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to+mean+that

  • 101 por naturaleza

    by nature
    * * *
    = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently
    Ex. The average man is by nature indolent; he works as little as possible = El ciudadno medio es perezoso por naturaleza; trabaja lo menos posible.
    Ex. By definition, these are benefits, often in cash, which the state has decided are required by various needy categories of its citizens.
    Ex. This class is conservative in politics, aristocratic in social affairs, and characteristically well-bred, well-educated, well-housed, and well-heeled.
    Ex. Giving a natural-born leader a new book to read for himself will mean that, if he likes it, very soon other children in the group will be wanting to read it too = Dar a un líder nato un nuevo libro para que lo lea por su cuenta significa que, si le gusta, muy pronto otros niños del grupo querrán leerlo también.
    Ex. I question whether people are naturally good and capable of disciplining themselves = Me cuestiono si la gente es buena por naturaleza y capaz de imponerse una disciplina.
    Ex. Those serials serving as periodical reports of the activities of their issuing bodies are inherently unsusceptible to change of authorship and should be entered under the individuals or bodies responsible for them.
    * * *
    = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently

    Ex: The average man is by nature indolent; he works as little as possible = El ciudadno medio es perezoso por naturaleza; trabaja lo menos posible.

    Ex: By definition, these are benefits, often in cash, which the state has decided are required by various needy categories of its citizens.
    Ex: This class is conservative in politics, aristocratic in social affairs, and characteristically well-bred, well-educated, well-housed, and well-heeled.
    Ex: Giving a natural-born leader a new book to read for himself will mean that, if he likes it, very soon other children in the group will be wanting to read it too = Dar a un líder nato un nuevo libro para que lo lea por su cuenta significa que, si le gusta, muy pronto otros niños del grupo querrán leerlo también.
    Ex: I question whether people are naturally good and capable of disciplining themselves = Me cuestiono si la gente es buena por naturaleza y capaz de imponerse una disciplina.
    Ex: Those serials serving as periodical reports of the activities of their issuing bodies are inherently unsusceptible to change of authorship and should be entered under the individuals or bodies responsible for them.

    Spanish-English dictionary > por naturaleza

  • 102 por uno mismo

    = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo
    Ex. As a concluding exercise, therefore, it would be helpful for you to try some examples of analysis and translation on your own.
    Ex. Giving a natural-born leader a new book to read for himself will mean that, if he likes it, very soon other children in the group will be wanting to read it too.
    * * *
    = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo

    Ex: As a concluding exercise, therefore, it would be helpful for you to try some examples of analysis and translation on your own.

    Ex: Giving a natural-born leader a new book to read for himself will mean that, if he likes it, very soon other children in the group will be wanting to read it too.

    Spanish-English dictionary > por uno mismo

  • 103 presentación en

    (n.) = commitment
    Ex. But the formulation of standards and their commitment to printed form do not mean that they will always be noted.
    * * *
    (n.) = commitment

    Ex: But the formulation of standards and their commitment to printed form do not mean that they will always be noted.

    Spanish-English dictionary > presentación en

  • 104 radiación solar

    f.
    solar radiation.
    * * *
    (n.) = solar radiation, solar gain
    Ex. In this way the heat generated by the lighting, people and solar radiation is recovered to heat the building.
    Ex. Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight, but double glazing, tinting, or architectural shading are necessary to alleviate the worst effects of noise, solar gain and solar glare = Las áreas acristaladas permiten que los usuarios puedan disfrutar de la luz natural, aunque el doble acristalamiento, los cristales ahumados, o las sombras arquitectónicas son necesarios para reducir los efectos negativos del ruido, la radiación solar y el resplandor del sol.
    * * *
    (n.) = solar radiation, solar gain

    Ex: In this way the heat generated by the lighting, people and solar radiation is recovered to heat the building.

    Ex: Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight, but double glazing, tinting, or architectural shading are necessary to alleviate the worst effects of noise, solar gain and solar glare = Las áreas acristaladas permiten que los usuarios puedan disfrutar de la luz natural, aunque el doble acristalamiento, los cristales ahumados, o las sombras arquitectónicas son necesarios para reducir los efectos negativos del ruido, la radiación solar y el resplandor del sol.

    * * *
    solar radiation

    Spanish-English dictionary > radiación solar

  • 105 resplandor solar

    (n.) = solar glare
    Ex. Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight, but double glazing, tinting, or architectural shading are necessary to alleviate the worst effects of noise, solar gain and solar glare = Las áreas acristaladas permiten que los usuarios puedan disfrutar de la luz natural, aunque el doble acristalamiento, los cristales ahumados, o las sombras arquitectónicas son necesarios para reducir los efectos negativos del ruido, la radiación solar y el resplandor del sol.
    * * *

    Ex: Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight, but double glazing, tinting, or architectural shading are necessary to alleviate the worst effects of noise, solar gain and solar glare = Las áreas acristaladas permiten que los usuarios puedan disfrutar de la luz natural, aunque el doble acristalamiento, los cristales ahumados, o las sombras arquitectónicas son necesarios para reducir los efectos negativos del ruido, la radiación solar y el resplandor del sol.

    Spanish-English dictionary > resplandor solar

  • 106 sombra arquitectónica

    Ex. Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight, but double glazing, tinting, or architectural shading are necessary to alleviate the worst effects of noise, solar gain and solar glare = Las áreas acristaladas permiten que los usuarios puedan disfrutar de la luz natural, aunque el doble acristalamiento, los cristales ahumados, o las sombras arquitectónicas son necesarios para reducir los efectos negativos del ruido, la radiación solar y el resplandor del sol.
    * * *

    Ex: Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight, but double glazing, tinting, or architectural shading are necessary to alleviate the worst effects of noise, solar gain and solar glare = Las áreas acristaladas permiten que los usuarios puedan disfrutar de la luz natural, aunque el doble acristalamiento, los cristales ahumados, o las sombras arquitectónicas son necesarios para reducir los efectos negativos del ruido, la radiación solar y el resplandor del sol.

    Spanish-English dictionary > sombra arquitectónica

  • 107 tachar

    v.
    to cross out (lo escrito).
    María cancela sus malos pensamientos Mary canceled her bad thoughts.
    * * *
    1 (borrar) to cross out
    2 (culpar) to accuse (de, of)
    * * *
    verb
    to cross out, delete
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=suprimir) to cross out; (=corregir) to correct

    tachar a algn de una lista — to cross o take sb off a list

    2)
    3) (Jur) [+ testigo] to challenge
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( en escrito) to cross out
    2) ( tildar)

    tachar a alguien DE algo — to brand o label somebody as something

    3) (Der) to impeach, discredit
    * * *
    = cross out, obliterate, cross off, strike out.
    Ex. The time taken to print it can mean that it is out of date when it is available, and though withdrawals can be shown by crossing out, additions cannot be shown at all.
    Ex. Typing errors cannot be obliterated with a normal erasing fluid as this would print and appear as a blotch on the copies.
    Ex. Equally the housewife happily crossing off her numbers in the bingo hall is just as much at leisure as is her husband painting his pigeon loft and then going for a drink with his mates at the pub.
    Ex. Dots placed under words or letters wrongly struck out by the corrector.
    ----
    * tachar a + Nombre + de + Adjetivo = tag + Nombre + as + Adjetivo.
    * tachar de = brand (as), label.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( en escrito) to cross out
    2) ( tildar)

    tachar a alguien DE algo — to brand o label somebody as something

    3) (Der) to impeach, discredit
    * * *
    = cross out, obliterate, cross off, strike out.

