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this+has+been

  • 121 birria

    f.
    una birria de jugador a useless player
    2 good-for-nothing person, gawk.
    3 ugly thing.
    4 shady-looking person, persona non grata.
    5 goat meat in chili sauce.
    6 garbage goods film.
    7 dead loss.
    * * *
    1 familiar (cosa fea) monstrosity
    2 (cosa mala) rubbish
    * * *
    SF
    1) esp Esp (=cosa fea) monstrosity; (=cosa inútil) useless object

    la novela es una birria — * the novel is rubbish o trash

    2) And * (=obsesión) set idea
    3) Cono Sur, Méx (=bebida) tasteless drink; Méx (=guiso) stew
    4)
    5) CAm * (=cerveza) beer
    * * *
    1) (fam) (cosa fea, inútil)

    sus poemas son una birria — his poems are garbage (AmE) o (BrE) rubbish (colloq)

    * * *
    = rubbish, garbage, dud.
    Ex. Science fiction may be so obviously rubbish that one is tempted to dismiss the whole product as rubbish.
    Ex. Some individuals are satisfied with a 50% 'hit' rate because they feel they can more quickly weed out the ' garbage' than they could compile the needed bibliography by hand.
    Ex. It may be tempting the weather gods just to point this out, but this has been a dud of a hurricane season so far.
    * * *
    1) (fam) (cosa fea, inútil)

    sus poemas son una birria — his poems are garbage (AmE) o (BrE) rubbish (colloq)

    * * *
    = rubbish, garbage, dud.

    Ex: Science fiction may be so obviously rubbish that one is tempted to dismiss the whole product as rubbish.

    Ex: Some individuals are satisfied with a 50% 'hit' rate because they feel they can more quickly weed out the ' garbage' than they could compile the needed bibliography by hand.
    Ex: It may be tempting the weather gods just to point this out, but this has been a dud of a hurricane season so far.

    * * *
    A ( fam)
    (cosa fea, inútil): vas hecho una birria you look a mess
    ¡qué birria de vestido! what a horrible dress!
    sus poemas son una birria his poems are crap (sl), his poems are garbage ( AmE) o ( BrE) rubbish ( colloq)
    * * *

    birria f fam rubbish: esta estufa es una birria, this stove is rubbish
    ' birria' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    churro
    - porquería
    English:
    dud
    * * *
    birria nf
    Fam
    1. [persona] drip;
    una birria de jugador a useless player;
    2. [cosa] junk, Br rubbish, US garbage;
    esta película es una birria this movie is a load of Br rubbish o US garbage;
    Col
    jugar de birria to play half-heartedly
    3. Méx [comida] stew
    birria de cabra goat-meat stew
    * * *
    f fam
    piece of junk fam ;
    va hecha una birria fam she looks a real mess fam
    * * *
    birria n rubbish

