the+public

quinquĕvir ( V.), i, m., usu. in plur.: quinquĕ-vĭri, ōrum, m. [vir], board of five, the quinquevirs, a board or commission of five men for any official function. Thus, five commissioners,

For the apportionment of lands, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 7:

quinqueviros Pomptino agro dividendo creaverunt,

Liv. 6, 21, 4.—

For regulating indebtedness (quinqueviri mensarii), Liv. 7, 21, 5.—

For repairing walls and towers, Liv. 25, 7, 5.—

As assistants to the tresviri for the watch by night, Liv. 39, 14; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 31 al.—

Under the emperors, a commission to control the public expenditures:

collegium quinquevirorum publicis sumptibus minuendis,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 9.— In sing., a member of the board of five, a quinquevir:

quinquevir,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 136:

scriba ex quinqueviro,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 56.

quinquĕvir ( V.), i, m., usu. in plur.: quinquĕ-vĭri, ōrum, m. [vir], board of five, the quinquevirs, a board or commission of five men for any official function. Thus, five commissioners,

For the apportionment of lands, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 7:

quinqueviros Pomptino agro dividendo creaverunt,

Liv. 6, 21, 4.—

For regulating indebtedness (quinqueviri mensarii), Liv. 7, 21, 5.—

For repairing walls and towers, Liv. 25, 7, 5.—

As assistants to the tresviri for the watch by night, Liv. 39, 14; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 31 al.—

Under the emperors, a commission to control the public expenditures:

collegium quinquevirorum publicis sumptibus minuendis,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 9.— In sing., a member of the board of five, a quinquevir:

quinquevir,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 136:

scriba ex quinqueviro,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 56.

* * *

ĕmo, ēmi, emptum, 3 ( perf. subj. emissim, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 39), v. a. [the same word with EMERE=accipere, Paul. ex Fest. pp. 4, 18, and 76, 1 Müll.; cf. adimo and demo; prop., to take; root yam; Sanscr. yamati, hold fast, Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 158 sq.; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 598 note], to buy, purchase (very freq. in all periods and kinds of composition).

Lit.:

is postquam hunc emit, dedit eum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 19:

qui puellam ab eo emerat,

id. Rud. prol. 59:

emit hosce de praeda,

id. Capt. prol. 34; 1, 2, 2; id. Epid. 1, 1, 62:

aliquid de aliquo,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 64; Cic. Att. 10, 5, 3; 13, 31, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6.—With gen. or abl. pretii (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 444): Ep. Quanti eam emit? Th. Vili. Ep. Quot minis? Th. Quadraginta minis, Plaut. Epid. 1, 1, 49 sq.; so,

quanti,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 41:

tanti, quanti, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:

minoris aut pluris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 7; id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Att. 10, 5, 3 al.:

duodeviginti minis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 74:

duobus milibus nummum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

magno, parvo,

id. Att. 13, 29 fin.:

immenso quaedam,

Suet. Calig. 39 al.:

bene,

i. e. cheap, Cic. Att. 1, 13 fin.; 12, 23, 3:

male,

i. e. dear, id. ib. 2, 4, 1; cf.

care,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 238:

quatuor tabernas in publicum,

for the public, Liv. 39, 44; 44, 16 fin.:

piper in libras,

by the pound, Plin. 12, 7, 14, § 28:

fundum in diem,

on time, on credit, Nep. Att. 9, 5:

per assem et libram,

i. e. to adopt, Suet. Aug. 64 al. — Perf. part. pass. as subst.

empta, ae, f., she who is bought, the slave, Prop. 1, 9, 4.—

emptum, i, n., the purchase, contract of purchase:

quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt,

through buying and selling, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74;

so in jurid. lang.: ex empto,

Dig. 17, 1, 14; cf.

the title: De actionibus empti et venditi,

Dig. 19, 1; Cod. Just. 4, 49.—

Prov.: emere oportet, quem oboedire velis tibi,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 2.—

