the+plant+journal

SUBJECT AREA: Recording

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After arriving in the USA in 1870 and becoming an American citizen, Berliner worked as a dry-goods clerk in Washington, DC, and for a period studied electricity at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. He invented an improved microphone and set up his own experimental laboratory in Washington, DC. He developed a microphone for telephone use and sold the rights to the Bell Telephone Company. Subsequently he was put in charge of their laboratory, remaining in that position for eight years. In 1881 Berliner, with his brothers Joseph and Jacob, founded the J.Berliner Telephonfabrik in Hanover, the first factory in Europe specializing in telephone equipment.

Inspired by the development work performed by T.A. Edison and in the Volta Laboratory (see C.S. Tainter), he analysed the existing processes for recording and reproducing sound and in 1887 developed a process for transferring lateral undulations scratched in soot into an etched groove that would make a needle and diaphragm vibrate. Using what may be regarded as a combination of the Phonautograph of Léon Scott de Martinville and the photo-engraving suggested by Charles Cros, in May 1887 he thus demonstrated the practicability of the laterally recorded groove. He termed the apparatus "Gramophone". In November 1887 he applied the principle to a glass disc and obtained an inwardly spiralling, modulated groove in copper and zinc. In March 1888 he took the radical step of scratching the lateral vibrations directly onto a rotating zinc disc, the surface of which was protected, and the subsequent etching created the groove. Using well-known principles of printing-plate manufacture, he developed processes for duplication by making a negative mould from which positive copies could be pressed in a thermoplastic compound. Toy gramophones were manufactured in Germany from 1889 and from 1892–3 Berliner manufactured both records and gramophones in the USA. The gramophones were hand-cranked at first, but from 1896 were based on a new design by E.R. Johnson. In 1897–8 Berliner spread his activities to England and Germany, setting up a European pressing plant in the telephone factory in Hanover, and in 1899 a Canadian company was formed. Various court cases over patents removed Berliner from direct running of the reconstructed companies, but he retained a major economic interest in E.R. Johnson's Victor Talking Machine Company. In later years Berliner became interested in aeronautics, in particular the autogiro principle. Applied acoustics was a continued interest, and a tile for controlling the acoustics of large halls was successfully developed in the 1920s.

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SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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After serving in the British Army during the Boer War. Dunne returned home convinced that aeroplanes would be more suitable than balloons for reconnaissance work. He built models to test his ideas for a tailless design based on the winged seed of a Javanese climbing plant. In 1906 Dunne joined the staff of the Balloon Factory at Farnborough, where the Superintendent, Colonel J.E.Capper, was also interested in manned kites and aeroplanes. Since 1904 the colourful American "Colonel" S.F. Cody had been experimenting at Farnborough with manned kites, and in 1908 his "British Army Dirigible No. 1" made the first powered flight in Britain. Dunne's first swept-wing tailless glider was ready to fly in the spring of 1907, but it was deemed to be a military secret and flying it at Farnborough would be too public. Dunne, Colonel Capper and a team of army engineers took the glider to a remote site at Blair Atholl in Scotland for its test flights. It was not a great success, although it attracted snoopers, with the result that it was camouflaged. Powered versions made short hops in 1908, but then the War Office withdrew its support. Dunne and his associates set up a syndicate to continue the development of a new tailless aeroplane, the D 5; this was built by Short Brothers (see Short, Hugh Oswald) and flew successfully in 1910. It had combined elevators and ailerons on the wing tips (or elevons as they are now called when fitted to modern delta-winged aircraft). In 1913 an improved version of the D 5 was demonstrated in France, where the pilot left his cockpit and walked along the wing in flight. Dunne had proved his point and designed a stable aircraft, but his health was suffering and he retired. During the First World War, however, it was soon learned that military aircraft needed to be manoeuvrable rather than stable.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Public utilities

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Ferranti, who had taken an interest in electrical and mechanical devices from an early age, was educated at St Augustine's College in Ramsgate and for a short time attended evening classes at University College, London. Rather than pursue an academic career, Ferranti, who had intense practical interests, found employment in 1881 with the Siemens Company (see Werner von Siemens) in their experimental department. There he had the opportunity to superintend the installation of electric-lighting plants in various parts of the country. Becoming acquainted with Alfred Thomson, an engineer, Ferranti entered into a short-lived partnership with him to manufacture the Ferranti alternator. This generator, with a unique zig-zag armature, had an efficiency exceeding that of all its rivals. Finding that Sir William Thomson had invented a similar machine, Ferranti formed a company with him to combine the inventions and produce the Ferranti- Thomson machine. For this the Hammond Electric Light and Power Company obtained the sole selling rights.

