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1 prisilno delo
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2 težek
hard, heavy -
3 trd
hard, rigid, stiff, tough -
4 trdi disk
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5 trdo
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6 trdo kuhan
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7 tvь̑rdъ
tvь̑rdъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `hard, firm, solid'Old Church Slavic:Russian:tvërdyj `hard, solid' [adj o];tvërd `hard, solid' [adj o], tverdá [Nomsf], tvërdo [Nomsf]Czech:tvrdý `hard, solid' [adj o]Slovak:tvrdý `hard, solid' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:tvȓd `hard, firm' [adj o], tvŕda [Nomsf];Čak. tvȑd (Vrgada) `hard, firm' [adj o], tvrdȁ [Nomsf], tvȑdo [Nomsn];Čak. tȓd (Orbanići) `hard, firm' [adj o], tr̃da [Nomsf], tr̄dȁ [Nomsf], tȓdo [Nomsn]Slovene:tȓd `hard' [adj o], tŕda [Nomsf];tvȓd `hard' [adj o], tvŕda [Nomsf]Bulgarian:tvărd `firm, solid, hard' [adj o]Lithuanian:tvìrtas `strong, firm, solid' [adj o] 3Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: turH-dʰo- -
8 čьrstvъ
čьrstvъ Grammatical information: adj. oPage in Trubačev: IV 159-161Church Slavic:Russian:čërstvyj `stale, hard, callous' [adj o]Czech:č(e)rstvý `strong, healthy, fresh' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:čvȓst `strong, hard, firm' [adj o], čvŕsta [Nomsf];Čak. čvȑst (Vrgada) `strong, hard, firm' [adj o], čvrstȁ [Nomsf], čvrstȍ [Nomsn];Čak. čvȑs (Orbanići) `strong, firm' [adj o], čvȑsta [Nomsf], čvȑsto [Nomsn]Slovene:čvȓst `firm, strong, fresh' [adj o], čvŕsta [Nomsf]Lithuanian:kir̃stas `sharp, harsh (of a person)'Indo-European reconstruction: krt-tuo-Page in Pokorny: 584 -
9 krěpъkъ
krěpъkъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `strong'Page in Trubačev: XII 135-138Old Church Slavic:krěpъkъ `strong' [adj o]Russian:krépkij `strong' [adj o], krépok [short]Czech:křepký `fresh, strong' [adj o]Slovak:krepký `adroit, smart' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:krȅpak `strong, lively' [adj o];Čak. krȉpak (Novi) `strong, lively' [adj o];Čak. krȅpak (Orbanići) `strong, lively' [adj o]Slovene:krẹ́pǝk `hard, stiff, tough' [adj o], krẹ́pka [Gens];krẹpȃk `hard, stiff, tough' [adj o], krẹpkà [Gens]Bulgarian:krépăk `tough, hard, strong' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: kreh₁p-u-ko-Other cognates: -
10 kaliti
I. kaliti I Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `temper, case-harden'Page in Trubačev: IX 123-124Russian:kalít' `heat, roast' [verb], kaljú [1sg], kalít [3sg]Czech:Slovak:Serbo-Croatian:káliti `temper, case-harden' [verb];Čak. kālȉt `temper, harden (iron)' [verb], kãli [3sg]Slovene:kalíti `temper, case-harden' [verb], kalím [1sg]Bulgarian:kaljá `temper, case-harden' [verb]Other cognates:Lat. callum `callous' [n];II. kaliti II Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `soil'Page in Trubačev: IX 123-124Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:kalić `soil, trouble' [verb]Slovincian:kȧ̃lăc `soil' [verb]Slovene:kalíti `trouble' [verb], kalím [1sg] -
11 močno
bitterly, deeply, hard, heavily, severely, strongly -
12 oster
bitter, clear, hard, harsh, keen, piercing, sharp, stern, tough -
13 zamera
grudge, hard feelings, offence -
14 zelo
badly, dearly, deeply, enormously, greatly, hard, immensely, intensely, much, terribly, very -
15 blizь
blizъ II; blizь Grammatical information: adv., prep.Page in Trubačev: II 121-122Old Church Slavic:Russian:Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:blízu `near, close by' [prep/adv];Čak. blīzȕ (Orbanići) `near, nearby' [prep/adv];Čak. blĩzu (Orbanići) `near, nearby' [prep/adv]Slovene:blìz `near, close by' [adv];blìz `near, close to' [prep]Bulgarian:blízo `near, close by' [adv]Lithuanian:bláižyti `tear off, shell' [verb]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰl(e)iǵ-o-IE meaning: nearPage in Pokorny: 161Comments: Although puzzling at first, the semantic transition from `to beat' to `near' appears to have a few convincing parallels, e.g. MoFr. près `near' : Lat. pressus `squeezed' (Trubačëv II: 122, with references).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Rarely blizь. -
16 blizъkъ