    Ex: The time taken to print it can mean that it is out of date when it is available, and though withdrawals can be shown by crossing out, additions cannot be shown at all.

    Ex: Typing errors cannot be obliterated with a normal erasing fluid as this would print and appear as a blotch on the copies.
    Ex: Equally the housewife happily crossing off her numbers in the bingo hall is just as much at leisure as is her husband painting his pigeon loft and then going for a drink with his mates at the pub.
    Ex: Dots placed under words or letters wrongly struck out by the corrector.
    * tachar a + Nombre + de + Adjetivo = tag + Nombre + as + Adjetivo.
    * tachar de = brand (as), label.

    * * *
    tachar [A1 ]
    vt
    A (en un escrito) to cross out, delete ( frml)
    tacha éstas de la lista cross these off the list
    B (tildar) tachar a algn DE algo to brand o label sb AS sth
    lo tacharon de hipócrita they branded o labeled him as a hypocrite, he was accused of being a hypocrite
    C ( Der) to impeach, discredit
    * * *

     

    tachar ( conjugate tachar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( en escrito) to cross out
    2 ( tildar) tachar a algn DE algo to brand o label sb as sth
    tachar verbo transitivo
    1 (en un escrito) to cross out 2 tachar de (tildar, acusar) to brand: me tachó de envidioso, he accused me of being jealous
    le tachaban de soberbio, they branded o labelled him as arrogant
    ' tachar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    tildar
    - cruzar
    English:
    cross off
    - cross out
    - delete
    - label
    - mark off
    - remove
    - score out
    - scrub out
    - strike off
    - strike out
    - blot
    - brand
    - cross
    - lump
    - scratch
    - strike
    * * *
    tachar vt
    1. [borrar] to cross out, to scratch (out);
    su nombre había sido tachado de la lista her name had been crossed off the list
    2. [acusar]
    tachar a alguien de algo: la tacharon de elitista she was accused of being elitist;
    lo tacharon de mentiroso/cobarde he was branded a liar/coward;
    tachar algo de algo: el libro fue tachado de pornográfico the book was labelled as pornographic
    3. Der [testigo] to challenge
    * * *
    v/t
    1 cross out;
    táchese lo que no proceda delete as applicable
    2 ( tildar)
    :
    la tacharon de egoísta she was branded o labeled as selfish
    * * *
    tachar vt
    1) : to cross out, to delete
    2)
    tachar de bc} to accuse of, to label as
    lo tacharon de mentiroso: they accused him of being a liar
    * * *
    tachar vb
    1. (hacer rayas) to cross out
    2. (acusar) to accuse

    Spanish-English dictionary > tachar

  • 108 tensión

    f.
    1 tension, tenseness, strain, tautness.
    2 tension.
    3 stress, psychological strain.
    4 tension, tautness, tenseness.
    * * *
    1 ELECTRICIDAD tension, voltage
    2 (de materiales) stress; (de gases) pressure
    3 MEDICINA pressure
    4 figurado (de una situación) tension, tenseness; (de una persona) stress, strain
    \
    estar bajo tensión figurado to be under strain
    tener la tensión alta to suffer from high blood pressure
    tensión arterial blood pressure
    tensión nerviosa nervous strain
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) strain, stress
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de cable, cuerda] tension, tautness
    2) [de músculos] tension
    3) (Med) blood pressure
    4) (Elec) (=voltaje) tension, voltage
    5) [de gas] pressure
    6) (=estrés) strain, stress

    tensión nerviosa — nervous strain, nervous tension

    tensión premenstrual — premenstrual tension, PMT

    7) [en situación] tension, tenseness
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de cuerda, cable) tautness, tension; ( de músculo) tension
    b) tb
    2) ( estrés) strain, stress; (en relaciones, situación) tension
    3) (Elec) voltage
    * * *
    = stress, tension, strain, arterial pressure, blood pressure.
    Ex. Flexibility of course does not mean that the structure is flexible and will bend or move under stress.
    Ex. A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex. We must, for example, be concerned not only with the publishing explosion, but with severe strains on our budgets.
    Ex. The average arterial pressure fell down during laparotomy.
    Ex. His face turned unnaturally red, as if his blood pressure had risen.
    ----
    * aumento transitorio de tensión = surge.
    * bajada de tensión = sag.
    * de alta tensión = heavy-current.
    * en tensión = under pressure, under the cosh, stressed.
    * estar en tensión = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.
    * liberar tensión = release + tension, relieve + tension.
    * línea de alta tensión = power line.
    * momentos de tensión = the heat is on.
    * padecer tensión = experience + stress.
    * poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.
    * ponerse en tensión = tense up.
    * relajar la tensión = ease + tension.
    * resistencia a la tensión = tensile strength.
    * situación de tensión = stress situation.
    * tensión arterial = blood pressure, arterial pressure.
    * tensión emocional = emotional tension.
    * tensión en el trabajo = job stress.
    * tensiones = pressures and pulls.
    * tensión medioambiental = environmental stress.
    * tensión producida por el trabajo = occupational stress.
    * tensión racial = racial tension.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de cuerda, cable) tautness, tension; ( de músculo) tension
    b) tb
    2) ( estrés) strain, stress; (en relaciones, situación) tension
    3) (Elec) voltage
    * * *
    = stress, tension, strain, arterial pressure, blood pressure.

    Ex: Flexibility of course does not mean that the structure is flexible and will bend or move under stress.

    Ex: A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex: We must, for example, be concerned not only with the publishing explosion, but with severe strains on our budgets.
    Ex: The average arterial pressure fell down during laparotomy.
    Ex: His face turned unnaturally red, as if his blood pressure had risen.
    * aumento transitorio de tensión = surge.
    * bajada de tensión = sag.
    * de alta tensión = heavy-current.
    * en tensión = under pressure, under the cosh, stressed.
    * estar en tensión = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.
    * liberar tensión = release + tension, relieve + tension.
    * línea de alta tensión = power line.
    * momentos de tensión = the heat is on.
    * padecer tensión = experience + stress.
    * poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.
    * ponerse en tensión = tense up.
    * relajar la tensión = ease + tension.
    * resistencia a la tensión = tensile strength.
    * situación de tensión = stress situation.
    * tensión arterial = blood pressure, arterial pressure.
    * tensión emocional = emotional tension.
    * tensión en el trabajo = job stress.
    * tensiones = pressures and pulls.
    * tensión medioambiental = environmental stress.
    * tensión producida por el trabajo = occupational stress.
    * tensión racial = racial tension.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de una cuerda, un cable) tautness, tension
    con todos los músculos en tensión with all his muscles tensed
    3
    tb tensión arterial blood pressure
    tener la tensión alta/baja to have high/low blood pressure
    tomarle la tensión a algn to take sb's blood pressure
    Compuestos:
    nervous tension
    premenstrual tension, PMT
    B
    1 (estrés) strain, stress
    está sometido a una gran tensión en el trabajo he is under a lot of stress o strain at work
    2 (en relaciones, una situación) tension
    la tensión entre los dos países the tension between the two countries
    en un clima de extremada tensión amid great tension, in an atmosphere of great tension
    C ( Elec) voltage alto1 (↑ alto (1))
    * * *