In 1885 the Grosvenor Gallery Electricity Supply Corporation was having serious problems with its Gaulard and Gibbs series distribution system. Ferranti, when consulted, reviewed the design and recommended transformers connected across constant-potential mains. In the following year, at the age of 22, he was appointed Engineer to the company and introduced the pattern of electricity supply that was eventually adopted universally. Ambitious plans by Ferranti for London envisaged the location of a generating station of unprecedented size at Deptford, about eight miles (13 km) from the city, a departure from the previous practice of placing stations within the area to be supplied. For this venture the London Electricity Supply Corporation was formed. Ferranti's bold decision to bring the supply from Deptford at the hitherto unheard-of pressure of 10,000 volts required him to design suitable cables, transformers and generators. Ferranti planned generators with 10,000 hp (7,460 kW)engines, but these were abandoned at an advanced stage of construction. Financial difficulties were caused in part when a Board of Trade enquiry in 1889 reduced the area that the company was able to supply. In spite of this adverse situation the enterprise continued on a reduced scale. Leaving the London Electricity Supply Corporation in 1892, Ferranti again started his own business, manufacturing electrical plant. He conceived the use of wax-impregnated paper-insulated cables for high voltages, which formed a landmark in the history of cable development. This method of flexible-cable manufacture was used almost exclusively until synthetic materials became available. In 1892 Ferranti obtained a patent which set out the advantages to be gained by adopting sector-shaped conductors in multi-core cables. This was to be fundamental to the future design and development of such cables.

A total of 176 patents were taken out by S.Z. de Ferranti. His varied and numerous inventions included a successful mercury-motor energy meter and improvements to textile-yarn produc-tion. A transmission-line phenomenon where the open-circuit voltage at the receiving end of a long line is greater than the sending voltage was named the Ferranti Effect after him.

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SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

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The son of a Congregationalist minister, Hall was educated at Oberlin College. There he was instructed in chemistry by Professor F.F.Jewett, a former student of the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, who encouraged Hall to believe that there was a need for a cheap process for the manufacture of aluminium. After graduating in 1885, Hall set to work in his private laboratory exploring the method of fused salt electrolysis. On Wednesday 10 February 1886 he found that alumina dissolved in fused cryolite "like sugar in water", and that the bath so produced was a good conductor of electricity. He contained the solution in a pure graphite crucible which also acted as an efficient cathode, and by 16 February 1886 had produced the first globules of metallic aluminium. With two backers, Hall was able to complete his experiments and establish a small pilot plant in Boston, but they withdrew after the US Patent Examiners reported that Hall's invention had been anticipated by a French patent, filed by Paul Toussaint Héroult in April 1886. Although Hall had not filed until July 1886, he was permitted to testify that his invention had been completed by 16 February 1886 and on 2 April 1889 he was granted a seventeen-year monopoly in the United States. Hall now had the support of Captain A.E. Hunt of the Pittsburgh Testing Institute who provided the capital for establishing the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which by 1889 was selling aluminium at $1 per pound compared to the $15 for sodium-reduced aluminium. Further capital was provided by the banker Andrew Mellon (1855–1937). Hall then turned his attention to Britain and began negotiations with Johnson Matthey, who provided land on a site at Patricroft near Manchester. Here the Aluminium Syndicate, owned by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, began to produce aluminium in July 1890. By this time the validity of Hall's patent was being strongly contested by Héroult and also by the Cowles brothers, who attempted to operate the Hall process in the United States. Hall successfully sued them for infringement, and was confirmed in his patent rights by the celebrated ruling in 1893 of William Howard Taft, subsequently President of the USA. In 1895 Hall's company changed its name to the Pittsburgh Aluminium Company and moved to Niagara Falls, where cheap electrical power was available. In 1903 a legal compromise ended the litigation between the Hall and Héroult organizations. The American rights in the invention were awarded to Hall, and the European to Héroult. The Pittsburgh Aluminium Company became the Aluminium Company of America on 1 January 1907. On his death he left his estate, worth about $45 million, for the advancement of education.

