to+be+connected+with

fīnĭtĭmus or fīnĭtŭmus, a, um, adj. [finis; cf. maritimus], bordering upon, adjoining, neighboring (class.; syn.: vicinus, confinis, conterminus, contiguus, continens).

Lit.

Adj.

With dat.:

sumus enim finitimi Atinatibus,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

Galli Belgis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 3:

homines bellicosi locis patentibus,

id. ib. 1, 10, 2: regnum Ariobarzanis vestris vectigalibus, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 2, 5:

aër mari,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

latus Boreae,

i. e. bordering upon the north, northern, Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—

Absol.:

Romanos ea loca finitimae provinciae adjungere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 2 fin.:

Marsi,

Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

bellum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 111:

civitates,

Liv. 1, 32, 2.—

Subst.: fīnĭtĭmi, ōrum, m., neighbors:

bella cum finitimis felicissime multa gessit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9; cf.:

finitimi ac vicini,

id. Sull. 20, 58; id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; 1, 5, 4; 2, 16, 2 et saep. —

Trop., bordering upon, adjoining, nearly related, like.

With dat.:

unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut audacia, quae fidentiae finitima est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. id. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

metus aegritudini,

id. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:

falsa veris,

closely allied, id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

deterrimum genus optimo,

id. Rep. 1, 42:

consensus principum administrationi,

id. ib. 1, 28:

poëta oratori,

id. de Or. 1. 16, 70; cf.:

historia huic generi,

id. Or. 20, 66:

Autronii nomen finitimum maxime est hujus periculo et crimini,

is very closely connected with, id. Sull. 25, 71.—

Absol.:

illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas,

id. Brut. 42, 156:

finitimum malum,

id. Rep. 1, 28.

fīnĭtĭmus or fīnĭtŭmus, a, um, adj. [finis; cf. maritimus], bordering upon, adjoining, neighboring (class.; syn.: vicinus, confinis, conterminus, contiguus, continens).

Lit.

Adj.

With dat.:

sumus enim finitimi Atinatibus,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

Galli Belgis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 3:

homines bellicosi locis patentibus,

id. ib. 1, 10, 2: regnum Ariobarzanis vestris vectigalibus, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 2, 5:

aër mari,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

latus Boreae,

i. e. bordering upon the north, northern, Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—

Absol.:

Romanos ea loca finitimae provinciae adjungere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 2 fin.:

Marsi,

Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

bellum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 111:

civitates,

Liv. 1, 32, 2.—

Subst.: fīnĭtĭmi, ōrum, m., neighbors:

bella cum finitimis felicissime multa gessit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9; cf.:

finitimi ac vicini,

id. Sull. 20, 58; id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; 1, 5, 4; 2, 16, 2 et saep. —

Trop., bordering upon, adjoining, nearly related, like.

With dat.:

unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut audacia, quae fidentiae finitima est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. id. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

metus aegritudini,

id. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:

falsa veris,

closely allied, id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

deterrimum genus optimo,

id. Rep. 1, 42:

consensus principum administrationi,

id. ib. 1, 28:

poëta oratori,

id. de Or. 1. 16, 70; cf.:

historia huic generi,

id. Or. 20, 66:

Autronii nomen finitimum maxime est hujus periculo et crimini,

is very closely connected with, id. Sull. 25, 71.—

Absol.:

illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas,

id. Brut. 42, 156:

finitimum malum,

id. Rep. 1, 28.

fīnĭtĭmus or fīnĭtŭmus, a, um, adj. [finis; cf. maritimus], bordering upon, adjoining, neighboring (class.; syn.: vicinus, confinis, conterminus, contiguus, continens).

Lit.

Adj.

With dat.:

sumus enim finitimi Atinatibus,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

Galli Belgis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 3:

homines bellicosi locis patentibus,

id. ib. 1, 10, 2: regnum Ariobarzanis vestris vectigalibus, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 2, 5:

aër mari,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

latus Boreae,

i. e. bordering upon the north, northern, Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—

Absol.:

Romanos ea loca finitimae provinciae adjungere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 2 fin.:

Marsi,

Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

bellum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 111:

civitates,

Liv. 1, 32, 2.—

Subst.: fīnĭtĭmi, ōrum, m., neighbors:

bella cum finitimis felicissime multa gessit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9; cf.:

finitimi ac vicini,

id. Sull. 20, 58; id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; 1, 5, 4; 2, 16, 2 et saep. —

Trop., bordering upon, adjoining, nearly related, like.

With dat.:

unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut audacia, quae fidentiae finitima est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. id. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

metus aegritudini,

id. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:

falsa veris,

closely allied, id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

deterrimum genus optimo,

id. Rep. 1, 42:

consensus principum administrationi,

id. ib. 1, 28:

poëta oratori,

id. de Or. 1. 16, 70; cf.:

historia huic generi,

id. Or. 20, 66:

Autronii nomen finitimum maxime est hujus periculo et crimini,

is very closely connected with, id. Sull. 25, 71.—

Absol.:

illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas,

id. Brut. 42, 156:

finitimum malum,

id. Rep. 1, 28.

fŏras, adv. [acc. form like alias, alteras, utrasque; while foris is an abl. form; both from an obsol. nom. fora; Sanscr. dvār; Gr. thura; O. H. Germ. tor; Engl. door], out through the doors, out of doors, forth, out (class.):

crepuit foris: Amphitruo exit foras,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 35; cf.:

exeundum hercle tibi hinc est foras,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 1:

i foras, mulier,

id. Cas. 2, 2, 36:

quid tu foras egressa es?

id. Am. 5, 1, 28; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 38:

foras aedibus me eici?

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 1; cf.: homo hercle hinc exclusu'st foras, [p. 767] id. ib. 3, 3, 6:

anum foras extrudit,

id. Aul. prol. 38; id. Cas. 4, 1, 10:

te huc foras seduxi, Ut, etc.,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

sese portā foras universi proripiunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 1:

portis se foras erumpunt,

id. ib. 2, 14, 1:

fer cineres, Amarylli, foras,

Verg. E. 8, 101:

filium foras mittere ad cenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65:

quae (urbs) laetari mihi videtur, quod tantam pestem evomuerit forasque projecerit,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

vides, tuum peccatum esse elatum foras,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 65; cf.:

domus, in qua nihil geratur, quod foras perferendum sit,

Cic. Cael. 23, 57; and:

efferri hoc foras et ad populi Romani aures pervenire,

id. Phil. 10, 3, 6; cf. Lucr. 3, 123:

si (animus) eminebit foras, et ea quae extra sunt contemplans, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 26; cf.: justitia foras spectat et projecta tota est atque eminet, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 373, 25 (Rep. 3, 7 ed. Mos.): (scripta) foras dare, to spread abroad, publish, = edere, proferre, id. Att. 13, 22, 3:

vendere,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 66:

locitare agellum,

to strangers, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

uxor, vade foras, aut moribus utere nostris,

i. e. leave the house, separale from me, Mart. 11, 104, 1.—

Connected with a noun:

ite hac simul heri damnigeruli, foras gerones, Bonorum hamaxagogae,

carriers out, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 1.—

Post-class. with gen., or like a preposition with the acc.: ea namque tabes, si foras corporis prospiravit, out of the body, ektos tou sômatos, App. Mag. p. 306, 11:

extra urbem et foras portam,

outside of, without, Hier. in Matt. 27, 33; so,

foras exteriorem partem,

Vulg. Ezech. 47, 2:

usque foras civitatem,

id. Act. 21, 5.—

For foris, abroad:

foras cenare,

Petr. 30.

lŏcus (old form stlocus, like stlis for lis, Quint. 1, 4, 16), i, m. ( lŏcum, i, n., Inscr. ap. Grut. 129, 14; plur. loci, single places; loca, places connected with each other, a region; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 666 sq., and v. infra), a place, spot.