    Spanish-English dictionary > birria

  • 122 Strutt, Jedediah

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 26 July 1726 South Normanton, near Alfreton, Derbyshire, England
    d. 7 May 1797 Derby, England
    [br]
    English inventor of a machine for making ribbed knitting.
    [br]
    Jedediah Strutt was the second of three sons of William, a small farmer and maltster at South Normanton, near Alfreton, Derbyshire, where the only industry was a little framework knitting. At the age of 14 Jedediah was apprenticed to Ralph Massey, a wheelwright near Derby, and lodged with the Woollats, whose daughter Elizabeth he later married in 1755. He moved to Leicester and in 1754 started farming at Blackwell, where an uncle had died and left him the stock on his farm. It was here that he made his knitting invention.
    William Lee's knitting machine remained in virtually the same form as he left it until the middle of the eighteenth century. The knitting industry moved away from London into the Midlands and in 1730 a Nottingham workman, using Indian spun yarn, produced the first pair of cotton hose ever made by mechanical means. This industry developed quickly and by 1750 was providing employment for 1,200 frameworkers using both wool and cotton in the Nottingham and Derby areas. It was against this background that Jedediah Strutt obtained patents for his Derby rib machine in 1758 and 1759.
    The machine was a highly ingenious mechanism, which when placed in front of an ordinary stocking frame enabled the fashionable ribbed stockings to be made by machine instead of by hand. To develop this invention, he formed a partnership first with his brother-in-law, William Woollat, and two leading Derby hosiers, John Bloodworth and Thomas Stamford. This partnership was dissolved in 1762 and another was formed with Woollat and the Nottingham hosier Samuel Need. Strutt's invention was followed by a succession of innovations which enabled framework knitters to produce almost every kind of mesh on their machines. In 1764 the stocking frame was adapted to the making of eyelet holes, and this later lead to the production of lace. In 1767 velvet was made on these frames, and two years later brocade. In this way Strutt's original invention opened up a new era for knitting. Although all these later improvements were not his, he was able to make a fortune from his invention. In 1762 he was made a freeman of Nottingham, but by then he was living in Derby. His business at Derby was concerned mainly with silk hose and he had a silk mill there.
    It was partly his need for cotton yarn and partly his wealth which led him into partnership with Richard Arkwright, John Smalley and David Thornley to exploit Arkwright's patent for spinning cotton by rollers. Together with Samuel Need, they financed the Arkwright partnership in 1770 to develop the horse-powered mill in Nottingham and then the water-powered mill at Cromford. Strutt gave advice to Arkwright about improving the machinery and helped to hold the partnership together when Arkwright fell out with his first partners. Strutt was also involved, in London, where he had a house, with the parliamentary proceedings over the passing of the Calico Act in 1774, which opened up the trade in British-manufactured all-cotton cloth.
    In 1776 Strutt financed the construction of his own mill at Helper, about seven miles (11 km) further down the Derwent valley below Cromford. This was followed by another at Milford, a little lower on the river. Strutt was also a partner with Arkwright and others in the mill at Birkacre, near Chorley in Lancashire. The Strutt mills were developed into large complexes for cotton spinning and many experiments were later carried out in them, both in textile machinery and in fireproof construction for the mills themselves. They were also important training schools for engineers.
    Elizabeth Strutt died in 1774 and Jedediah never married again. The family seem to have lived frugally in spite of their wealth, probably influenced by their Nonconformist background. He had built a house near the mills at Milford, but it was in his Derby house that Jedediah died in 1797. By the time of his death, his son William had long been involved with the business and became a more important cotton spinner than Jedediah.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1758. British patent no. 722 (Derby rib machine). 1759. British patent no. 734 (Derby rib machine).
    Further Reading
    For the involvement of Strutt in Arkwright's spinning ventures, there are two books, the earlier of which is R.S.Fitton and A.P.Wadsworth, 1958, The Strutts and the Arkwrights, 1758–1830, Manchester, which has most of the details about Strutt's life. This has been followed by R.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester.
    R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (for a general background to the textile industry of the period).
    W.Felkin, 1967, History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufactures, reprint, Newton Abbot (orig. pub. 1867) (covers Strutt's knitting inventions).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Strutt, Jedediah

  • 123 продемонстрировать

    (= демонстрировать) show, do, illustrate, demonstrate
    • Далее мы продемонстрируем общую природу... - We shall indicate the general nature of...
    • Затем нам нужно будет одно особое рассуждение, чтобы продемонстрировать, что... - We will then need a special argument to show that...
    • Можно продемонстрировать, что... - It is demonstrable that...
    • Мы наглядно продемонстрировали это... - This has been clearly demonstrated by...
    • Сейчас мы продемонстрируем эту технику, используя... - This technique will now be demonstrated using...
    • Следующим шагом продемонстрируем, что... - Next it will be shown that...
    • Тем не менее, было продемонстрировано, что... - Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that...
    • Теперь мы продемонстрируем это детально. - We shall now undertake to demonstrate this in detail.
    • Чтобы продемонстрировать некоторые из этих идей, рассмотрим... - То illustrate some of the ideas, let us consider...
    • Чтобы продемонстрировать эту концепцию, мы, во-первых, рассмотрим... - То demonstrate this concept we consider, first,...
    • Это легко продемонстрировать с использованием (4). - This is easily done using (4).
    • Это можно продемонстрировать, рассматривая... - This can be demonstrated by considering...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > продемонстрировать

  • 124 calamidad

    f.
    1 calamity.
    pasar calamidades to suffer great hardship
    2 unfortunate event, calamity, fateful event, mishap.
    3 misfortune, fatality, calamity, fatefulness.
    * * *
    1 (desgracia) calamity, disaster
    2 figurado (persona) dead loss, good-for-nothing
    \
    ser una calamidad / estar hecho,-a una calamidad familiar to look a sight
    * * *
    SF (=desastre) calamity, disaster
    (=persona)

    ¡vaya calamidad! — what terrible luck!

