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61 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) zapustiti, odpotovati2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) pustiti3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) pustiti4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) pustiti5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) prepustiti6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) zapustiti•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) dovoljenje2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) dopust•- take one's leave of- take one's leave* * *I [li:v]noundovoljenje, privoljenje; dopust; slovoII [li:v]1.transitive verbpustiti, zapustiti, prepustiti; opustiti, prenehati; pustiti, na cedilu, iti preko česa; American dovoliti, dopustiti;2.intransitive verboditi, odpotovati ( for kam)colloquially to get left — ostati na cedilucolloquially it leaves me cold ( —ali cool) — ne zanima me, ne vznemirja mecolloquially leave it at that — naj ostane pri temto leave things as they are — pustiti stvari kot so, pustiti stvari pri miruto leave no stone unturned — obrniti vsak kamen, vsestransko se truditito leave s.o. wondering whether — pustiti koga v dvomu oto leave s.o. in the dark — zamolčati komu kaj, ne povedati komu česavulgar to leave go of — spustiti kaj iz rokto leave word — sporočiti, pustiti sporočiloto leave card on s.o. — pustiti vizitko pri komIII [li:v]intransitive verbozeleneti -
62 droga
( pas terenu) road; ( trasa) way; ( właściwy kierunek) way; ( podróż) journey; ( odległość między dwoma punktami) distance; (przen) wayDroga Krzyżowa — REL the Way of the Cross
drogą lotniczą/morską — by air/sea
drogą służbową/urzędową — through official channels
drogi oddechowe/moczowe — respiratory/urinary tract
być na dobrej/złej drodze — to be on the right/wrong track
stawać (stanąć perf) komuś na drodze — to stand lub be in sb's way
po drodze — on the way, en route
swoją drogą... — still,...
w drodze wyjątku — by way of exception, as an exception
pięć minut drogi (stąd) — ( piechotą) five minutes' walk (from here); ( samochodem) five minutes' drive (from here)
sprowadzać (sprowadzić perf) kogoś na złą drogę — to lead sb astray
* * *I.droga1f.Gen.pl. dróg1. (= trakt) road; główna droga main road; boczna droga side road, by-road; droga publiczna public road; droga dojazdowa access road; skrzyżowanie dróg intersection, junction, crossroads; szeroka/wąska droga broad/narrow road; wyboista/równa droga bumpy/smooth road; gęsta sieć dróg extensive road network; zły stan dróg bad condition of the roads; droga bita macadam, macadamized road; droga gruntowa dirt road; swoją drogą nie masz racji while we are at it, you're wrong; to swoją drogą that's a different story; być na rozstajnych drogach be at crossroads; rozbój na prostej drodze barefaced robbery; wszystkie drogi prowadzą do Rzymu all roads lead to Rome.2. (= szlak) route, way, track; przewozić towary drogą morską/powietrzną/lądową transport goods by sea/air/land; droga żelazna przest. railroad; droga startowa lotn. runway; droga hamowania braking distance, stopping distance; droga strategiczna strategic route; drogi oddechowe anat. respiratory tract; drogi żółciowe anat. bile ducts; drogi łzowe anat. lacrimal ducts, lachrymal ducts; Droga Mleczna astron. Milky Way; przekazywać wiadomości drogą radiową transmit messages by radio; zgodzę się na to w drodze wyjątku I'll agree to that by way of exception; in that case I'll make an exception; być na drodze do sławy be on the road to fame; moje plany wakacyjne są na dobrej drodze my vacation l. holiday plans are on the right track; pójść niewłaściwą drogą go the wrong way, take the wrong path; kpisz, czy o drogę pytasz? pot. and I'm supposed to believe you don't know a thing about it?; nie tędy droga that's not the way to do it.3. (= trasa) way; zmyliłem drogę I lost my way; nadłożyć drogi take a roundabout way; czy może pani wskazać mi drogę do muzeum? can you show me the way to the museum?, which