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1 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysisJAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic AssociationSE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)PQ - Psychoanalytic QuarterlyWAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)\О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts\1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.140. Bruner, J. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. Amer. Psychologist. 19.141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.147. Cavenar, J. O. & Nash, J. L. (1976) The effects of Combat on the normal personality. Comprehensive Psychiat., 17.148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.151. Coen, S. J. & Bradlow, P. A. (1982) Twin transference as a compromise formation. JAPA, 30.152. Compton, A. Object and relationships. PMC. Forthcoming.153. Cullen, W. (1777) First Lines of the Practice of Psysic. Edinburgh: Bell, Brandfute.154. Curtis, B. C. (1969) Psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of impotence. In: Sexual Function and Dysfunction, ed. P. J. Fink & V. B. O. Hummett. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.161. Deutsch, H. (1942) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.162. Deutsch, H. (1955) The impostor. In: Neuroses and Character Types. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965.163. Devereux, G. (1953) Why Oedipus killed Lains. IJP, 34.164. Dewald, P. (1982) Psychoanalytic perspectives On resistance. In: resistance, Psychodynamics. and Behavioral Approaches, ed. P. Wachtel. New York: Plenum Press.165. Dickes, R. (1963) Fetishistic behavior. JAPA. 11.166. Dickes, R. (1965) The defensive function of an altered state of consciousness. JAPA, 13.167. Dickes, R. (1967) Severe regressive disruption of the therapeutic alliance. JAPA, 15.168. Dickes, R. (1981) Sexual myths and misinformation. In: Understanding Human Behaviour in Health and Illness, ed. R. C. Simon & H. Pardes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.169. Dorpat, T. L. (1985) Denial and Defense in the Therapeutic Situation. New York: Jason Aronson.170. Downey, T. W. (1978) Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. PSOC, 33.171. Dunbar, F. (1954) Emotions and Bodily Functions. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.172. Easson, W. M. (1973) The earliest ego development, primitive memory traces, and the Isakower phenomenon. PQ, 42.173. Edelheit, H. (1971) Mythopoiesis and the primal scene. Psychoanal. Study Society, 5.174. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relation ships, part I. PSOC, 27.175. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1975) The phallicnarcissistic phase. PSOC, 30.176. Eidelberg, L. (1960) A third contribution to the study of slips of the tongue. IJP, 41.177. Eidelberg, L. (1968) Encyclopedia of Psychoanalysis. New York: The Free Press; London: Collier-MacMillan.178. Eissler, K. R. (1953) The effect of the structure of the ego on psychoanalytic technique. JAPA, 1.179. Ellenberg, H. F. (1970) The Discovery of the Unconscious. New York: Basic Books.180. Emde, R. N. (1980) Toward a psychoanalytic theory of affect: I. & G. H. Pollock. Washington NYMH.181. Emde R., Gaensbaner, T. & Harmon R. (1976) Emotional Expression in Infancy. New York: Int. Univ. Press.182. Erode R. & Harmon, R. J. (1972) Endogenous and exogenous smiling systems in early infancy. J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 11.183. Engel, G. L. (1962) Psychological Development in Health and Disease. New York Saunders.184. Engel, G. L. (1967) Psychoanalytic theory of somatic disorder. JAPA, 15.185. Engel, G. L. (1968) A reconsideration of the role of conversion in somatic disease. Compr. Psychiat., 94.186. English, H. B. & English, A. C. (1958) A comprehensive Dictionary of Psychological and Psychoanalytical Terms. New York: David McKay.187. Erard, R. (1983) New wine in old skins. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 10.188. Erdelyi, M. H. (1985) Psychoanalysis. New York: W. H. Freeman.189. Erikson, E. H. (1950) Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.190. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The concept of ego identity. JAPA, 4.191. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The problem of ego identity. JAPA, 4.192. Esman, A. H. (1973) The primal scene. PSOC, 28.193. Esman, A. H. (1975) The Psychology of Adolescence. New York: Int. Univ. Press.194. Esman, A. H. (1979) Some reflections on boredom. JAPA, 27.195. Esman, A. H. (1983) The "stimulus barrier": a review and reconsideration. PSOC, 38.196. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952) Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.197. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1954) An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality. New York: Basic Books.198. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1963) Synopsis of an Object-Relations theory of the personality. IJP, 44.199. Fawcett, J., Clark, D. C., Scheftner, W. H. & Hedecker, D. (1983) Differences between anhedonia and normal hedonic depressive states. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 40.200. Fenichel, O. (1934) On the psychology of boredom. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, 1953, vol. 1.201. Fenichel, O. (1941) Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique. Albany, N. Y.: Psychoanalytic Quaterly.202. Fenichel, O. (1945) Character disorders. In: The Psychoanalytic Theory of the Neurosis. New York: Norton.203. Fenichel, O. (1945) The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis New York: Norton.204. Fenichel, O. (1954) Ego strength and ego weakness. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, vol. 2.205. Ferenczi, S. (1909) Introjection and transference. In: Sex in Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.206. Ferenczi, S. (191617) Disease or patho-neurosis. The Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press, 1950.207. Ferenczi, S. (1925) Psychoanalysis of sexual habits. In: The Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.208. Fine, B. D., Joseph, E. D. & Waldhorn, H. F., eds. (1971) Recollection and Reconstruction in Psychoanalysis. Monograph 4, Kris Study Group. New York: Int. Univ. Press.209. Fink, G. (1967) Analysis of the Isakower phenomenon. JAPA, 15.210. Fink, P. J. (1970) Correlation between "actual" neurosis and the work of Masters and Johson. P. Q, 39.211. Finkenstein, L. (1975) Awe premature ejaculation. P. Q, 44.212. Firestein, S. K. (1978) A review of the literature. In: Termination in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.213. Fisher, C. et. al. (1957) A study of the preliminary stages of the construction of dreams and images. JAPA, 5.214. Fisher, C. et. al. (1968) Cycle of penile erection synchronous with dreaming (REM) sleep. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 12.215. Fliess, R. (1942) The metapsychology of the analyst. PQ, 12.216. Fliess, R. (1953) The Revival of Interest in the Dream. New York: Int. Univ. Press.217. Fodor, N. & Gaynor, F. (1950) Freud: Dictionary of Psycho-analysis. New York: Philosophical Library.218. Fordham, M. (1969) Children as Individuals. London: Hodder & Stoughton.219. Fordham, M. (1976) The Self and Autism. London: Academic Press.220. Fraiberg, S. (1969) Object constancy and mental representation. PSOC, 24.221. Frank, A. Metapsychology. PMS. Forthcoming.222. Frank, A. & Muslin, H. (1967) The development of Freud's concept of primal repression. PSOC, 22.223. Frank, H. (1977) Dynamic patterns for failure in college students. Can. Psychiat. Ass. J., 22.224. French, T. & Fromm, E. (1964) Dream Interpretation. New York: Basic Books.225. Freud, A. (1936) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. New York Int. Univ. Press.226. Freud, A. (1951) Observations on child development. PSOC, 6.227. Freud, A. (1952) The mutual influences in the development of ego and id. WAF, 4.228. Freud, A. (1958) Adolescence. WAF, 5.229. Freud, A. (1962) Assessment of childhood disturbances. PSOC, 17.230. Freud, A. (1962) Comments on psychic trauma. In: Furst (1967).231. Freud, A. (1963) The concept of developmental lines. PSOC, 18.232. Freud, A. (1965) Assessment of pathology, part 2. WAF, 6.233. Freud, A. (1965) Normality and Pathology in Childhood. New York: Int. Univ. Press.234. Freud, A. (1970) The infantile neurosis. WAF, 7.235. Freud, A. (1971) Comments on aggression. IJP, 53.236. Freud, A. (1971) The infantile neurosis. PSOC, 26.237. Freud, A. