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101 ødelægge
corrupt, damage, destroy, devastate, fuck up, kill, mangle, mar, make a mess of, mess about / around, prejudice, ravage, ruin, spoil, taint, wreck* * *vb( spolere, volde stor skade på) spoil ( fx one's appetite, one's eyes, one's health; the crops, the environment; the soup; her looks, the fun; she spoils her son);( stærkere: beskadige uafhjælpeligt) ruin ( fx the storm ruined the crops; you'll ruin the car by driving like that; ruin one's career, health, life, the fun);( bevidst: tilintetgøre) destroy ( fx a bridge by blowing it up; an enemy ship; a town; his happiness);( gøre til vrag, knuse etc) wreck ( fx a ship; a car in an accident; his career, happiness, life);( slå i stykker) smash, break ( fx the child broke its new toy); ruin;( uden objekt) do (el. cause) damage ( fx they did £5000 worth of damage);[ ødelægge fornøjelsen for én] spoil (, ruin) somebody's pleasure (el.enjoyment, fun);[ nu er det hele ødelagt!] that's torn (el. done) it![ ødelægge éns smag] corrupt somebody's taste. -
102 akkviescere
verb. [finne seg i, slå seg til ro med] acquiesce -
103 ridder
* * *subst. Countenance subst. knight (økonomi) [ redningsmann] (hvit ridder) white knight (vandrende ridder) knight-errant (slå til ridder) knight -
104 ro
quiet, row* * *subst. [ stillhet] quiet, tranquillity, silence subst. [ ikke bevegelse] stillness subst. [ krok i et rom] corner subst. [ hvile] rest subst. [ fatning] composure, scalm, calmness subst. [ underlagsskive] riveting plate, steel plate subst. [ jernspon] burr verb. row verb. [ bortforklare] back out, make excuses (ta det med ro) take it easy, calm down,, relax (slå seg til ro) settle (down) (opphøyet ro) serenity -
105 at-kvæði
n. [kveða at orði].I. a technical phrase, esp. in law; svá skal sækja at öllu um fjártökuna, sem þjófsök fyrir utan a., the proceeding is all the same with the exception of the technical terms, Grág. ii. 190; at þeim atkvæðum er Helgi hafði í stefnu við þik, the expressions used by Helgi in summoning thee, Boll. 354.β. a word, expression in general; þat er þrífalt a., mannvit, siðgæði ok hæverska, Sks. 431, 303; en þó vér mælim alla þessa hluti með breiðu a., in broad, general terms, Anecd. 21, Þiðr. 1.γ. now used gramm. for a syllable, and in many compds such as, eins atkvæðis orð, a monosyllable; tveggja, þriggja … atkvæða …, etc., a dissyllable, etc.: ‘kveða at’ also means to collect the letters into syllables, used of children when they begin to spell. Old writers use atkvæði differently in a grammatical sense, viz. = pronunciation, sound, now framburðr; þeir stafir megu hafa tveggja samhljóðenda a., hverr einn, Skálda (Thorodd) 165; eins stafs a.; a. nafns hvers þeirra; þá er þat a. hans í hverju máli sem eptir lifir nafnsins (in the last passage = the name of the letter), 168.II. a decision, sentence, almost always in plur.; beið hann þinna atkvæða, Nj. 78; var því vikit til atkvæða ( decision) Marðar, 207; bíða atkvæða Magnúss konungs um álög ok pyntingar, Fms. vi. 192: sing., var þat biskups a., his decision, v. 106; hvi gegnir þetta a. ( sentence) jarl, rangliga dæmir þú, 656 B; þínu boði ok a., command and decisive vote, Stj. 203; af atkvæði guðanna, by their decree, Edda 9, Bret. 53.β. now a law term = vote, and in a great many compds: atkvæða-greiðsla, division; atkvæða-fjöldi, votes; a. munr, majority, etc.III. a decree of fate, a spell, charm, in a supernatural sense, = ákvæði; af forlogum ok a. ramra hluta, Fs. 23; konungr sagði úhægt at göra við atkvæðum, … to resist charms (MS. akvedni, where it is uncertain whether the reading is ákv- or atkv-); a. Finnunnar, the spell of the Finnish witch, 22; svá mikil a. (pl.) ok ilska fylgði þessum álögum, Fas. i. 404, iii. 239, Fms. x. 172.COMPDS: atkvæðalauss, atkvæðamaðr, atkvæðamikill. -