way to the museum, please?; dlaczego zawróciłeś z raz obranej drogi? why have turned back from the path you took?; tędy wiodła jedyna droga ucieczki that was the only escape (route); dalsza droga prowadzi przez Francję i Hiszpanię do Portugalii then you have to travel through France and Spain to Portugal; droga wolna kol. the coast is clear; (rób, jak chcesz -) wolna droga! do as you please; suit yourself; it's a free country; klasztor był o jakieś dwie godziny drogi stąd the monastery was some two hours away; pięć minut drogi stąd piechotą five minutes' walk from here; pięć minut drogi stąd samochodem five minutes' drive from here; to jest kawał drogi stąd that's a long way from here; odciąć komuś drogę odwrotu t. przen. cut off sb's escape route; torować sobie drogę do sukcesu pave one's way to success; stawać komuś na drodze stand in sb's way l. path; schodzić komuś z drogi get out of sb's way; zatrzymać się w pół drogi stop half way there; zamknąć komuś drogę do kariery block l. stand in the way of sb's career, close the door on sb's career.4. (= podróż) journey, travel, voyage; droga powrotna return journey; ruszyć w drogę depart, set off l. out; pot. hit the road; być gotowym do drogi be ready to set off l. out; odpoczywać po długiej drodze rest after a long journey; jestem w drodze od trzech dni I have been on the road for three days; odbyć drogę pieszo travel on foot; Droga Krzyżowa rz.-kat. the Way of the Cross, the Stations of the Cross; droga krzyżowa przen. bearing one's cross; dziecko jest w drodze child is on the way; po drodze wstąp do nich drop in on them on your way; w drodze do domu on the way home; krzyżyk na drogę good riddance (to bad rubbish); it's your funeral; it's no skin off my nose l. back; szerokiej drogi! have a safe journey l. trip!; w drogę! let's go!, move!; z drogi! get out of my way!; komu w drogę, temu czas I, we, etc. must be off; it's high time I, we, etc. went; we should be going soon l. getting along now; it's about time I, we, etc. left l. hit the road l. trail.5. (= metoda działania) way; nie sądzę, żeby to była właściwa droga do pozyskania przychylności dziekana I don't think this is the right way to get the dean's support; osiagnął te wyniki drogą żmudnych badań he obtained these results after painstaking research; przekazać coś drogą służbową communicate sth through official channels; rozstrzygnąć spór na drodze prawnej settle a matter by legal action; rozstrzygnąć spór na drodze sądowej settle a matter in court; dochodzić swoich praw na drodze sądowej seek justice in court; kroczyć swoją własną drogą take one's own road; chodzić własnymi drogami follow one's own path; ona nie może znaleźć drogi do swojej córki she can't get through to her own daughter; sprowadzać kogoś na złą drogę lead sb astray.6. fiz. path.II.droga2f.Gen. - giej dear, love, honey; ależ moja droga, nie masz racji but my dear, you're quite wrong l. mistaken; zrobię wszystko dla mojej najdroższej I'll do anything for my love.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > droga
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63 second
c black second, e [s(ə)gɔ̃, ɔ̃d]1. adjective• chez lui, c'est une seconde nature with him it's second nature2. masculine noun, feminine noun3. masculine nouna. ( = adjoint) second in command ; ( = marin) first matec. ► en second• officier or capitaine en second first mate4. feminine nouna. ( = unité de temps) second• (attends) une seconde ! just a second!• avec elle, tout doit être fait à la seconde with her, things have to be done instantly• je n'y crois pas une seconde ! I don't believe a word of itc. (classe de) seconde ≈ fifth form (in secondary school) (Brit), ≈ tenth grade (in high school) (US) → LYCÉEc black d. ( = vitesse) second gear• être en/passer la or en seconde to be in/change into second gear━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━* * *
1.
seconde səgɔ̃, ɔ̃d adjectif1) ( dans une séquence) seconddans un second temps, nous étudierons... — subsequently, we will study...