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.238. Freud, S. (1887—1902) Letters to Wilhelm Fliess. New York: Basic Books, 1954.239. Freud, S. (1891) On the interpretation of the aphasias. SE, 3.240. Freud, S. (1893—95) Studies on hysteria. SE, 2.241. Freud, S. (1894) The neuropsychoses of defence. SE, 3.242. Freud, S. (1895) On the ground for detaching a particular syndrome from neurasthenia under the description "anxiety neurosis". SE, 3.243. Freud, S. (1895) Project for a scientific psychology. SE, 1.244. Freud, S. (1896) Draft K, Jameary 1, 1896, Neuroses of defense (A Christmas fairytale). In: Extracts from the Fliess papers (1892—99).245. Freud, S. (1896) Further remarks on the neuropsychosis of defense. SE, 3.246. Freud, S. (1896) Heredity and aetiology of neurosis. SE, 3.247. Freud, S. (1898) Sexuality in the aetiology of the neurosis. SE, 3.248. Freud, S. (1899) Screen memories. SE, 3.249. Freud, S. (1900) The interpretation of dreams. SE, 4—5.250. Freud, S. (1901) Childhood memories and screen memories SE, 6.251. Freud, S. (1901) On dreams. SE, 5.252. Freud, S. (1901) The psychopathology of everyday life. SE, 6.253. Freud, S. 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2 poder
m.1 power (mando, competencia).estar en/hacerse con el poder to be in/to seize powerpoder adquisitivo purchasing powerpoder calorífico calorific valuepoder de convicción persuasive powerstener poder de convocatoria to be a crowd-pullerel poder ejecutivo/legislativo/judicial the executive/legislature/judiciary (personas)poderes fácticos the church, military and presspoderes públicos public authoritiesEl poder corrompe a los indecisos Power corrupts the undecided.2 power, authorization.dar poderes a alguien para que haga algo to authorize somebody to do somethingpor poderes by proxypoder notarial power of attorney3 faculty.4 proxy, letter of delegation, power of attorney, letter of attorney.Ella se casó usando un poder She married using a proxy.v.1 can, to be able to.no puedo decírtelo I can't tell you, I'm unable to tell you2 can, may (tener permiso).no puedo salir por la noche I'm not allowed to o I can't go out at night¿puedo fumar aquí? may I smoke here?¿se puede? may I come in?3 can (ser capaz moralmente).no podemos portarnos así con él we can't treat him like that4 may, can (tener posibilidad, ser posible).puede estallar la guerra war could o may break outpodías haber ido en tren you could have gone by train¡podría habernos invitado! she could o might have invited us! (expresa enfado)puede que llueva it may o might rain¿vendrás mañana? — puede will you come tomorrow? — I may dopuede ser perhaps, maybe5 to be stronger than.tú eres más alto, pero yo te puedo you may be taller than me, but I could still beat you up6 to can, to may, to be able to, to be apt to.Ella puede correr She is able to run.7 to might, to stand to.Ella podría surgir She might rise above.8 to be capable.* * *Present IndicativePast IndicativeFuture IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperative* * *1. verb1) can2) to be able3) may2. noun m.1) power2) control3) possession4) strength, force* * *1. VERBO AUXILIAR1) (=tener la posibilidad o capacidad de)puedo hacerlo solo — I can do it on my own o by myself
¿se puede llamar por teléfono desde aquí? — can you phone from here?
no puede venir — he can't o cannot come
no ha podido venir — he couldn't come, he was unable to come
2) (=tener permiso para)puedes irte — you can o may go
¿puedo usar tu teléfono? — can o may I use your phone?
¿puedo abrir la ventana? — can o may I open the window?
aquí no se puede fumar — you aren't allowed to smoke here, you can't smoke here
3) [en peticiones]¿puedes/puede darme un vaso de agua? — can I/may I have a glass of water please?
¿me puede usted decir cuándo sale el autobús? — can o could you tell me when the bus leaves?
