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  • 21 Darby, Abraham

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1678 near Dudley, Worcestershire, England
    d. 5 May 1717 Madely Court, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England
    [br]
    English ironmaster, inventor of the coke smelting of iron ore.
    [br]
    Darby's father, John, was a farmer who also worked a small forge to produce nails and other ironware needed on the farm. He was brought up in the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and this community remained important throughout his personal and working life. Darby was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a malt-mill maker in Birmingham, and on completion of his apprenticeship in 1699 he took up the trade himself in Bristol. Probably in 1704, he visited Holland to study the casting of brass pots and returned to Bristol with some Dutch workers, setting up a brassworks at Baptist Mills in partnership with others. He tried substituting cast iron for brass in his castings, without success at first, but in 1707 he was granted a patent, "A new way of casting iron pots and other pot-bellied ware in sand without loam or clay". However, his business associates were unwilling to risk further funds in the experiments, so he withdrew his share of the capital and moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. There, iron ore, coal, water-power and transport lay close at hand. He took a lease on an old furnace and began experimenting. The shortage and expense of charcoal, and his knowledge of the use of coke in malting, may well have led him to try using coke to smelt iron ore. The furnace was brought into blast in 1709 and records show that in the same year it was regularly producing iron, using coke instead of charcoal. The process seems to have been operating successfully by 1711 in the production of cast-iron pots and kettles, with some pig-iron destined for Bristol. Darby prospered at Coalbrookdale, employing coke smelting with consistent success, and he sought to extend his activities in the neighbourhood and in other parts of the country. However, ill health prevented him from pursuing these ventures with his previous energy. Coke smelting spread slowly in England and the continent of Europe, but without Darby's technological breakthrough the ever-increasing demand for iron for structures and machines during the Industrial Revolution simply could not have been met; it was thus an essential component of the technological progress that was to come.
    Darby's eldest son, Abraham II (1711–63), entered the Coalbrookdale Company partnership in 1734 and largely assumed control of the technical side of managing the furnaces and foundry. He made a number of improvements, notably the installation of a steam engine in 1742 to pump water to an upper level in order to achieve a steady source of water-power to operate the bellows supplying the blast furnaces. When he built the Ketley and Horsehay furnaces in 1755 and 1756, these too were provided with steam engines. Abraham II's son, Abraham III (1750–89), in turn, took over the management of the Coalbrookdale works in 1768 and devoted himself to improving and extending the business. His most notable achievement was the design and construction of the famous Iron Bridge over the river Severn, the world's first iron bridge. The bridge members were cast at Coalbrookdale and the structure was erected during 1779, with a span of 100 ft (30 m) and height above the river of 40 ft (12 m). The bridge still stands, and remains a tribute to the skill and judgement of Darby and his workers.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (the best source for the lives of the Darbys and the work of the company).
    H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Darby, Abraham