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SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering

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The son of Polycarp Roebling, a tobacconist, he studied mathematics at Dr Unger's Pedagogium in Erfurt and went on to the Royal Polytechnic Institute in Berlin, from which he graduated in 1826 with honours in civil engineering. He spent the next three years working for the Prussian government on the construction of roads and bridges. With his brother and a group of friends, he emigrated to the United States, sailing from Bremen on 23 May 1831 and docking in Philadelphia eleven weeks later. They bought 7,000 acres (2,800 hectares) in Butler County, western Pennsylvania, and established a village, at first called Germania but later known as Saxonburg. Roebling gave up trying to establish himself as a farmer and found work for the state of Pennsylvania as Assistant Engineer on the Beaver River canal and others, then surveying a railroad route across the Allegheny Mountains. During his canal work, he noted the failings of the hemp ropes that were in use at that time, and recalled having read of wire ropes in a German journal; he built a rope-walk at his Saxonburg farm, bought a supply of iron wire and trained local labour in the method of wire twisting.

At this time, many canals crossed rivers by means of aqueducts. In 1844, the Pennsylvania Canal aqueduct across the Allegheny River was due to be renewed, having become unsafe. Roebling made proposals which were accepted by the canal company: seven wooden spans of 162 ft (49 m) each were supported on either side by a 7 in. (18 cm) diameter cable, Roebling himself having to devise all the machinery required for the erection. He subsequently built four more suspension aqueducts, one of which was converted to a toll bridge and was still in use a century later.

In 1849 he moved to Trenton, New Jersey, where he set up a new wire rope plant. In 1851 he started the construction (completed in 1855) of an 821 ft (250 m) long suspension railroad bridge across the Niagara River, 245 ft (75 m) above the rapids; each cable consisted of 3,640 wrought iron wires. A lower deck carried road traffic. He also constructed a bridge across the Ohio River between Cincinnati and Covington, a task which was much protracted due to the Civil War; this bridge was finally completed in 1866.

Roebling's crowning achievement was to have been the design and construction of the bridge over the Hudson River between Brooklyn and Staten Island, New York, but he did not live to see its completion. It had a span of 1,595 ft (486 m), designed to bear a load of 18,700 tons (19,000 tonnes) with a headroom of 135 ft (41 m). The work of building had barely started when, at the Brooklyn wharf, a boat crushed Roebling's foot against the timbering and he died of tetanus three weeks later. His son, Washington Augustus Roebling, then took charge of this great work.

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late

A adj

1 ( after expected time) [arrival, rains, publication, implementation] tardif/-ive ; in case of late delivery en cas de retard de livraison ; late essays will not be marked les dissertations rendues en retard ne seront pas corrigées ; to have a late lunch déjeuner plus tard que d'habitude ; to make a late start ( getting up) se lever tard ; ( setting off) partir tard ; to get off to a late start [meeting, event] commencer tard ; sorry I'm late désolé d'être en retard ; the secretary/her application form was late la secrétaire/sa demande est arrivée en retard ; to be late for être en retard pour [work, school, appointment] ; to make sb late retarder qn ; to be late leaving partir en retard ; to be late with the rent payer son loyer avec du retard ; dinner will be a bit late le dîner sera retardé ; Easter is late this year Pâques tombe tard cette année ; if the payment is more than three days late si le paiement a plus de trois jours de retard ;

2 (towards end of day, season, life etc) [hour, supper, date, pregnancy] tardif/-ive ; [plant, variety] Bot tardif/-ive ; to have a late lecture on Mondays avoir un cours tard le lundi ; to take a late holiday GB ou vacation US prendre des vacances tard en saison ; to keep late hours se coucher tard ; to have a late night (aller) se coucher tard ; you've had too many late nights this week tu t'es couché trop tard toute la semaine ; to watch the late film on television regarder le dernier film à la télévision ; in later life plus tard dans la vie ; to be in one's late fifties approcher de la soixantaine ; a man in his late thirties un homme proche de la quarantaine ; to be a late starter commencer tard ; at this late stage à ce stade avancé ; in late January (à la) fin janvier ; in the late 50's/18th century à la fin des années 50/du XVIII^e siècle ; late Renaissance art l'art de la fin de la Renaissance ; late Victorian [architecture etc] de la fin de l'époque victorienne ; in the late Middle Ages au bas moyen âge ; it will be late afternoon when I arrive j'arriverai en fin d'après-midi ; the latest appointment is at 4 pm le dernier rendez-vous est à 16 h ; the latest date you can apply la date limite de dépôt des candidatures ;

3 ( towards end of series) in one of her later films dans un de ses derniers films ; Shakespeare's later plays les dernières pièces de Shakespeare ; in later editions of the newspaper dans les dernières éditions du journal ; in a later novel dans un roman postérieur ; later models are fully automatic les modèles postérieurs sont entièrement automatiques ; her later experiments ses expériences ultérieures ; at a later meeting à une réunion ultérieure ; have you a later recording? avez-vous un enregistrement plus récent? ; the latest fashions la dernière mode ;

4 ( deceased) the late President feu le Président fml, le défunt Président ; my late husband mon pauvre mari.