Lit.

In gen.:

adsedistis in festivo loco,

i. e. the theatre, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 83:

locum sibi velle liberum praeberier, ubi nequam faciat clam,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 3, 44; cf.

3, 2, 25: omnes copias in unum locum convenire,

Cic. Att. 8, 16, 2:

Galli qui ea loca incolerent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

locorum situm naturam regionis nosse,

Liv. 22, 38:

Romae per omnes locos,

Sall. J. 32:

facere alicui locum in turba,

Ov. A. A. 2, 210:

ex loco superiore agere, of an orator speaking from the rostra, or of a judge pronouncing judgment: de loco superiore dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

ex aequo loco, of one speaking in the Senate or conversing with another: et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

ex inferiore loco,

to speak before a judge, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: primus locus aedium, a dwelling on the ground-floor, Nep. praef. 6.— A post, position: loco movere, to drive from a place or post, Ter. Phorm. prol. 32; so,

loco deicere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

loco cedere,

to give way, abandon one's post, retire, Sall. C. 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 15.—

In partic.

A place, seat, in the theatre, the circus, or the forum:

Servi ne obsideant, liberis ut sit locus,

room, seats, Plaut. Cas. prol. 23.—

Esp. the place assigned by the Senate to foreign ambassadors: locum ad spectandum dare,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73; 34, 72; so Liv. 30, 17. — Plur. loca, Liv. 34, 44, 5; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Suet. Claud. 21; id. Ner. 11; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21.—But plur. loci, Tac. A. 15, 32.—

So of the lodging, quarters, place of abode assigned to foreign ambassadors for their residence:

locus inde lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

Liv. 28, 39, 19; 30, 17, 14; 42, 26, 5; Symm. Ep. 4, 56; Sid. Ep. 8, 12:

loca lautia,

App. M. 3, p. 140, 30.—

A piece or part of an estate:

stricte loquendo locus non est fundus sed pars aliqua fundi,

Dig. 50, 16, 60:

locus certus ex fundo possideri potest,

ib. 41, 2, 26.—

A place, spot, locality; a country region: hau longe abesse oportet homines hinc;

ita hic lepidust locus,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35:

nunc hoc ubi abstrudam cogito solum locum,

id. Aul. 4, 6, 7:

non hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10; Verg. A. 1, 530; Caes. B. G. 5, 12.— Poet. of the inhabitants of a place, a neighborhood:

numina vicinorum odit uterque locus,

Juv. 15, 37.—Of a place where a city once stood, a site:

locus Pherae,

Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 13:

locus Buprasium, Hyrmine,

id. ib.; cf. Ov. F. 2, 280.— Plur. rarely loci:

quos locos adiisti,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

locos tenere,

Liv. 5, 35, 1:

occupare,

Sall. J. 18, 4; 76, 1; Lucr. 4, 509; Verg. A. 1, 306; 2, 28; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 22; Tac. A. 1, 61; 13, 36; Suet. Tib. 43.—Usually loca:

loca haec circiter,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 8:

venisse in illa loca,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5; id. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sq.; Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 1, 373; 2, 146; Cat. 9, 7; 63, 3; Sall. J. 18, 11; 54, 3; Verg. G. 2, 140; id. A. 1, 51; 2, 495; Hor. C. 1, 22, 7; Tib. 4, 1, 97; Ov. M. 10, 29; Liv. 1, 1, 5; 1, 5, 2; 1, 6, 4 et saep.—

In war [p. 1075] or battle, a post, station (plur. loca):

tum loca sorte legunt,

Verg. A. 5, 132:

loca jussa tenere,

id. ib. 10, 238:

loca servare,

Amm. 25, 6, 14.—

Loci and loca, of parts of the body:

loci nervosi,

Cels. 5, 26, 26.—Esp.:

muliebres,

Varr. L. L. 5, 2, 15; and without adj., in females, the womb:

si ea lotio locos fovebit,

Cato, R. R. 157, 11:

cum in locis semen insederit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51; Cels. 2, 8. —Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 10.—Of birds, Col. 8, 11, 8; Lucr. 14, 1246; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17:

genitalia,

Col. 7, 7, 4; cf. id. 8, 7, 2; 8, 11, 8;

in males,

Lucr. 4, 1034; 4, 1045.—

Communis locus,

The place of the dead:

qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 19.—

A public place:

Sthenius... qui oppidum non maximum maximis ex pecunia sua locis communibus monumentisque decoravit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112.—

A burial-place, grave; very freq. in epitaphs; v. Inscr. Orell. 8; 4499; 4500 sq.

Trop.

A topic of discussion or thought; a matter, subject, point, head or division of a subject.

In gen.:

cum fundamentum esset philosophiae positum in finibus bonorum, perpurgatus est is locus a nobis quinque libris,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 2:

Theophrastus cum tractat locos ab Aristotele ante tractatos,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

hic locus, de natura usuque verborum,

id. Or. 48, 162:

philosophiae noti et tractati loci,

id. ib. 33, 118:

ex quattuor locis in quos honesti naturam vimque divisimus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Inv. 2, 3, 11; 2, 5, 16; 2, 8, 26 et saep.; Quint. 2, 4, 27; 2, 11, 6; 5, 8, 4; Juv. 6, 245; Tac. Or. 31.—

Esp.: loci, the grounds of proof, the points on which proofs are founded or from which they are deduced:

cum pervestigare argumentum aliquod volumus, locos nosse debemus,

Cic. Top. 2, 7; id. de Or. 1, 13, 56; 3, 55, 210:

traditi sunt ex quibus argumenta ducantur duplices loci,

id. Or. 35; so sing.:

itaque licet definire, locum esse argumenti sedem,

id. Top. 2.—

Esp.: loci communes, general arguments, which do not grow out of the particular facts of a case, but are applicable to any class of cases:

pars (argumentorum) est pervagatior et aut in omnis ejusdem generis aut in plerasque causas adcommodata: haec ergo argumenta, quae transferri in multas causas possunt, locos communis nominamus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 47 sq.; cf. the passage at length; id. ib. 2, 16, 50 sq.; 2, 18, 56; Auct. Her. 3, 8, 15; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 3, 1, 12; 5, 1, 3; 5, 13, 57 al.— Sing.:

vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa, nisi aliquo proprio quaestionis vinculo copulatus,

