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21 респирация
респирация
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
respiration
The process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide. (Source: CED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > респирация
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22 экосистема города
экосистема города
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
urban ecosystem
Towns and cities viewed as ecosystems, having an input of matter and energy, recycling within the system, and an output of matter and energy into the surroundings. (Source: GILP96)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экосистема города
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23 окружающий нас мир
Mathematics: the surroundingsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > окружающий нас мир
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24 ориентированность в окружающей обстановке
Aviation medicine: awareness of the surroundingsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ориентированность в окружающей обстановке
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25 осведомлённость в окружающей обстановке
Aviation medicine: awareness of the surroundingsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > осведомлённость в окружающей обстановке
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26 согласоваться с окружающей обстановкой
Architecture: keep with the surroundingsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > согласоваться с окружающей обстановкой
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27 приклеенный
Приклеенный к-- Each heater/plate assembly is insulated with 50 mm of foam insulation glued to its back surface, to minimize heat loss to the surroundings.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > приклеенный
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28 зароторное пространство
Ядерный экспортный контроль. Русско-английский словарь-справочник > зароторное пространство
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29 Д-51
МЕНЯТЬ/ПЕРЕМЕНИТЬ (СМЕНИТЬ) ДЕКОРАЦИИ VP subj: human often infin with пора, надо etc fixed WOto make changes in one's physical surroundings, one's behavior, the outward manifestations of one's views etcusu. in an attempt to conform to changed circumstances) (in contemp. usage often used in political contexts with the implication that one is trying to create the impression that he has changed his views, convictions etc although he has not)X переменил декорации = ( usu. in refer, to changing one's physical surroundings) X changed his decorX changed things around X made some changes X changed the face (the look) of things X put a new face (a fresh face, a new look) on things X gave his office (his kitchen etc) a face-liftХ-ы переменили декорации - (in refer, to changing one's views etc) Xs changed their tuneXs did an about-face Xs shifted their positionX-y пора переменить декорации - X needs a change of sceneryiCs time for X to make a change, о ПЕРЕМЕНА ДЕКОРАЦИЙ NP sing only) = ( usu. in refer, to one's changing his physical surroundings) change of decor new face on things new look face-lift (in refer, to one's changing his views etc) change of tune change of heart about-face.Вчерашние коммунисты быстро переменили декорации и стали выдавать себя за демократов. Yesterday's communists quickly changed their tune and started passing themselves off as democrats. -
30 менять декорации
• МЕНЯТЬ/ПЕРЕМЕНЯТЬ < СМЕНЯТЬ> ДЕКОРАЦИИ[VP; subj: human; often infin with пора, надо etc; fixed WO]=====⇒ to make changes in one's physical surroundings, one's behavior, the outward manifestations of one's views etc (usu. in an attempt to conform to changed circumstances) (in contemp. usage often used in political contexts with the implication that one is trying to create the impression that he has changed his views, convictions etc although he has not):- X переменил декорации≈ [usu. in refer, to changing one's physical surroundings] X changed his decor;- X changed the face < the look> of things;- X put a new face <a fresh face, a new look> on things;- X gave his office (his kitchen etc) a face-lift;- it's time for X to make a change,○ ПЕРЕМЕНА ДЕКОРАЦИЙ [NP; sing only]≈ [usu. in refer, to one's changing his physical surroundings] change of decor; new face on things; new look; face-lift; [in refer, to one's changing his views etc] change of tune; change of heart; about-face.♦ Вчерашние коммунисты быстро переменили декорации и стали выдавать себя за демократов. Yesterday's communists quickly changed their tune and started passing themselves off as democrats.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > менять декорации
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31 перемена декораций