2) ( dans une hiérarchie) secondjouer un second rôle — Théâtre to play a supporting role
jouer les second rôles — fig to play second fiddle
2.
nom masculin, fémininle second, la seconde — gén the second one
3.
nom masculin1) ( adjoint) second-in-command2) ( étage) second floor GB, third floor US3) ( dans un duel) second
4.
en second locution adverbiale [arriver, partir] secondpasser en second — [travail, amis] to come second
* * *s(ə)ɡɔ̃, ɔ̃d second, -e1. adj1) (= deuxième) second2)2. nm1) (= étage) second floor Grande-Bretagne third floor USAElle habite au second. — She lives on the second floor.
2) (= seconde place)3) (= assistant) second in command4) NAVIGATION first mate* * *A adj1 ( dans une séquence) second; seconde partie/fois second part/time; chapitre second chapter two; en seconde lecture at a second reading; en second lieu secondly; dans un second temps, nous étudierons… subsequently, we will study…; c'est à prendre au second degré it is not to be taken literally; le second Empire the Second Empire;2 ( dans une hiérarchie) second; second violon second violin; officier en second second officer; être commandant en second to be second in command; voyager en seconde classe to travel second class; billet de seconde classe second-class ticket; elle est arrivée en seconde position she came second; de second ordre second-rate; politicien de second plan minor politician; faire passer qch au second plan to make sth take second place; de second choix of inferior quality; jouer un second rôle Théât to play a supporting role; jouer les second rôles fig to play second fiddle; les causes secondes the secondary causes;3 ( autre) second; ma seconde patrie my second home; c'est une seconde Marie Curie she is a second Marie Curie; avoir le don de seconde vue to have second sight.B nm,f le second, la seconde gén the second one; ( enfant) the second child; le second de la liste the second one on the list; mon second est… ( dans une charade) my second is…C nm1 ( adjoint) second-in-command;2 ( étage) second floor GB, third floor US; au second on the second floor GB, on the third floor US; les gens du second the people on the second floor;3 ( dans un duel) second.E seconde nf1 ⇒ La vitesse ( unité de temps) second; 11 mètres par seconde 11 metresGB per ou a second; à la seconde près to the nearest second;2 ( court laps de temps) second; je reviens dans une seconde I'll be back in a second ou sec○; en une fraction de seconde in a split second;4 Transp billet de seconde standard ticket GB, second-class ticket; voyager en seconde to travel standard ou second class;5 Aut second gear; passer en or la seconde to change into second;6 Mus second.second avènement Bible Second Coming; second de cordée second man (in a climbing party); second couteau Cin, Théât cameo role; second maître Mil Naut ≈ petty officer GB, ≈ petty officer first class US; second marché secondary market.( féminin seconde) [səgɔ̃, ɔ̃d] adjectif1. [dans l'espace, le temps] seconden second lieu secondly, in the second place2. [dans une hiérarchie] second[éclairagiste, maquilleur] assistant (modificateur)3. [autre - chance, jeunesse, vie] secondseconde vue clairvoyance, second sighta seconde a double point, a''————————, seconde [səgɔ̃, ɔ̃d] nom masculin, nom féminin1. [dans l'espace, le temps] secondje lis le premier paragraphe, et toi le second I read the first paragraph, and you the second one ou the next one2. [dans une hiérarchie] secondarriver le second [dans une course, une élection] to come second————————nom masculin2. [dans une charade]mon second est... my second is...seconde nom fémininpasse en seconde change into ou to second gear2. TRANSPORTS [classe] second class[billet] second-class ticketles secondes, les wagons de seconde second-class carriages————————secondes nom féminin plurielen second locution adjectivaleen second locution adverbiale -
64 leave
[liːv] 1. pt, pp left, vtplace ( on foot) wychodzić (wyjść perf) z +gen; ( in vehicle) wyjeżdżać (wyjechać perf) z +gen; place, institution ( permanently) opuszczać (opuścić perf), odchodzić (odejść perf) z +gen; person, thing, space, time zostawiać (zostawić perf); mark, stain zostawiać (zostawić perf), pozostawiać (pozostawić perf); husband, wife opuszczać (opuścić perf), odchodzić (odejść perf) od +gen, zostawiać (zostawić perf) (inf)2. viperson ( on foot) odchodzić (odejść perf); ( in vehicle) wyjeżdżać (wyjechać perf); ( permanently) odchodzić (odejść perf); bus, train odjeżdżać (odjechać perf), odchodzić (odejść perf); plane odlatywać (odlecieć perf)to leave sth to sb — zostawiać (zostawić perf) coś komuś
you have/there was ten minutes left — zostało ci/zostało (jeszcze) dziesięć minut
to be left over — food, drink zostawać (zostać perf)
Phrasal Verbs:- leave on3. nurlop m* * *I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) opuścić, wyjść2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) (po)zostawić3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) (po)zostawić4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) zostawić5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) zostawić6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) (po)zostawić•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) zezwolenie2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) urlop•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