4) [indicando eventualidad]puede o podría estar en cualquier sitio — it could o might be anywhere
¡cuidado, te puedes hacer daño! — careful, you could o might hurt yourself!
podías haberte roto una pierna — you could o might have broken your leg
5) [indicando obligación moral]¡no pueden tratarnos así! — they can't treat us like this!
6) [en cálculos, aproximaciones]¿qué edad puede tener? — I wonder what age he is?, how old do you reckon he is?
7) [en sugerencias]8) [en reproches]¡podías habérmelo dicho! — you could o might have told me!
habría podido ser más amable — she could o might have been a bit nicer
¡al menos podrías disculparte! — you could at least say sorry!
2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) (=tener la posibilidad o capacidad)¡no puedo más! — (=estoy agotado) I can't go on!; (=estoy desesperado) I can't cope any more!; (=he comido mucho) I can't eat another thing!
2) (=tener permiso)¿se puede? — may I come in?
¿puedo? — may I?
3) (=tener dominio, influencia)los que pueden — those who can, those who are able
el dinero puede mucho — money can do almost anything, money talks
poder conpoder a algn: yo le puedo — I'm a match for him; [entre niños] I could have him *
¿puedes con la maleta? — can you manage the suitcase?
no puedo con él — (=no puedo controlarle) I can't handle him; (=pesa mucho) he's too heavy for me
4) [en locuciones]•
a más no poder, es tonto a más no poder — he's as stupid as they come•
no poder por menos que, no pude por menos que decirle lo que pensaba de él — I just had to tell him what I thought of himsu actitud me pudo — his attitude annoyed me o got on my nerves
3.VERBO IMPERSONALpuede (ser) (=es posible) maybe, it may be so, perhapspuede (ser) que ({+ subjun}9})¡no puede ser! — that can't be!, that's impossible!
puede (ser) que esté en la biblioteca — he could o may be in the library, perhaps he's in the library
puede (ser) que tenga uno ya — he may o might have one already
puede (ser) que no venga — he may o might not come
puede (ser) que tenga razón — she may o could be right
4. SUSTANTIVO MASCULINO1) (=capacidad, facultad) powerpoder de convocatoria, tienen un gran poder de convocatoria — they really pull in the crowds, they're real crowd-pullers *
2) (=autoridad, influencia) powerejercen un poder enorme sobre la juventud — they have a lot of power o influence over young people
no tienen poder para oponerse a estas medidas — they are not powerful enough to oppose these measures
3) (Pol)¡el pueblo al poder! — power to the people!
¡Herrera al poder! — Herrera for leader!
•
bajo el poder de algn, estar en el poder, ocupar el poder — to be in power•
el cuarto poder — the fourth estate4) (=fuerza, eficacia)este medicamento no tiene poder contra la tuberculosis — this drug is ineffective o isn't effective against tuberculosis
5) (=potestad)pl poderes powersles dieron amplios poderes para dirigir la empresa — they were given wide-ranging powers to run the company
tiene plenos poderes para intervenir en el asunto — he has full authority to intervene in the matter
6) (Jur)7) (=posesión) possessionesa información está u obra en poder de la juez — that information is in the hands of the judge, that information is in the judge's possession
•
pasar a poder de algn — to pass to sb, pass into sb's possession8) (Fís, Mec) power9) LAm (=persona) drug pusher* * *Iverbo auxiliar¿cuándo podrá darme una respuesta? — when will you be able to o when can you give me an answer?
no pudo asistir a la reunión — he was unable to o he couldn't attend the meeting
¿pudiste hacerlo sola? — were you able to do it on your own?
¿puedo servirme otro? — can o may I have another one?
¿le puedo hacer una sugerencia? — may I make a suggestion?
¿podría irme un poco más temprano hoy? — could I leave a little earlier today?
¿se puede? - adelante! — may I? - come in
3) ( expresando derecho moral)4)a) (en quejas, reproches)¿cómo pudiste hacer una cosa así? — how could you do such a thing?
podías or podrías haberme avisado — you could o might have warned me!
b) ( en sugerencias)c) ( solicitando un favor)¿puedes bajar un momento? — can you come down for a moment?