Quint. 2, 4, 30:

locus, for communis locus,

id. 4, 2, 117; 5, 7, 32.—

A passage in a book or author; plur. loci (Zumpt, Gram. §

99): locos quosdam transferam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22:

locos Lucreti plurimos sectare,

Gell. 1, 21, 7;

but rarely loca: loca jam recitata,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8.—

Room, opportunity, cause, occasion, place, time, etc., for any thing:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6:

avaritia paululum aliquid loci rationi et consilio dedisset,

Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

de tuo in me animo iniquis secus existimandi videris nonnihil dedisse loci,

to have given occasion, cause, reason, id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

dare suspicioni locum,

id. Cael. 4, 9:

dare locum dubitationis,

id. Balb. 6, 16; Val. Fl. 4, 451: locum habere, to find a place:

qui dolorem summum malum dicit, apud eum, quem locum habet fortitudo?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hoc altero dicacitatis quid habet ars loci?

id. de Or. 2, 54, 219; so,

locus est alicui rei: legi Aquiliae locus est adversus te,

Dig. 9, 2, 27; cf.:

huic edicto locus est,

ib. 37, 10, 6; cf.:

meritis vacat hic tibi locus,

Verg. A. 11, 179:

cum defendendi negandive non est locus,

Quint. 5, 13, 8:

quaerendi,

id. 3, 8, 21.—Also in the sense of there is place for any thing, it finds acceptance:

in poëtis non Homero soli locus est aut Archilocho, etc.,

Cic. Or. 1, 4:

si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini nisi, etc.,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

maledicto nihil loci est,

id. Mur. 5, 12: locum non relinquere, to leave no room for, not to admit, to exclude:

vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit,

id. Quint. 15, 49; so,

nec precibus nostris nec admonitionibus relinquit locum,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 2: nancisci locum, to find occasion:

nactus locum resecandae libidinis,

id. Att. 1, 18, 2:

valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

id. ib. 9, 7, 6.—

In aliquo loco esse, to be in any place, position, situation, condition, state, relation:

si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam, etc.,

position, place, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 116:

tanta ibi copia venustatum aderat, in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 8:

in uxoris loco habere,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 52:

in liberūm loco esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Brut. 1, 1; but more freq. without in:

is si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

eodem loco esse,

Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2; 7, 14, 6.—Esp. with a gen.:

parentis loco esse,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

hostium loco esse,

Liv. 2, 4, 7:

fratris loco esse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 3, 1; 7, 3, 6; Quint. 6, 1, 7:

nec vero hic locus est, ut, etc.,

not the proper occasion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.— Hence, loco or in loco, at the right place or time, seasonably, suitably:

posuisti loco versus Attianos,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

epistolae non in loco redditae,

id. ib. 11, 16, 1:

dulce est desipere in loco,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 28; so,

locis: non insurgit locis? non figuris gaudet?

Quint. 12, 10, 23:

quo res summa loco?

in what condition? Verg. A. 2, 322:

quo sit fortuna loco,

id. ib. 9, 723:

quo sit Romana loco res,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 25:

quo tua sit fortuna loco,

Stat. Th. 7, 558:

missis nuntiis, quo loco res essent,

Liv. 2, 47, 5:

primo loco,

in the first place, first in order, Juv. 5, 12.—Freq. as a partit. gen.:

quo loci for quo loco,

Cic. Att. 8, 10; id. Div. 2, 66:

eo loci for eo loco,

id. Sest. 31, 68; Tac. A. 15, 74:

eodem loci,

Suet. Calig. 53:

ubi loci,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 26:

ibidem loci,

id. Cist. 3, 1, 53:

interea loci for interea,

meanwhile, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 46:

postea loci,

after that, afterwards, Sall. J. 102:

ubicumque locorum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 34:

adhuc locorum,

hitherto, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 25:

ad id locorum,

to that time, till then, hitherto, Sall. J. 63, 6; 73, 2; Liv. 22, 38, 12:

post id locorum,

after that, thereupon, Plaut. Cas. 1, 32:

inde loci,

since then, Lucr. 5, 437.—

Place, position, degree, rank, order, office, of persons or things:

summus locus civitatis,

Cic. Clu. 55, 150:

tua dignitas suum locum obtinebit,

id. Fam. 3, 9, 2:

quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem obtinuisti?

id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

res erat et causa nostra eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

Socrates voluptatem nullo loco numerat,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

codem loco habere, quo, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 6; 7, 77, 3; id. B. C. 1, 84, 2:

indignantes eodem se loco esse, quo, etc.,

Liv. 42, 37, 8:

sed esto, neque melius quod invenimus esse, neque par, est certe proximus locus,

Quint. 10, 5, 6:

erat ordine proximus locus,

id. 7, 3, 36:

humili loco,

id. 4, 2, 2.— Plur. loca:

ut patricii recuperarent duo consularia loca,

Liv. 10, 15, 8:

quinque augurum loca,

id. 10, 8, 3; 42, 34, 15:

omnia loca obtinuere, ne cui plebeio aditus esset,

id. 4, 57, 11; Tac. A. 2, 55:

Vesta loca prima tenet,

Ov. F. 6, 304.—Esp. of birth:

infimo loco natus,

Cic. Fl. 11, 24:

esse summo loco natus,

id. Planc. 25, 60:

Tanaquil summo loco nata,

Liv. 1, 34.—

Loco, adverbially, in the place of, instead of, for:

criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6:

haec filium suum sibi praemii loco deposcit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144.

lŏcus (old form stlocus, like stlis for lis, Quint. 1, 4, 16), i, m. ( lŏcum, i, n., Inscr. ap. Grut. 129, 14; plur. loci, single places; loca, places connected with each other, a region; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 666 sq., and v. infra), a place, spot.

Lit.

In gen.:

adsedistis in festivo loco,

i. e. the theatre, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 83:

locum sibi velle liberum praeberier, ubi nequam faciat clam,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 3, 44; cf.

3, 2, 25: omnes copias in unum locum convenire,

Cic. Att. 8, 16, 2:

Galli qui ea loca incolerent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

locorum situm naturam regionis nosse,

Liv. 22, 38:

Romae per omnes locos,

Sall. J. 32:

facere alicui locum in turba,

Ov. A. A. 2, 210:

ex loco superiore agere, of an orator speaking from the rostra, or of a judge pronouncing judgment: de loco superiore dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

ex aequo loco, of one speaking in the Senate or conversing with another: et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

ex inferiore loco,

to speak before a judge, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: primus locus aedium, a dwelling on the ground-floor, Nep. praef. 6.— A post, position: loco movere, to drive from a place or post, Ter. Phorm. prol. 32; so,

loco deicere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

loco cedere,

to give way, abandon one's post, retire, Sall. C. 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 15.—

In partic.