     

    tensión sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (de cuerda, músculo) tension

    b) tb


    tomarle la tensión a algn to take sb's blood pressure;
    tensión nerviosa nervous tension
    2 ( estrés) strain, stress;
    (en relaciones, situación) tension
    3 (Elec) voltage
    tensión sustantivo femenino
    1 Fís strain: estos cables soportarán la tensión, these cables will take the strain
    2 Med (arterial) blood pressure: tiene la tensión baja, she has low blood pressure
    (nerviosa) strain, stress: no podrá soportar la tensión, he won't be able to stand the strain
    tiene mucha tensión, he's under a lot of stress
    3 Elec tension, voltage
    ' tensión' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alta
    - alto
    - crispación
    - distendida
    - distendido
    - distensión
    - obnubilar
    - palpar
    - síndrome
    - suavizarse
    - swing
    - tirantez
    - aflojar
    - ambiente
    - bajada
    - bajar
    - calmar
    - relajar
    - subir
    - tomar
    - torre
    English:
    build up
    - build-up
    - cliff-hanger
    - lower
    - mount
    - PMT
    - pylon
    - relieve
    - rising
    - stoke
    - strain
    - stress
    - surface tension
    - tensely
    - tension
    - anticlimax
    - blood
    - build
    - crack
    - ease
    - escalate
    - nervous
    - power
    - premenstrual
    - put
    - rise
    - unease
    * * *
    1. [estado emocional] tension;
    estar en tensión to be tense;
    los jugadores soportan una gran tensión the players are under a lot of pressure
    tensión nerviosa nervous tension; Med tensión premenstrual premenstrual tension, PMT
    2. [enfrentamiento] tension;
    hubo muchas tensiones entre ellos there was a lot of tension between them
    3. [de cuerda, cable] tension;
    en tensión tensed;
    puso sus músculos en tensión he tensed his muscles
    tensión superficial surface tension
    4. Elec voltage;
    alta tensión high voltage
    5. Med
    tensión (arterial) blood pressure;
    tener la tensión (arterial) alta/baja to have high/low blood pressure;
    tener una subida/bajada de tensión to suffer a rise/drop in blood pressure;
    tomar la tensión a alguien to take sb's blood pressure
    * * *
    f
    1 tension
    2 EL voltage;
    alta tensión high tension, high voltage
    3 MED
    :
    tensión (arterial) blood pressure;
    tener la tensión alta/baja have high/low blood pressure;
    tomarle la tensión a alguien take s.o.’s blood pressure
    * * *
    1) : tension, tautness
    2) : stress, strain
    3)
    tensión arterial : blood pressure
    * * *
    1. (en general) tension
    2. (nerviosismo) stress / strain

    Spanish-English dictionary > tensión

  • 109 triple acristalamiento

    m.
    triple glazing.
    * * *
    Ex. Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight but double glazing or even triple glazing is necessary.
    * * *

    Ex: Large glazed areas mean that users can enjoy natural daylight but double glazing or even triple glazing is necessary.

    Spanish-English dictionary > triple acristalamiento

  • 110 tácticamente

    adv.
    tactically.
    * * *
    * * *
    = strategically, tactically.
    Ex. This automation of information files will mean that, within a few years, terminals will become standard equipment at a reference desk or at a site strategically located within the department.
    Ex. In the first approach, the database is used tactically as a high quality mailing list.
    * * *
    = strategically, tactically.

    Ex: This automation of information files will mean that, within a few years, terminals will become standard equipment at a reference desk or at a site strategically located within the department.

    Ex: In the first approach, the database is used tactically as a high quality mailing list.

    * * *
    tactically

    Spanish-English dictionary > tácticamente

  • 111 vigilante

    adj.
    1 vigilant.
    2 alert, open-eyed, wary, wakeful.
    3 watching.
    f. & m.
    1 guard.
    vigilante nocturno night watchman
    2 vigilante, member of a vigilance group.
    3 bouncer, chucker-out.
    * * *
    1 (que vigila) vigilant, watchful
    2 (alerta) alert
    1 (hombre) guard, watchman; (mujer) guard
    \
    vigilante jurado security guard
    vigilante nocturno night watchman
    * * *
    1. adj.
    alert, vigilant
    2. noun mf.
    watchman, guard
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ (gen) vigilant, watchful; (=alerta) alert
    2. SMF
    1) (en cárcel) warder, guard (EEUU); [de trabajo] supervisor; (en tienda) store detective; [de museo] keeper; (en piscina) attendant

    vigilante de noche, vigilante nocturno — night watchman

    2) ( Cono Sur) (=policía) policeman
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo vigilant, on the alert
    II
    masculino y femenino ( en tienda) store detective; (en banco, edificio público) security guard
    * * *
    = watchman [watchmen, -pl.], vigilant, watchful, warder, guard, warden, vigilante, enforcer, security officer, security officer.
    Ex. These descriptors are still alive: boatmen, city council-men, firemen, foremen, longshoremen, stunt men, statesmen, watchmen, man and manpower.
    Ex. After a discussion of the historical background to copyright, the reasons why libraries have had to become vigilant about infringement of copyright are examined.
    Ex. Though in the teacher's case it does mean that he is more watchful for opportunities.
    Ex. The provision of health and disability information direct to patients, rather than making such information the province of warders or guardians, is a new trend.
    Ex. This article reports on the results of a survey measuring student library users' perception of the effectiveness of using guards in the library.
    Ex. Carers and wardens are encouraged to involve themselves in the service.
    Ex. In a complex social mechanism librarians were often the most active vigilantes.
    Ex. They merely act as a conduit of state funds rather than an enforcer of the rules meant to guarantee the lawful use of those funds.
    Ex. Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    Ex. Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    ----
    * vigilante de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].
    * vigilante de parque = park attendant.
    * vigilante de seguridad = security guard.
    * vigilante nocturno = night watchman.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo vigilant, on the alert
    II
    masculino y femenino ( en tienda) store detective; (en banco, edificio público) security guard
    * * *
    = watchman [watchmen, -pl.], vigilant, watchful, warder, guard, warden, vigilante, enforcer, security officer, security officer.

    Ex: These descriptors are still alive: boatmen, city council-men, firemen, foremen, longshoremen, stunt men, statesmen, watchmen, man and manpower.