  • 22 गङ्गा _gaṅgā

    गङ्गा [गम्-गन्; Uṇ.1.12]
    1 The river Ganges, the most sacred river in India; अधोधो गङ्गेयं पदमुपगता स्तोकमथवा Bh.2.1; R.2.26;13.57; (mentioned in Rv.1.75.5, along with other rivers considered sacred in India).
    -2 The Ganges personified as a goddess. [Gaṅgā is the eldest daughter of Himavat. It is said that a curse of Brahmā made her come down upon earth, where she became the first wife of King Śantanu. She bore him eight sons, of whom Bhīṣma, the youngest, became a well-known personage, renowned for his valour and life-long celibacy. According to another account she came down on earth being propitiated by Bhagīratha; see भगीरथ and जह्नु also; and cf. Bh.2. 1]. इमं मे गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति Mahānār. Up.5.4.
    -Comp. -अम्बु, -अम्भस् n.
    1 water of the Ganges.
    -2 pure rain-water (such as falls in the month of आश्विन).
    -अवतारः 1 the descent of the Ganges on the earth; भगीरथ इव दृष्टगङ्गावतारः K.32 (where गङ्गा˚ also means 'descent into the Ganges' for ablution).
    -2 N. of a sacred place.
    -अष्टकम् a collection of eight verses addressed to the Ganges; गङ्गाष्टकं पठति यः प्रयतः प्रभाते वाल्मीकिना विरचितं शुभदं मनुष्यः ।
    -उद्भेदः the source of the Ganges.
    -क्षेत्रम् the river Ganges and the district two Koss on either of its banks.
    -चिल्ली Gangetic kite.
    -जः, -सुतः 1 N. of Bhīṣma.
    -2 of Kārtikeya; गङ्गासुतस्त्वं स्वमतेन देव स्वाहामहीकृत्तिकानां तथैव Mb.3.232.15.
    -जलम् the holy water (by which it is customary to administer oaths).
    -दत्तः an epithet of Bhīsma.
    -द्वारम् the place where the Ganges enters the plains (also called हरिद्वार); गङ्गाद्वारं प्रति महान्बभूव भगवानृषिः Mb.1.13.33.
    -धरः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 the ocean. ˚पुरम् N. of a town.
    -पुत्रः 1 N. of Bhīṣma.
    -2 of Kārtikeya.
    -3 a man of a mixed and vile caste whose business is to remove dead bodies.
    -4 a Brāhmaṇa who conducts pilgrims to the Ganges.
    -भृत् m.
    1 N. of Śiva.
    -2 the ocean.
    -मध्यम् the bed of the Ganges.
    -यात्रा 1 a pilgrimage to the Ganges.
    -2 carrying a sick person to the river-side to die there.
    -लहरी N. of poem by Jagannātha Paṇḍita.
    -सप्तमी the 7th day in the light half of वैशाख.
    -सागरः the place where the Ganges enters the ocean.
    -सुप्तः 1 an epithet of Bhīsma.
    -2 of Kartikya.
    -ह्रदः N. of a तीर्थ.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > गङ्गा _gaṅgā

  • 23 couler

    couler [kule]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. intransitive verb
       a. [liquide, fromage] to run ; [sang, larmes, rivière] to flow ; [bougie] to drip
    • couler de source ( = être clair) to be obvious ; ( = s'enchaîner) to follow naturally
       b. faire couler [+ eau] to run
       c. [robinet] to run ; ( = fuir) to leak
       d. [bateau, personne] to sink ; [entreprise] to go under
    2. transitive verb
       a. [+ cire, ciment] to pour ; [+ métal, statue, cloche] to cast
       c. [+ bateau] to sink ; ( = faire échouer) (inf) [+ candidat] to bring down ; [+ entreprise] to wreck
    3. reflexive verb
       a. ( = se glisser)
    se couler dans/à travers to slip into/through
       b. se la couler douce (inf) ( = avoir la belle vie) to have an easy time of it (inf) ; ( = paresser) to take it easy
    * * *
    kule
    1.
    1) ( verser) to cast [métal, verre]; to pour [béton]
    2) ( fabriquer) to cast [buste, cloche]
    3) ( faire sombrer) lit to sink [navire]; fig (colloq) to put [something] out of business [entreprise, commerce]
    4) (colloq) ( faire échouer) [matière, épreuve] to make [somebody] fail [élève, étudiant]

    ce sont les maths qui l'ont coulé — it was his maths mark GB ou math grade US that brought him down


    2.
    verbe intransitif
    1) ( se mouvoir) [eau, ruisseau, boue, larmes, sang] to flow; [sève, peinture, colle, maquillage] to run

    couler de — to run ou flow from [robinet, fontaine, réservoir]; to run ou flow out of [plaie]

    faire couler quelque chose — to run [eau]; to pour [vin, mazout]

    2) ( se fluidifier) [fromage] to go runny
    3) ( glisser) [neige] to slide
    4) ( fuir) [robinet, stylo] to leak; [nez] to run
    5) ( sombrer) [bateau, personne] to sink
    6) ( passer paisiblement) liter [vie, temps] to slip by
    7) Botanique [fleur, fruit] to drop
    8) (colloq) ( faire faillite) [entreprise, projet] to go under, to sink

    faire couler une société — [personne, concurrence] to put a company out of business

    9) ( être bien formulé) to flow

    3.
    se couler verbe pronominal ( se glisser)

    se couler dans — to slip into [foule]; to slip between [draps]

    se couler entre — to slip between [obstacles, gens]

    ••
    * * *
    kule
    1. vi
    1) [eau, cours d'eau] to flow, to run

    La rivière coulait lentement. — The river flowed slowly.