• МЕНЯТЬ/ПЕРЕМЕНЯТЬ < СМЕНЯТЬ> ДЕКОРАЦИИ[VP; subj: human; often infin with пора, надо etc; fixed WO]=====⇒ to make changes in one's physical surroundings, one's behavior, the outward manifestations of one's views etc (usu. in an attempt to conform to changed circumstances) (in contemp. usage often used in political contexts with the implication that one is trying to create the impression that he has changed his views, convictions etc although he has not):- X переменил декорации≈ [usu. in refer, to changing one's physical surroundings] X changed his decor;- X changed the face < the look> of things;- X put a new face <a fresh face, a new look> on things;- X gave his office (his kitchen etc) a face-lift;- it's time for X to make a change,○ ПЕРЕМЕНА ДЕКОРАЦИЙ [NP; sing only]≈ [usu. in refer, to one's changing his physical surroundings] change of decor; new face on things; new look; face-lift; [in refer, to one's changing his views etc] change of tune; change of heart; about-face.♦ Вчерашние коммунисты быстро переменили декорации и стали выдавать себя за демократов. Yesterday's communists quickly changed their tune and started passing themselves off as democrats.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > перемена декораций
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32 переменить декорации
• МЕНЯТЬ/ПЕРЕМЕНЯТЬ < СМЕНЯТЬ> ДЕКОРАЦИИ[VP; subj: human; often infin with пора, надо etc; fixed WO]=====⇒ to make changes in one's physical surroundings, one's behavior, the outward manifestations of one's views etc (usu. in an attempt to conform to changed circumstances) (in contemp. usage often used in political contexts with the implication that one is trying to create the impression that he has changed his views, convictions etc although he has not):- X переменил декорации≈ [usu. in refer, to changing one's physical surroundings] X changed his decor;- X changed the face < the look> of things;- X put a new face <a fresh face, a new look> on things;- X gave his office (his kitchen etc) a face-lift;- it's time for X to make a change,○ ПЕРЕМЕНА ДЕКОРАЦИЙ [NP; sing only]≈ [usu. in refer, to one's changing his physical surroundings] change of decor; new face on things; new look; face-lift; [in refer, to one's changing his views etc] change of tune; change of heart; about-face.♦ Вчерашние коммунисты быстро переменили декорации и стали выдавать себя за демократов. Yesterday's communists quickly changed their tune and started passing themselves off as democrats.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > переменить декорации
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33 сменить декорации
• МЕНЯТЬ/ПЕРЕМЕНЯТЬ < СМЕНЯТЬ> ДЕКОРАЦИИ[VP; subj: human; often infin with пора, надо etc; fixed WO]=====⇒ to make changes in one's physical surroundings, one's behavior, the outward manifestations of one's views etc (usu. in an attempt to conform to changed circumstances) (in contemp. usage often used in political contexts with the implication that one is trying to create the impression that he has changed his views, convictions etc although he has not):- X переменил декорации≈ [usu. in refer, to changing one's physical surroundings] X changed his decor;- X changed the face < the look> of things;- X put a new face <a fresh face, a new look> on things;- X gave his office (his kitchen etc) a face-lift;- it's time for X to make a change,○ ПЕРЕМЕНА ДЕКОРАЦИЙ [NP; sing only]≈ [usu. in refer, to one's changing his physical surroundings] change of decor; new face on things; new look; face-lift; [in refer, to one's changing his views etc] change of tune; change of heart; about-face.♦ Вчерашние коммунисты быстро переменили декорации и стали выдавать себя за демократов. Yesterday's communists quickly changed their tune and started passing themselves off as democrats.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > сменить декорации
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34 среда сред·а
1) (окружение) environment, surroundingsрациональное использование морской среды — management / rational use of marine environment
окружающая среда — environment, human environment (в широком смысле слова) global environment
запретить воздействие на окружающую среду в военных целях — to prohibit action to influence the environment for military purposes
использование технических средств для изменения окружающей среды в военных целях — use of environmental modification techniques for military purposes
оздоровление окружающей среды — environmental sanitation, promotion of environmental health
предприятие, которое соблюдает правила охраны окружающей среды — enterprise environment conscious
прибрежная среда — littoral / near-shore environment
испытания ядерного оружия в трёх средах — nuclear tests / explosions in three environments
2) (совокупность людей) environment, surroundingsв нашей среде — in our midst, amidst us
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35 среда
I жзащи́та окружа́ющей среды́ — protection of the environment, environment protection
загрязне́ние окружа́ющей среды́ — pollution of the environment, environment pollution
II жесте́ственная среда́ обита́ния живо́тного — an animals' habitat/natural surroundings
день недели Wednesdayв сре́ду — on Wednesday
по средам — on Wednesdays, every Wednesday
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36 среда
1. ж.окружающая среда — surroundings; ( о природе) environment
в нашей среде — in out midst, amidst us
подняться выше своей среды — rise* above one's environment
естественная среда биол. — habitat
2. физ. medium (pl. -ia, -ums)2. ж. (день недели)Wednesdayпо средам — on Wednesdays, every Wednesday
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37 окружающий
1) прич. и прил. surroundingокружа́ющая среда́ — surroundings pl; экол. environment
уважа́йте окружа́ющих! — respect the people around you!
