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1 скала
скала
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cliff
A steep coastal declivity which may or may not be precipitous, the slope angle being dependent partly on the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials from which the cliff has been formed, and partly on the erosional processes at work. Where wave attack is dominant the cliff-foot will be rapidly eroded and cliff retreat will take place, especially in unconsolidated materials such as clays, sands, etc., frequently leaving behind an abrasion platform at the foot of the cliff. (Source: WHIT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > скала
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2 физические методы обработки отходов
физические методы обработки отходов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
physical treatment
Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > физические методы обработки отходов
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3 лизиметрия
лизиметрия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
lysimetry
The measurement of the water percolating through soils and the determination of the materials dissolved by the water. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > лизиметрия
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4 изоляция
электрическая изоляция
изоляция
Часть электротехнического устройства, электрически разделяющая его узлы и (или) детали.
[ ГОСТ 21515-76]
изоляция
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[IEV number 151-15-41]
изоляция
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[IEV number 151-15-42]EN
insulation (1)
all the materials and parts used to insulate conductive elements of a device
[IEV number 151-15-41]
insulation (2)
set of properties which characterize the ability of an insulation to provide its function
NOTE – Examples of relevant properties are: resistance, breakdown voltage.
Source: 151-15-41
[IEV number 151-15-42]FR
isolation, f
ensemble des matériaux et parties utilisés pour isoler des éléments conducteurs d'un dispositif
[IEV number 151-15-41]
isolement, m
ensemble des propriétés qui caractérisent l’aptitude d’une isolation à assurer sa fonction
NOTE – Des exemples de propriétés pertinentes sont la résistance, la tension de claquage.
[IEV number 151-15-42]Примечание - Изоляция может быть твердой, жидкой или газообразной (например, воздух), или представлять собой любую комбинацию указанных состояний.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61140-2000]п ерекрытие по поверхности изоляции
Испытание изоляции полным испытательным напряжением
Тематики
- электрическая изоляция
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
Сопутствующие термины
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изоляция
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5 почвенный процесс
почвенный процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil process
The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR)
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EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > почвенный процесс
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6 испытание материалов
испытание материалов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
testing of materials
The complex of tests performed in order to ascertain the characteristics and behaviour of materials; they are classified in physical and chemical tests, mechanical tests and technological tests. (Source: DIZSCT / MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > испытание материалов
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7 утилизация материалов военного назначения
утилизация материалов военного назначения
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
disposal of warfare materials
Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > утилизация материалов военного назначения
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8 ядерный риск
ядерный риск
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
nuclear risk
A risk connected to the functioning of nuclear power plants, by the storage or transportation of radioactive materials and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. (Source: FEMAa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ядерный риск
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9 потребление сырья
потребление сырья
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
raw material consumption
The developed countries depend on a stable supply of raw materials for their industries. Total resource requirements are increasing rapidly over the entire world. In developed countries, although population is increasing slowly, per capita use is increasing rapidly, while the opposite is happening in developing countries. Traditionally raw materials have been classified as non-renewable resources, but a distinction may be important between "loosable" resources, such as oil and coal, and "non-loosable" resources, such as metals, which can be used several times over by recycling processes. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > потребление сырья
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10 законодательство, регулирующее обращение с загрязняющими веществами
законодательство, регулирующее обращение с загрязняющими веществами
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hazardous substances legislation
A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the production, use or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > законодательство, регулирующее обращение с загрязняющими веществами
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11 свойства материалов
свойства материалов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
properties of materials
The physical and chemical characteristics of the substances or parts of which a thing or object is made. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > свойства материалов
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12 химическое производство
химическое производство
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
chemical engineering