65 come
come [kʌm]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━2. modifier━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. venir• coming! j'arrive !► to come + preposition• to come behind sb/sth suivre qn/qch• to come between two people ( = interfere) s'interposer entre deux personnes• to come for sb/sth venir chercher qn/qch• where do you come from? tu viens d'où ?• if it comes to that,... dans ce cas-là...• when it comes to... quand il s'agit de...► to come + -ing• to come running/shouting arriver en courant/en criant► to come + adverb/adjective• to come apart ( = fall to pieces) tomber en morceauxb. ( = have one's place) se trouverc. ( = happen) arriver• how do you come to be here? comment se fait-il que vous soyez ici ?• how come it's so expensive? (inf) comment se fait-il que cela soit si cher ?d. ( = result from) nothing came of it il n'en est rien sortie. ( = be available) this dress comes in three sizes cette robe existe en trois tailles• how do you like your tea? -- as it comes comment voulez-vous votre thé ? -- ça m'est égalf. ► to come to + infinitive ( = end up) finir parg. ( = reach orgasm) (inf!) jouir2. modifier(gen = lure) attrape-nigaud m( = happen) arriver• how did it come about? comment est-ce arrivé ?► come acrossa. ( = cross) traversera. venir• come along! (allez,) venez !• why don't you come along? pourquoi ne viendrais-tu pas ?b. ( = progress) faire des progrès ; [plans] avancera. ( = leave) s'en aller• come away from there! va-t'en de là !b. ( = become detached) se détacher[person, fashion] revenira. descendre• come down from there at once! descends de là tout de suite !b. ( = fall) [rain, curtain] tomberd. ( = be demolished) être démolie. ( = drop) [prices] baisserf. ( = be transmitted) [tradition] être transmis (de père en fils)► come down with inseparable transitive verb[+ disease] attraper• after the burglary, her neighbours came forward with offers of help après le cambriolage, ses voisins ont offert de l'aidera. [person] entrer ; [tide] monter• come in! entrez !• reports are now coming in of a terrorist attack des informations nous parviennent selon lesquelles il y aurait eu un attentat terroristec. he has £20,000 coming in every year il touche 20 000 livres par an• we have no money coming in at the moment nous n'avons aucune rentrée d'argent en ce moment► come in for inseparable transitive verb[+ criticism] être l'objet dea. ( = inherit) hériter deb. ( = play a role) logic doesn't really come into it la logique n'a pas grand-chose à voir là-dedans► come offa. [button] se découdre ; [mark] partirb. ( = take place) avoir lieuc. ( = succeed) [plan] se réaliser ; [attempt, experiment] réussird. (in contest, conflict) to come off best avoir le dessusb. [+ drug] arrêtera. come on, try again! allez, encore un effort !b. ( = progress) faire des progrès• how are your plans coming on? où en sont vos projets ?d. [actor] entrer en scène( = start discussing) aborder• I'll come on to that in a moment j'aborderai cette question dans un moment► come out intransitive verba. sortir ; [sun, stars] apparaître ; [truth, news, qualities] apparaître au grand jour ; [stain] partir• to come out for/against sth prendre position pour/contre qchd. (British) ( = come out on strike) se mettre en grève• she came out as a lesbian elle a révélé son homosexualité► come out with (inf) inseparable transitive verb• you never know what she's going to come out with next on ne sait jamais ce qu'elle va sortir (inf)► come overa. venirc. ( = make impression) he came over as a decent person il a donné l'impression d'être une personne décente[feeling] envahirb. ( = drop in) passerc. ( = happen) se tenird. ( = change one's mind) changer d'avise. ( = regain consciousness) revenir à soi► come througha. ( = survive) s'en sortirc. what came through most was her enthusiasm ce que l'on remarquait surtout, c'était son enthousiasme( = survive) [+ illness, danger, war] survivre à► come to( = regain consciousness) reprendre connaissance( = amount to) se monter à• how much does it come to? ça se monte à combien ?• it comes to $20 ça fait 20 dollars en touta. ( = be subjected to) [+ sb's influence] tomber sous ; [+ attack, pressure] être l'objet deb. ( = be classified under) être classé sousc. ( = be the responsibility of) this comes under another department c'est du ressort d'un autre service► come up intransitive verba. monter• do you come up to York often? est-ce que vous montez souvent à York ?c. [plant] sortird. [sun] se levere. ( = arise) être soulevéa. ( = reach up to) arriver àb. ( = equal) répondre à• his work has not come up to our expectations son travail n'a pas répondu à notre attente► come up with inseparable transitive verb* * *[kʌm] 1.2. 3.come, come! — allons, allons!