106 BÁL
n.1) fire;slá bál = drepa eld;2) flame, blaze;gera bál, to make a blaze;3) pyre, funeral pile;bera e-n á bál, to carry to the pyre;stíga á bál, to mount the pyre.* * *n. [old Scot. bale, i. e. a beacon-fagot, Lay of Last Minstrel 3. 27 note].I. a flame, Nj. 199, Ld. 100, Stj. 45 (freq.)II. Lat. rogus, a pyre, funeral pile; hlaða b., rogum struere, Eb. 314, 264; Fms. v. 328, esp. for burning dead bodies; a funeral pile in the old heathendom, til brands eðr báls, an old law term, ad urnam, N. G. L. i. 50: the phrase, vega e-n á bal, or, bera á bal, to carry to the pyre, Vkv. 14, cp. Vþm. 54, Fas. i. (Hervar. S.) 487; graphical description of those funerals, vide Edda 37, 38 (Baldrsbrenna), Fas. i. (Völs. S.) 204; cp. 333, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 27; cp. also the funeral of the mythical king Sigurd Ring, recorded by Arngrim Lærde in his Supplementum ad Compendium Hist. Norv. MS. (composed A. D. 1597), probably taken from a lost leaf of Skjöldunga Saga (Sögubrot), and mentioned by Munch, Norske Folks Hist. i. 274: mod. of a foaming wind, wrath, etc.—bálviðri, n. and balhvass, bálreiðr, adj., etc. -
107 HEY
* * *(dat. heyi or heyvi), n. hay;hirða hey, to get in hay;pl. stores of hay (hann hefir rænt mik öllum heyjum).* * *n., old gen. heyvi, also spelt heyfi, mod. heyi; e. g. heyvi, Grág. i. 438; heyfi, Eb. 94 new Ed. note, and passim; but heyi, Sks. 416, and so in mod. usage; gen. pl. heyja; [Goth. havi = χόρτος; A. S. hêg; Engl. hay; Hel. houwe; O. H. G. hawi; Germ. heu; Swed.-Dan. hö; Norse höy, Ivar Aasen; akin to höggva, Germ. hauen; thus hey prop. means cut grass]:—hay; mat eðr hey, hey ok matr, Nj. 73, Grág. i. 195, 438, ii. 277, Ísl. ii. 137, Sks. 416, Lv. 18 passim: also used in plur., stores of hay, fodder; beita upp engjum ok heyjum, Fms. vi. 104; gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, Landn. 30; hann hefir rænt mik öllum heyjum, Ísl. ii. 140; hann hefir eingin hey til sölu, 138; en hey fásk lítil, 132: Icel. say, slá, raka, þurka, rifja, sæta, hirða, binda hey, to mow, rake, dry, turn, cock, get in, bind the hay.COMPDS: heyannir, heyband, heybjörg, heybruni, heydeild, heydes, heyfang, heyfátt, heyfok, heygarðr, heygjald, heygjöf, heyhjálmr, heyhlað, heyhlass, heykleggi, heykostr, heylauss, heyleiga, heyleysi, heylítill, heymeiss, heynál, heyrán, heyreki, heyrúm, heysala, heyskapr, heyskipti, heysláttr, heysótt, heystakkr, heystakkgarðr, heystál, heytak, heyteigr, heytjúga, heytollr, heytópt, heyverð, heyverk, heyvöndull, heyþerrir, heyþrot, heyþroti, heyþurkr, heyönn. -
108 HIMINN
* * *(gen. himins, dat. himni; pl. himnar), m. heaven; undir berum himini, in the open air.* * *m. [the form hifinn occurs rarely, Fms. x. 10 (v. l.), Hb. (1866) thrice; the mod. form is himin, without the inflexive n; the root consonant varies between m and f (or v), the final between n and l, cp. Goth. himins, A. S. heofon, Engl. heaven, Hel. himil, O. H. G. himila, Germ. as also mod. Dan. and Swed. himmel; this interchange of f and m is analogous to ‘of’ and ‘um’ (umb), ‘sofa’ and ‘sömn’ (i. e. svefn), ‘kufl’ and ‘kumbl,’ Lat. sopio and somnus, etc. ☞ The mythol. Gimle (Vsp. 63) is probably dat. of an obsolete himil derived from the time when the initial h was still sounded gutturally]:—heaven; in the old heathen creed the heavenly vault was the skull of the giant Ymir, Gm. 