    Le sang qui coule dans mes veines. — The blood flowing in my veins.

    couler à flot; couler à flots [champagne] — to flow freely

    l'argent coule à flot; l'argent coule à flots — there's plenty of money

    2) [robinet, nez] to run

    Ne laissez pas couler les robinets. — Don't leave the taps running., Don't leave the taps on.

    avoir le nez qui coule; J'ai le nez qui coule. — My nose is running.

    faire couler [eau, bain] — to run

    faire couler beaucoup d'encre [livre, film, sujet, article, chiffre] — to cause a lot of ink to flow, to be much written about

    3) (= sombrer) [bateau] to sink

    Un bateau a coulé pendant la tempête. — A boat sank during the storm.

    couler à pic — to sink straight to the bottom, to go straight to the bottom

    4) (= faire faillite) [entreprise] to go under

    Ça coule de source. — It's obvious.

    2. vt
    1) [cloche, sculpture] to cast
    2) [bateau] to sink
    3) fig, [entreprise] to put out of business
    4) (= passer) [jours, vie] to enjoy

    couler une bielle; Il a coulé une bielle. — His big end went.

    * * *
    couler verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( verser) to cast [métal, verre]; to pour [béton]; couler une dalle de béton to make a concrete slab;
    2 ( fabriquer) to cast [buste, cloche]; couler un bronze lit to cast a bronze; ( déféquer)◑ to have a crap○;
    3 ( faire sombrer) lit to sink [navire]; fig○ to put [sth] out of business [entreprise, commerce]; le supermarché a coulé l'épicerie du quartier the supermarket has put the corner shop out of business;
    4 ○( faire échouer) [matière, épreuve] to make [sb] fail [élève, étudiant]; ce sont les maths qui l'ont coulé it was his maths mark GB ou math grade US that brought him down; les scandales l'ont coulé the scandals ruined him○;
    5 ( glisser discrètement) liter couler qch dans qch to slip sth into sth; il a coulé une lettre dans ma poche he slipped a letter into my pocket; couler un regard vers qch/qn to steal a glance at sth/sb.
    B vi
    1 ( se mouvoir) [eau, ruisseau, boue, larmes, sang] to flow; [sève, peinture, colle, maquillage] to run; la Saône coule à Lyon the Saône flows through Lyons; ton rimmel® a coulé your mascara has run; le sang/la sueur coulait sur mon front blood/sweat was running down my forehead; couler de to run ou flow from [robinet, fontaine, réservoir]; to run ou flow out of [plaie]; faire couler qch to run [eau]; to pour [vin, mazout]; faire couler un bain to run a bath; fais-toi couler un bain run yourself a bath;
    2 ( se fluidifier) [fromage] to go runny;
    3 ( glisser) [neige] to slide; faire couler du sable entre ses doigts to let some sand run through one's fingers; allez bois, ça coule tout seul! come on drink it, it just slips down;
    4 ( fuir) [robinet, tube, stylo] to leak; [nez] to run; j'ai le nez qui coule my nose is running, I've got a runny nose;
    5 ( sombrer) [bateau, personne] to sink; je coule! I'm drowning!; faire couler un bateau to sink a boat;
    6 ( passer paisiblement) liter [vie, temps] to slip by;
    7 Bot [fleur, fruit] to drop;
    8 ○( faire faillite) [entreprise, projet] to go under, to sink; faire couler une société [personne, concurrence] to put a company out of business;
    9 ( être bien formulé) [phrases, vers, paroles] to flow.
    C se couler vpr ( se glisser) se couler dans to slip into [foule, ouverture]; to slip between [draps]; se couler entre to slip between [piquets, obstacles, gens].
    couler des jours heureux to lead a happy life.
    [kule] verbe intransitif
    1. [fleuve, eau] to run, to flow
    b. [goutte à goutte] sweat was trickling down his face
    le sable/l'argent coule entre ses doigts sand/money trickles through her fingers
    faire couler de la salive (figuré) to cause some tongue-wagging, to set the tongues wagging
    il coulera de l'eau sous les ponts avant que... there'll be a lot of water under the bridge before...
    2. [progresser facilement] to flow
    laisse couler! (familier) don't bother!, just drop it!
    3. [avoir une fuite - robinet] to leak, to drip
    4. [se liquéfier - fromage, bougie] to run
    5. [sombrer - nageur] to go under ; [ - bateau] to go down, to sink
    [entreprise, politicien] to sink, to go down
    ————————
    [kule] verbe transitif
    1. [faire sombrer - bateau] to sink ; [ - entreprise, concurrent] to sink, to bring down (separable)
    2. (littéraire) [passer]
    3. [ciment] to pour
    [métal] to cast
    4. [fabriquer - statue] to cast
    ————————
    se couler verbe pronominal intransitif
    [se glisser]
    ————————
    se couler verbe pronominal transitif