    * * *
    a) (desastre, desgracia) disaster, calamity
    b) ( persona inútil) disaster (colloq)
    * * *
    = calamity, ill fate, duffer, dud.
    Ex. His doctrine that even venial wrongdoing is worse than any natural calamity implies that we ought to refrain from such wrongdoing even if calamity results.
    Ex. The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.
    Ex. Plus, no matter what she did to stop people from picking on her she always ended up being called a duffer.
    Ex. It may be tempting the weather gods just to point this out, but this has been a dud of a hurricane season so far.
    * * *
    a) (desastre, desgracia) disaster, calamity
    b) ( persona inútil) disaster (colloq)
    * * *
    = calamity, ill fate, duffer, dud.

    Ex: His doctrine that even venial wrongdoing is worse than any natural calamity implies that we ought to refrain from such wrongdoing even if calamity results.

    Ex: The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.
    Ex: Plus, no matter what she did to stop people from picking on her she always ended up being called a duffer.
    Ex: It may be tempting the weather gods just to point this out, but this has been a dud of a hurricane season so far.

    * * *
    1 (desastre, desgracia) disaster, calamity
    ¡pobre chico, las calamidades que ha tenido que pasar! the poor boy, the terrible things he's had to go through!
    * * *

    calamidad sustantivo femenino
    a) (desastre, desgracia) disaster, calamity;

    ◊ ¡las calamidades que ha pasado! the terrible things he's gone through!

    b) ( persona inútil) disaster (colloq)

    calamidad sustantivo femenino
    1 (desgracia, desastre) calamity: en su infancia pasó muchas calamidades, she had a traumatic childhood
    2 familiar hum (persona torpe) disaster: Juan es una calamidad, Juan is a complete disaster
    ' calamidad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    azote
    - nulidad
    - plaga
    English:
    calamity
    - dud
    * * *
    1. [catástrofe] disaster, calamity;
    pasar calamidades to suffer great hardship;
    ¡qué calamidad! how awful!
    2. [persona]
    ser una calamidad to be a dead loss
    * * *
    f calamity
    * * *
    desastre: calamity, disaster
    * * *
    calamidad n (desastre) disaster

    Spanish-English dictionary > calamidad

  • 125 desarrollar aún más

    (v.) = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further, develop + further
    Ex. The special auxiliaries allow the process of synthesis to be taken one stage further.
    Ex. Progressing a stage further, it would be economically short-sighted, to say the least, for a large co-operative network such as OCLC in the United States or BLCMP in the UK, not to take advantage of the MARC service.
    Ex. The problem arises from the fact that it is very difficult to fix an absolute level of analysis; there is nearly always the possibility of carrying our analysis one stage further.
    Ex. So we can develop our significance order one stage further, to give us Thing-Material-Action.
    Ex. This has been taken a step further by using a screen editor to 'prevent the human indexer or coder from making syntactic errors in the first place'.
    Ex. We can extend these two concepts one step further, and use them to guarantee the integrity of the authority file itself.
    Ex. The concept of policy may, therefore, be carried one step further.
    Ex. One should take this mission one step further by defining the overlap between the needs of the user and the capabilities of the library or information center.
    Ex. This session will provide insight into how digitised services can be developed further in the future.
    * * *
    (v.) = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further, develop + further

    Ex: The special auxiliaries allow the process of synthesis to be taken one stage further.