40, Vþm. 21, Edda sub init.; and is called by the poets ‘the giant’s skull,’ ‘the burden of the dwarfs’ (vide dvergr), etc.; the heavens were nine, the names of which are recorded in Edda (Gl.):—Níu eru himnar á hæð talðir, cp. Alm. 12, 13; upp-h., the ether, Vsp. 3; nú heldr jörð griðum upp, en himinn varðar fyrir ofan en hafit Rauða fyrir útan er liggr um lönd öll, Grág. i. 166; jafnhárt upp sem himinn, Edda 60 (in a verse); leikr hár hiti við h., sjálfan, Vsp. 58; hinn slétti h., Vþm. 46: allit., heiðr himin, Hbl. 19, Eb. 48 new Ed., v. l.; haf og h., sea and heaven; himin ok jörð, heaven and earth, Nj. 194; áðr stjarna komi á himin, ere the stars came up in heaven, Grág. ii. 322.β. phrases, undir berum himni, under the bare sky, freq.; hann ann mér eigi at hafa himininn jafnan yfir höfði sér sem hann hefir sjálfr, Vápn. 20; þykjask taka h. höndum, to think one grasps heaven with one’s hands, of high fantastic hopes; þat hugðum vér bændr … at vér hefðim þá höndum himin tekit, en nú …, Hkr. i. 141, Sighvat (Bersögl. vísur), Al. 118; himins-emdi, the end, border of heaven, Vþm. 37, Edda 12.2. the heathen conception of a plurality of heavens caused the plural to be mostly used by Christian writers, esp. after the Reformation, also, Guð á himnum, God in the heavens; Faðir á himnum, Gr. ἐν τοις οὐρανοις, N. T., following the Gr. text; himnum að, towards the heavens, Pass. 34. 1; hér og á himnum bæði, 24. 7: himna-Guð, God in the heavens, Sól. 6, Stj.; stíga til himna, to ascend to the heavens, Gþl. 40; himna-fagnaðr, heavenly joy, Hom. 30; himna-brauð, bread from the heavens, manna, Post.; himna-fæðsla, id., Stj.; himna-för, ascension to the heavens; himna-ljós, the light of the heavens, Pass. 3. 3; hinma-hallir, the halls of the heavens, 25. 13; himna-konungr, the king of the heavens, Hom., Fms. i. 141; himna-mjöl, the flour of the heavens, manna, Stj., Al. 64; himna-sjón, heavenly sight, Greg. 35; himna-vist, an abode in the heavens, Hom.; himna-ríki, n. the kingdom of the heavens, N. T., in old writers himin-ríki.II. metaph. (like Gr. οὐρανός), a canopy, covering, cp. Germ. trag-himmel; sængr-himinn, a bed canopy: poët., brúna-himinn, heaven of the brows, the forehead, Kormak; ál-himin, the heaven or covering of the deep, the ice, Eyvind. -
109 KVEINA
(að), v. to wail, lament; kveina um e-t, to com plain of (er hér kveinat um eldiviðarfæð).* * *að. [Ulf. qainon = πενθειν; A. S. cwânjan; Engl. whine, wanion; Germ. weinen]:—either, kveina um e-t (mod. k. yfir e-u), to complain of a thing, or absol. to wail, mourn, lament, but not used transitively as in A. S.; er hér kveinat um eldiviðar-fæð, Fms. i. 291; görðit hón hjufra né höndum slá, né k. um sem konur aðrar, Gkv. 1. 1 (2. 11); taka nú k. um þat, er …, Al. 52, Fas. iii. 154; hón kveinaði um mjök meðan hón starfaði, Hom. 113: absol., munu þér k. ok kalla til Dróttins, Stj. 441; krytja eðr k., 370, Fas. i. 200; en þeir létu sem þeir heyrði eigi hvat er hón kveinaði, Fms. vi. 352. -
110 NE
a negative particle (poet.) with a verb,1) not;út þú ne kemr, thou comest not out;sól þat ne vissi, hvar hún sali átti, the sun knew not, etc.;2) ne einn, not one;lifa þeir ne einir þriggja tega manna, not one of those thirty men is left;ne einu sinni, not once;preceded by a negation, any = neinn (vórum vér ekki mjök við búnir ne einum úfriði).