The branch of engineering concerned with industrial manufacture of chemical products. It is a discipline in which the principles of mathematical, physical and natural sciences are used to solve problems in applied chemistry. Chemical engineers design, develop, and optimise processes and plants, operate them, manage personnel and capital, and conduct research necessary for new developments. Through their efforts, new petroleum products, plastics, agricultural chemicals, house-hold products, pharmaceuticals, electronic and advanced materials, photographic materials, chemical and biological compounds, various food and other products evolve. (Source: USTa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > химическое производство
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13 смешанное загрязнение
смешанное загрязнение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
composite pollution
Emissions of ozone-degrading gases (CFCs, halons); emissions of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, nitrous oxides, halons); emissions of acidifying gases (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides); emissions of substances that contribute to eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen-containing materials); emissions of toxic materials (pesticides, radioactive substances, priority toxic substances); solid wastes returned to the environment. (Source: UNEP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > смешанное загрязнение
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14 технология материалов
технология материалов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
materials technology
Any technical means or equipment used for the production and optimization of material goods that consist of any of a diverse range of properties, either alone or in combination, such as glass, metal, plastics and ceramics. (Source: APD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > технология материалов
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15 экологическая маркировка в ЕС
экологическая маркировка в ЕС
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
EC ecolabel
The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экологическая маркировка в ЕС
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16 воздействие производства энергии на окружающую среду
воздействие производства энергии на окружающую среду
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental impact of energy
Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. (Source: RAU)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздействие производства энергии на окружающую среду
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17 производство нефти
производство нефти
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oil production (chain)
The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. (Source: PZ)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производство нефти
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18 водяная коррозия
водяная коррозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water corrosivity
Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals, such as lead and copper. (Source: WILKES)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водяная коррозия
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19 загрязнение (в электробезопасности)
загрязнение
Присутствие инородного вещества: твердого, жидкого или газообразного (ионизированные газы), - которое может вызвать уменьшение диэлектрической прочности или поверхностного сопротивления.
[ ГОСТ Р 52319-2005( МЭК 61010-1: 2001)]
загрязнение
Любое добавление инородных веществ, твердых, жидких или газообразных (ионизированных газов), которые могли бы уменьшить электрическую прочность изоляции или удельное сопротивление поверхности.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]EN
pollution
any condition of foreign matter, solid, liquid or gaseous (ionized gases), that may affect dielectric strength or surface resistivity
[IEC 60947-1, ed. 5.0 (2007-06)]
pollution
any addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid or gaseous that can produce a permanent reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity of the insulation
NOTE – Ionized gases of a temporary nature are not considered as to be a pollution.
[IEV number 442-01-28]
contamination
the first is defined as area and the second as particulate. The first is caused by surface contaminants that cannot be removed by cleaning or are stained after cleaning. Those may be foreign matter on the surface of, for example a localized area that is smudged, stained, discoloured, mottled, etc., or large areas exhibiting a hazy or cloudy appearance resulting from a film of foreign materials
[IEC 62276, ed. 1.0 (2005-05)]FR
pollution
tout apport de matériau étranger solide, liquide ou gazeux (gaz ionisés) qui peut entraîner une réduction de la rigidité diélectrique ou de la résistivité de la surface
[IEC 60947-1, ed. 5.0 (2007-06)]
pollution
tout apport de matériau étranger solide, liquide ou gazeux qui peut entraîner une réduction permanente de la rigidité diélectrique ou de la résistivité de surface de l'isolation
NOTE – Les gaz ionisés de nature fugace ne sont pas considérés comme une pollution.
[IEV number 442-01-28]
Тематики
Обобщающие термины
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DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > загрязнение (в электробезопасности)
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20 сжигание в факеле газов
сжигание в факеле газов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
flaring
1) Flares use open flames during normal and/or emergency operations to combust hazardous gaseous. The system has no special features to control temperature or time of combustion; however, supplemental fuel may be required to sustain the combustion. Historically, flares have been used to dispose of waste gases in the oil and gas industry and at wastewater treatment plants having anaerobic digestors. Regulation for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes limit the practical use of flaring to combustion of relatively simple hydrocarbons, such as methane from digesters or landfill gas collection systems.
2) A control device that burns hazardous materials to prevent their release into the environment; may operate continuously or intermittently, usually on top a stack.
(Source: CORBIT / EPAGLO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сжигание в факеле газов
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