¿podrías hacerme un favor? — could you do me a favor?
poder con algo/alguien: ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?; no puedo con esta maleta I can't manage this suitcase; no pudo con el alemán y lo dejó he couldn't get to grips with German and he gave up; con este niño no hay quien pueda! this child is just impossible!; podérsela con algo — (Chi fam) to cope with something
6) (en locs)a más no poder: comió a más no poder he ate until he was fit to burst; corrimos a más no poder we ran as fast as we could; es feo a más no poder he's as ugly as they come; no poder más: estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted; ( lleno) I can't eat anything else; ya no puedo más con este niño I'm at the end of my tether with this child; ya no puedo más, me está desquiciando I can't go on like this, it's driving me mad; no poder (por) menos que: no pude menos que sentirme halagado I couldn't help feeling flattered; no pudo menos que reconocer — she had no alternative but to admit
7) (fam) (+ me, te, le etc)a) ( ganar)él es más alto, pero tú le puedes — he's taller than you but you can beat him
b) (Méx) ( doler)8) (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad)te podrías or podías haber matado — you could have killed yourself!
9) (en 3a pers)no puede ser que no lo sepa — he must know
no puede ser que ya haya terminado — he can't have finished already
si puede ser or (Esp) a poder ser — if possible
puede (ser) que tengas razón — you may o could be right
II- puede que sí, puede que no — maybe, maybe not
1)a) (control, influencia) powertiene mucho poder en el pueblo — he has a great deal of power o influence in the village
estamos/nos tiene en su poder — we are/she has us in her power
caer en poder de alguien — ciudad/país to fall to somebody
b) (Pol)tomar el poder — to take o seize power
detenta el poder desde hace 20 años — (frml) he has held power for 20 years
2) ( posesión)la carta está en poder de... — the letter is in the hands of...
obra en su poder la copia del acta — (frml) you have in your possession a copy of the minutes
3)a) (derecho, atribución)tener amplios/plenos poderes para hacer algo — to have wide-ranging powers/full authority to do something
b) (Der) ( documento) letter of authorization; ( hecho ante notario) power of attorneycasarse por poder (AmL) or (Esp) por poderes — to get married by proxy
4)a) (capacidad, facultad) powerb) (de motor, aparato) power•* * *Iverbo auxiliar¿cuándo podrá darme una respuesta? — when will you be able to o when can you give me an answer?
no pudo asistir a la reunión — he was unable to o he couldn't attend the meeting
¿pudiste hacerlo sola? — were you able to do it on your own?
¿puedo servirme otro? — can o may I have another one?
¿le puedo hacer una sugerencia? — may I make a suggestion?
¿podría irme un poco más temprano hoy? — could I leave a little earlier today?
¿se puede? - adelante! — may I? - come in
3) ( expresando derecho moral)4)a) (en quejas, reproches)¿cómo pudiste hacer una cosa así? — how could you do such a thing?
podías or podrías haberme avisado — you could o might have warned me!
b) ( en sugerencias)c) ( solicitando un favor)¿puedes bajar un momento? — can you come down for a moment?
¿podrías hacerme un favor? — could you do me a favor?
poder con algo/alguien: ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?; no puedo con esta maleta I can't manage this suitcase; no pudo con el alemán y lo dejó he couldn't get to grips with German and he gave up; con este niño no hay quien pueda! this child is just impossible!; podérsela con algo — (Chi fam) to cope with something
6) (en locs)a más no poder: comió a más no poder he ate until he was fit to burst; corrimos a más no poder we ran as fast as we could; es feo a más no poder he's as ugly as they come; no poder más: estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted; ( lleno) I can't eat anything else; ya no puedo más con este niño I'm at the end of my tether with this child; ya no puedo más, me está desquiciando I can't go on like this, it's driving me mad; no poder (por) menos que: no pude menos que sentirme halagado I couldn't help feeling flattered; no pudo menos que reconocer — she had no alternative but to admit
7) (fam) (+ me, te, le etc)a) ( ganar)él es más alto, pero tú le puedes — he's taller than you but you can beat him
b) (Méx) ( doler)8) (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad)te podrías or podías haber matado — you could have killed yourself!