B adv

1 ( after expected time) [arrive, leave, start, finish] en retard ; to be running late [person] être en retard ; [train, bus] avoir du retard ; to start three months late commencer avec trois mois de retard ;

2 ( towards end of time period) [get up, go to bed, open, close, end] tard ; it's late, let's go to bed il est tard, allons nous coucher ; late last night/in the evening tard hier soir/dans la soirée ; late last week à la fin de la semaine dernière ; to work late travailler tard ; to work late into the night travailler tard dans la nuit ; as late as that aussi tard (que cela) ; later on plus tard ; it's a bit late in the day to do fig c'est un peu tard pour faire ; too late! trop tard! ; don't leave it too late! n'attendez pas trop (longtemps)! ; as late as possible aussi tard que possible ; to leave no later than 6 am partir au plus tard à 6 h ; to marry late se marier sur le tard ; to learn Italian late in life apprendre l'italien sur le tard ; he left for Italy six months later il est parti pour l'Italie six mois après ; see you later! à tout à l'heure! ;

3 Admin ( formerly) Miss Stewart, late of 48 Temple Rd Mlle Stewart, autrefois domiciliée au 48 Temple Rd.

C of late adv phr dernièrement, ces jours-ci.

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Metallurgy

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MacArthur served his apprenticeship in the laboratory of Tennant's Tharsis Sulphur and Copper Company in Glasgow. In 1886 he was appointed Technical Manager of the Tennant-run Cassel Gold Extracting Company. By 1888 he was advocating a treatment scheme in which gold was dissolved from crushed rock by a dilute solution of alkali cyanide and then precipitated onto finely divided zinc. During the next few years, with several assistants, he was extremely active in promoting the new gold-extraction technique in various parts of the world. In 1894 significant sums in royalty payments were received, but by 1897 the patents had been successfully contested; henceforth the Cassel Company concentrated on the production and marketing of the essential sodium cyanide reagent.

MacArthur was Managing Director of the Cassel Company from 1892 to 1897; he resigned as a director in December 1905. In 1907 he created the Antimony Recovery Syndicate, and in 1911 he set up a small plant at Runcorn, Cheshire, to produce radium salts. In 1915 this radium-extraction activity was transferred to Balloch, south of Loch Lomond, where it was used until some years after his death.

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scratch [skrætʃ]

1 noun

(a) (action → to relieve itch) grattement m; (wound → with fingernail) coup m d'ongle; (→ with claw) coup m de griffe;

∎ to have a scratch se gratter;

∎ could you give my back a scratch? tu peux me gratter le dos?;

∎ the dog was having a good scratch le chien se grattait un bon coup

(b) (wound → from thorns, nail) égratignure f, écorchure f; (→ made by claw) griffure f; (mark → on furniture) rayure f, éraflure f; (→ on glass, record) rayure f;

∎ how did you get that scratch? comment est-ce que tu t'es égratigné?;

∎ I've got a scratch on my hand je me suis égratigné la main;

∎ her hands were covered in scratches elle avait les mains tout écorchées ou couvertes d'égratignures;

∎ it's only a scratch ce n'est qu'une égratignure;

∎ we escaped without a scratch on s'en est sorti sans une égratignure

(c) Golf

∎ to play off scratch être scratch

(d) (sound → of pen on paper) grincement m

(e) American familiar (money) fric m, pognon m, flouze m

(f) (idioms)

∎ to start from scratch partir de rien ou de zéro; (restart) repartir à zéro;

∎ to build a house from scratch construire une maison de bout en bout;

∎ she built the business up from scratch elle a monté l'affaire à partir de rien;

∎ I learnt Italian from scratch in six months j'ai appris l'italien en six mois en partant de zéro;

∎ to be up to scratch être à la hauteur;