A place, seat, in the theatre, the circus, or the forum:

Servi ne obsideant, liberis ut sit locus,

room, seats, Plaut. Cas. prol. 23.—

Esp. the place assigned by the Senate to foreign ambassadors: locum ad spectandum dare,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73; 34, 72; so Liv. 30, 17. — Plur. loca, Liv. 34, 44, 5; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Suet. Claud. 21; id. Ner. 11; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21.—But plur. loci, Tac. A. 15, 32.—

So of the lodging, quarters, place of abode assigned to foreign ambassadors for their residence:

locus inde lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

Liv. 28, 39, 19; 30, 17, 14; 42, 26, 5; Symm. Ep. 4, 56; Sid. Ep. 8, 12:

loca lautia,

App. M. 3, p. 140, 30.—

A piece or part of an estate:

stricte loquendo locus non est fundus sed pars aliqua fundi,

Dig. 50, 16, 60:

locus certus ex fundo possideri potest,

ib. 41, 2, 26.—

A place, spot, locality; a country region: hau longe abesse oportet homines hinc;

ita hic lepidust locus,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35:

nunc hoc ubi abstrudam cogito solum locum,

id. Aul. 4, 6, 7:

non hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10; Verg. A. 1, 530; Caes. B. G. 5, 12.— Poet. of the inhabitants of a place, a neighborhood:

numina vicinorum odit uterque locus,

Juv. 15, 37.—Of a place where a city once stood, a site:

locus Pherae,

Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 13:

locus Buprasium, Hyrmine,

id. ib.; cf. Ov. F. 2, 280.— Plur. rarely loci:

quos locos adiisti,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

locos tenere,

Liv. 5, 35, 1:

occupare,

Sall. J. 18, 4; 76, 1; Lucr. 4, 509; Verg. A. 1, 306; 2, 28; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 22; Tac. A. 1, 61; 13, 36; Suet. Tib. 43.—Usually loca:

loca haec circiter,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 8:

venisse in illa loca,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5; id. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sq.; Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 1, 373; 2, 146; Cat. 9, 7; 63, 3; Sall. J. 18, 11; 54, 3; Verg. G. 2, 140; id. A. 1, 51; 2, 495; Hor. C. 1, 22, 7; Tib. 4, 1, 97; Ov. M. 10, 29; Liv. 1, 1, 5; 1, 5, 2; 1, 6, 4 et saep.—

In war [p. 1075] or battle, a post, station (plur. loca):

tum loca sorte legunt,

Verg. A. 5, 132:

loca jussa tenere,

id. ib. 10, 238:

loca servare,

Amm. 25, 6, 14.—

Loci and loca, of parts of the body:

loci nervosi,

Cels. 5, 26, 26.—Esp.:

muliebres,

Varr. L. L. 5, 2, 15; and without adj., in females, the womb:

si ea lotio locos fovebit,

Cato, R. R. 157, 11:

cum in locis semen insederit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51; Cels. 2, 8. —Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 10.—Of birds, Col. 8, 11, 8; Lucr. 14, 1246; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17:

genitalia,

Col. 7, 7, 4; cf. id. 8, 7, 2; 8, 11, 8;

in males,

Lucr. 4, 1034; 4, 1045.—

Communis locus,

The place of the dead:

qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 19.—

A public place:

Sthenius... qui oppidum non maximum maximis ex pecunia sua locis communibus monumentisque decoravit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112.—

A burial-place, grave; very freq. in epitaphs; v. Inscr. Orell. 8; 4499; 4500 sq.

Trop.

A topic of discussion or thought; a matter, subject, point, head or division of a subject.

In gen.:

cum fundamentum esset philosophiae positum in finibus bonorum, perpurgatus est is locus a nobis quinque libris,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 2:

Theophrastus cum tractat locos ab Aristotele ante tractatos,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

hic locus, de natura usuque verborum,

id. Or. 48, 162:

philosophiae noti et tractati loci,

id. ib. 33, 118:

ex quattuor locis in quos honesti naturam vimque divisimus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Inv. 2, 3, 11; 2, 5, 16; 2, 8, 26 et saep.; Quint. 2, 4, 27; 2, 11, 6; 5, 8, 4; Juv. 6, 245; Tac. Or. 31.—

Esp.: loci, the grounds of proof, the points on which proofs are founded or from which they are deduced:

cum pervestigare argumentum aliquod volumus, locos nosse debemus,

Cic. Top. 2, 7; id. de Or. 1, 13, 56; 3, 55, 210:

traditi sunt ex quibus argumenta ducantur duplices loci,

id. Or. 35; so sing.:

itaque licet definire, locum esse argumenti sedem,

id. Top. 2.—

Esp.: loci communes, general arguments, which do not grow out of the particular facts of a case, but are applicable to any class of cases:

pars (argumentorum) est pervagatior et aut in omnis ejusdem generis aut in plerasque causas adcommodata: haec ergo argumenta, quae transferri in multas causas possunt, locos communis nominamus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 47 sq.; cf. the passage at length; id. ib. 2, 16, 50 sq.; 2, 18, 56; Auct. Her. 3, 8, 15; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 3, 1, 12; 5, 1, 3; 5, 13, 57 al.— Sing.:

vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa, nisi aliquo proprio quaestionis vinculo copulatus,

Quint. 2, 4, 30:

locus, for communis locus,

id. 4, 2, 117; 5, 7, 32.—

A passage in a book or author; plur. loci (Zumpt, Gram. §

99): locos quosdam transferam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22:

locos Lucreti plurimos sectare,

Gell. 1, 21, 7;

but rarely loca: loca jam recitata,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8.—

Room, opportunity, cause, occasion, place, time, etc., for any thing:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6:

avaritia paululum aliquid loci rationi et consilio dedisset,

Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

de tuo in me animo iniquis secus existimandi videris nonnihil dedisse loci,

to have given occasion, cause, reason, id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

dare suspicioni locum,

id. Cael. 4, 9:

dare locum dubitationis,

id. Balb. 6, 16; Val. Fl. 4, 451: locum habere, to find a place:

qui dolorem summum malum dicit, apud eum, quem locum habet fortitudo?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hoc altero dicacitatis quid habet ars loci?