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > couler

  • 24 энергия ГЭС

    1. hydroelectric energy

     

    энергия ГЭС
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    hydroelectric energy
    The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. (Source: PORT / PHC / PZ)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > энергия ГЭС

  • 25 источник

    м.
    1) ( начало реки) source; (родник, ключ) spring

    пройти́ вдоль ру́сла реки́ до её исто́чника — follow the river back to its source

    минера́льный исто́чник — mineral spring

    2) (рд.; начало, место или причина происхождения чего-л) source (of)

    исто́чники сырья́ — sources of raw materials

    исто́чник напряжённости — source / seat of tension

    исто́чник то́ка / пита́ния эл. — source of current, power supply

    исто́чник дохо́да эк. — source of income

    нало́г, уде́рживаемый у исто́чника бух. — withholding tax

    исто́чник финанси́рования — source of financing / funding

    исто́чник информа́ции — source of information

    достове́рный [официа́льный] исто́чник — reliable [official] source

    согласно цита́те из нена́званного исто́чника — an unnamed source was quoted as saying (that)

    рабо́та напи́сана по исто́чникам — the work has been compiled from original sources

    укажи́те исто́чники — list your sources

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > источник

  • 26 πόρος

    πόρος, ὁ, ([etym.] πείρω, περάω)
    A means of passing a river, ford, ferry, Θρύον Ἀλφειοῖο π. Thryum the ford of the Alphëus, Il.2.592, h.Ap. 423, cf. h.Merc. 398;

    πόρον ἷξον Ξάνθου Il.14.433

    ;

    Ἀξίου π. A.Pers. 493

    ; ἀπικνέεται ἐς τὸν π.τῆς διαβάσιος to the place of the passage, Hdt.8.115;

    π. διαβὰς Ἅλυος A.Pers. 864

    (lyr.);

    τοῦ κατ' Ὠρωπὸν π. μηδὲν πραττέσθω IG12.40.22

    .
    2 narrow part of the sea, strait,

    διαβὰς πόρον Ὠκεανοῖο Hes.Th. 292

    ;

    παρ' Ὠκεανοῦ.. ἄσβεστον π. A.Pr. 532

     (lyr.); π. Ἕλλης ([dialect] Dor. Ἕλλας), = Ἑλλήσποντος, Pi.Fr. 189, A.Pers. 875(lyr.), Ar.V. 308(lyr.); Ἰόνιος π. the Ionian Sea which is the passage-way from Greece to Italy, Pi.N.4.53;

    πέλαγος αἰγαίου πόρου E.Hel. 130

    ; Εὔξεινος, ἄξενος π. (cf.

    πόντος 11

    ), Id.Andr. 1262, IT 253; διάραντες τὸν π., i.e. the sea between Sicily and Africa, Plb.1.37.1; ἐν πόρῳ in the passage-way (of ships), in the fair-way, Hdt.7.183, Th. 1.120, 6.48;

    ἐν π. τῆς ναυμαχίης Hdt.8.76

    ;

    ἕως τοῦ π. τοῦ κατὰ τὸν ὅρμον τὸν Ἀφροδιτοπολίτην PHib.1.38.5

    (iii B.C.).
    3 periphr., πόροι ἁλός the paths of the sea, i.e. the sea, Od.12.259;

    Αἰγαίου πόντοιο πλατὺς π. D.P.131

    ;

    ἐνάλιοι π. A.Pers. 453

    ; π.ἁλίρροθοι ib. 367, S.Aj. 412(lyr.); freq. of rivers, π. Ἀλφεοῦ, Σκαμάνδρου, i.e. the Alphëus, Scamander, etc., Pi.O.1.92, A.Ch. 366(lyr.), etc.;

    ῥυτοὶ π. Id.Eu. 452

    , cf. 293; Πλούτωνος π. the river Pluto, Id.Pr. 806: metaph., βίου π. the stream of life, Pi.I.8(7).15;

    π. ὕμνων Emp.35.1

    .
    4 artificial passage over a river, bridge, Hdt.4.136, 140, 7.10.