1) ( arrive) [person, day, success, fame] venir; [bus, letter, news, rains, winter, war] arriverto come by — ( take) prendre [bus, taxi, plane]
I came on foot/by bike — je suis venu à pied/à bicyclette
to come down — descendre [stairs, street]
to come up — monter [stairs, street]
to come from — venir de [airport, hospital]
to come into — entrer dans [house, room]
to come past — [car, person] passer
to come through — [person] passer par [town centre, tunnel]; [water, object] traverser [window etc]
to come to — venir à [school, telephone]
come Christmas/summer — à Noël/en été
2) ( approach) s'approcherto come and see/help somebody — venir voir/aider quelqu'un
to come to somebody for — venir demander [quelque chose] à quelqu'un [money, advice]
I could see it coming — ( of accident) je le voyais venir
to come close ou near to doing — faillir faire
3) (call, visit) [dustman, postman] passer; [cleaner] venir4) ( attend) venirto come to — venir à [meeting, party]
5) ( reach)to come to —
to come up/down to — [water] venir jusqu'à; [dress, curtain] arriver à
6) ( happen)7) ( begin)to come to believe/hate — finir par croire/détester
8) ( originate)to come from — [person] être originaire de, venir de [city, country]; [word, legend] venir de [country, language]; [substance] provenir de [raw material]; [coins, stamps] provenir de [place]; [smell, sound] venir de [place]
to come from France — [fruit, painting] provenir de France; [person] être français/-e
9) ( be available)to come in — exister en [sizes, colours]
10) ( tackle)to come to — aborder [problem, subject]
11) ( develop)12) ( be situated) venirto come after — suivre, venir après
to come before — (in time, list, queue) précéder; ( in importance) passer avant
to come first/last — arriver premier/dernier
13) ( be due)he had it coming (to him) — (colloq) ça lui pendait au nez
they got what was coming to them — (colloq) ils ont fini par avoir ce qu'ils méritaient
14) ( be a question of)when it comes to something/to doing — lorsqu'il s'agit de quelque chose/de faire
•Phrasal Verbs:- come at- come by- come in- come off- come on- come out- come to- come up••come again? — (colloq) pardon?