id. de Or. 2, 54, 219; so,

locus est alicui rei: legi Aquiliae locus est adversus te,

Dig. 9, 2, 27; cf.:

huic edicto locus est,

ib. 37, 10, 6; cf.:

meritis vacat hic tibi locus,

Verg. A. 11, 179:

cum defendendi negandive non est locus,

Quint. 5, 13, 8:

quaerendi,

id. 3, 8, 21.—Also in the sense of there is place for any thing, it finds acceptance:

in poëtis non Homero soli locus est aut Archilocho, etc.,

Cic. Or. 1, 4:

si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini nisi, etc.,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

maledicto nihil loci est,

id. Mur. 5, 12: locum non relinquere, to leave no room for, not to admit, to exclude:

vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit,

id. Quint. 15, 49; so,

nec precibus nostris nec admonitionibus relinquit locum,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 2: nancisci locum, to find occasion:

nactus locum resecandae libidinis,

id. Att. 1, 18, 2:

valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

id. ib. 9, 7, 6.—

In aliquo loco esse, to be in any place, position, situation, condition, state, relation:

si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam, etc.,

position, place, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 116:

tanta ibi copia venustatum aderat, in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 8:

in uxoris loco habere,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 52:

in liberūm loco esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Brut. 1, 1; but more freq. without in:

is si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

eodem loco esse,

Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2; 7, 14, 6.—Esp. with a gen.:

parentis loco esse,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

hostium loco esse,

Liv. 2, 4, 7:

fratris loco esse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 3, 1; 7, 3, 6; Quint. 6, 1, 7:

nec vero hic locus est, ut, etc.,

not the proper occasion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.— Hence, loco or in loco, at the right place or time, seasonably, suitably:

posuisti loco versus Attianos,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

epistolae non in loco redditae,

id. ib. 11, 16, 1:

dulce est desipere in loco,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 28; so,

locis: non insurgit locis? non figuris gaudet?

Quint. 12, 10, 23:

quo res summa loco?

in what condition? Verg. A. 2, 322:

quo sit fortuna loco,

id. ib. 9, 723:

quo sit Romana loco res,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 25:

quo tua sit fortuna loco,

Stat. Th. 7, 558:

missis nuntiis, quo loco res essent,

Liv. 2, 47, 5:

primo loco,

in the first place, first in order, Juv. 5, 12.—Freq. as a partit. gen.:

quo loci for quo loco,

Cic. Att. 8, 10; id. Div. 2, 66:

eo loci for eo loco,

id. Sest. 31, 68; Tac. A. 15, 74:

eodem loci,

Suet. Calig. 53:

ubi loci,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 26:

ibidem loci,

id. Cist. 3, 1, 53:

interea loci for interea,

meanwhile, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 46:

postea loci,

after that, afterwards, Sall. J. 102:

ubicumque locorum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 34:

adhuc locorum,

hitherto, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 25:

ad id locorum,

to that time, till then, hitherto, Sall. J. 63, 6; 73, 2; Liv. 22, 38, 12:

post id locorum,

after that, thereupon, Plaut. Cas. 1, 32:

inde loci,

since then, Lucr. 5, 437.—

Place, position, degree, rank, order, office, of persons or things:

summus locus civitatis,

Cic. Clu. 55, 150:

tua dignitas suum locum obtinebit,

id. Fam. 3, 9, 2:

quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem obtinuisti?

id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

res erat et causa nostra eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

Socrates voluptatem nullo loco numerat,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

codem loco habere, quo, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 6; 7, 77, 3; id. B. C. 1, 84, 2:

indignantes eodem se loco esse, quo, etc.,

Liv. 42, 37, 8:

sed esto, neque melius quod invenimus esse, neque par, est certe proximus locus,

Quint. 10, 5, 6:

erat ordine proximus locus,

id. 7, 3, 36:

humili loco,

id. 4, 2, 2.— Plur. loca:

ut patricii recuperarent duo consularia loca,

Liv. 10, 15, 8:

quinque augurum loca,

id. 10, 8, 3; 42, 34, 15:

omnia loca obtinuere, ne cui plebeio aditus esset,

id. 4, 57, 11; Tac. A. 2, 55:

Vesta loca prima tenet,

Ov. F. 6, 304.—Esp. of birth:

infimo loco natus,

Cic. Fl. 11, 24:

esse summo loco natus,

id. Planc. 25, 60:

Tanaquil summo loco nata,

Liv. 1, 34.—

Loco, adverbially, in the place of, instead of, for:

criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6:

haec filium suum sibi praemii loco deposcit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144.

nervus, i, m. [root snar-; Old Germ. snara, a snare; Gr. neuron; cf. parvus and pauros], a sinew, tendon, nerve.

Lit.:

his adde nervos, a quibus artus continentur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 139:

hoc nervos confirmari putant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20:

nervus qui platys appellatur,

Plin. 26, 8, 58, § 90:

hic primum nervos et venas expressit (of Pythagoras the painter),

id. 34, 8, 19, § 59:

nervorum contractio,

Sen. Ep. 66, 40: nervi quos tenontas Graeci appellant, Cels. 8, 1:

condamus alter alterum in nervum bracchialem,

let us embrace, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 99.—

Transf.

I. q. membrum virile, Hor. Epod. 12, 19; Juv. 10, 205; 9, 35; pl. nervi, Petr. 131, §§ 4 and 6.—

A string of a musical instrument:

omnes voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

cotidiano cantu vocum et nervorum et tibiarum tota vicinitas personat,

id. Rosc. Am. 46, 134; Verg. A. 9, 776; Hor. C. 3, 11, 4.—

A bowstring: reciproca tendens nervo equino concita tela, Att. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 80 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.): nervoque obversus equino Contendit telum, Verg. A. 9, 622:

nervo aptare sagittas,

id. ib. 10, 131:

erumpit nervo pulsante sagitta,

id. G. 4, 313; so Val. Fl. 6, 376; 1, 437; Luc. 7, 141.—

A bow:

aliquem fallere nervo,

Val. Fl. 3, 182.—

The leather with which shields were covered:

scuta nervo firmata,

Tac. A. 2, 14; Sil. 4, 293.—

A thong with which a person was bound, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 11; Veg. Mil. 4, 9.—

The cords or wires by which a puppet is moved:

duceris ut nervis alienis mobile lignum,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 82.—

A fetter: nervum appellamus etiam ferreum vinculum, quo pedes impediuntur: quamquam Plautus eo etiam cervices vinciri ait: Perfidiose captus edepol nervo cervices probat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 165 Müll.: VINCITO AVT NERVO, AVT COMPEDIBVS, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1: in nervo atque compedibus aetatem agunt, Cato ap. Gell. 11, 18, 18; cf. Plaut. As. 3, 2, 5:

posuit in nervo pedes meos,

Vulg. Job, 33, 11.—

A prison:

in nervum aliquem rapere,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 45:

in nervo jacebis,

id. Curc. 5, 3, 40; cf. id. Capt. 3, 5, 71:

vereor ne istaec fortitudo in nervum erumpat denique,

will lay you by the heels, bring you into durance, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 10; 4, 4, 15:

eximere de nervo aliquem,

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

misit in nervum,

Vulg. Jer. 20, 2.—

Trop.