    γ;

     aqueduct,

    IG7.93

    (Megara, V A.D., restd.), Epigr.Gr.1073.4 ([place name] Samos).
    5 generally, pathway, way, A.Ag. 910, S.Ph. 705(lyr.), etc.; track of a wild beast, X.Cyr.1.6.40; αἰθέρα θ' ἁγνὸν πόρον οἰωνῶν their pathway, A.Pr. 284(anap.); ἐν τῷ π.εἶναι to be in the way, Sammelb.7356.11(ii A.D.): metaph.,

    πραπίδων πόροι A.Supp.94

    (lyr.).
    6 passage through a porous substance, opening, Epicur.Ep.1pp.10,18 U.; esp. passage through the skin, οἱ πόροι the pores or passages by which the ἀπορροαί passed, acc. to Empedocles,

    πόρους λέγετε εἰς οὓς καὶ δι' ὧν αἱ ἀπορροαὶ πορεύονται Pl.Men. 76c

    , cf. Epicur. Fr. 250, Metrod. Fr.7,Ti.Locr.100e;

    νοητοὶ π. S.E.P.2.140

    ; opp. ὄγκοι, Gal. 10.268; so of sponges, Arist. HA 548b31; of plants, Id.Pr. 905b8, Thphr.CP1.2.4, HP1.10.5.
    b of other ducts or openings of the body, π. πρῶτος, of the womb, Hp. ap. Poll.2.222; πόροι σπερματικοί, θορικοὶ π., Arist.GA 716b17, 720b13; π.

    ὑστερικοί

     the ovaries.

    Id.HA 570a5

    , al.; τροφῆς π., of the oesophagus, Id.PA 650a15, al.; of the rectum, Id.GA 719b29; of the urinal duct, ib. 773a21; of the arteries and veins, Id.HA 510a14, etc.
    c passages leading from the organs of sensation to the brain,

    ψυχὴ παρεσπαρμένη τοῖς π. Pl.Ax. 366a

    ;

    οἱ π. τοῦ ὄμματος Arist.Sens. 438b14

    , cf. HA 495a11, PA 656b17; ὤτων, μυκτήρων, Id.GA 775a2, cf. 744a2; of the optic nerves, Heroph. ap. Gal.7.89.
    II c. gen. rei, way or means of achieving, accomplishing, discovering, etc.,

    οὐκ ἐδύνατο π. οὐδένα τούτου ἀνευρεῖν Hdt.2.2

    ;

    οὐδεὶς π. ἐφαίνετο τῆς ἁλώσιος Id.3.156

    ;

    τῶν ἀδοκήτων π. ηὗρε θεός E.Med. 1418

     (anap.); π. ὁδοῦ a means of performing the journey, Ar. Pax 124;

    π. ζητήματος Pl.Tht. 191a

    ; but also π. κακῶν a means of escaping evils, a way out of them, E.Alc. 213 (lyr.): c. inf.,

    πόρος νοῆσαι Emp.4.12

    ;

    π. εὐθαρσεῖν And.2.16

    ;

    π. τις μηχανή τε.. ἀντιτείσασθαι E.Med. 260

    : with Preps.,

    π. ἀμφί τινος A.Supp. 806

     codd. (lyr.); περί τινος dub. in Ar.Ec. 653;

    πόροι πρὸς τὸ πολεμεῖν X. An.2.5.20

    .
    2 abs., providing, means of providing, opp. ἀπορία, Pl. Men. 78d sq.; contrivance, device,

    οἵας τέχνας τε καὶ π. ἐμησάμην A.Pr. 477

    ; δεινὸς γὰρ εὑρεῖν κἀξ ἀμηχάνων πόρον ib.59, cf. Ar.Eq. 759;

    μέγας π. A.Pr. 111

    ;

    τίνα π. εὕρω πόθεν; E.IA 356

     (troch.).
    3 π. χρημάτων a way of raising money, financial provision, X.Ath.3.2, HG1.6.12, D.1.19, IG7.4263.2 (Oropus, iii B.C.), etc.;