blizъ I; blizъkъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `near, close'Page in Trubačev: II 121-122Church Slavic:Russian:blízyj (dial.) `short-sighted' [adj o];blízkij `near, close' [adj o]Ukrainian:blýz'kyj `near, close' [adj o]Czech:blizý (arch.) `near, close' [adj o];blíkzý `near, close' [adj o]Slovak:blízky `near, close' [adj o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:blȋz `near, close' [adj o];blȉzak `near, close' [adj o]Slovene:blízǝk `near, close' [adj o], blízka [Nomsf]Bulgarian:blízăk `near, close' [adj o]Lithuanian:bláižyti `tear off, shell' [verb]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰl(e)iǵ-o-Page in Pokorny: 161Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} As an adjective, blizъ is exclusively attested in Croatian Church Slavic manuscripts from the 14th century. -
17 krǫtъ
krǫtъ Grammatical information: adj. oPage in Trubačev: XIII 33-35Church Slavic:krǫtъ `winding' [adj o]Russian:krutój `steep, severe' [adj o]Czech:krutý `cruel, severe' [adj o]Slovak:krutý `cruel, severe' [adj o]Polish:kręty `winding, crooked' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:krȗt `hard, coarse, cruel, severe' [adj o]Slovene:krǫ̑t `fierce' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: kront-o-Page in Pokorny: 584 -
18 mara
mara Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `ghost, apparition'Page in Trubačev: XVII 204-207 \{1\}Church Slavic:Russian:mára, mará `apparition, mirage;(dial.) house-sprite, evil spirit' [f ā]Belorussian:mará, mára `dream, apparition, nightmare;(dial.) `witch, demon' [f ā]Ukrainian:mará `apparition, ghost, witch' [f ā]Slovak:Polish:mara `dream, illusion, ghost, (dial.) nightly spirit that attacks people and horses in their sleep' [f ā]Slovincian:Upper Sorbian:Bulgarian:Mára `name of a fairy-tale monster' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-reh₂Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 693Comments: There are basically two views on the origin of *mara. According to a hypothesis put forward by Franck (1904: 129) and advocated by a.o. Schuster-Šewc (885ff), *mara continues PIE *mōrā and differs from *mora only in having lengthened grade. The alternative etymology, which can at least be traced to Zubatý 1894, connects *mara with the root ma- < *meh₂- of majati, mamъ etc. Though it seems at a first glance unsatisfactory to separate *mara from *mora - in Polish, for instance, mara and mora are synonymous -, it is awkward that in most Slavic languages both apophonic variants would occur side by side. Perhaps we have to start from *mara `illusion, apparition' beside *mora `female demon that tortures people with nightmares', which later became confused. This scenario may also offer an explanation for the fact that the accentual paradigm of both words is so hard to determine. We would expect *màra (a) - in view of Hirt's law - beside *morà (b) or (c). Nevertheless we find forms like Ru. móra and mará (beside mára). I think that in this respect, too, we have to reckon with analogy. -
19 sernъ
sérnъ; sérn̨ь Grammatical information: m. o; m jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `hoarfrost, crust of ice'Church Slavic:srěnъ `white, greyish white (horses)' [adj o]Russian:serën (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [f i]Ukrainian:serén `frozen hard snow' [m o]Czech:střín (dial.) `ice on branches' [m o];stříň (dial.) `ice on branches' [f i/jā]Slovak:srieň `hoarfrost' [m jo]Polish:Slovene:srẹ̑n `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o];srẹ̑nj `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: śer(s)nosLithuanian:Latvian:sę̄rsna `hoarfrost' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: ḱer(H)-no-mOther cognates:Arm. saṙn `ice'Notes:\{1\} Older spellings śron, śrzon. -
20 sern̨ь
sérnъ; sérn̨ь Grammatical information: m. o; m jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `hoarfrost, crust of ice'Church Slavic:srěnъ `white, greyish white (horses)' [adj o]Russian:serën (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [f i]Ukrainian:serén `frozen hard snow' [m o]Czech:střín (dial.) `ice on branches' [m o];stříň (dial.) `ice on branches' [f i/jā]Slovak:srieň `hoarfrost' [m jo]Polish:Slovene:srẹ̑n `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o];srẹ̑nj `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: śer(s)nosLithuanian:Latvian:sę̄rsna `hoarfrost' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: ḱer(H)-no-mOther cognates:Arm. saṙn `ice'Notes:\{1\} Older spellings śron, śrzon.
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