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38 окружающая среда (в экологическом менеджменте)
окружающая среда (в экологическом менеджменте)
Среда, в которой функционирует организация, включая воздух, воду, землю, природные ресурсы, флору, фауну, людей, а также их взаимодействие.
Примечание
В данном контексте окружающая среда простирается от среды в пределах организации до систем глобального масштаба.
[ http://www.14000.ru/glossary/main.php?PHPSESSID=25e3708243746ef7c85d0a8408d768af]EN
environment
Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelations.
Note
Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system.
[ISO 14001]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > окружающая среда (в экологическом менеджменте)
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39 длительный допустимый ток
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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40 П-359
ДО СИХ ПОР (ДО СИХ ПОР) PrepP these forms only adv fixed WO1. Also: ДО СЕЙ ПОРЫПО СЮ ПОРУ both obs until the present timeto this dayuntil (till, up till, up to) now to date thus (so) far up to the present day (time) hitherto heretofore still (as) yet (in limited contexts) even now (with negated predic) never.«До сих пор, как вспомню, не могу удержаться от смеха» (Войнович 4). "То this day when I think of it I can't help laughing" (4a).До сих пор он покойно жил, никого не боялся, любому и каждому мог без опаски смотреть в глаза (Тендряков 1). Up till now he had lived quietly, fearing no one, and able to look any man straight in the eye (1a).Если сказать правду, то до сих пор никаких иных отношений с женщинами, кроме заочных, у него (Алтынника) не было (Войнович 5)...If the truth be told, thus far Altinnik's relations with women had been confined to the mail (5a).«А тут на днях налог принесли». - «Налог?» - Михаил озадаченно посмотрел на мать. До сих пор налоги обходили их стороной (Абрамов 1). Then there's that tax thing they brought around the other day" "Taxes?" Mikhail gave his mother a puzzled look. So far, taxes had passed them by (1a)....Слушайте, я буду читать: „Только что вышедшая книга стихов до сих пор неизвестного автора, Фёдора Годунова-Чердынцева, кажется нам явлением столь ярким, поэтический талант автора столь несомненен". Знаете что, оборвем на этом...» (Набоков 1). "...Listen to this-I'm going to read it to you: The newly published collection of poems by the hitherto unknown author Fyodor Godunov-Cherdyntsev strikes one as such a brilliant phenomenon, and the poetic talent of the author is so indisputable...' You know what, I shan't go on..." (1a).(Елена:) Сказал, что приедет утром, а сейчас девять часов, и его нет до сих пор (Булгаков 4). (Е.:) Не said he'd come in the morning, but it's nine o'clock right now, and he still isn't here (4a).Обед этот в семейном и дружеском кругу человека, которым он так восхищался, прежде очень интересовал князя Андрея, тем более что до сих пор он не видал Сперанского в его домашнем быту но теперь ему не хотелось ехать (Толстой 5). The prospect of this dinner in the intimate home circle of the man he so greatly admired had seemed very interesting to Prince Andrei, especially as he had not yet seen Speransky in his domestic surroundings, but now he had lost all desire to go (5a).До сих пор я не знаю, как назвать это состояние... В нем не было ни капли восторженности. Наоборот, оно приносило покой и отдых (Паустовский 1). Even now I don't know what to call this mood....There was not a trace of exaltation in it On the contrary, it brought peace and quiet (1b).Удивительное дело, -размышлял Остап, - как город не догадался до сих пор брать гривенники за вход в Провал» (Ильф и Петров 1). "What а remarkable thing," mused Ostap, "that the town has never thought of charging ten kopeks to see the Drop..." (1a).2. (in refer, to s.o. 's reading, memorizing etc sth.) up to this placeup to hereup to this point this far this much.Я ещё не кончил статью, прочитал только до сих пор. I haven't finished the article yet. I've only read up to here.
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