    ὁ π. τῶν χρ. D.4.29

    , IG12(5).1001.1 (Ios, iv B.C.); without χρημάτων, SIG284.23 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), etc.;

    μηχανᾶσθαι προσόδου π. X.Cyr.1.6.10

    , cf. PTeb.75.6 (ii B.C.): in pl., 'ways and means', resources, revenue,

    πόροι χρημάτων D. 18.309

    : abs.,

    πόρους πορίζειν Hyp.Eux.37

    , cf. X.Cyr.1.6.9 (sg.), Arist. Rh. 1359b23; πόροι ἢ περὶ προσόδων, title of work by X.: sg., source of revenue, endowment, OGI544.24 (Ancyra, ii A.D.), 509.12,14 (Aphrodisias, ii A.D.), etc.
    b assessable income or property, taxable estate, freq. in Pap., as BGU1189.11 (i A.D.), etc.; liability, PHamb.23.29 (vi A.D.), etc.
    III journey, voyage,

    μακρᾶς κελεύθου π. A. Th. 546

    ;

    παρόρνιθας π. τιθέντες Id.Eu. 770

    , cf. E.IT 116, etc.; ἐν τῷ π. πλοῖον ἀνατρέψαι on its passage, Aeschin.3.158.
    IV Π personified as father of Ἔρως, Pl.Smp. 203b.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πόρος

  • 27 по мере того, как мы приближались к верховьям реки, русло её становилось все более извилистым

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > по мере того, как мы приближались к верховьям реки, русло её становилось все более извилистым

  • 28 أصل

    أَصْل \ basis, bases: a fact, idea or condition on which sth. is arranged: Payment is planned on the basis of forty hours work a week. Try to keep on a friendly basis with your neighbours. blood: family; family relationship: a blood relation; a man of noble blood. descent: family going back into the past: a man of noble descent. origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. root: a part of the body from which sth. grows: the root of a hair or tooth, a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also أساس (أَساس)، نسب (نَسَب)، منشأ (مَنْشأ)‏ \ أَصْل \ derivation: a word or words from which another word has been formed. \ See Also مَنْشَأ كَلِمَة \ أَصْل أو مَصْدَر الفِعل (باللغة الإنجليزيّة)‏ \ infinitive: the form of a verb that can be used after other verbs and with to before it, such as to go and go in: ‘I want to go’ or ‘Let him go’.

    Arabic-English dictionary > أصل

  • 29 مصدر

    مَصْدَر \ origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. resource: a part of wealth or possessions which can be put to use: Oil is Kuwait’s most important natural resource. root: a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also منبع (مَنْبَع)‏ \ مَصْدَر إزْعاج \ bother: (a cause of) trouble. nuisance: sb. or sth. that annoys or causes trouble: Noisy children are a nuisance. It’s a nuisance that I’ve lost my keys. \ مَصْدَر راحَة \ comfort: sb. or sth. that cheers: His daughter was a great comfort to him when his wife died. \ See Also سَلْوى \ مَصْدَر سُرور وبَهْجَة \ joy: sth. that gives happiness: My children are a great joy to me. Life is full of joys and sorrows. \ مَصْدَر الفِعل (باللغة الانجليزية)‏ \ infinitive: the form of a verb that can be used after other verbs and with to before it, such as to go and go in ‘I want to go’ or ‘Let him go’. \ مَصْدَر قَلَق \ worry: anxiety; a cause of anxiety: She became ill with worry. His son’s wild behaviour is a continual worry to him. \ See Also هم (هَمّ)‏ \ مَصْدَر نور \ light: sth. (lamp, candle, etc.) that is made so as to give light: Turn out the lights. \ المَصْدَر واسْم المَصْدَر (صِيغَة)‏ \ gerund: the noun form of all English verbs (-ing is added to the verb’s root);. riding and wasting are gerunds in:: I like riding. Wasting money is foolish.

