the scheme and also received land in accordance with their input into the scheme. In 1637 the work was claimed to be complete, but this was disputed, with Vermuyden defending himself against criticism in a pamphlet entitled Discourse Touching the Great Fennes (1638; 1642, London). In fact, much remained to be done, and after an interruption due to the Civil War the scheme was finished in 1652. Whilst the process of the Great Level works had closely involved the King, Oliver Cromwell was equally concerned over the success of the scheme. By 1655 Cornelius Vermuyden had ceased to have anything to do with the Great Level. At that stage he was asked to account for large sums granted to him to expedite the work but was unable to do so; most of his assets were seized to cover the deficiency, and from then on he subsided into obscurity and poverty.
    While Cornelius Vermuyden, as a Dutchman, was well versed in the drainage needs of his own country, he developed his skills as a hydraulic engineer in England and drained acres of derelict flooded land.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1628.
    Further Reading
    L.E.Harris, 1953, Vermuyden and the Fens, London: Cleaver Hume Press. J.Korthals-Altes, 1977, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden: The Lifework of a Great Anglo-
    Dutchman in Land-Reclamation and Drainage, New York: Alto Press.
    KM / LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius

  • 128 συνέχω

    συνέχω fut. συνέξω; 2 aor. συνέσχον. Pass. impf. συνειχόμην; fut. 3 pl. συσχεθήσονται Job 36:8; En 21:10; aor. συνεσχέθην LXX, AcPl Ha (Hom.+).
    to hold together as a unit, hold together, sustain τὶ someth. (Ael. Aristid. 43, 16 K.=1 p. 6 D.: τὰ πάντα ς.; PTebt 410, 11. Cp. IG XIV, 1018 to Attis συνέχοντι τὸ πᾶν [s. CWeyman, BZ 14, 1917, 17f]; PGM 13, 843. Other exx. in Cumont3 230, 57; Wsd 1:7; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 12 [=Holladay p. 184, 78; s. p. 229 n. 139 for add. reff. and lit.]; Philo; Jos., C. Ap.2, 208) συνέχει αὐτὴ (i.e. ἡ ψυχή) τὸ σῶμα Dg 6:7. Pass. 1 Cl 20:5.
    to close by holding together, stop, shut (στόμα Ps 68:16; Is 52:15; PsSol 17:19 πηγαὶ συνεσχέθησαν. The heavens, so that there is no rain Dt 11:17; 3 Km 8:35) συνέσχον τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν i.e. they refused to listen Ac 7:57.
    to press in and around so as to leave little room for movement, press hard, crowd τινά someone Lk 8:45. Of a city (2 Macc 9:2) οἱ ἐχθροί σου συνέξουσίν σε πάντοθεν 19:43.
    to hold in custody, guard (Lucian, Tox. 39; PMagd 42, 7; PLille 7, 15 [III B.C.]) Lk 22:63.
    to cause distress by force of circumstances, seize, attack, distress, torment τινά someone τὰ συνέχοντά με that which distresses me IRo 6:3. Mostly pass. (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.) be tormented by, afflicted w., distressed by τινί someth., of sickness (Pla. et al.; ApcMos 5; Tat. 2, 1; 3; SIG 1169, 50 ἀγρυπνίαις συνεχόμενος; POxy 896, 34 πυραιτίοις συνεχόμενος) νόσοις καὶ βασάνοις Mt 4:24; πυρετῷ (Hippiatr. I 6, 23; Jos., Ant. 13, 398; s. also πυρετός) Lk 4:38; πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ Ac 28:8. Of unpleasant emotional states (Diod S 29, 25 λύπῃ; TestAbr A 16, p. 96, 21 [Stone p. 40] δειλίᾳ πολλῇ; Aelian, VH 14, 22 ὀδυρμῷ; Ps.-Plut., De Fluv. 2, 1; 7, 5; 17, 3; 19, 1) φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο they were overcome by great fear Lk 8:37 (cp. Job 3:24). φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συσχεθεῖσα AcPl Ha 3, 34; cp. 11, 16.—Without the dat. (Leontios 16 p. 33, 13 συνεχόμενος=tormented) πῶς συνέχομαι how great is my distress, what vexation I must endure Lk 12:50. The apostle, torn betw. conflicting emotions, says συνέχομαι ἐκ τῶν δύο I am hard pressed (to choose) between the two Phil 1:23.
    to occupy someone’s attention intensely, συνέχομαί τινι I am occupied with or absorbed in someth. (Herodian 1, 17, 9 ἡδοναῖς; Diog. L. 7, 185 γέλωτι; Wsd 17:19) συνείχετο τῷ λόγῳ (Paul) was wholly absorbed in preaching Ac 18:5 (EHenschel, Theologia Viatorum 2, ’50, 213–15; cp. Arrian, Anab. 7, 21, 5 ἐν τῷδε τῷ πόνῳ ξυνείχοντο=they were intensively engaged in this difficult task) in contrast to the activity cited in vs. 3. Closely related is the sense
    to provide impulse for some activity, urge on, impel, τινά someone ἡ ἀγάπη συνέχει ἡμᾶς 2 Cor 5:14 (so Bachmann, Belser, Sickenberger, Lietzmann, Windisch, OHoltzmann, 20th Cent.; NRSV). Pass. συνείχετο τῷ πνεύματι ὁ Παῦλος Ac 18:5 v.l.
    to hold within bounds so as to manage or guide, direct, control. Many, including RSV and REB, offer this interp. for 2 Cor 5:14 (s. 7 above. Heinrici leaves the choice open betw. 7 and 8. GHendry, ET 59, ’47/48, 82 proposes ‘include, embrace.’).—M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > συνέχω

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