Nerve, vigor, force, power, strength:

digna res est ubi tu nervos intendas tuos,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20:

onus... dignum, in quo omnes nervos aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

omnibus nervis mihi contendendum est, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3, 56, §

130: opibus ac nervis ad perniciem suam uti,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20; Cic. Phil. 5, 12, 32:

nervi belli pecunia,

id. ib. 5, 2, 5:

vectigalia nervos esse rei publicae,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

legionum nervos incidere,

id. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

poëtae molliunt animos, nervos omnes virtutis elidunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 11, 27:

video, fore nervis opus sapientiāque tuā,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

loci inhaerentes in nervis causarum,

intimately connected with them, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106:

nervi conjurationis,

the leaders, Liv. 7, 39, 6.—

In partic., of expression, force, energy:

horum oratio neque nervos, neque aculeos oratorios ac forenses habet,

Cic. Or. 19, 62; cf. id. de Or. 3, 21, 80:

nervi in dicendo,

id. ib. 2, 22, 91:

sectantem levia nervi Deficiunt,

Hor. A. P. 26.

nĭ-sĭ (archaic forms nisei and nise, Lex Rubria, v. Ritschl, Legis Rubriae pars superstes, Bonnae, 1851, and Rhein. Mus. tom. 8, p. 448 sq.), conj., if not, unless.

In gen.:

quid tu malum curas, Utrum crudum an coctum-edim? nisi tu mihi es tutor,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

quod nisi esset, certe postea non discessisset,

Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

non posse ejus imperia diutius sustineri, nisi quid in Caesare sit auxilii,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Suet. Caes. 52.—

With interrogatives and negatives, usually in a different clause.

After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, only:

ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

hoc sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18:

etenim dicere nemo potest, nisi qui prudenter intellegit,

id. Brut. 6, 23:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes,

id. Planc. 33, 82; Ov. H. 2, 27:

negant enim quem quam esse virum bonum, nisi sapientem,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18.—

With a foll. negative:

sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non possit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338:

Labienus juravit, se, nisi victorem, in castra non reversurum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87.—

Closely connected with non (mostly post-Aug.):

legationis non nisi condemnato et ejecto eo, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

qui non nisi aput Germanias adsequi nomen imperatorium posset,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

ad quem non nisi per Sejanum aditus,

id. ib. 4, 68; 14, 63; 15, 1; Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 21; 41; Quint. 1, 5, 19; Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 4.—(The passages in which nisi was supposed to stand for nisi non or non nisi have been critically amended; v. Hand, Turs. 4, 253; Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 54, 5; Drakenb. and Weissenb. ad Liv. 34, 16, 1; Duker ad Flor. 1, 12, 18.)—

Esp.

After nihil, nihil aliud, etc., save, but, than:

nihil am plius nisi,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas,

id. Fam. 16, 6, 3:

erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 52; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13, id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108.—

Non aliter nisi, on no other condition:

non aliter neque classem revocaturum neque exercitum reducturum, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 45, 11, 11.—

Nisi si, except if, unless:

nisi si etiam illuc pervenerint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistulas scribere, nisi si qui ad me plura scripsit, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 1:

nisi vero si quis est qui,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 6. —

Nisi ut, except that, unless:

neque convivia inire ausus est, nisi ut speculatores cum lanceis circumstarent,

Suet. Claud. 35. —

Nisi quod, except that which, save only that:

nam nunc homines nihili faciunt quod licet nisi quod lubet,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 25:

cum Patrone Epicureo mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod in philosophiā vehementer ab eo dissentio,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2:

praedia me valde delectant, nisi quod me aere circum foraneo obruerunt,

id. Att. 2, 1, 11; id. Tusc. 3, 24, 58:

ab negotiis numquam voluptas remorata est, nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

Sall. J. 95, 3; Tac. A. 14, 14:

unde causa et origo peregrino sacro parum comperi, nisi quod signum ipsum... docet advectam religionem,

id. G. 9.—

Nisi quia, except because, i. e. until that at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, quod intellexi minus, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10.—

In transitions; also in the combinations nisi vero, nisi forte, nisi tamen, unless perhaps, etc., mostly ironical (cf. Gr. ei mê ara, ei mê ge, ektos ei mê):

nisi unum hoc faciam ut in puteo cenam coquant,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 3:

nisi forte volumus Epicureorum opinionem sequi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 16, 37:

nisi vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.,

id. Mil. 3, 8: ne requiras;

nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam debent requirere,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

Hostis nullus erat, nisi forte quem vos jussissetis,

Sall. J. 14, 10; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 569.

nĭ-sĭ (archaic forms nisei and nise, Lex Rubria, v. Ritschl, Legis Rubriae pars superstes, Bonnae, 1851, and Rhein. Mus. tom. 8, p. 448 sq.), conj., if not, unless.

In gen.:

quid tu malum curas, Utrum crudum an coctum-edim? nisi tu mihi es tutor,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

quod nisi esset, certe postea non discessisset,

Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

non posse ejus imperia diutius sustineri, nisi quid in Caesare sit auxilii,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Suet. Caes. 52.—

With interrogatives and negatives, usually in a different clause.

After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, only:

ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

hoc sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18:

etenim dicere nemo potest, nisi qui prudenter intellegit,

id. Brut. 6, 23:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes,

id. Planc. 33, 82; Ov. H. 2, 27:

negant enim quem quam esse virum bonum, nisi sapientem,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18.—

With a foll. negative:

sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non possit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338:

Labienus juravit, se, nisi victorem, in castra non reversurum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87.—

Closely connected with non (mostly post-Aug.):

legationis non nisi condemnato et ejecto eo, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

qui non nisi aput Germanias adsequi nomen imperatorium posset,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

ad quem non nisi per Sejanum aditus,

id. ib. 4, 68; 14, 63; 15, 1; Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 21; 41; Quint. 1, 5, 19; Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 4.—(The passages in which nisi was supposed to stand for nisi non or non nisi have been critically amended; v. Hand, Turs. 4, 253; Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 54, 5; Drakenb. and Weissenb. ad Liv. 34, 16, 1; Duker ad Flor. 1, 12, 18.)—

Esp.

After nihil, nihil aliud, etc., save, but, than:

nihil am plius nisi,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas,

id. Fam. 16, 6, 3:

erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 52; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13, id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108.—

Non aliter nisi, on no other condition:

non aliter neque classem revocaturum neque exercitum reducturum, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 45, 11, 11.—

Nisi si, except if, unless:

nisi si etiam illuc pervenerint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistulas scribere, nisi si qui ad me plura scripsit, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 1:

nisi vero si quis est qui,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 6. —

Nisi ut, except that, unless:

neque convivia inire ausus est, nisi ut speculatores cum lanceis circumstarent,

Suet. Claud. 35. —

Nisi quod, except that which, save only that:

nam nunc homines nihili faciunt quod licet nisi quod lubet,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 25:

cum Patrone Epicureo mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod in philosophiā vehementer ab eo dissentio,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2:

praedia me valde delectant, nisi quod me aere circum foraneo obruerunt,

id. Att. 2, 1, 11; id. Tusc. 3, 24, 58:

ab negotiis numquam voluptas remorata est, nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

Sall. J. 95, 3; Tac. A. 14, 14:

unde causa et origo peregrino sacro parum comperi, nisi quod signum ipsum... docet advectam religionem,

id. G. 9.—

Nisi quia, except because, i. e. until that at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, quod intellexi minus, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10.—

In transitions; also in the combinations nisi vero, nisi forte, nisi tamen, unless perhaps, etc., mostly ironical (cf. Gr. ei mê ara, ei mê ge, ektos ei mê):

nisi unum hoc faciam ut in puteo cenam coquant,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 3:

nisi forte volumus Epicureorum opinionem sequi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 16, 37:

nisi vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.,

id. Mil. 3, 8: ne requiras;

nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam debent requirere,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

Hostis nullus erat, nisi forte quem vos jussissetis,

Sall. J. 14, 10; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 569.

nĭ-sĭ (archaic forms nisei and nise, Lex Rubria, v. Ritschl, Legis Rubriae pars superstes, Bonnae, 1851, and Rhein. Mus. tom. 8, p. 448 sq.), conj., if not, unless.