    Ex: After a discussion of the historical background to copyright, the reasons why libraries have had to become vigilant about infringement of copyright are examined.
    Ex: Though in the teacher's case it does mean that he is more watchful for opportunities.
    Ex: The provision of health and disability information direct to patients, rather than making such information the province of warders or guardians, is a new trend.
    Ex: This article reports on the results of a survey measuring student library users' perception of the effectiveness of using guards in the library.
    Ex: Carers and wardens are encouraged to involve themselves in the service.
    Ex: In a complex social mechanism librarians were often the most active vigilantes.
    Ex: They merely act as a conduit of state funds rather than an enforcer of the rules meant to guarantee the lawful use of those funds.
    Ex: Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    Ex: Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    * vigilante de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].
    * vigilante de parque = park attendant.
    * vigilante de seguridad = security guard.
    * vigilante nocturno = night watchman.

    * * *
    alert, vigilant, on the alert
    estaba en actitud vigilante he was on the alert
    (en una tienda) store detective; (en un banco, edificio público) security guard
    Compuestos:
    security guard
    night watchman
    * * *

    vigilante adjetivo
    vigilant, on the alert;

    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( en tienda) store detective;

    (en banco, edificio público) security guard;
    ◊ vigilante jurado/nocturno security guard/night watchman

    vigilante
    I sustantivo masculino y femenino watchman, guard
    vigilante jurado, security guard
    II adjetivo watchful, on the alert

    ' vigilante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ronda
    - rondar
    - vigía
    - sereno
    English:
    keeper
    - vigilante
    - watchful
    - watchman
    - vigilant
    - watch
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    vigilant;
    conviene mantenerse vigilantes it's best to stay on your guard o remain alert
    ♦ nmf
    guard
    vigilante jurado security guard;
    vigilante nocturno nighwatchman
    * * *
    I adj watchful, vigilant
    II m L.Am.
    policeman
    * * *
    : vigilant, watchful
    : watchman, guard
    * * *
    vigilante n guard

    Spanish-English dictionary > vigilante

  • 112 vital

    adj.
    1 vital.
    ciclo vital life cycle
    2 full of life, vivacious (person).
    * * *
    1 (de la vida) vital
    2 figurado (esencial) essential, vital
    3 (persona) lively, full of vitality
    \
    órgano vital vital organ
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=de la vida) life [antes de s]
    2) (=fundamental) vital
    3) (=enérgico) vital, full of vitality
    4) (Anat) vital
    * * *
    1) ( fundamental) vital
    2)
    a) (Biol, Med) < órgano> vital (before n)
    b) < persona> dynamic, full of life
    * * *
    = critical, paramount, vital, mission critical [mission-critical], supreme.
    Ex. Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.
    Ex. Practice is paramount.
    Ex. The pressures of the marketplace mean that any vital facility must be offered by all of the major hosts.
    Ex. Effectiveness is often measured as the resultant quality of mission critical products of the institution = A menudo la eficacia se mide como la calidad resultante de los productos esenciales de la institución.
    Ex. The need for organic, in-depth and timely access to legal information is of supreme importance.
    ----
    * ciclo vital = life cycle [lifecycle/life-cycle].
    * de vital importancia = vitally important.
    * energía vital = life force.
    * espacio vital = life-space.
    * factor vital = vital factor.
    * fuerza vital = life force.
    * función vital = vital role.
    * órgano vital = vital organ.
    * papel vital = vital role.
    * ser de importancia vital = lie at + the heart of.
    * testamento vital = living will.
    * vital + Nombre = vitally + Adjetivo.
    * * *
    1) ( fundamental) vital
    2)
    a) (Biol, Med) < órgano> vital (before n)
    b) < persona> dynamic, full of life
    * * *
    = critical, paramount, vital, mission critical [mission-critical], supreme.

    Ex: Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.

    Ex: Practice is paramount.
    Ex: The pressures of the marketplace mean that any vital facility must be offered by all of the major hosts.
    Ex: Effectiveness is often measured as the resultant quality of mission critical products of the institution = A menudo la eficacia se mide como la calidad resultante de los productos esenciales de la institución.
    Ex: The need for organic, in-depth and timely access to legal information is of supreme importance.
    * ciclo vital = life cycle [lifecycle/life-cycle].
    * de vital importancia = vitally important.
    * energía vital = life force.
    * espacio vital = life-space.
    * factor vital = vital factor.
    * fuerza vital = life force.
    * función vital = vital role.
    * órgano vital = vital organ.
    * papel vital = vital role.
    * ser de importancia vital = lie at + the heart of.
    * testamento vital = living will.
    * vital + Nombre = vitally + Adjetivo.

    * * *
    un tema de vital importancia a matter of vital importance, an extremely important matter
    colocaron barricadas en puntos vitales they set up barricades at strategic o key points
    B
    1 ( Biol, Med) ‹órgano› vital ( before n)
    2 ‹persona› dynamic, vital, full of life
    C
    (CS) (que da para vivir): un sueldo vital a living wage
    * * *

    vital adjetivo
    1 ( fundamental) vital;

    2
    a) (Biol, Med) ‹ órgano› vital ( before n)


    vital adjetivo
    1 Biol (un órgano, etc) vital
    ciclo vital, life cycle
    2 (persona dinámica) full of life, lively
    3 (de extrema importancia) tu ayuda es de vital importancia para mí, your help is vital to me
    ' vital' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    elemento
    - espacio
    - imperiosa
    - imperioso
    - vida
    - viva
    - vivo
    - constante
    English:
    lifeblood
    - vital
    - vital statistics
    - vitally
    - keep
    - life
    * * *
    vital adj
    1. [órgano, función] vital;
    energía vital vital o life energy;
    un instinto vital a vital instinct
    2. [esencial] vital;
    su testimonio es vital en este juicio her testimony is vital to this trial;
    es de vital importancia que vengas it is vitally important for you to come
    3. [lleno de vitalidad] full of life, vivacious
    * * *
    adj
    1 vital
    2 persona lively
    * * *
    vital adj
    1) : vital
    2) : lively, dynamic
    * * *
    vital adj
    1. (de la vida) vital / life
    2. (esencial) vital
    3. (dinámico) full of life

    Spanish-English dictionary > vital

  • 113 полно

    нареч. разг.
    1. (довольно!, перестаньте!):

    полно!, полноте! — enough!, enough of this!, that will do!, don't!

    2. (да что вы?, что вы говорите?) you don't mean that; you don't mean to say so
    1. прил. кратк. см. полный 2. нареч.
    brim-full, full to the brim

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > полно

  • 114 /

    / (barra inclinada)
    = slash (/), oblique stroke (/), stroke (/), sloped stroke (/), oblique, oblique.
    Nota: Nombre.

    Ex: Use a slash (/) to search for all the terms in a range of terms.

    Ex: It is useful to employ some device, such as an oblique stroke (/), to separate clearly the elementary concepts in the summarization.
    Ex: The stroke / (slash in USA) is used to join consecutive UDC numbers to indicate a broader heading for which no single piece of notation exists.
    Ex: It is not recommended to use the sloped stroke, /, instead of the vertical stroke, |, for line endings, since in early printing it was used as a mark of punctuation.
    Ex: The system makes use of hyphens, commas and obliques to deal with more complicated situations: GR/EN/FR/IT would mean that the text is published in each of the 4 languages indicated.
    Ex: The system makes use of hyphens, commas and obliques to deal with more complicated situations: GR/EN/FR/IT would mean that the text is published in each of the 4 languages indicated.

