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1 dyra
dyra; dyr'a Grammatical information: f. ā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 205Russian:dyrá `hole, gap' [f ā]Old Russian:Polabian:dară `hole, prison' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-Comments: In the ESSJa, it is argued that Ru. dyrá, which occurs alongside dirá (-> * dira), results from secondary ablaut (starting from * dъr- instead of of * dьr- `tear'. The same is suggested for -> * dura. It seems to me that such a scenario requires that there existed a formally and semantically similar root. In this particular case the root of Lith. dùrti `stab, push' has often been mentioned, but more often than not (e.g. Vasmer s.v. dyrá, Fraenkel LEW: 113, Sɫawski SEJP I: 208) the latter root is considered etymologically identical. This implies that already in Balto-Slavic both * dir- and * dur- functioned as the zero grade of * der- `tear'. Here I would like to adopt a more agnostic attitude, i.e. I prefer to separate forms belonging to the "u" ablaut series provisionally from * der- `tear'. Note that Baltic * duris firmly acute, while in the case of the verb `to tear' there are many indications for an old circumflex. -
2 dyr'a
dyra; dyr'a Grammatical information: f. ā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 205Russian:dyrá `hole, gap' [f ā]Old Russian:Polabian:dară `hole, prison' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-Comments: In the ESSJa, it is argued that Ru. dyrá, which occurs alongside dirá (-> * dira), results from secondary ablaut (starting from * dъr- instead of of * dьr- `tear'. The same is suggested for -> * dura. It seems to me that such a scenario requires that there existed a formally and semantically similar root. In this particular case the root of Lith. dùrti `stab, push' has often been mentioned, but more often than not (e.g. Vasmer s.v. dyrá, Fraenkel LEW: 113, Sɫawski SEJP I: 208) the latter root is considered etymologically identical. This implies that already in Balto-Slavic both * dir- and * dur- functioned as the zero grade of * der- `tear'. Here I would like to adopt a more agnostic attitude, i.e. I prefer to separate forms belonging to the "u" ablaut series provisionally from * der- `tear'. Note that Baltic * duris firmly acute, while in the case of the verb `to tear' there are many indications for an old circumflex. -
3 jùgъ
jùgъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `South, south wind'Page in Trubačev: VIII 192-193Old Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Czech:Old Czech:Slovak:Serbo-Croatian:jȕg `south wind' [m o];jȕgo `south wind' [n o];Čak. jȕgo (Vrgada, Novi, Orbanići) `south wind' [n o]Slovene:jùg `southwest wind, South' [m o], júga [Gens]Bulgarian:Comments: If *jùgъ is cognate with Gk. αὐγή `light, beam' < *h₂eug-, the acute tone of the root can be explained by Winter's law. On the other hand, this etmology also implies that the *j- was originally a glide, which considering the distribution of forms with and without *j- seems less likely. The ESSJa argues that * jugъ contains * iouǝ `mix, knead'. The original meaning would have been `soft', cf. -> sěverъ, of the which the older meaning is assumed to have been `sharp, severe'. This all seems highly speculative. -
4 bělъ
bě́lъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `white'Page in Trubačev: II 79-81Old Church Slavic:bělъ `white' [adj o]Russian:bélyj `white' [adj o];Czech:bílý `white' [adj o]Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:bjáu̯lï `white' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:bȉjel, bȉo `white' [adj o], bijȅla [Nomsf], bijèlo [Nomsn];Čak. bĩ(l) (Vrgada) `white' [adj o], bīlȁ [Nomsf], bīlȍ [Nomsn];Čak. biȇl (Orbanići) `white' [adj o], bielȁ [Nomsf], biȇlȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:bẹ́ɫ `white' [adj o]Bulgarian:Lithuanian:bãlas `white' [adj o] 4;báltas `white' [adj o] 3Latvian:bā̀ls `pale' [adj o];bãls `pale' [adj o];bal̃ts `white' [adj o]Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 118Comments: The fact that this etymon belongs to AP (b), which implies an non-acute root, does not pose any problems if one assumes that the regular reflex of a lengthened grade vowel was circumflex. We may reconstruct * bʰēlH-o-, with regular loss of the root-final laryngeal.Notes:\{1\} AP (b) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 136). -
5 kl̨ùka
kl̨ùka Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `hook'Page in Trubačev: X 55-56Russian:kljuká `walking-stick' [f ā]Old Russian:Ukrainian:kljúka `pole with a hook, hook' [f ā]Czech:klíka (Jungmann) `bend, hook' [f ā]Slovak:Old Polish:Slovincian:klȧ̃ka `yoke' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:kljȕka `hook, door-knob' [f ā]Slovene:kljúka `hook, knee-pad, handle' [f ā]Lithuanian:kliū́ti `brush against, be caught in, obstruct' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: kleh₂uComments: This reconstruction implies that the *e of *kleʔu is secondary.Other cognates:
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