come to that ou if it comes to that, you may be right — en fait, tu as peut-être raison
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66 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) fara, yfirgefa2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) skilja eftir3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) fara frá4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) fara frá e-u, skilja einan eftir5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) láta (e-m e-ð) eftir6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) láta eftir sig, erfa•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) leyfi2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) frí•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
67 leave
búcsú, eltávozás, engedély, szabadság to leave: elmegy, örökül hagy, átad, hagy, hátrahagy, ráhagy* * *I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) elmegy; elutazik2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) otthagy3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) félbehagy4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) hagy5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) rábíz6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) vkire hagy•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) engedély2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) szabadság•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
68 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) deixar2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) deixar3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) deixar4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) deixar5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) deixar6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) deixar•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) licença2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) licença•- take one's leave of- take one's leave* * *leave1[li:v] n 1 licença, permissão. 2 partida, despedida. by your leave com (sua) licença. leave of absence permissão para ausentar-se do trabalho, licença do trabalho. maternity leave licença-maternidade. on leave de licença. to ask for leave of absence pedir licença (para ausentar-se do trabalho). to take leave despedir-se, partir.————————leave2[li:v] vt+vi (ps and pp left) 1 partir. 2 abandonar. 3 retirar-se, sair. 4 cessar. 5 desistir. 6 deixar, deixar ficar. 7 legar. 8 submeter à aprovação. 9 depositar, confiar à guarda de. 10 sobrar. there is nothing left nada sobrou. to leave about deixar jogado de qualquer maneira. to leave alone não incomodar, não interferir, deixar em paz. to leave be deixar estar, não interferir. to leave behind deixar para trás, esquecer. to leave cold deixar indiferente. to leave for partir para. to leave go/ hold of largar, soltar. to leave it lay deixar para lá. to leave much to be desired deixar muito a desejar. to leave no stone unturned não deixar pedra sobre pedra. to leave off a) desistir, descontinuar. b) deixar de vestir. to leave out omitir. to leave out in the cold deixar de lado, ignorar. to leave over deixar para considerações futuras. to leave something up to somebody deixar alguma coisa por conta de alguém.————————leave3[li:v] vi cobrir-se de folhas. -
69 leave
n. müsaade, izin, ruhsat; veda————————v. ayrılmak, bırakmak, terketmek; yola çıkmak; kalkmak; kalmak; unutmak (eşya); vazgeçmek, caymak* * *1. ayrıl 2. bırak (v.) 3. izin (n.)* * *I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) ayrılmak, terketmek2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) bırakmak3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) bırakmak4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) bırakmak, terketmek5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) bırakmak6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) bırakmak•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) izin, müsade2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) izin, tatil•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
70 leave
• painua• häipyä• jättää jälkeensä• jättää pois• heittää• hylätä• virkavapaa• virkavapaus• virkaloma• vetäytyä• erota• antaa• unohtaa• testamentata• jättää• jäähyväiset• mennä pois• mennä• käydä• lakata• lahjoittaa• poismuuttaa• poistua• lähteä jostakin• lähteä• loma• lopettaa• lomautus• luopua• lupa• luovuttaa* * *I li:v past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) lähteä2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) jättää3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) jättää4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) jättää5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) jättää6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) jättää•- leave out
- left over II li:v noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) lupa2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) loma•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
71 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) aiziet; aizbraukt2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) atstāt; pamest3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) atstāt (kādā noteiktā stāvoklī)4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) atstāt (paša ziņā)5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) atstāt (kāda ziņā)6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) novēlēt; atstāt mantojumā•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) atļauja2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) atvaļinājums•- take one's leave of- take one's leave* * *atļauja; atvaļinājums; īpašs atvaļinājums; aizbraukšana, aiziešana; atvadīšanās; pamest, atstāt; aizbraukt, aiziet, doties; atstāt kādā stāvoklī; novēlēt, atstāt mantojumā -
72 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) išeiti, išvykti, mesti2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) palikti3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) pamesti, palikti4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) palikti5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) palikti6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) palikti•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) leidimas2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) atostogos•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
73 leave
n. lov; tillåtelse, tillstånd; permission; farväl, avsked--------v. lämna; lämna kvar; gå ifrån, separera; lämna ifred; spara; skona; sluta; utelämna, förbigå* * *I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) lämna, ge sig av2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) lämna, glömma3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) lämna4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) låta, lämna5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) överlåta6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) efterlämna•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) lov, tillåtelse2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) permission•- take one's leave -