In gen.:

quid tu malum curas, Utrum crudum an coctum-edim? nisi tu mihi es tutor,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

quod nisi esset, certe postea non discessisset,

Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

non posse ejus imperia diutius sustineri, nisi quid in Caesare sit auxilii,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Suet. Caes. 52.—

With interrogatives and negatives, usually in a different clause.

After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, only:

ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

hoc sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18:

etenim dicere nemo potest, nisi qui prudenter intellegit,

id. Brut. 6, 23:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes,

id. Planc. 33, 82; Ov. H. 2, 27:

negant enim quem quam esse virum bonum, nisi sapientem,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18.—

With a foll. negative:

sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non possit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338:

Labienus juravit, se, nisi victorem, in castra non reversurum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87.—

Closely connected with non (mostly post-Aug.):

legationis non nisi condemnato et ejecto eo, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

qui non nisi aput Germanias adsequi nomen imperatorium posset,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

ad quem non nisi per Sejanum aditus,

id. ib. 4, 68; 14, 63; 15, 1; Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 21; 41; Quint. 1, 5, 19; Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 4.—(The passages in which nisi was supposed to stand for nisi non or non nisi have been critically amended; v. Hand, Turs. 4, 253; Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 54, 5; Drakenb. and Weissenb. ad Liv. 34, 16, 1; Duker ad Flor. 1, 12, 18.)—

Esp.

After nihil, nihil aliud, etc., save, but, than:

nihil am plius nisi,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas,

id. Fam. 16, 6, 3:

erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 52; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13, id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108.—

Non aliter nisi, on no other condition:

non aliter neque classem revocaturum neque exercitum reducturum, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 45, 11, 11.—

Nisi si, except if, unless:

nisi si etiam illuc pervenerint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistulas scribere, nisi si qui ad me plura scripsit, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 1:

nisi vero si quis est qui,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 6. —

Nisi ut, except that, unless:

neque convivia inire ausus est, nisi ut speculatores cum lanceis circumstarent,

Suet. Claud. 35. —

Nisi quod, except that which, save only that:

nam nunc homines nihili faciunt quod licet nisi quod lubet,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 25:

cum Patrone Epicureo mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod in philosophiā vehementer ab eo dissentio,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2:

praedia me valde delectant, nisi quod me aere circum foraneo obruerunt,

id. Att. 2, 1, 11; id. Tusc. 3, 24, 58:

ab negotiis numquam voluptas remorata est, nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

Sall. J. 95, 3; Tac. A. 14, 14:

unde causa et origo peregrino sacro parum comperi, nisi quod signum ipsum... docet advectam religionem,

id. G. 9.—

Nisi quia, except because, i. e. until that at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, quod intellexi minus, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10.—

In transitions; also in the combinations nisi vero, nisi forte, nisi tamen, unless perhaps, etc., mostly ironical (cf. Gr. ei mê ara, ei mê ge, ektos ei mê):

nisi unum hoc faciam ut in puteo cenam coquant,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 3:

nisi forte volumus Epicureorum opinionem sequi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 16, 37:

nisi vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.,

id. Mil. 3, 8: ne requiras;

nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam debent requirere,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

Hostis nullus erat, nisi forte quem vos jussissetis,

Sall. J. 14, 10; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 569.

spĕcŭlum, i, n. [specio; hence, that in which one sees himself].

Lit., a looking-glass, mirror (usually made of polished metal):

speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf.:

speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem,

id. ib. 6, §

82: homines sibi habere speculum, ubi os contemplarent suom, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 2:

quid opu'st speculo tibi, quae tute speculo speculum es maximum?

id. Most. 1, 3, 94; cf. id. Men. 5, 9, 3:

speculi imago,

Lucr. 4, 279; cf. id. 4, 331:

speculis apparent simulacra,

id. 4, 98:

speculorum levitas,

Cic. Univ. 14:

quotiens te in speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6:

ut in speculo rugas aspexit aniles,

Ov. M. 15, 232:

se in speculo contemplari,

App. Mag. p. 283, 4:

cava specula,

id. ib. p. 284, 2 et saep.— On the material and use of mirrors, v. Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 128; 34, 17, 48, § 160; 37, 5, 16, § 64; 37, 7, 25, § 97; Stat. S. 3, 4, 94; Sen. Q. N. 1, 17.—With tanquam, ut, etc.:

inspicere, tamquam in speculum, in vitas omnium,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 61; 3, 3, 74; Cic. Pis. 29, 71; id. Fin. 5, 22, 61; id. Rep. 2, 42, 69.—

Poet., transf., of the mirror-like smoothness of water:

lympharum in speculo,

Phaedr. 1, 4, 3.—

Trop., a mirror, copy, imitation (rare; more freq. connected with tamquam or ut, etc.; v. supra, I.):

futuri temporis,

Lucr. 3, 974; 4, 166:

infantes et bestias putat specula esse naturae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 32; cf.

corresp. with imago,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 3:

omne opus Vergilianum de quodam Homerici operis speculo formatum est,

Macr. S. 5, 2 med.

* * *

* * *

Aescŭlāpĭus, i, m., = Asklêpios, acc. to fable, the son of Apollo and the nymph Coronis, deified after his death on account of his great knowledge of medicine, Cic. N. D. 3, 22; Cels. 1 praef. He had a temple at Rome, on the island in the Tiber. Upon the kind of worship paid to him, and his attributes, v. Festus, p. 82. Huic gallinae immolabantur, id. ib. The principal seat of his worship in Greece was Epidaurus. In his temple there was a magnificent statue of ivory and gold, the work of Thrasymedes, in which he was represented as a noble figure, resembling that of Zeus. He was seated on a throne, holding in one hand a staff, and with the other resting on the head of a dragon (serpent), and by his side lay a dog. There were also other representations, one even as beardless, very common at an earlier period, Müll. Archaeol. d. Kunst, S. 534 and 535. Serpents, prob. as symbols of prudence and renovation. were everywhere connected with his worship; cf. Spreng. Gesch. d. Medic. 1, 205.