Trop., to buy, buy up, to purchase, gain, acquire, procure, obtain:

aliquando desinat ea se putare posse emere, quae ipse semper habuit venalia, fidem, jusjurandum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62; cf.:

sententias (judicum),

id. Clu. 36 fin.; and:

animos centurionum,

Tac. H. 4, 57:

ex his (tribunis plebis) emitur ab inimicis meis is, quem, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 33, 72:

militem,

Tac. H. 1, 5 fin.; Suet. Galb. 15:

exercitum,

Flor. 3, 1, 9:

percussorem in aliquem,

Curt. 4, 1 et saep.:

aliquem beneficiis,

to gain over, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 57; cf. Verg. G. 1, 31:

aliquem dote,

Ov. M. 8, 54:

spem pretio,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 11:

immortalitatem morte,

Quint. 9, 3, 71; cf.:

aeternum nomen sanguine,

Ov. Am. 2, 10, 32:

pulmenta laboribus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 48:

voluptatem dolore,

id. ib. 1, 2, 55 et saep.—With a clause as object, Sil. 7, 620:

furtis in manibus emptum est Oedipodae sedisse loco,

Stat. Th. 1, 163:

quantine emptum velit Hannibal, ut nos Vertentes terga aspiciat?

Sil. 10, 287; Just. 23, 2, 8.

ĕmo, ēmi, emptum, 3 ( perf. subj. emissim, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 39), v. a. [the same word with EMERE=accipere, Paul. ex Fest. pp. 4, 18, and 76, 1 Müll.; cf. adimo and demo; prop., to take; root yam; Sanscr. yamati, hold fast, Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 158 sq.; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 598 note], to buy, purchase (very freq. in all periods and kinds of composition).

Lit.:

is postquam hunc emit, dedit eum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 19:

qui puellam ab eo emerat,

id. Rud. prol. 59:

emit hosce de praeda,

id. Capt. prol. 34; 1, 2, 2; id. Epid. 1, 1, 62:

aliquid de aliquo,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 64; Cic. Att. 10, 5, 3; 13, 31, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6.—With gen. or abl. pretii (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 444): Ep. Quanti eam emit? Th. Vili. Ep. Quot minis? Th. Quadraginta minis, Plaut. Epid. 1, 1, 49 sq.; so,

quanti,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 41:

tanti, quanti, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:

minoris aut pluris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 7; id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Att. 10, 5, 3 al.:

duodeviginti minis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 74:

duobus milibus nummum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

magno, parvo,

id. Att. 13, 29 fin.:

immenso quaedam,

Suet. Calig. 39 al.:

bene,

i. e. cheap, Cic. Att. 1, 13 fin.; 12, 23, 3:

male,

i. e. dear, id. ib. 2, 4, 1; cf.

care,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 238:

quatuor tabernas in publicum,

for the public, Liv. 39, 44; 44, 16 fin.:

piper in libras,

by the pound, Plin. 12, 7, 14, § 28:

fundum in diem,

on time, on credit, Nep. Att. 9, 5:

per assem et libram,

i. e. to adopt, Suet. Aug. 64 al. — Perf. part. pass. as subst.

empta, ae, f., she who is bought, the slave, Prop. 1, 9, 4.—

emptum, i, n., the purchase, contract of purchase:

quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt,

through buying and selling, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74;

so in jurid. lang.: ex empto,

Dig. 17, 1, 14; cf.

the title: De actionibus empti et venditi,

Dig. 19, 1; Cod. Just. 4, 49.—

Prov.: emere oportet, quem oboedire velis tibi,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 2.—

Trop., to buy, buy up, to purchase, gain, acquire, procure, obtain:

aliquando desinat ea se putare posse emere, quae ipse semper habuit venalia, fidem, jusjurandum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62; cf.:

sententias (judicum),

id. Clu. 36 fin.; and:

animos centurionum,

Tac. H. 4, 57:

ex his (tribunis plebis) emitur ab inimicis meis is, quem, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 33, 72:

militem,

Tac. H. 1, 5 fin.; Suet. Galb. 15:

exercitum,

Flor. 3, 1, 9:

percussorem in aliquem,

Curt. 4, 1 et saep.:

aliquem beneficiis,

to gain over, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 57; cf. Verg. G. 1, 31:

aliquem dote,

Ov. M. 8, 54:

spem pretio,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 11:

immortalitatem morte,

Quint. 9, 3, 71; cf.:

aeternum nomen sanguine,

Ov. Am. 2, 10, 32:

pulmenta laboribus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 48:

voluptatem dolore,

id. ib. 1, 2, 55 et saep.—With a clause as object, Sil. 7, 620:

furtis in manibus emptum est Oedipodae sedisse loco,

Stat. Th. 1, 163:

quantine emptum velit Hannibal, ut nos Vertentes terga aspiciat?