    Spanish-English dictionary > /

  • 115 речь идет о

    we are speaking of, I am referring to, the point is, the/my idea is, I mean
    Думаю, в этом зале согласятся с тем, что речь идет не только об опасном симптоме, но и о целенаправленной государственной политике. –
    I think many of those present here will agree that we are speaking of/I am referring to/this is not only a dangerous symptom, but also a deliberate state policy. *** Речь идет о том, чтобы энергия атома использовалась в мирных целях. – The point is/The/My idea is/I mean that nuclear energy should be used for peaceful purposes.

    Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > речь идет о

  • 116 речь идет о

    we are speaking of, I am referring to, the point is, the/my idea is, I mean
    Думаю, в этом зале согласятся с тем, что речь идет не только об опасном симптоме, но и о целенаправленной государственной политике. –
    I think many of those present here will agree that we are speaking of/I am referring to/this is not only a dangerous symptom, but also a deliberate state policy. *** Речь идет о том, чтобы энергия атома использовалась в мирных целях. – The point is/The/My idea is/I mean that nuclear energy should be used for peaceful purposes.

    Русско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > речь идет о

  • 117 Psychology

       We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)
       The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)
       Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)
       It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)
       "Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,
       The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)
       The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)
       According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)
       At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.
       In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.
       The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.
       Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)
       As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)
       The subject matter of psychology is as old as reflection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology

  • 118 echt

    I Adj.
    1. (nicht nachgemacht) genuine; Unterschrift, Urkunde etc.: auch authentic; Gold, Leder etc.: auch real; Haarfarbe: natural; das Gemälde etc. ist nicht echt auch is a forgery ( oder fake); für echt erklären authenticate
    2. (wahr) real; Liebe, Freundschaft: auch true; Gefühle: auch sincere; (nicht vorgetäuscht) genuine; (unverfälscht) real, genuine; ein echter Verlust a real ( oder great) loss; ich möchte das echte Wien erleben I want to see ( oder experience) the real Vienna
    3. nur attr.; (typisch) typical, true; ein echter Engländer a real ( oder true) Englishman, an Englishman born and bred
    4. nur attr.; (reinrassig) Pferd: thoroughbred; Hund, Katze, Rind: pedigreed
    5. MATH., Bruch: proper
    6. CHEM. etc., Farbe: fast
    7. umg. (geistig normal) with it; bist du noch echt? are you feeling all right?; der ist doch nicht ganz echt! that one’s off his head ( oder not all there)!
    II Adv.
    1. really; die Uhr ist echt Gold the watch is (made of) real ( oder genuine) gold, the watch is really gold
    2. umg. (wirklich) really; das war echt gut! it was really good; das hat sie gesagt - echt wahr oder (in) echt? did she really ( oder honestly)?
    3. umg. (typisch) typically; das ist echt Paul! that’s Paul all over; das ist mal wieder echt Martin that’s Martin all over, that’s just typical of Martin; das war mal wieder echt Mann / deutsch! that was just so typically male / German!
    * * *
    authentic; actual; pure; real; unfading; genuine; true; unfeigned
    * * *
    ẹcht [ɛçt]
    1. adj, adv
    1) real, genuine; Gefühle real, genuine, sincere; Haar, Perlen, Gold real; Unterschrift, Geldschein, Gemälde genuine; Haarfarbe natural

    das Gemälde war nicht echt — the painting was a forgery, the painting was forged

    2) (= typisch) typical
    3) Farbe fast
    4) (MATH)

    echter Bruch — proper fraction

    2. adv
    1) (= typisch) typically

    echt Tiroler Trachten — original Tyrolean costumes

    echt Shakespeare — typical of Shakespeare, typically Shakespearean

    echt Franz/Frau — typical of or just like Franz/a woman, Franz/a woman all over (inf)

    2)

    (= rein) der Ring ist echt golden/silbern — the ring is real gold/silver

    3) (inf = wirklich) really

    meinst du das echt? — do you really or honestly mean that?

    der spinnt doch echt — he must be out of his mind, he must be cracked (Brit inf), he must be round the bend (Brit inf)

    * * *
    1) (real; not fake or artificial: a genuine pearl; a genuine antique.) genuine
    2) (which actually exists: There's a real monster in that cave.) real
    3) (not imitation; genuine: real leather; Is that diamond real?) real
    4) (true; genuine: a sincere desire; sincere friends.) sincere
    5) (properly so called: A spider is not a true insect.) true
    6) (pure, or not mixed with anything else: a feeling of unadulterated hatred.) unadulterated
    * * *
    [ˈɛçt]
    I. adj
    1. (nicht künstlich) real; (nicht gefälscht) genuine
    eine \echte Blondine a natural blonde
    3. (typisch) typical
    \echte Farben fast colours [or AM -ors
    5. (wirklich) real
    II. adv
    1. (typisch) typically
    2. (rein) pure
    das Armband ist \echt Platin! the bracelet is pure platinum!
    3. (fam: wirklich) really
    in \echt for real fam
    * * *
    1.
    1) genuine; authentic, genuine <signature, document>
    2) (wahr) true, real <love, friendship>; real, genuine <concern, sorrow, emergency>
    3) nicht präd. (typisch) real, typical <Bavarian, American, etc.>
    4) (Math.) proper < fraction>
    2.
    1)

    echt golden/italienisch — usw. real gold/real or genuine Italian etc.

    2) (ugs.): (wirklich) really

    das ist echt wahr/blöd — that's absolutely true/stupid

    3) (typisch) typically
    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (nicht nachgemacht) genuine; Unterschrift, Urkunde etc: auch authentic; Gold, Leder etc: auch real; Haarfarbe: natural;
    das Gemälde etc
    ist nicht echt auch is a forgery ( oder fake);
    für echt erklären authenticate
    2. (wahr) real; Liebe, Freundschaft: auch true; Gefühle: auch sincere; (nicht vorgetäuscht) genuine; (unverfälscht) real, genuine;
    ein echter Verlust a real ( oder great) loss;
    ich möchte das echte Wien erleben I want to see ( oder experience) the real Vienna
    3. nur attr; (typisch) typical, true;
    ein echter Engländer a real ( oder true) Englishman, an Englishman born and bred
    4. nur attr; (reinrassig) Pferd: thoroughbred; Hund, Katze, Rind: pedigreed
    5. MATH, Bruch: proper
    6. CHEM etc, Farbe: fast
    7. umg (geistig normal) with it;
    bist du noch echt? are you feeling all right?;
    der ist doch nicht ganz echt! that one’s off his head ( oder not all there)!
    B. adv
    1. really;
    die Uhr ist echt Gold the watch is (made of) real ( oder genuine) gold, the watch is really gold
    2. umg (wirklich) really;
    das war echt gut! it was really good;
    (in) echt? did she really ( oder honestly)?
    3. umg (typisch) typically;
    das ist echt Paul! that’s Paul all over;
    das ist mal wieder echt Martin that’s Martin all over, that’s just typical of Martin;
    das war mal wieder echt Mann/deutsch! that was just so typically male/German!
    …echt im adj allg …proof;
    bügelecht ironable;
    mottenecht mothproof;
    säureecht acid-proof;
    schweißecht sweat-proof
    * * *
    1.
    1) genuine; authentic, genuine <signature, document>
    2) (wahr) true, real <love, friendship>; real, genuine <concern, sorrow, emergency>
    3) nicht präd. (typisch) real, typical <Bavarian, American, etc.>
    4) (Math.) proper < fraction>
    2.
    1)

    echt golden/italienisch — usw. real gold/real or genuine Italian etc.