    Ex: Progressing a stage further, it would be economically short-sighted, to say the least, for a large co-operative network such as OCLC in the United States or BLCMP in the UK, not to take advantage of the MARC service.
    Ex: The problem arises from the fact that it is very difficult to fix an absolute level of analysis; there is nearly always the possibility of carrying our analysis one stage further.
    Ex: So we can develop our significance order one stage further, to give us Thing-Material-Action.
    Ex: This has been taken a step further by using a screen editor to 'prevent the human indexer or coder from making syntactic errors in the first place'.
    Ex: We can extend these two concepts one step further, and use them to guarantee the integrity of the authority file itself.
    Ex: The concept of policy may, therefore, be carried one step further.
    Ex: One should take this mission one step further by defining the overlap between the needs of the user and the capabilities of the library or information center.
    Ex: This session will provide insight into how digitised services can be developed further in the future.

    Spanish-English dictionary > desarrollar aún más

  • 126 помня

    remember, keep/bear in mind
    нищо не помня I don't remember a thing, my mind is a complete blank
    не помня имена names escape me
    не помня да е имало такова горещо лято this has been the hottest summer within my memory
    той дълго ще помни това he will remember this for a long time, this will stick in his mind for a long time
    трябва да се помни, че one should bear in mind that; it should be borne in mind that, one should not forget that
    * * *
    по̀мня,
    гл., мин. св. деят. прич. по̀мнил remember, keep/bear in mind; нищо не \помня my mind is a complete blank; помни ми думата mark my words; той дълго ще помни това this will stick in his mind for a long time; трябва да се помни, че one should bear in mind that; it should be borne in mind that.
    * * *
    remember: I do not помня anything. - Нищо не помня., Do you помня me? - Помниш ли ме?; mind: помня what I am telling you. - Помни какво ти казвам.; bear in mind
    * * *
    1. remember, keep/bear in mind 2. не ПОМНЯ имена names escape me 3. не помня да е имало такова горещо лято this has been the hottest summer within my memory 4. нищо не ПОМНЯ I don't remember a thing, my mind is a complete blank 5. помни ми думата mark my words 6. той дълго ще помни това he will remember this for a long time, this will stick in his mind for a long time 7. трябва да се помни, че one should bear in mind that; it should be borne in mind that, one should not forget that