    Arabic-English dictionary > مصدر

  • 30 basis, bases

    أَصْل \ basis, bases: a fact, idea or condition on which sth. is arranged: Payment is planned on the basis of forty hours work a week. Try to keep on a friendly basis with your neighbours. blood: family; family relationship: a blood relation; a man of noble blood. descent: family going back into the past: a man of noble descent. origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. root: a part of the body from which sth. grows: the root of a hair or tooth, a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also أساس (أَساس)، نسب (نَسَب)، منشأ (مَنْشأ)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > basis, bases

  • 31 blood

    أَصْل \ basis, bases: a fact, idea or condition on which sth. is arranged: Payment is planned on the basis of forty hours work a week. Try to keep on a friendly basis with your neighbours. blood: family; family relationship: a blood relation; a man of noble blood. descent: family going back into the past: a man of noble descent. origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. root: a part of the body from which sth. grows: the root of a hair or tooth, a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also أساس (أَساس)، نسب (نَسَب)، منشأ (مَنْشأ)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > blood

  • 32 descent

    أَصْل \ basis, bases: a fact, idea or condition on which sth. is arranged: Payment is planned on the basis of forty hours work a week. Try to keep on a friendly basis with your neighbours. blood: family; family relationship: a blood relation; a man of noble blood. descent: family going back into the past: a man of noble descent. origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. root: a part of the body from which sth. grows: the root of a hair or tooth, a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also أساس (أَساس)، نسب (نَسَب)، منشأ (مَنْشأ)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > descent

  • 33 origin

    أَصْل \ basis, bases: a fact, idea or condition on which sth. is arranged: Payment is planned on the basis of forty hours work a week. Try to keep on a friendly basis with your neighbours. blood: family; family relationship: a blood relation; a man of noble blood. descent: family going back into the past: a man of noble descent. origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. root: a part of the body from which sth. grows: the root of a hair or tooth, a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also أساس (أَساس)، نسب (نَسَب)، منشأ (مَنْشأ)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > origin

  • 34 root

    أَصْل \ basis, bases: a fact, idea or condition on which sth. is arranged: Payment is planned on the basis of forty hours work a week. Try to keep on a friendly basis with your neighbours. blood: family; family relationship: a blood relation; a man of noble blood. descent: family going back into the past: a man of noble descent. origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. root: a part of the body from which sth. grows: the root of a hair or tooth, a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also أساس (أَساس)، نسب (نَسَب)، منشأ (مَنْشأ)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > root

  • 35 ब्रह्मपुत्र


    brahma-putrá
    m. the son of a priest orﾠ Brāhman RV. ṠBr. ĀṡvṠr. ;

    a son of Brahmā. (as Sanat-kumāra, Vasishṭha etc.) Hariv. R. Pur. (- tā f.);
    a kind of vegetable poison Bhpr. ;
    N. of a river (rising on the Tibet side of the Himâlaya andﾠ falling with the Ganges into the Bay of Bengal) Cat. ;
    of a lake ib. ;
    of a place of pilgrimage (prob. the source of the Brahma-putra river) W. ;
    of a sacred district L. ;
    (ī) f. a kind of esculent root (= vārāhī) L. ;
    « Brahmā. 's daughter»
    N. of the river Sarasvatī L. (cf. - nadī)

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > ब्रह्मपुत्र

  • 36 origin

    مَصْدَر \ origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. resource: a part of wealth or possessions which can be put to use: Oil is Kuwait’s most important natural resource. root: a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also منبع (مَنْبَع)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > origin

  • 37 resource

    مَصْدَر \ origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. resource: a part of wealth or possessions which can be put to use: Oil is Kuwait’s most important natural resource. root: a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also منبع (مَنْبَع)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > resource

  • 38 root

    مَصْدَر \ origin: the place where sth. began or was made; the first cause: These stories are of African origin. What was the origin of your quarrel?. resource: a part of wealth or possessions which can be put to use: Oil is Kuwait’s most important natural resource. root: a first cause (of trouble, etc.): It is often said that money is the ‘root of all evil’. source: the place from which something comes; the place where a stream of water starts: Try to find the source of the trouble. Follow the river to discover its source. \ See Also منبع (مَنْبَع)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > root

  • 39 пройти по реке до её истока

    1) General subject: (вверх) trace the river to its source

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > пройти по реке до её истока