    2) (ugs.): (wirklich) really

    das ist echt wahr/blöd — that's absolutely true/stupid

    3) (typisch) typically
    * * *
    adj.
    genuine adj.
    pure adj.
    real adj.
    substantial adj.
    true adj.
    unfeigned adj. adv.
    genuinely adv.
    properly adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > echt

  • 119 СИНТАКСИС

    1. Общее правило для переводчика: русское существительное, стоящее в начале предложения в косвенном падеже, следует преобразовывать в подлежащее английского предложения, вне зависимости от его исходной синтаксической роли.
    Это наиболее надежный способ построить грамматически правильное и удобопонятное предложение на АЯ.
    a) Конструкция «в + Пр.п» в начале предложения:
    В выступлении президента было подчеркнуто, что никакие ссылки на терроризм не дают американской администрации права выступать в роли международного судьи. – The president’s statement emphasized that no reference to/invoking of terrorism can/give the American Administration the right to act as/ take the role of an international judge.
    ***
    В работе пресс-конференции принимали участие рабочие всех отраслей. – The work of the conference involved/included (замена глагола для достижения естественности звучания английского предложения) workers from all industries/fields/areas.
    ***
    Во французской ноте выражался решительный протест против этих действий. – The French note strongly/vigorously protested/contained a strong protest against such actions.
    ***
    Конструкция «в + Пр.п места» часто используется для ссылок на документ:
    В принятой вчера резолюции… - The resolution adopted/passed yesterday…
    В этом докладе много материалов на данную тему. – This report contains a lot of materials on this subject.
    В этих листках зло писали о порядках на фабрике. – These leaflets harshly criticized the system at the factory.
    @ в результате
    Можно опускать, трансформируя косвенный падеж в подлежащее (см. СИНТАКСИС)
    В результате войны погибло много людей. – The war killed/claimed the lives of a lot of people.
    В результате забастовки заводы были закрыты. – The strike closed down the factories.
    @ в печати
    Переводится посредством трансформации (косвенный падеж -> подлежащее) + (пассив -> актив) см. СИНТАКСИС
    6 июля в афганской печати был опубликован закон о политических партиях. – On July 6 the Afghan press published the law on political parties.
    В международной прессе сообщалось… - The international press reported… @
    б) Конструкция «на + Пр.п.»
    На встрече договорились… - The meeting reached an agreement…
    На рисунке хорошо видны детали. – The picture gives a good view of these details.
    в) Конструкция «о + Пр.п»
    Об этом говорилось уже много раз. – This has been discussed/referred to/addressed/spoken about/spoken to/raised/dealt with many times.
    г) Преобразование косвенного падежа в подлежащее с заменой активного глагола на пассивный:
    О конструктивной роли, которую могли бы сыграть средства массовой информации, следует помнить. – The constructive role which the media could play should be recalled.
    О причинах нынешней напряженности мы уже имели возможность сказать на заседаниях этого комитета. – The reasons for the present tension have already been addressed/are a subject we have already addressed at meetings of this committee.
    д) Перевод предложений, начинающихся со слов в Вин.п.:
    i)используется глагол to be (глагол «широкой семантики» - «бытийный глагол»).
    Крайне опасный характер приобретает теперь терроризм. Extremely dangerous now is terrorism/Of particular danger now is terrorism.
    ii) используются слова that, what или something вместе с «бытийным глаголом»:
    Бесспорными являются тяжелые последствия усилий ЮАР в этой области для безопасности соседних государств. – What is unquestionable/Something which is unquestionable is the serious consequences of South Africa’s steps in this area for the security of neighboring states.
    *** Вполне обоснованным представляется вывод, сделанный Генеральным Секретарем в его недавнем докладе о положении на Ближнем Востоке, о том, что… - What is fully justified is…/Something that would seem fully justified is the conclusion drawn by the Secretary General in his recent report that…
    е) Перевод дополнений в Дат.п.
    Этой тактике «превентивных» ударов должен быть положен конец. – This policy of preventive strikes must be stopped/halted.
    По адресу правления совета высказывалось одобрение. – The board of the council was commended
    ***
    Ему было холодно. – He was cold. Ей хотелось спать. – She felt sleepy.
    ж) Перевод местоимений в Вин.п.
    Их беспокоит, что он все еще не приехал. – They are worried that he hasn’t yet arrived.
    з) Конструкции «от + Род.п.»
    От пожара уцелело всего несколько домов. – The fire spared ( замена глагола) only a few houses.
    От понимания того, что является причиной сползания человечества к ядерной бездне, зависит и ответ на вопрос, можно ли остановить этот страшный процесс. – Understanding the reason for the mankind’s drift towards the nuclear abyss/nuclear disaster determines ( замена глагола) the answer to the question (as to) whether it is possible to stop this frightening/horrendous/fatal process.
    *** От того, сумеет ли мир избежать ядерной катастрофы, зависит решение всех насущных проблем и само существование человеческой цивилизации. – The world’s ability to nuclear catastrophe is decisive/is critical for the resolution of all other urgent/critical problems and for the very survival of civilization. Или Whether of not the world can avoid nuclear catastrophe – this will determine/this is what will determine the resolution…
    2. Перевод оборотов, начинающихся с причастий
    а) Начинать с причастия – напрашиваться на неприятности! Перевод можно начинать со слов that, what или something
    Выдвинутая в заявлении Президента от 15 февраля программа освобождения человечества кс 2000 году от ядерного и иного оружия массового уничтожения рассматривает выделение средств на цели социального и экономического развития в качестве важнейшей сопутствующей меры соглашений по ограничению вооружений и разоружению. –
    That/something which was proposed in the president’s statement of February 15, namely/I mean/that is the program for freeing/delivering mankind by the year 2000 from nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction provides for the allocation of resources for social and economic development as a most important collateral/additional/accompanying measure for arms limitation and disarmament agreements.
    б) Если вероятностное прогнозирование или здравый смысл подсказывают дальнейшее развитие мысли оратора, переводчик может заменить причастие именной конструкцией:
    Интересы этих народов требуют, чтобы были приняты безотлагательные меры по оздоровлению обстановки в регионе. – The interests of those peoples require the taking of immediate measures/measures that can be taken/to improve the situation in the region.
    *** В полной мере здесь должны быть использованы каналы Всемирной кампании за разоружение. – Full use should be made here of the opportunities provided by the World Disarmament Campaign.
    в) Возможно опустить причастие:
    Нам также представляется правильным принятый Комитетом подход к выработке общих рекомендаций, согласно которому акцент будет делаться на качестве разрабатываемых им рекомендаций. – We also believe that the Committee’s approach to drawing up recommendations is correct, namely that stress will be placed on the quality of the recommendations it produces/draws up/makes/comes up with.
    г) Сведение причастного оборота к прилагательному:
    Такой ориентированный на деловой результат подход даст возможность добиться необходимой активизации роли нашей комиссии. – Such a determined/vigorous/single-minded approach will provide/allow for the required/needed stepping up/intensification of the role of our committee.
    3. Перевод предложений, начинающихся с глаголов со значением необходимости и долженствования:
    there is
    Требует своего совершенствования процедура рассмотрения документов. – There is a need to improve the procedure for consideration of documents.
    Необходимо всемерно повышать… - There is a need to raise in every way/it is essential to raise in every way… Необходимо более тесное международное сотрудничество… - There is a need for closer international cooperation/What is needed is closer international cooperation…
    Особенно эффективно использовать there is, если переводчик не хочет вводить подлежащее или ставить глагол в пассивную форму:
    Надо это сделать. – There is a need to do it/
    C.f. We need to do it. (введено подлежащее) This should be done. (глагол в пассиве)
    4. Перевод безличных предложений.
    It is - в качестве тематического подлежащего
    Проводить тренировку лучше днем или вечером. – It is best to do these exercises in the afternoon or evening.
    Легче попасть в беду, чем выпутаться из нее. – It is easier to get into trouble than out of it.
    5. Если прямое дополнение, обозначающее предмет действия, превращается в английском предложении в подлежащее, то сказуемое выражается при помощи пассивной глагольной конструкции.
    Толкали его. – He was pushed.
    Первые шаги в этой области предприняла ЮНЕСКО. – The first steps in this field were taken by UNESCO.
    6. Неопределенно-личные конструкции переводятся пассивом.
    Говорят, он хороший актер. – He is said to be a good actor.
    Ее считают способной учительницей. – She is considered a good teacher. Нам внушали, что наша система лучше. – We have been led to believe/told that our system is better.
    Иногда глагол можно заменить существительным:
    Готовились праздновать Новый год. – Preparations were under way/begun for celebrating New Year.
    7. Безличная конструкция с инфинитивом переводится при помощи местоимения it или личного местоимения.
    Радоваться нам надо, а не плакать. – We should be happy and not cry/instead of crying.
    Не надо так говорить. – You must not say that/You shouldn’t talk like that. Что делать? – What should we/you do?
    8. Русское прилагательное, помещенное на начальное место в предложении с целью выделения, может потребовать при переводе на английский, помимо изменения порядка слов, использования усилительного слова или конструкции.
    Прекрасный ты испекла торт! – What a fantastic cake you baked!
    Видела я первые его шаги. – I saw him take his very first steps. Голодная я! – Am I starving!/Because I’m hungry, that’s why! Невероятная это была история. – It was an absolutely unbelievable story.
    9. Разделение в русском предложении словосочетания с целью логического выделения одного из слов может обусловить наличие в предложении двух интонационных центров.
    Замечательный у тебя муж! – What a wonderful husband you have!
    Очень сильно девочка ушиблась вчера. – She really got badly bruised yesterday. Триста ты мне должен долларов, дорогой! – That’s tree hundred you owe me, kiddo!
    10. Интонационное выделение слова, стоящего в непривычной для себя начальной позиции, показывает, что именно оно особенно важно для говорящего. Такой инвертированный порядок слов характерен для вопросительных предложений в разговорном стиле.
    Он к вам приходит когда? – When is it he’s coming to see you?
    А говорит он ей что? – So what is he telling her?
    ***
    Ваня, мне кажется, не пришел. ( интонационное выделение имени собственного) – I don’t think Vanya came.

    Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > СИНТАКСИС

  • 120 СИНТАКСИС

    1. Общее правило для переводчика: русское существительное, стоящее в начале предложения в косвенном падеже, следует преобразовывать в подлежащее английского предложения, вне зависимости от его исходной синтаксической роли.
    Это наиболее надежный способ построить грамматически правильное и удобопонятное предложение на АЯ.
    a) Конструкция «в + Пр.п» в начале предложения:
    В выступлении президента было подчеркнуто, что никакие ссылки на терроризм не дают американской администрации права выступать в роли международного судьи. – The president’s statement emphasized that no reference to/invoking of terrorism can/give the American Administration the right to act as/ take the role of an international judge.
    ***
    В работе пресс-конференции принимали участие рабочие всех отраслей. – The work of the conference involved/included (замена глагола для достижения естественности звучания английского предложения) workers from all industries/fields/areas.
    ***
    Во французской ноте выражался решительный протест против этих действий. – The French note strongly/vigorously protested/contained a strong protest against such actions.
    ***
    Конструкция «в + Пр.п места» часто используется для ссылок на документ:
    В принятой вчера резолюции… - The resolution adopted/passed yesterday…
    В этом докладе много материалов на данную тему. – This report contains a lot of materials on this subject.
    В этих листках зло писали о порядках на фабрике. – These leaflets harshly criticized the system at the factory.
    - в печати
    б) Конструкция «на + Пр.п.»
    На встрече договорились… - The meeting reached an agreement…
    На рисунке хорошо видны детали. – The picture gives a good view of these details.
    в) Конструкция «о + Пр.п»
    Об этом говорилось уже много раз. – This has been discussed/referred to/addressed/spoken about/spoken to/raised/dealt with many times.
    г) Преобразование косвенного падежа в подлежащее с заменой активного глагола на пассивный:
    О конструктивной роли, которую могли бы сыграть средства массовой информации, следует помнить. – The constructive role which the media could play should be recalled.
    О причинах нынешней напряженности мы уже имели возможность сказать на заседаниях этого комитета. – The reasons for the present tension have already been addressed/are a subject we have already addressed at meetings of this committee.
    д) Перевод предложений, начинающихся со слов в Вин.п.:
    i)используется глагол to be (глагол «широкой семантики» - «бытийный глагол»).
    Крайне опасный характер приобретает теперь терроризм. Extremely dangerous now is terrorism/Of particular danger now is terrorism.
    ii) используются слова that, what или something вместе с «бытийным глаголом»:
    Бесспорными являются тяжелые последствия усилий ЮАР в этой области для безопасности соседних государств. – What is unquestionable/Something which is unquestionable is the serious consequences of South Africa’s steps in this area for the security of neighboring states.
    *** Вполне обоснованным представляется вывод, сделанный Генеральным Секретарем в его недавнем докладе о положении на Ближнем Востоке, о том, что… - What is fully justified is…/Something that would seem fully justified is the conclusion drawn by the Secretary General in his recent report that…
    е) Перевод дополнений в Дат.п.
    Этой тактике «превентивных» ударов должен быть положен конец. – This policy of preventive strikes must be stopped/halted.
    По адресу правления совета высказывалось одобрение. – The board of the council was commended
    ***
    Ему было холодно. – He was cold. Ей хотелось спать. – She felt sleepy.
    ж) Перевод местоимений в Вин.п.
    Их беспокоит, что он все еще не приехал. – They are worried that he hasn’t yet arrived.
    з) Конструкции «от + Род.п.»
    От пожара уцелело всего несколько домов. – The fire spared ( замена глагола) only a few houses.
    От понимания того, что является причиной сползания человечества к ядерной бездне, зависит и ответ на вопрос, можно ли остановить этот страшный процесс. – Understanding the reason for the mankind’s drift towards the nuclear abyss/nuclear disaster determines ( замена глагола) the answer to the question (as to) whether it is possible to stop this frightening/horrendous/fatal process.
    *** От того, сумеет ли мир избежать ядерной катастрофы, зависит решение всех насущных проблем и само существование человеческой цивилизации. – The world’s ability to nuclear catastrophe is decisive/is critical for the resolution of all other urgent/critical problems and for the very survival of civilization. Или Whether of not the world can avoid nuclear catastrophe – this will determine/this is what will determine the resolution…
    2. Перевод оборотов, начинающихся с причастий
    а) Начинать с причастия – напрашиваться на неприятности! Перевод можно начинать со слов that, what или something
    Выдвинутая в заявлении Президента от 15 февраля программа освобождения человечества кс 2000 году от ядерного и иного оружия массового уничтожения рассматривает выделение средств на цели социального и экономического развития в качестве важнейшей сопутствующей меры соглашений по ограничению вооружений и разоружению. –
    That/something which was proposed in the president’s statement of February 15, namely/I mean/that is the program for freeing/delivering mankind by the year 2000 from nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction provides for the allocation of resources for social and economic development as a most important collateral/additional/accompanying measure for arms limitation and disarmament agreements.
    б) Если вероятностное прогнозирование или здравый смысл подсказывают дальнейшее развитие мысли оратора, переводчик может заменить причастие именной конструкцией:
    Интересы этих народов требуют, чтобы были приняты безотлагательные меры по оздоровлению обстановки в регионе. – The interests of those peoples require the taking of immediate measures/measures that can be taken/to improve the situation in the region.