∎ her work still isn't up to scratch son travail n'est toujours pas satisfaisant ou à la hauteur;

∎ their performance wasn't up to or didn't come up to scratch leur performance n'était pas suffisante ou à la hauteur;

∎ we must get the team up to scratch before April il faut mettre l'équipe à niveau avant avril

2 adjective

(a) (team, meal) improvisé

(b) Golf (player) scratch (inv), sans handicap

3 transitive verb

(a) (rub → itch, rash) gratter;

∎ to scratch one's head se gratter la tête;

∎ figurative you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours donnant donnant

(b) (wound → of cat, person) griffer; (→ of thorn, nail) égratigner, écorcher;

∎ the cat scratched my hand le chat m'a griffé la main;

∎ she scratched her hand on the brambles elle s'est écorché ou égratigné la main dans les ronces;

∎ he was badly scratched il était tout écorché

(c) (mark → woodwork, marble) rayer, érafler; (→ glass, record) rayer;

∎ the car's hardly scratched la voiture n'a presque rien ou n'a pratiquement aucune éraflure;

∎ the paintwork's badly scratched la peinture est sérieusement éraflée;

∎ someone has scratched their initials on the tree quelqu'un a gravé ses initiales sur l'arbre;

∎ she quickly scratched a few notes on her pad elle griffonna rapidement quelques notes sur son calepin;

∎ figurative you've barely scratched the surface vous avez fait un travail très superficiel, vous avez seulement effleuré la question;

∎ figurative scratch any patriot and you will invariably find a bigot si l'on gratte un peu, on trouve un fanatique derrière chaque patriote;

∎ British figurative they scratch a living selling secondhand books ils gagnent péniblement leur vie en vendant des livres d'occasion

(d) (of bird, animal → ground) gratter

(e) (irritate) gratter;

∎ this wool scratches my skin cette laine me gratte la peau

(f) (cancel → meeting, match) annuler;

∎ (withdraw) to scratch sb off or from a list rayer ou biffer qn d'une liste;

∎ to scratch sb from a team exclure qn d'une équipe;

∎ Horseracing to scratch a horse déclarer forfait pour un cheval; (stewards) scratcher un cheval

(g) American Politics (candidate) rayer de la liste

4 intransitive verb

(a) (person, animal → to relieve itch) se gratter;

∎ stop scratching arrête de te gratter

(b) (bird → in ground) gratter;

∎ I could hear something scratching at the door j'entendais quelque chose gratter à la porte, j'entendais un grattement à la porte

(c) (cat) griffer; (brambles, nail) griffer, écorcher; (wool, new clothes) gratter

(d) (pen etc) grincer, gratter

(e) Sport (competitor) déclarer forfait

►► scratch mark (on hand) égratignure f; (on leather, furniture) rayure f, éraflure f;

American scratch paper (papier m) brouillon m;

American scratch sheet (for horse races) journal m des courses;

Medicine scratch test test m cutané;

scratch video scratch vidéo m

➲ scratch off separable transitive verb

enlever en grattant

➲ scratch out separable transitive verb

(word) raturer;

∎ to scratch sb's eyes out arracher les yeux à qn

➲ scratch together separable transitive verb

British (team) réunir (difficilement); (sum of money) réunir ou rassembler (en raclant les fonds de tiroir)

➲ scratch up separable transitive verb

(a) (dig up → bone, plant) déterrer

(b) British (money) réunir (en raclant les fonds de tiroir)

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лета́ть по прибо́рам — fly on instruments

анаглифи́ческий прибо́р картогр. — anaglyphic plotter

аспирацио́нный прибо́р — aspirator

прибо́ры АТС — dialing equipment

ба́зисный прибо́р геод. — base-line (measuring) apparatus

бесшка́льный прибо́р — non-indicating gauge

бортово́й прибо́р ав. — airborne instrument

букси́рный прибо́р — trailer coupling

водоуказа́тельный прибо́р — water level indicator

вызывно́й прибо́р тлф. — signalling [ringing] unit

вытяжно́й прибо́р текст. — drawing mechanism

выходно́й прибо́р — end instrument, display

газоразря́дный прибо́р — gas-discharge device, gas-discharge tube

девиацио́нный прибо́р навиг. — deviation corrector

прибо́р для испыта́ний без разруше́ния образцо́в — nondestructive test [NDT] instrument

прибо́р для отму́чивания — elutriator

дозиметри́ческий прибо́р — radiac instrument

дро́ссельный прибо́р — constrictor, restrictor, pressure-difference [p.d.] device