  • 40 अमर _amara

    अमर a. [मृ-पचाद्यच् न. त.] Undying, immortal, imperishable; अजरामरवत् प्राज्ञो विद्यामर्थं च चिन्तयेत् H. Pr.3, Ms.2.148. अजरो$मरो$मृतः Bṛi. Up.4.4.25.
    -रः 1 A god, deity.
    -2 N. of a Marut.
    -3 N. of a plant Euphorbia Tirucalli (स्नुहीवृक्ष; Mar. शेर). Tiari- dium Indicum (हस्तिशुण्ड ?; Mar. भुरुंडी).
    -4 Quick-silver.
    -5 Gold.
    -6 A species of pine.
    -7 The number 33. (that being the number of Gods.)
    -8 N. of Amarasiṁha, see below; of a mountain.
    -9 Mystical signification of the syllable उ.
    -1 A heap of bones.
    -रा 1 The residence of Indra (cf. अमरावती).
    -2 The naval string; umbilical cord.
    -3 The womb.
    -4 A house-post (स्थूणा).
    -5 N. of several plants; इन्द्रवारुणी, वटी, महानीली, घृतकुमारी, स्नुही, गुडूची, दूर्वा.
    -री The same as अमरा.
    -Comp. -अङ्गना, -स्त्री a celestial nymph, heavenly damsel; मुषाण रत्नानि हरामराङ्गनाः Śi.1. 51.
    -अद्रिः 'mountain of the gods'; हृतामराद्रिस्थानेन ज्ञापितो भौमचेष्टितम् Bhāg.1.59.2. N. of the mountain Sumeru.
    -अधिपः, -इन्द्रः, -ईशः, -ईश्वरः, -पतिः, -भर्ता, -राजः &c. 'The lord of the gods', epithets of Indra; प्रेमदत्तवदना- निलः पिवन्नत्यजीवदमरालकेश्वरौ R.19.15. शान्तं पापं न वः किंचित् कुतश्चिदमराधिप Rām.2.74.22. sometimes of Śiva and Viṣṇu also,
    -आचार्यः, -गुरुः, -इज्यः, 'preceptor of the gods', epithets of Bṛihaspati.
    -आपगा, -तटिनी, -सरित् f. the heavenly river, an epithet of the Ganges; ˚तटिनीरोधसि वसन् Bh.3.123.
    -आलयः the abode of the gods, heaven, तत्रामरालयमरालमरालकेशि N.
    -उत्तम a. the best of the gods.
    - उपम a. God-like.
    -कण्टकम् N. of the part of the Vindhya range which is near the source of the river Narmadā.
    -कोटः 'the fortress of the immortals', N. of the capital of a (modern) Rajaput state.
    -कोशः, -षः N. of the most popular Sanskṛit lexicon called after the author अमरसिंह. ˚कौमुदी Title of a commentary on अमरकोश.
    -गुरुः 1 Bṛihaspati.
    -2 The planet Jupiter.
    -चन्द्रः Name of the author of Bālabhārata.
    -(रं)जयः Conquering the gods. Bhaviṣya P.
    -जः N. of a tree, a kind of खदिर.
    -तरुः, -दारु 1 a celestial tree, a tree in the paradise of Indra; अमरतरुकुसुमसौरभसेवनसंपूर्णसकलकामस्य Bv.1.28.
    -2 देवदारु
    -3 the wish-yielding tree.
    -दत्तः Name of a lexico- grapher, of a prince. Ks.
    -द्विजः a Brāhmaṇa who lives by attending a temple or idol; or one who superintends a temple.
    -पुरम् 1 the residence of the gods, celestial paradise.
    -2 N. of various other towns.
    -पुष्पः, -ष्पकः 1 N. of several plants (केतक, चूत).
    -2 N. of a kind of grass.
    -3 the wish-yielding tree (कल्पवृक्ष).
    -पुष्पिका N. of a plant (अधःपुष्पीवृक्ष); a kind of anise.
    -प्रख्य, -प्रभ a. like an immortal.
    -प्रभुः one of the 1 names of Viṣṇu.
    -माला N. of a lexicon. (said to be composed by the same author as that of Amarakośa.)
    -रत्नम a crystal.
    -राजः N. of Indra.
    -लोकः the world of the gods, heaven; ˚ता heavenly bliss; तेषु सम्यग्वर्तमानो गच्छत्यमरलोकताम् Ms.2.5.
    -वल्लरी N. of a plant (आकाशवल्ली).
    -सिंहः N. of the author of Amarakośa; he was a Jaina and is said to have been one of the 9 gems that adorned the court of king Vikramāditya. The dates of many of these 'gems' are still doubtful.
    -स्त्री An Apsaras or a nymph of heaven.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अमर _amara

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