Sil. 10, 287; Just. 23, 2, 8.

ĕmo, ēmi, emptum, 3 ( perf. subj. emissim, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 39), v. a. [the same word with EMERE=accipere, Paul. ex Fest. pp. 4, 18, and 76, 1 Müll.; cf. adimo and demo; prop., to take; root yam; Sanscr. yamati, hold fast, Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 158 sq.; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 598 note], to buy, purchase (very freq. in all periods and kinds of composition).

Lit.:

is postquam hunc emit, dedit eum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 19:

qui puellam ab eo emerat,

id. Rud. prol. 59:

emit hosce de praeda,

id. Capt. prol. 34; 1, 2, 2; id. Epid. 1, 1, 62:

aliquid de aliquo,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 64; Cic. Att. 10, 5, 3; 13, 31, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6.—With gen. or abl. pretii (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 444): Ep. Quanti eam emit? Th. Vili. Ep. Quot minis? Th. Quadraginta minis, Plaut. Epid. 1, 1, 49 sq.; so,

quanti,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 41:

tanti, quanti, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:

minoris aut pluris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 7; id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Att. 10, 5, 3 al.:

duodeviginti minis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 74:

duobus milibus nummum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

magno, parvo,

id. Att. 13, 29 fin.:

immenso quaedam,

Suet. Calig. 39 al.:

bene,

i. e. cheap, Cic. Att. 1, 13 fin.; 12, 23, 3:

male,

i. e. dear, id. ib. 2, 4, 1; cf.

care,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 238:

quatuor tabernas in publicum,

for the public, Liv. 39, 44; 44, 16 fin.:

piper in libras,

by the pound, Plin. 12, 7, 14, § 28:

fundum in diem,

on time, on credit, Nep. Att. 9, 5:

per assem et libram,

i. e. to adopt, Suet. Aug. 64 al. — Perf. part. pass. as subst.

empta, ae, f., she who is bought, the slave, Prop. 1, 9, 4.—

emptum, i, n., the purchase, contract of purchase:

quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt,

through buying and selling, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74;

so in jurid. lang.: ex empto,

Dig. 17, 1, 14; cf.

the title: De actionibus empti et venditi,

Dig. 19, 1; Cod. Just. 4, 49.—

Prov.: emere oportet, quem oboedire velis tibi,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 2.—

Trop., to buy, buy up, to purchase, gain, acquire, procure, obtain:

aliquando desinat ea se putare posse emere, quae ipse semper habuit venalia, fidem, jusjurandum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62; cf.:

sententias (judicum),

id. Clu. 36 fin.; and:

animos centurionum,

Tac. H. 4, 57:

ex his (tribunis plebis) emitur ab inimicis meis is, quem, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 33, 72:

militem,

Tac. H. 1, 5 fin.; Suet. Galb. 15:

exercitum,

Flor. 3, 1, 9:

percussorem in aliquem,

Curt. 4, 1 et saep.:

aliquem beneficiis,

to gain over, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 57; cf. Verg. G. 1, 31:

aliquem dote,

Ov. M. 8, 54:

spem pretio,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 11:

immortalitatem morte,

Quint. 9, 3, 71; cf.:

aeternum nomen sanguine,

Ov. Am. 2, 10, 32:

pulmenta laboribus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 48:

voluptatem dolore,

id. ib. 1, 2, 55 et saep.—With a clause as object, Sil. 7, 620:

furtis in manibus emptum est Oedipodae sedisse loco,

Stat. Th. 1, 163:

quantine emptum velit Hannibal, ut nos Vertentes terga aspiciat?

Sil. 10, 287; Just. 23, 2, 8.

prōcessus, a, um, Part., from procedo.

prōcessus, ūs, m. [procedo], a going forwards, advance, course, progression, progress, process.