прибо́ры зажига́ния — ignition equipment

измери́тельный прибо́р — (measuring) instrument, meter

градуи́ровать измери́тельный прибо́р в едини́цах частоты́ — calibrate an instrument in units of frequency, calibrate an instrument to read frequency

градуи́ровать измери́тельный прибо́р по этало́ну — calibrate an instrument against [by] a standard

измери́тельный прибо́р даё́т завы́шенные показа́ния — an instrument overreads

измери́тельный прибо́р даё́т зани́женные показа́ния — an instrument underreads

измери́тельный прибо́р зашка́ливает — the instrument reads off scale

поверя́ть измери́тельный прибо́р — check [test] the calibration of an instrument

измери́тельный, апериоди́ческий прибо́р — dead-beat [aperiodic] instrument

измери́тельный, астати́ческий прибо́р — astatic (measuring) instrument

измери́тельный, безынерцио́нный прибо́р — lag-free instrument

измери́тельный, вибрацио́нный прибо́р — vibrating-reed instrument

измери́тельный, выпрями́тельный прибо́р — rectifier-type instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р выступа́ющего монтажа́ — projection-mounted instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р дете́кторной систе́мы — rectifier instrument

измери́тельный, дете́кторный прибо́р — rectifier instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р индукцио́нной систе́мы — induction-type instrument

измери́тельный, индукцио́нный прибо́р — induction-type instrument

измери́тельный, индукцио́нный прибо́р с бегу́щим по́лем — travelling-field induction instrument

измери́тельный, индукцио́нный прибо́р с враща́ющимся по́лем — revolving-field induction instrument

измери́тельный, калориметри́ческий прибо́р — calorimetric instrument

измери́тельный, комбини́рованный прибо́р — multimeter

измери́тельный, компенсацио́нный прибо́р — null-point [null-reading] instrument

измери́тельный, ла́мповый прибо́р — vacuum-tube instrument

измери́тельный, магнитоэлектри́ческий прибо́р — moving-coil instrument

измери́тельный, магнитоэлектри́ческий прибо́р с вне́шним магни́том — external-magnet moving-coil instrument

измери́тельный, магнитоэлектри́ческий прибо́р с вну́тренним магни́том — internal-magnet moving-coil instrument

измери́тельный, магнитоэлектри́ческий прибо́р с постоя́нным магни́том — permanent-magnet moving-coil instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р магнитоэлектри́ческой систе́мы — moving-coil instrument

измери́тельный, многопреде́льный прибо́р — multirange instrument

измери́тельный, образцо́вый прибо́р — reference instrument

измери́тельный, однопреде́льный прибо́р — single-range instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р переме́нного то́ка — a.c. instrument

измери́тельный, переносно́й прибо́р — portable instrument

измери́тельный, пока́зывающий прибо́р — indicating instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р постоя́нного то́ка — d.c. instrument

измери́тельный, рабо́чий прибо́р — working instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р, реаги́рующий на, напр. амплиту́дное или среднеквадрати́чное значе́ние величины́ — peak or rms-responding meter

измери́тельный прибо́р с автомати́ческим переключе́нием диапазо́на измере́ний — auto-ranging instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с безнулево́й шкало́й — suppressed-zero instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с двусторо́нней шкало́й — centre-zero instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с зерка́льным отсчё́том — mirror instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с непосре́дственным отсчё́том — scale-reading instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с нулё́м посереди́не — centre-zero instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р со световы́м отсчё́том — light-spot instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с про́фильной шкало́й — edgewise-scale instrument

измери́тельный, стре́лочный прибо́р — pointer(-type) instrument

измери́тельный, сумми́рующий прибо́р — totalizing instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р с цифровы́м отсчё́том — digital (measuring) instrument

измери́тельный, теплово́й прибо́р — thermal [hot-wire] instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р теплово́й систе́мы — thermal [hot-wire] instrument

измери́тельный, термоэлектри́ческий прибо́р — thermo-emf [thermocouple] instrument

измери́тельный, техни́ческий прибо́р — commercial [industrial] instrument

измери́тельный, универса́льный прибо́р — multimeter

измери́тельный прибо́р уто́пленного монтажа́ — flush-mounted instrument

измери́тельный, ферродинами́ческий прибо́р — iron-cored electrodynamic [ferrodynamic] instrument