* * *or né, a negative conjunction. The Goth. makes a distinction between ni = A. S. ne, O. H. G. ni; and the compound particle nih, from ni + the suffix uh, O. H. G. noh, Germ. noch, Lat. nec, of which Icel. né is a contr. form; etymologically, therefore, the single particle ought to be written ne and the compound né; but this distinction is not made. The particle ne is not found out of composition except in ancient poetry; it is found as a prefix in the compounds neinn, nekkverr, nema (q. v.), qs. ne-einn, ne-hverr, ne-ifa.A. The single particle, not:1. with a verb, sól þat né vissi, máni þat né vissi, stjörnur þat né vissu, Vsp. 5; óð þau né höfðu, 18; löst né vissi, Skv. 3. 5; né fá, Hm. 92; finna né máttu, 46; ek né kunna, 11; né þat máttu, Hým. 4; né sváfu, Þd. 6:—with subj., út þú né komir, Vþm. 7:—ef né, if not, unless, were it not that …; ef þú geldr né værir, Hkv. Hjörv. 20; ef þú sverðs né nytir, Fm. 29:—with a double negation, svá at mér mann-gi mat né bauð, Gm. 2; aptr né komið, 20; ef föður né áttað, Fm. 3; hví né lezkaðu, Ls. 47; né máttuð, Kormak; né hlöðut, Vellekla; þar er hrafn né svalt-a, Ó. H. (in a verse); sofa þeir né máttuð, Gkv. 2. 3:—the negation is understood, niðjar hvöttu Gunnar né náungr annarr, rýnendr né ráðendr, né ( nor) þeir er ríkir vóru, Akv. 9,2. used to begin a verse or sentence in a running narrative, answering to ok (which see A. III); né hamfagrt höldum þótti skáldfé mitt, Ad. 7; né þat máttu, Hým. 2; né hann konu kyssa görði né ( nor) …, Skv. 3. 4; né ek þat vilda at mik ver ætti, 35; né djúpakorn drápu, Þd. 10.II. with an adverb or noun; né sjaldan, not seldom, Fms. xi. 198 (in a verse); né allvel, not over-well, Skv. 1. 49; gumnum hollr né gulli, fond of men not of gold, Hkr. i. (in a verse).2. but esp. in né einn, not one, none (cp. Early Lat. noenus = ne unus), also not any; lifa þeir né einir, Gkv. 3. 5; né einu sinni, not once, Fms. xi. 13; kvaðsk eigi muna at hann hefði heit strengt né eins, 112; hann lét þá af at eggja konung á né eina herferð, vii. 28; vórum vér ekki mjök við búnir við né einum lífriði, iv. 73; né eina sekð, Grág. i. 136; né eitt úhreint, Stj. 409; allir duldu at né eitt vissi til Hrapps, Nj. 133; eigi finnsk sá né einn, Fas. i. 243; eigi né eins staðar, not anywhere, Stj. 618; eigi vill hann at né einn tortryggi, Hom. (St.); eigi … at ek hafa né eina manns konu tekit, Þorst. Síðu H. 5; hann fyrir-bauð né einum leikmönnum, at …, Bs. i. 702.3. in composition in ne-kkverr and n-ema, q. v.B. The compound particle né preceded by a negation, neither … nor, not … nor, as a disjunctive copula between two nouns or sentences; at þú gáir eigi þings né þjóðans mála, Hm. 115; skósmiðr þú verit né skeptismiðr, 127; óð þau né ( not) áttu, lá né ( neither) læti né ( nor) litu góða, Vsp. 18; svefn þú né ( not) sefr né ( nor) um sakar dæmir, Skv. I. 29; varat harm yðr um likr, né …, 36; vilkat ek mann trauðan né torbænan, 49.2. in prose; þú skalt þá eigi með örum raufa né sverði slá, Stj. 620; höggormr hefir þar eigi vist né froskr, né ekki ( nor any) eitr-kykvendi, 655 xii. 2; má af öngum fremjask né fullkomask, nema biskupi, K. Á. 22; eigi meira né skemra, Fms. xi. 304:—irregular usage, því at eins ( only in that case) ferjanda né ( nor) festum helganda, nema (if, unless), i. e. neither … nor … unless, Nj. 240.3. the negation may also be indirect or understood; né sé þess örvænt at hér verði grátr né stynr, Niðrst. 7; fen né forað (= fen eðr forað), Gþl. 382 A; linar lítið dag né nótt, Bs. ii. 49; fár treystisk eld at ríða né yfir stíga, Fas. i. (in a verse); síð muntú hringum ráða né Röðuls-völlum, Hkv. Hjörv. 6, where the negation lies in örvænt, lítið, fár, síð: as also in ironical questions, hvat megi fótr fæti veita, né holdgróin hönd annarri, i. e. what? to which a negative answer is expected.II. in hvárgi … né, neither … nor; hvárrgi þeirra, Erlingr né féhirðinn, neither of them, E. nor the shepherd, Fr.; hvárngan ykkarn, Hákon né þik, Fb. i. 182:—hvárki … né, neither … nor, hvárki fyrir forboðan né taksetningar, H. E. i. 419; hvárki af dæmum né ástar hirtingum, 677. 