In gen. (class.):

processus dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 65, 232:

processum vult,

the progress of the discourse, id. Or. 62, 210: in Graecis litteris magnum processum habere, Attei. Philol. ap. Suet. Gram. 10:

sin in processu coepit crudescere morbus,

in its course, Verg. G. 3, 504:

amnis,

Sen. Ben. 3, 29, 3:

pelagi,

Rutil. Nam. 1, 439. —In plur.:

tantos processus efficiebat,

Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

sic tua processus habeat fortuna perennes,

Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 25; cf. Juv. 1, 39:

aversatio alienorum processuum,

Sen. Tranq. 2, 11:

inimica semper alienis processibus invidia,

success, good fortune, id. Cons. ad Polyb. 9, 4, § 28:

queruntur et de consiliis et de processibus suis,

of their results, id. Ep. 115, 17:

in malis,

progress, Vulg. Ecclus. 20, 9.—

In partic.

The ceremonious appearance of the consul on assuming office, Dig. 24, 1, 41.—

The public appearance of the emperor (opp. to recensus), Treb. Pol. Gall. 17, 3.—

An attack:

rapidus turmarum,

Amm. 19, 2, 6.—

Transf.

A projection, process, Cels. 8, 1.—

Of time, a passing away, elapsing, lapse (post-class.):

ternis dierum ac noctium processibus,

Prud. Cath. 7, 121: temporis, Firm. 3, 4; Amm. 14, 1, 2; cf. id. 31, 16, 6; Cod. 31, 2, 3.

pūblĭcānus, a, um, adj. [publicus].

Of or belonging to the public revenue, or to the farming of the revenue: muliercula, the wife of a farmer-general (with an odious secondary meaning), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78. —

Subst.: pūblĭcānus, i, m.

A farmer-general of the Roman revenues, usually from the equestrian order (freq. and class.;

syn.: manceps, redemptor),

Cic. Planc. 9, 23; id. Rab. Post. 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32; Liv. 43, 16; 25, 3; 39, 44:

quod publicanus ejus publici nomine vi ademerit quodve familia publicanorum,

Dig. 39, 4, 1, prooem. sqq.; Just. 38, 7, 8.—

In gen., a tax-gatherer, publican, Vulg. Luc. 18, 10.

discussor, ōris, m. [id.], an examiner (late Lat.).

In gen., Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 21, 8.—

In partic., in the later period of the empire, one who revised the accounts of the public revenue in the provinces, an auditor, Gr. logothetês, Cod. Just. 10, tit. 30; Symm. Ep. 5, 76 al.

flāgĭto, āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic inf. pres. pass. flagitarier, Plaut. Men. prol. 48), v. freq. a. [from the root bherag-; Sanscr. bhraj-, to roast; Zend. berja, earnest longing; cf. Gr. phrugô; Lat. frīgĕre, frictum, Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 141 sq.; cf. Gr. phlegô; Lat. flagrare, etc., Corss. Ausspr. 1, 398; Doed. Syn. 2, p. 143), to demand any thing fiercely or violently, to entreat, solicit a thing; or, with a personal object, to press earnestly, importune, dun a person for any thing (qs. flagranter posco, exigo, rogo; cf. also: postulo, peto, etc.).

In gen. (class.); constr., aliquid aliquem; aliquid ( aliquem) ab aliquo or aliquem; with ut or absol.; poet. with an objectclause.

With acc.:

etiam atque etiam insto atque urgeo, insector, posco, atque adeo flagito crimen,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48; cf.:

insector, inquam et flagito testes,

id. Font. 1, 1; and:

qui reliquos non desideraret solum, sed etiam posceret et flagitaret,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

ut admoneam te, non ut flagitem: metuo ne te forte flagitent: ego autem mandavi, ut rogarent,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 1; cf.:

admonitum venimus te, non flagitatum,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

consulis auxilium implorare et flagitare,

id. Rab. Perd. 3, 9:

ea, quae tempus et necessitas flagitat,

id. Phil. 5, 19 fin. —In pass.:

quia illum clamore vidi flagitarier,

called for by the public crier, Plaut. Men. prol. 48;

but, si non dabis, clamore magno et multo flagitabere,

you shall be importuned, id. Ps. 1, 5, 143; 4, 7, 46:

ne ejus sceleris in te ipsum quaestio flagitaretur,

Cic. Vatin. 11, 26: cum stipendium ab legionibus paene seditione factā flagitaretur, when the legions demanded their pay (the ab different from the foll.), Caes. B. C. 1, 87, 3:

populus desiderio Romuli regem flagitare non destitit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 12.—With acc. and ab and abl.:

a te cum tua promissa per litteras flagitabam,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 4:

mercedem gloriae flagitat ab iis, quorum, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

quid gravitas, quid altitudo animi... quid artes a te flagitent, tu videbis,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 4:

id ex omnibus partibus ab eo flagitabatur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 71, 1:

unicum miser abs te filium flagitat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128:

siser et ipsum Tiberius princeps nobilitavit flagitans omnibus annis a Germania,

Plin. 18, 5, 28, § 90.—With two acc.:

haec sunt illa, quae me ludens Crassus modo flagitabat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188; cf. id. Planc. 2, 6:

quotidie Caesar Aeduos frumentum flagitare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 1:

nec potentem amicum Largiora flagito,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 13.—

With ut:

semper flagitavi, ut convocaremur,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30:

flagitare senatus institit Cornutum, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

flagitabatur ab his quotidie ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 11, 25.—

Absol.:

sed flagitat tabellarius: valebis igitur, etc.,

presses, id. Fam. 15, 18 fin.:

causa postulat, non flagitat,

id. Quint. 3, 13.—

With inf.:

(stomachus) pernā magis ac magis hillis Flagitat immorsus refici,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 61.—

With acc. and inf.:

a delatoribus revocanda praemia,

Suet. Ner. 44; cf. id. Claud. 13; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 62; 35, 10, 36, § 65.—

With interrog. clause:

quae sint ea numina flagitat,

Verg. A. 2, 123.—

In partic.

To summon before court, to accuse:

compertum pecuniam publicam avertisse ut peculatorem flagitari jussit,

Tac. H. 1, 53.—

In mal. part., to incite to lewdness (ante- and post-class.):

ancillam alienam,

Dig. 47, 1, 2:

juvenem,

App. M. 8, p. 215: intercutibus stupris flagitatus, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 719 P.; cf.: inter cutem flagitatos dicebant antiqui mares, qui stuprum passi essent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110, 23 Müll.

pulvis, ĕris (nom. pulver, App. Herb. 35; Theod. Prisc. 1, 30; 2, 32; cf. Prisc. p. 707 P.), m. ( fem., Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 sq.; Prop. 1, 22, 6; 2, 13, 35 (3, 5, 19);

and also,

masc., id. 1, 17, 23; 1, 19, 6; 4 (5), 9, 31).

Lit., dust, powder: jamque fere pulvis ad caelum vasta videtur, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 (Ann. v. 286 Vahl.): fulva, id. ap. Non. 217, 13 (Ann. v. 319 ib.):

si multus erat in calceis pulvis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Lucr. 3, 381:

pulveris nebula,

id. 5, 254:

Romani pulveris vim magnam animadvortunt,

Sall. J. 53, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

qui (ventus) nubes pulveris vehit,

Liv. 22, 43:

prospectum oculorum nubes pulveris abstulerat,

Curt. 4, 15, 32; 5, 13, 12; Sil. 2, 174:

subitam nigro glomerari pulvere nubem Prospiciunt,

Verg. A. 9, 33:

pulvis collectus turbine,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 31:

pulverem Olympicum Collegisse,

id. C. 1, 1, 3:

crinis pulvere collines,

id. ib. 1, 15, 20:

pulvere sparsi juvenes,

Phaedr. 4, 24, 22:

tum caeco pulvere campus Miscetur,

Verg. A. 12, 444:

pulverem excutere,

Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

sedare,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 18:

movere,

Quint. 5, 10, 81:

excitare,

Col. Arb. 12:

glaebam in pulverem resolvere,

id. 11, 2, 60: eruditus, the dust or sand in which mathematicians drew their figures, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 48; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 23, 64:

formas in pulvere describere,

Liv. 25, 31; Pers. 1, 131:

amomi,

dust, powder, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 69:

carbonis,

coal-dust, id. A. A. 3, 628. — Poet.:

Etrusca,

i. e. soil, Prop. 1, 22, 6; so of potters' earth, Mart. 14, 1021; 1141; of volcanic ashes:

Puteolanus,

pozzolana, Stat. S. 4, 3, 53; Sen. Q. N. 3, 20, 3; Plin. 35, 13, 47, § 166.—Of the dust or ashes of the dead:

pulvis et umbra sumus,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 16 al.; cf.:

pulvis es et in pulverem reverteris,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 19:

hibernus,

i. e. a dry winter, Verg. G. 1, 101.—Esp.: pulvis belli, war:

formosus pulvere belli,

Mart. 8, 65, 3:

duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidi,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 22:

in pulverem Martium tractus,

Amm. 16, 1, 5:

exercitus pulvere coalitus Martio,

id. 21, 12, 22.—In plur.:

novendiales,

Hor. Epod. 17, 48:

cineris pulveres,

Pall. 3, 25, 14 (cf. id. 11, 14, 15):

pulverum mole degravante,

Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 83; cf. Gell. 19, 8, 13:

natio ad pulveres Martios erudita,

Amm. 23, 6, 83.—Prov.: sulcos in pulvere ducere, to draw furrows in the sand, i. e. to give one's self useless trouble, Juv. 7, 48: pulverem ob oculos aspergere, to throw dust in one's eyes, i. e. to deceive, Gell. 5, 21, 4.—

Transf.

A place of contest, arena, lists: domitant in pulvere currus, Verg. A. 7, 163; Mart. 12, 83.—

In gen., a scene of action, field (cf. arena):

doctrinam ex umbraculis eruditorum in solem atque pulverem produxit,

i. e. before the public, Cic. Leg. 3, 6, 14; cf. Hor. C. 1, 8, 4:

educenda dictio est in agmen, in pulverem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

forensis pulvis,

Quint. 10, 1, 33:

inque suo noster pulvere currat equus,

on his own field, within his own territory, Ov. F. 2, 360.—

Toil, effort, labor ( poet.):

cui sit condicio dulcis sine pulvere palmae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 51.

ărātĭo, ōnis, f. [aro].

A ploughing, and in gen. the cultivation of the ground, agriculture:

iteratio arationis peracta esse debet, si, etc.,

Col. 11, 2, 64:

aratione per transversum iterata,

Plin. 18, 20, 49, § 180:

ut quaestuosa mercatura, fructuosa aratio dicitur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 86.—

Meton. (abstr. for concr.), ploughed land, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 47 (cf. aratiuncula):

(calsa) nascitur in arationibus,

Plin. 27, 8, 36, § 58.— Esp., in Roman financial lang., the public farms or plots of land farmed out for a tenth of the produce (cf. arator, I. B.), Cic. Phil. 2, 39 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 3, 98.

căpĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [caput];

in the Lat. of jurists,

a poll-tax, Dig. 50, 15, 3; 50, 4, 18 fin.; Amm. 17, 3, 2 (ap. Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5: exactio capitum).—

The outlay of the state for beasts used in the public service, Cod. Th. 7, 4, 8; 7, 4, 11.

commissĭo, ōnis, f. [committo].

(Acc. to committo, I. B.) Lit., a setting or bringing together in contest; hence, the beginning of a contest (in the public games, etc.):

tecum ago, ut jam ab ipsā commissione ad me... persequare, etc.,

Cic. Att. 15, 26, 1; 16, 5, 1:

ludorum,

Suet. Aug. 43; id. Galb. 6; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 6; id. Pan. 54, 1; Macr. S. 2, 7.—

Meton., a speech at the opening of the games; hence, a prize declamation, ostentatious speech, agônisma, Calig. ap. Suet. Calig. 53; Suet. Aug. 89; v. Casaub. in h. ll.—

(Acc. to committo, II. B. 4.) A perpetration, commission:

piaculi,

Arn. 4, p. 148.

discussĭo, ōnis, f. [discutio] (very rare).

A shaking, Sen. Q. N. 6, 19, 2.—

An examination, discussion.

In gen. (late Lat. for disputatio, quaestio):

sequitur illa discussio, quid sit, etc.,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 16, 8; Tert. Pudic. 11.—

In partic., in the later period of the empire, a revision of the public accounts in the provinces, Cod. Just. 10, 30, 1; Symm. Ep. 5, 74.