измери́тельный, щитово́й прибо́р — switchboard instrument

измери́тельный, электродинами́ческий прибо́р — electrodynamic [dynamometer] instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р электродинами́ческой систе́мы — electrodynamic [dynamometer] instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р электромагни́тной систе́мы — moving-iron instrument

измери́тельный, электромагни́тный прибо́р — moving-iron instrument

измери́тельный, электромагни́тный прибо́р с кру́глой кату́шкой — repulsion-type moving-iron instrument

измери́тельный, электромагни́тный прибо́р с пло́ской кату́шкой — attraction-type moving-iron instrument

измери́тельный, электромагни́тный прибо́р с постоя́нным магни́том — permanent-magnet moving-iron [polarized-vane] instrument

измери́тельный, электростати́ческий прибо́р — electrostatic instrument

измери́тельный прибо́р электростати́ческой систе́мы — electrostatic instrument

ио́нный прибо́р ( в противоположность вакуумному) — gas-filled device, gas-filled tube

кислоро́дный прибо́р — oxygen apparatus

кли́пперный прибо́р — hydrogen-filled indirectly-heated diode

кома́ндно-пилота́жный прибо́р [КПП] ав. — attitude director indicator

коммутацио́нный прибо́р — switch apparatus

контро́льно-измери́тельные прибо́ры — instrumentation

прибо́р контро́ля силово́й устано́вки ав. — power-plant instrument

ламе́льный прибо́р текст. — warp stop (dropper) motion

навигацио́нный пла́новый прибо́р [НПП] ав. — horizontal situation indicator, HSI

нагрева́тельный прибо́р — heater, heating appliance

прибо́р ночно́го ви́дения — night viewing device

нулево́й прибо́р — null-indicator

обду́вочный прибо́р тепл. — soot blower

прибо́р обега́ющего контро́ля — data logger

обслу́живающий прибо́р ( в теории массового обслуживания) — server

оконе́чный прибо́р — end instrument

оптикоэлектро́нный прибо́р — optoelectron device

освети́тельный прибо́р — luminaire, lighting fixture; мн. lighting equipment

полупроводнико́вый прибо́р — semiconductor device

регули́рующий прибо́р — controller

самопи́шущий прибо́р — recording instrument, recorder

самопи́шущий прибо́р с кругово́й диагра́ммой — circular-chart recorder

самопи́шущий прибо́р с ле́нточной диагра́ммой — strip-chart recorder

санита́рный прибо́р — plumbing [sanitary] fixture

прибо́р с заря́довой свя́зью [ПЗС] элк. — charge-coupled device, CCD

сигна́льный, маневро́вый прибо́р — shunting signal device

прибо́р сигна́льный, перее́здный прибо́р — road crossing signal [level-crossing road signal] equipment

сигна́льный, поездно́й прибо́р — train signal equipment

сигна́льный, путево́й прибо́р — track signal equipment

сква́жинный прибо́р — down-hole logging instrument

прибо́р слепо́й поса́дки [ПСП] ав. — instrument-landing horizon-director indicator

сма́зочный, автомати́ческий прибо́р — self-oil feeder

сма́зочный, бу́ксовый прибо́р ж.-д. — journal lubricator

сцепно́й прибо́р ж.-д. — draft gear, draw-gear

уда́рно-тя́говый прибо́р ж.-д. — draw-and-buffer gear

уда́рный прибо́р ж.-д. — buffer gear

фу́рменный прибо́р метал. — tuyere apparatus

шка́льный прибо́р — indicating instrument

электрова́куумный прибо́р элк. — electronic device; ( чаще всего имеется в виду ла́мпа) tube

электрова́куумный, генера́торный прибо́р СВЧ — thermionic microwave oscillator tube

электрова́куумный, ио́нный прибо́р ( носители тока — ионы заполняющего газа) — gas-filled electronic device, low-vacuum [soft-vacuum] device

электрова́куумный, электро́нный прибо́р ( носители тока — электроны в вакууме) — (high [hard]) vacuum electronic device

электроизмери́тельный прибо́р — electrical measuring instrument (типы электроизмерительных приборов см. измери́тельный прибо́р)

электроннолучево́й прибо́р — cathode-ray tube, cathode-ray device

электроопти́ческий прибо́р — electrooptic device

1. n

1) форма

2) вид, форма

3) бланк, форма, образец; анкета

4) pl оправдательные документы

2. v