    Български-английски речник > помня

  • 127 go on

    vi
    1) ( go further) weitergehen; vehicle weiterfahren;
    to \go on on ahead vorausgehen; vehicle vorausfahren
    2) ( extend) sich akk erstrecken; time voranschreiten;
    the forests seemed to \go on on for ever die Wälder schienen sich bis in die Unendlichkeit zu erstrecken;
    it'll get warmer as the day \go ones on im Laufe des Tages wird es wärmer;
    as time went on, their friendship blossomed im Laufe der Zeit wurde ihre Freundschaft immer tiefer
    3) ( continue) weitermachen; fights anhalten; negotiations andauern ( fam)
    I can't \go on on ich kann nicht mehr;
    you can't \go on on like that indefinitely du kannst nicht ewig so weitermachen;
    we can't \go on on arguing like this wir können nicht immerzu so weiter streiten;
    how can you \go on on as if nothing has happened? wie kannst du nur einfach so weitermachen, als sei nichts passiert?;
    to \go on on trying es weiter versuchen;
    to \go on on working weiterarbeiten;
    to \go on on and on kein Ende nehmen [wollen]
    4) ( continue speaking) weiterreden;
    ( speak incessantly) unaufhörlich reden;
    sorry, please \go on on Entschuldigung, bitte fahren Sie fort;
    he just \go ones on and on er redet echt wie ein Wasserfall ( fam)
    she went on to talk about her time in Africa sie erzählte weiter von ihrer Zeit in Afrika;
    he went on to say that... dann sagte er, dass...;
    “... and then,” he went on... „... und dann“, fuhr er fort...;
    to \go on on about sb/ sth stundenlang über jdn/etw reden;
    to always \go on on [about sth] andauernd [über etw akk] reden
    5) ( criticize)
    to \go on on about sb/ sth dauernd über jdn/etw klagen;
    to \go on on at sb an jdm herumnörgeln [o herummäkeln] ( fam)
    6) ( happen) passieren;
    this has been \go oning on for months now das geht jetzt schon Monate so!;
    what on earth's been \go oning on here? was um alles in der Welt ist denn hier passiert?;
    what's \go oning on here? was geht denn hier vor?
    7) (move on, proceed)
    I always knew that he would \go on on to a successful career ich wusste schon immer, dass er es mal zu etwas bringen würde;
    she went on to do a Phd sie strebte einen Doktortitel an;
    he went on to become a teacher später wurde er Lehrer;
    what proportion of people who are HIV-positive \go on on to develop AIDS? bei wie viel Prozent der HIV-Infizierten bricht tatsächlich AIDS aus?
    8) (start, embark on) anfangen;
    this is the second fishing trip he's gone on this summer das ist dieses Jahr schon sein zweiter Angelurlaub;
    to \go on on [or onto] the attack den Angriff starten;
    to \go on on a diet auf Diät gehen;
    to \go on on the dole stempeln gehen;
    to \go on on an expedition auf eine Expedition gehen;
    to \go on on a half-day week halbtags arbeiten;
    to \go on on [a] holiday in Urlaub gehen;
    to \go on on honeymoon auf Hochzeitsreise gehen;
    to \go on on a journey eine Reise machen;
    to \go on on the pill med die Pille nehmen;
    to \go on on strike in den Streik treten;
    to \go on on tour auf Tournee gehen
    9) tech lights angehen
    10) theat auftreten;
    I don't \go on on until the second act ich komme erst im zweiten Akt dran
    11) sports an der Reihe sein
    to \go on on sth evidence sich akk auf etw akk stützen;
    we haven't got any anything to \go on on yet wir haben noch keine Anhaltspunkte
    13) ( fit)
    to \go on on [sth];
    these boots won't \go on on over my thick socks diese Stiefel passen nicht über meine dicken Socken;
    this shoe just won't \go on on ich kriege diesen Schuh einfach nicht an ( fam)
    to \go on on sth auf etw akk gehören;
    that vice \go ones on the workbench diese Schraubzwinge gehört auf die Werkbank
    to \go on on sth expenses auf etw akk gehen;
    all travel expenses \go on on the company account die Firma übernimmt alle Reisekosten
    \go on on, have another drink na komm, trink noch einen;
    \go on on and ask directions komm, frag nach dem Weg;
    \go on on! los, mach schon!;
    \go on on, tell me! jetzt sag' schon! ( fam)
    what, they eloped? \go on on, you must be kidding! was, sie sind abgehauen? das ist nicht dein Ernst! ( fam)
    to \go on on the swings auf die Schaukel gehen
    my granny is \go oning on [for] ninety meine Oma geht auf die neunzig zu;
    it's \go oning on [for] nine o'clock es geht auf neun zu;
    I'm \go oning on [for] ten! ich bin [schon] fast zehn!