    *** В полной мере здесь должны быть использованы каналы Всемирной кампании за разоружение. – Full use should be made here of the opportunities provided by the World Disarmament Campaign.
    в) Возможно опустить причастие:
    Нам также представляется правильным принятый Комитетом подход к выработке общих рекомендаций, согласно которому акцент будет делаться на качестве разрабатываемых им рекомендаций. – We also believe that the Committee’s approach to drawing up recommendations is correct, namely that stress will be placed on the quality of the recommendations it produces/draws up/makes/comes up with.
    г) Сведение причастного оборота к прилагательному:
    Такой ориентированный на деловой результат подход даст возможность добиться необходимой активизации роли нашей комиссии. – Such a determined/vigorous/single-minded approach will provide/allow for the required/needed stepping up/intensification of the role of our committee.
    3. Перевод предложений, начинающихся с глаголов со значением необходимости и долженствования:
    there is
    Требует своего совершенствования процедура рассмотрения документов. – There is a need to improve the procedure for consideration of documents.
    Необходимо всемерно повышать… - There is a need to raise in every way/it is essential to raise in every way… Необходимо более тесное международное сотрудничество… - There is a need for closer international cooperation/What is needed is closer international cooperation…
    Особенно эффективно использовать there is, если переводчик не хочет вводить подлежащее или ставить глагол в пассивную форму:
    Надо это сделать. – There is a need to do it/
    C.f. We need to do it. (введено подлежащее) This should be done. (глагол в пассиве)
    4. Перевод безличных предложений.
    It is - в качестве тематического подлежащего
    Проводить тренировку лучше днем или вечером. – It is best to do these exercises in the afternoon or evening.
    Легче попасть в беду, чем выпутаться из нее. – It is easier to get into trouble than out of it.
    5. Если прямое дополнение, обозначающее предмет действия, превращается в английском предложении в подлежащее, то сказуемое выражается при помощи пассивной глагольной конструкции.
    Толкали его. – He was pushed.
    Первые шаги в этой области предприняла ЮНЕСКО. – The first steps in this field were taken by UNESCO.
    6. Неопределенно-личные конструкции переводятся пассивом.
    Говорят, он хороший актер. – He is said to be a good actor.
    Ее считают способной учительницей. – She is considered a good teacher. Нам внушали, что наша система лучше. – We have been led to believe/told that our system is better.
    Иногда глагол можно заменить существительным:
    Готовились праздновать Новый год. – Preparations were under way/begun for celebrating New Year.
    7. Безличная конструкция с инфинитивом переводится при помощи местоимения it или личного местоимения.
    Радоваться нам надо, а не плакать. – We should be happy and not cry/instead of crying.
    Не надо так говорить. – You must not say that/You shouldn’t talk like that. Что делать? – What should we/you do?
    8. Русское прилагательное, помещенное на начальное место в предложении с целью выделения, может потребовать при переводе на английский, помимо изменения порядка слов, использования усилительного слова или конструкции.
    Прекрасный ты испекла торт! – What a fantastic cake you baked!
    Видела я первые его шаги. – I saw him take his very first steps. Голодная я! – Am I starving!/Because I’m hungry, that’s why! Невероятная это была история. – It was an absolutely unbelievable story.
    9. Разделение в русском предложении словосочетания с целью логического выделения одного из слов может обусловить наличие в предложении двух интонационных центров.
    Замечательный у тебя муж! – What a wonderful husband you have!
    Очень сильно девочка ушиблась вчера. – She really got badly bruised yesterday. Триста ты мне должен долларов, дорогой! – That’s tree hundred you owe me, kiddo!
    10. Интонационное выделение слова, стоящего в непривычной для себя начальной позиции, показывает, что именно оно особенно важно для говорящего. Такой инвертированный порядок слов характерен для вопросительных предложений в разговорном стиле.
    Он к вам приходит когда? – When is it he’s coming to see you?
    А говорит он ей что? – So what is he telling her?
    ***
    Ваня, мне кажется, не пришел. ( интонационное выделение имени собственного) – I don’t think Vanya came.

    Русско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > СИНТАКСИС

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  • that is — or[that is to say] I mean; that means; in other words. * /John is a New Yorker; that is, he lives in New York./ * /Susan is a good student; that is to say, she gets good grades in school./ …   Dictionary of American idioms

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  • mean — mean1 W1S1 [mi:n] v [T] past tense and past participle meant [ment] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(have a particular meaning)¦ 2¦(intend to say something)¦ 3¦(intend to do something)¦ 4¦(result in something)¦ 5¦(be familiar)¦ 6¦(say something seriously)¦ 7¦(how… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

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  • mean — mean1 [ min ] (past tense and past participle meant [ ment ] ) verb transitive *** 1. ) to have a particular meaning: The word means something different in French. What does pulchritude mean? mean something by something: Everything depends on… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • mean — I UK [miːn] / US [mɪn] verb [transitive] Word forms mean : present tense I/you/we/they mean he/she/it means present participle meaning past tense meant UK [ment] / US past participle meant *** Get it right: mean: When you want to say what… …   English dictionary

  • mean*/*/*/ — [miːn] (past tense and past participle meant [ment] ) verb [T] I 1) to have a particular meaning What does ‘maudlin mean?[/ex] The word ‘serviette means something different in French.[/ex] 2) to intend to communicate a particular meaning By… …   Dictionary for writing and speaking English

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