ē-rŏgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

Orig., a pub. law t. t., to expend, pay out money from the public treasury, after asking the consent of the people:

pecunias ex aerario,

Cic. Vat. 12; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 71; 2, 5, 19; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14; Liv. 22, 23; 33, 47 al.; cf.:

pecuniam in classem,

Cic. Fl. 13:

in aes alienum,

id. Att. 6, 1, 21:

unde in eos sumptus, pecunia erogaretur,

Liv. 1, 20; Vulg. Marc. 5, 26.—

Transf. beyond the pub. law sphere, to pay, pay out, disburse, expend (cf.:

pendo, expendo, perpendo, pondero, solvo, luo): Tironem Curio commendes, ut ei, si quid opus erit, in sumptum eroget,

Cic. Att. 8, 5 fin.:

aliquid in pretium servi,

Dig. 25, 2, 36 fin.:

bona sua in fraudem futurae actionis,

to squander, ib. 17, 2, 68:

grandem pecuniam in Tigellinum,

to bequeath, Tac. A. 16, 17; cf.:

in Tiridatem erogavit,

Suet. Ner. 30:

odores, unguenta ad funus,

Dig. 15, 3, 7:

nihil de bonis,

ib. 24, 1, 5 fin.; cf.:

aliquid ex bonis,

ib. 26, 7, 12:

aliquid pro introitu,

ib. 32, 1, 102 fin. et saep.—

Trop., in Tertullian: aliquem, to expose to death, to destroy, kill:

tot innocentes,

Tert. Apol. 44; id. Spect. 12; id. Praescript. 2.—

To entreat, prevail on by entreaties:

precibus erogatus,

App. M. 5, p. 165.

glădĭātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [gladiator], of or belonging to gladiators, gladiatorial.

Adj.:

ludus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

certamen,

id. de Or. 2, 78, 317: familia, a band or troop of gladiators, id. Sest. 64, 134; Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 4; Sall. C. 30, 7:

munus,

Suet. Caes. 10; 39; id. Tib. 7; 37; 40; id. Calig. 18; 26 et saep.:

consessus,

spectators assembled at gladiatorial shows, Cic. Sest. 58, 124; cf.

locus,

a place for witnessing the same, id. Mur. 35, 73:

gladiatoria corporis firmitas,

id. Phil. 2, 25, 63:

animus,

i. e. desperate, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 71:

ad munus gladiatorium edendum,

Liv. 28, 21, 1:

spectaculum,

id. ib. § 2; Tac. A. 14, 17:

Venus, i. e. clinopale, concubitus,

App. M. 2, p. 121.—

Subst.: glădĭātōrĭum, ii, n. (sc. praemium, auctoramentum), the hire or pay of gladiators, for which freemen engaged as gladiators in the public games:

gladiatorio accepto decem talentis,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.— Adv.: glădĭātōrĭe, in the manner of a gladiator:

quae gladiatorie, quae lenonice faceret,

Lampr. Comm. 15, § 4.

glădĭātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [gladiator], of or belonging to gladiators, gladiatorial.

Adj.:

ludus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

certamen,

id. de Or. 2, 78, 317: familia, a band or troop of gladiators, id. Sest. 64, 134; Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 4; Sall. C. 30, 7:

munus,

Suet. Caes. 10; 39; id. Tib. 7; 37; 40; id. Calig. 18; 26 et saep.:

consessus,

spectators assembled at gladiatorial shows, Cic. Sest. 58, 124; cf.

locus,

a place for witnessing the same, id. Mur. 35, 73:

gladiatoria corporis firmitas,

id. Phil. 2, 25, 63:

animus,

i. e. desperate, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 71:

ad munus gladiatorium edendum,

Liv. 28, 21, 1:

spectaculum,

id. ib. § 2; Tac. A. 14, 17:

Venus, i. e. clinopale, concubitus,

App. M. 2, p. 121.—

Subst.: glădĭātōrĭum, ii, n. (sc. praemium, auctoramentum), the hire or pay of gladiators, for which freemen engaged as gladiators in the public games:

gladiatorio accepto decem talentis,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.— Adv.: glădĭātōrĭe, in the manner of a gladiator:

quae gladiatorie, quae lenonice faceret,

Lampr. Comm. 15, § 4.