    English-German students dictionary > go on

  • 128 СИНТАКСИС

    1. Общее правило для переводчика: русское существительное, стоящее в начале предложения в косвенном падеже, следует преобразовывать в подлежащее английского предложения, вне зависимости от его исходной синтаксической роли.
    Это наиболее надежный способ построить грамматически правильное и удобопонятное предложение на АЯ.
    a) Конструкция «в + Пр.п» в начале предложения:
    В выступлении президента было подчеркнуто, что никакие ссылки на терроризм не дают американской администрации права выступать в роли международного судьи. – The president’s statement emphasized that no reference to/invoking of terrorism can/give the American Administration the right to act as/ take the role of an international judge.
    ***
    В работе пресс-конференции принимали участие рабочие всех отраслей. – The work of the conference involved/included (замена глагола для достижения естественности звучания английского предложения) workers from all industries/fields/areas.
    ***
    Во французской ноте выражался решительный протест против этих действий. – The French note strongly/vigorously protested/contained a strong protest against such actions.
    ***
    Конструкция «в + Пр.п места» часто используется для ссылок на документ:
    В принятой вчера резолюции… - The resolution adopted/passed yesterday…
    В этом докладе много материалов на данную тему. – This report contains a lot of materials on this subject.
    В этих листках зло писали о порядках на фабрике. – These leaflets harshly criticized the system at the factory.
    @ в результате
    Можно опускать, трансформируя косвенный падеж в подлежащее (см. СИНТАКСИС)
    В результате войны погибло много людей. – The war killed/claimed the lives of a lot of people.
    В результате забастовки заводы были закрыты. – The strike closed down the factories.
    @ в печати
    Переводится посредством трансформации (косвенный падеж -> подлежащее) + (пассив -> актив) см. СИНТАКСИС
    6 июля в афганской печати был опубликован закон о политических партиях. – On July 6 the Afghan press published the law on political parties.
    В международной прессе сообщалось… - The international press reported… @
    б) Конструкция «на + Пр.п.»
    На встрече договорились… - The meeting reached an agreement…
    На рисунке хорошо видны детали. – The picture gives a good view of these details.
    в) Конструкция «о + Пр.п»
    Об этом говорилось уже много раз. – This has been discussed/referred to/addressed/spoken about/spoken to/raised/dealt with many times.
    г) Преобразование косвенного падежа в подлежащее с заменой активного глагола на пассивный:
    О конструктивной роли, которую могли бы сыграть средства массовой информации, следует помнить. – The constructive role which the media could play should be recalled.
    О причинах нынешней напряженности мы уже имели возможность сказать на заседаниях этого комитета. – The reasons for the present tension have already been addressed/are a subject we have already addressed at meetings of this committee.
    д) Перевод предложений, начинающихся со слов в Вин.п.:
    i)используется глагол to be (глагол «широкой семантики» - «бытийный глагол»).
    Крайне опасный характер приобретает теперь терроризм. Extremely dangerous now is terrorism/Of particular danger now is terrorism.
    ii) используются слова that, what или something вместе с «бытийным глаголом»:
    Бесспорными являются тяжелые последствия усилий ЮАР в этой области для безопасности соседних государств. – What is unquestionable/Something which is unquestionable is the serious consequences of South Africa’s steps in this area for the security of neighboring states.
    *** Вполне обоснованным представляется вывод, сделанный Генеральным Секретарем в его недавнем докладе о положении на Ближнем Востоке, о том, что… - What is fully justified is…/Something that would seem fully justified is the conclusion drawn by the Secretary General in his recent report that…
    е) Перевод дополнений в Дат.п.
    Этой тактике «превентивных» ударов должен быть положен конец. – This policy of preventive strikes must be stopped/halted.
    По адресу правления совета высказывалось одобрение. – The board of the council was commended
    ***
    Ему было холодно. – He was cold. Ей хотелось спать. – She felt sleepy.
    ж) Перевод местоимений в Вин.п.
    Их беспокоит, что он все еще не приехал. – They are worried that he hasn’t yet arrived.
    з) Конструкции «от + Род.п.»
    От пожара уцелело всего несколько домов. – The fire spared ( замена глагола) only a few houses.
    От понимания того, что является причиной сползания человечества к ядерной бездне, зависит и ответ на вопрос, можно ли остановить этот страшный процесс. – Understanding the reason for the mankind’s drift towards the nuclear abyss/nuclear disaster determines ( замена глагола) the answer to the question (as to) whether it is possible to stop this frightening/horrendous/fatal process.
    *** От того, сумеет ли мир избежать ядерной катастрофы, зависит решение всех насущных проблем и само существование человеческой цивилизации. – The world’s ability to nuclear catastrophe is decisive/is critical for the resolution of all other urgent/critical problems and for the very survival of civilization. Или Whether of not the world can avoid nuclear catastrophe – this will determine/this is what will determine the resolution…
    2. Перевод оборотов, начинающихся с причастий
    а) Начинать с причастия – напрашиваться на неприятности! Перевод можно начинать со слов that, what или something