► Adj.:

anguis Aesculapius,

Plin. 29, 4, 22, § 72.

ăger, gri, m. [agros; Germ. Acker, Eng. acre, Sanscr. agras = surface, floor; Grimm conjectured that it was connected with ago, agô, a pecore agendo, and this was the ancient view; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll., and Don. ad Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 47; so the Germ. Trift = pasture, from treiben, to drive].

In an extended sense, territory, district, domain, the whole of the soil belonging to a community (syn.: terra, tellus, arvum, solum, rus, humus; opp. terra, which includes [p. 70] many such possessions taken together; cf.

Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 694 sq.): Ager Tusculanus,... non terra,

Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 84:

praedā atque agro adfecit familiares suos,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 38:

abituros agro Achivos,

id. ib. 1, 53, 71:

ut melior fundus Hirpinus sit, sive ager Hirpinus (totum enim possidet), quam, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2: fundum habet in agro Thurino, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 131 (pro Tull. 14):

Rhenus, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:

ager Noricus,

id. ib. 1, 5:

in agro Troade,

Nep. Paus. 3:

in agro Aretino,

Sall. C. 36, 1:

his civitas data agerque,

Liv. 2, 16:

in agro urbis Jericho,

Vulg. Josue, 5, 13.—In the Roman polity: ager Romanus, the Roman possessions in land (distinguished from ager peregrinus, foreign territory) was divided into ager publicus, public property, domains, and ager privatus, private estates; v. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 695 and 696; cf. with 153 sq.—

In a more restricted sense.

Improdued or productive land, a field, whether pasture, arable, nursery ground, or any thing of the kind; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, 7 sq.; 1, 71; Hab. Syn. 68, and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 13:

agrum hunc mercatus sum: hic me exerceo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94:

agrum de nostro patre colendum habebat,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 17:

ut ager quamvis fertilis, sine culturā fructuosus esse non potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5; id. Fl. 29:

agrum colere,

id. Rosc. Am. 18:

conserere,

Verg. E. 1, 73:

agrum tuum non seres,

Vulg. Lev. 19, 19:

(homo) seminavit bonum semen in agro suo,

ib. Matt. 13, 24; ib. Luc. 12, 16. —

19, 12, 8.—Of a place of habitation in the country, estate, villa:

in tuosne agros confugiam,

Cic. Att. 3, 15 (so agros, Hom. Od. 24, 205).—

The fields, the open country, the country (as in Gr. agros or agroi), like rus, in opp. to the town, urbs (in prose writers generally only in the plur.), Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2:

homines ex agris concurrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44:

non solum ex urbe, sed etiam ex agris,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 8:

annus pestilens urbi agrisque,

Liv. 3, 6; id. 3, 32:

in civitatem et in agros,

Vulg. Marc. 5, 14.—And even in opp. to a village or hamlet, the open field:

sanum hominem modo ruri esse oportet, modo in urbe, saepiusque in agro,

Cels. 1, 1.—

Poet., in opp. to mountains, plain, valley, champaign:

ignotos montes agrosque salutat,

Ov. M. 3, 25.—

As a measure of length (opp. frons, breadth):

mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hic dabat,

in depth, Hor. S. 1, 8, 12.

alvus, i, f. (m., Att. ap. Prisc. p. 654 P.; 718 ib., and Non. 193, 26; Calv., Ael. Cin., and Laber. ap. Charis. p. 61 P.) [for aluus from alo: venter feminae ab alendo dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll. and so Varr.; acc. to others kindr. with Sanscr. ulvam = uterus, and this again connected with vulva, volvo; eluô eiluô; Sanscr. val = to turn; O. H. Germ. wallen = to roll], the belly, the paunch, the bowels.

Lit.:

purgatio alvi,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22:

forsitan purgat alvum,

Vulg. Jud. 3, 24; 3, 22; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 50:

solvere,

Cels. 1, 3:

exonerare,

Plin. 10, 44, 61, § 126:

inanire,

id. 20, 3, 8, § 14 et saep.:

non descendit alvus,

is costive, Cels. 2, 7:

cui satis alvus reddit cotidie,

id. 2, 12, n. 2:

alvus cita,

active, id. 1, 6:

alvum bonam facere,

Cato, R. R. 114:

movere,

id. ib. 115:

citare,

Col. 7, 9, 9:

adstringere alvum,

to make costive, Cels. 1, 3; so also: cohibere, comprimere, supprimere, firmare, sistere, inhibere, etc., to bind, constipate, etc.—In plur.:

ad eliciendas alvos,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 2.—Hence, for excrement:

alvus varia,

Cels. 2, 6:

alvus liquida, nigra, pallida, pinguis,

id. ib.; and for flux, diarrhœa: alvus corpus ac vires carpit, Col. 6, 7.—

Transf.

The womb:

in alvo gestare,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 5;

twice in Cic.: cum praegnans Dionysium alvo contineret,

Cic. Div. 1, 20:

spes in alvo commendata,

id. Clu. 12; so Hor. C. 4, 6, 20; id. A. P. 340 al.—

The stomach, the digestive organs, Cic. N. D. 2, 54; so id. ib. 2, 50; Ov. M. 6, 651.—

A beehive (very freq.):

mediā alvo, quā introeant apes,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 15:

alvi melle plenae,

Plin. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

si plenae alvi fuerint,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 40:

(apes) alvo se continent,

id. 11, 16, 15, § 43; Col. 9, 8, 1; 9, 14, 7; so id. 9, 15, 11.—

Of the basin of the molten sea in the Jewish temple:

(boves) alvum maris circuibant,

Vulg. 2 Par. 4, 3.

Hammōn ( Amm-), ōnis, m., = Ammôn, an Egyptian and Libyan deity, worshipped ( in the present oasis Siwah) in the form of a ram, and identified by the Greeks and Romans with Zeus and Jupiter; hence, Juppiter Hammon. Connected with his temple was an oracle often consulted by the ancients, Cic. N. D. 29 fin.; id. Div. 1, 43, 95; 1, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 7, 3 sq.; Luc. 9, 514 al. (cf. Cat. 7, 5).—Hence, Hammonis cornu, a gold-colored precious stone of the shape of a ram's horn, Ammonite, Plin. 37, 10, 60, § 167. —

Derivv.

Hammōnĭum ( Amm-), ĭi, n., the oasis El-Siwah, Curt. 4, 7, 3 sq.—

Hammōnĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Hammonium, Curt. 4, 7, 11. —

Hammōnĭăcus ( Amm-), a, um, belonging to Hammon ( Libya, Africa).

Adj.:

sal,

Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 79; Col. 6, 17, 7; Ov. M. Fac. 94.—

Subst.: Hammōnĭă-cum, i, n., a resinous gum, which distilled from a tree near the temple of Juppiter Hammon, Plin. 12, 23, 49, § 107; 24, 6, 14, § 23; Cels. 5, 5.