6; hvárki gull né jarðir, Skv. 3. 37; hvárki styn né hósta, Nj.; hvárki gott né íllt, and so in countless instances.III. if the sentence has three or more limbs; hvárki … né … né, neither … nor … nor; or also hvárki … né … eðr, neither … nor … or; thus, lá né læti, né litu góða, Vsp.; fals né flærð eða rangindi, Fms. ix. 330; the former is more emphatic, see hvárrgi B. III. -
111 reizla
-
112 rekja
(rek, rakta, rakiðr or raktr), v.1) to spread out, unwind, unfold, = r. í sundr (hón rakti motrinn ok leit á um hríð);refl., rekjast, to unwind itself (en þráðrinn raktist af tvinnahnoðanu); lát hendr þínar rekjast niðr fyrir þik, let they arms hang straight down; rekjast ór svefni, to start from sleep;2) to track, trace (þeir rekja spor sem hundar); r. kyn, ættir, to trace a pedigree; r. fram, to expound (bað hann fram r. guðs lög); r. minni til, to remember.* * *u, f. [rakr], wet, rain, dew, as good for mowing; það er bezta rekja; slá í rekju. -
113 saumr
(-s, -ar), m.1) nails, esp. of a ship;2) pl., saumar, needle-work, sewing (sitja at saumum).* * *m. [Engl. seam; Dan.-Swed. söm], a seam, of cloth, freq. in mod. usage.2. plur. saumar, needle-work, sewing; sitja at saumum, of a lady, Orkn. 182, Vígl. 28, Dropl. 4; setjask til sauma, Fas. iii. 104.COMPDS: saumakona, saumaskapr, saumastofa.II. a nail, esp. of a ship, N. G. L. i. 202; saum þarftú ok mikinn á skip at hafa, Sks. 30; var engi saumr í, Fms. vii. 216; slá saum, Fb. i. 433 (of ship-building); rærnar á sauminum, 673. 60; skip-s., hnoð-s., rek-s. -
114 skír-leikr
m. (-leiki, a, m.), purity; at slá slíkt silfr at skírleika sem várr vili verðr til, N. G. L. i. 446; sakir orða gnóttar eða skírleiks, MS. 15. 1: mostly in a moral sense, s. andarinnar, Stj. 34, 142, Mar. -
115 viti
* * *m.1) token, mark, signal; þat þótti eigi góðs v., it boded nothing good;2) as a naut. term; hafa vita af landi, to stand so near land as to be aware of it;3) a beacon, kindled as a warning signal (brenna, kveikja, kynda vita).* * *1.a, m. a signal; þat þótti eigi góðs viti, it boded nothing good, Fs. 20; ílls-viti, boding evil.2. as a naut. term; hafa vita af landi, to stand so near land as to be aware of it, of the marks by which sailors note the proximity of land; hann sigldi fyrir sunnan Ísland ok hafði vita af, Ó. H. 75; allir settu augu sín aptr um skut, meðan þeir máttu nokkurn vita sjá til fóstr-jarðar sinnar, Al. 12.3. a beacon kindled as a warning signal when a fleet or enemy was in sight or had arrived, see Hák. S. Góða ch. 21, and Orkn. ch. 71–74, N. G. L. i. 102; eld sé ek brenna fyrir austan borg … þat mun viti kallaðr, Gs. 18; vita skyldi göra á hám fjöllum … svá at hvern mætti sjá frá öðrum, sú var siðvenja, at vitar fóru austan eptir landi, Hkr. i. 147; skjóta upp vita, Fb. ii. 458; fleygja eldi í vitana, Fms. viii. 74, 188; lögðu þar í eld ok görðu þar vita, Eg. 222; brenna vita, Fær.; halda vita, gæta vita, kynda vita, slá eldi í vita, etc., Orkn. l. c.; veðr-viti, a vane, weather-cock. vita-karl, vita-vörðr, m. a beacon-watchman, Fms. viii. 73, 188, Gþl. 86, N. G. L. i. 102.2.a, m. a leader; in odd-viti; ú-viti, an artless person, e. g. a child; íll-viti, an evil boder; ör-viti or ör-vita, insane.3.n.(?), a moment, point of time (?); en hvert viti ( every time) er maðr festir útlegðar-eið, þá skal …, N. G. L. i. 161.
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