    Выдвинутая в заявлении Президента от 15 февраля программа освобождения человечества кс 2000 году от ядерного и иного оружия массового уничтожения рассматривает выделение средств на цели социального и экономического развития в качестве важнейшей сопутствующей меры соглашений по ограничению вооружений и разоружению. –
    That/something which was proposed in the president’s statement of February 15, namely/I mean/that is the program for freeing/delivering mankind by the year 2000 from nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction provides for the allocation of resources for social and economic development as a most important collateral/additional/accompanying measure for arms limitation and disarmament agreements.
    б) Если вероятностное прогнозирование или здравый смысл подсказывают дальнейшее развитие мысли оратора, переводчик может заменить причастие именной конструкцией:
    Интересы этих народов требуют, чтобы были приняты безотлагательные меры по оздоровлению обстановки в регионе. – The interests of those peoples require the taking of immediate measures/measures that can be taken/to improve the situation in the region.
    *** В полной мере здесь должны быть использованы каналы Всемирной кампании за разоружение. – Full use should be made here of the opportunities provided by the World Disarmament Campaign.
    в) Возможно опустить причастие:
    Нам также представляется правильным принятый Комитетом подход к выработке общих рекомендаций, согласно которому акцент будет делаться на качестве разрабатываемых им рекомендаций. – We also believe that the Committee’s approach to drawing up recommendations is correct, namely that stress will be placed on the quality of the recommendations it produces/draws up/makes/comes up with.
    г) Сведение причастного оборота к прилагательному:
    Такой ориентированный на деловой результат подход даст возможность добиться необходимой активизации роли нашей комиссии. – Such a determined/vigorous/single-minded approach will provide/allow for the required/needed stepping up/intensification of the role of our committee.
    3. Перевод предложений, начинающихся с глаголов со значением необходимости и долженствования:
    there is
    Требует своего совершенствования процедура рассмотрения документов. – There is a need to improve the procedure for consideration of documents.
    Необходимо всемерно повышать… - There is a need to raise in every way/it is essential to raise in every way… Необходимо более тесное международное сотрудничество… - There is a need for closer international cooperation/What is needed is closer international cooperation…
    Особенно эффективно использовать there is, если переводчик не хочет вводить подлежащее или ставить глагол в пассивную форму:
    Надо это сделать. – There is a need to do it/
    C.f. We need to do it. (введено подлежащее) This should be done. (глагол в пассиве)
    4. Перевод безличных предложений.
    It is - в качестве тематического подлежащего
    Проводить тренировку лучше днем или вечером. – It is best to do these exercises in the afternoon or evening.
    Легче попасть в беду, чем выпутаться из нее. – It is easier to get into trouble than out of it.
    5. Если прямое дополнение, обозначающее предмет действия, превращается в английском предложении в подлежащее, то сказуемое выражается при помощи пассивной глагольной конструкции.
    Толкали его. – He was pushed.
    Первые шаги в этой области предприняла ЮНЕСКО. – The first steps in this field were taken by UNESCO.
    6. Неопределенно-личные конструкции переводятся пассивом.
    Говорят, он хороший актер. – He is said to be a good actor.
    Ее считают способной учительницей. – She is considered a good teacher. Нам внушали, что наша система лучше. – We have been led to believe/told that our system is better.
    Иногда глагол можно заменить существительным:
    Готовились праздновать Новый год. – Preparations were under way/begun for celebrating New Year.
    7. Безличная конструкция с инфинитивом переводится при помощи местоимения it или личного местоимения.
    Радоваться нам надо, а не плакать. – We should be happy and not cry/instead of crying.
    Не надо так говорить. – You must not say that/You shouldn’t talk like that. Что делать? – What should we/you do?
    8. Русское прилагательное, помещенное на начальное место в предложении с целью выделения, может потребовать при переводе на английский, помимо изменения порядка слов, использования усилительного слова или конструкции.
    Прекрасный ты испекла торт! – What a fantastic cake you baked!
    Видела я первые его шаги. – I saw him take his very first steps. Голодная я! – Am I starving!/Because I’m hungry, that’s why! Невероятная это была история. – It was an absolutely unbelievable story.
    9. Разделение в русском предложении словосочетания с целью логического выделения одного из слов может обусловить наличие в предложении двух интонационных центров.
    Замечательный у тебя муж! – What a wonderful husband you have!
    Очень сильно девочка ушиблась вчера. – She really got badly bruised yesterday. Триста ты мне должен долларов, дорогой! – That’s tree hundred you owe me, kiddo!
    10. Интонационное выделение слова, стоящего в непривычной для себя начальной позиции, показывает, что именно оно особенно важно для говорящего. Такой инвертированный порядок слов характерен для вопросительных предложений в разговорном стиле.
    Он к вам приходит когда? – When is it he’s coming to see you?
    А говорит он ей что? – So what is he telling her?
    ***
    Ваня, мне кажется, не пришел. ( интонационное выделение имени собственного) – I don’t think Vanya came.

    Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > СИНТАКСИС

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