74 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) odejít; opustit2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) nechat3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) (za)nechat4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) nechat5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) nechat6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) odkázat•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) dovolení2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) dovolená•- take one's leave of- take one's leave* * *• vynechat• volno• odcházet• opustit• odjet• opouštět• odjíždět• odejít• leave/left/left• nechávat• nechat• dovolená -
75 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) odísť2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) nechať3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) nechať4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) nechať5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) nechať6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) odkázať•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) dovolenie2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) dovolenka•- take one's leave of- take one's leave* * *• zanedbat• dovolenka• rozlúcenie• rozlúcka• opustit• opúštat• lúcenie• nechávat• nechat• odchod• odchádzat• odíst -
76 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) a părăsi; a pleca2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) a (-şi) lăsa3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) a lăsa4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) a lăsa5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) a lăsa6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) a lăsa•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) permisiune2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) permisie•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
77 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) φεύγω (από)2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) ξεχνώ να πάρω, αφήνω (φεύγοντας)3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) αφήνω, παρατώ4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) αφήνω5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) αφήνω, εμπιστεύομαι, αναθέτω6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) αφήνω κληρονομιά•- leave out
- left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) άδεια, έγκριση2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) άδεια, (απουσίας, διακοπών)•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
78 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) quitter, partir2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) laisser3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) laisser4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) laisser5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) laisser6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) léguer•- leave out - left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) permission2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) permission•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
79 leave
I [li:v] past tense, past participle - left; verb1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) sair, partir2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) deixar3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) deixar4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) deixar5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) deixar6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) deixar•- leave out - left over II [li:v] noun1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) permissão2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) licença•- take one's leave of- take one's leave -
80 Edwards, Humphrey
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]fl. c.1808–25 London (?), Englandd. after 1825 France (?)[br]English co-developer of Woolf s compound steam engine.[br]When Arthur Woolf left the Griffin Brewery, London, in October 1808, he formed a partnership with Humphrey Edwards, described as a millwright at Mill Street, Lambeth, where they started an engine works to build Woolf's type of compound engine. A number of small engines were constructed and other ordinary engines modified with the addition of a high-pressure cylinder. Improvements were made in each succeeding engine, and by 1811 a standard form had been evolved. During this experimental period, engines were made with cylinders side by side as well as the more usual layout with one behind the other. The valve gear and other details were also improved. Steam pressure may have been around 40 psi (2.8 kg/cm2). In an advertisement of February 1811, the partners claimed that their engines had been brought to such a state of perfection that they consumed only half the quantity of coal required for engines on the plan of Messrs Boulton \& Watt. Woolf visited Cornwall, where he realized that more potential for his engines lay there than in London; in May 1811 the partnership was dissolved, with Woolf returning to his home county. Edwards struggled on alone in London for a while, but when he saw a more promising future for the engine in France he moved to Paris. On 25 May 1815 he obtained a French patent, a Brevet d'importation, for ten years. A report in 1817 shows that during the previous two years he had imported into France fifteen engines of different sizes which were at work in eight places in various parts of the country. He licensed a mining company in the north of France to make twenty-five engines for winding coal. In France there was always much more interest in rotative engines than pumping ones. Edwards may have formed a partnership with Goupil \& Cie, Dampierre, to build engines, but this is uncertain. He became a member of the firm Scipion, Perrier, Edwards \& Chappert, which took over the Chaillot Foundry of the Perrier Frères in Paris, and it seems that Edwards continued to build steam engines there for the rest of his life. In 1824 it was claimed that he had made about 100 engines in England and another 200 in France, but this is probably an exaggeration.The Woolf engine acquired its popularity in France because its compound design was more economical than the single-cylinder type. To enable it to be operated safely, Edwards first modified Woolf s cast-iron boiler in 1815 by placing two small drums over the fire, and then in 1825 replaced the cast iron with wrought iron. The modified boiler was eventually brought back to England in the 1850s as the "French" or "elephant" boiler.[br]Further ReadingMost details about Edwards are to be found in the biographies of his partner, Arthur Woolf. For example, see T.R.Harris, 1966, Arthur Woolf, 1766–1837, The Cornish Engineer, Truro: D.Bradford Barton; Rhys Jenkins, 1932–3, "A Cornish Engineer, Arthur Woolf, 1766–1837", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 13. These use information from the originally unpublished part of J.Farey, 1971, A Treatise on the Steam Engine, Vol. II, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.RLH
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