9) (en 3a pers)no puede ser que no lo sepa — he must know
no puede ser que ya haya terminado — he can't have finished already
si puede ser or (Esp) a poder ser — if possible
puede (ser) que tengas razón — you may o could be right
II- puede que sí, puede que no — maybe, maybe not
1)a) (control, influencia) powertiene mucho poder en el pueblo — he has a great deal of power o influence in the village
estamos/nos tiene en su poder — we are/she has us in her power
caer en poder de alguien — ciudad/país to fall to somebody
b) (Pol)tomar el poder — to take o seize power
detenta el poder desde hace 20 años — (frml) he has held power for 20 years
2) ( posesión)la carta está en poder de... — the letter is in the hands of...
obra en su poder la copia del acta — (frml) you have in your possession a copy of the minutes
3)a) (derecho, atribución)tener amplios/plenos poderes para hacer algo — to have wide-ranging powers/full authority to do something
b) (Der) ( documento) letter of authorization; ( hecho ante notario) power of attorneycasarse por poder (AmL) or (Esp) por poderes — to get married by proxy
4)a) (capacidad, facultad) powerb) (de motor, aparato) power•* * *poder11 = force, strength, power, leverage, authority, clout, might, muscle power, power of attorney, sway.Ex: Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.
Ex: The strength of the acetone rinsing on the strength of the paper is investigated, and its efficiency in removing NM2P is also examined using gas liquid chromatography.Ex: She added that she felt sorry for the assistant because he had so little power.Ex: At certain times, dubious interpretations of the rules have even been used as leverage in gaining ground on matters of dispute between Community partners.Ex: One of the great virtues of networking is that it democratizes access to information and access to authority.Ex: IT executives would like to see their role in the organization elevated, giving them more ' clout', stature and visibility.Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex: Their development, particularly for replacing human muscle power, has been in parallel with that of information technology, but largely independent of it.Ex: A power of attorney is a legal instrument that is used to delegate legal authority to another.Ex: During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.* abusar del poder = lord over, lord it over.* abuso de poder = abuse of power.* altas esferas del poder, las = echelons of power, the.* ansioso de poder = power-hungry.* asumir poder = assume + power.* ceder las riendas del poder = hand over + the reins of power.* círculo de poder = circle of power.* con ansias de poder = power-hungry.* conceder poderes = give + powers.* con hambre de poder = power-hungry.* con poder = powerful.* con sed de poder = power-hungry.* control del poder = hold on power.* dar poderes = give + powers.* dejar sin poder = disempower.* división de poderes = division of powers.* ejercer poder = wield + power, exercise + power.* en el poder = in office.* equilibrio de poder = balance of power.* estructura de poder = power structure.* frecuentar los pasillos del poder = stalk + the corridors of power.* gente de poder = wielders of power, powerful people.* gobierno en el poder = ruling government.* grupo de poder = power group.* hambriento de poder = power-hungry.* igualdad de poder = parity of power.* inversión de poderes = power reversal.* jerarquía de poder = scalar chain.* llevar al poder = bring + Nombre + to power.* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.* lucha de poderes = power struggle.* lucha por el poder = power struggle.* luchar de poderes = battle of wills.* partido en el poder, el = ruling party, the.* pasar las riendas del poder a = hand + the reins over to.* pasillos del poder, los = corridors of power, the.* perder poder = lose + power.* pérdida de poder = disempowerment.* poder adquisitivo = spending power, purchasing power, buying power.* poder colectivo = collective power.* poder curativo = healing power.* poder de atracción = drawing power.* poder de curación = healing power.* poder de discriminación = discretion.* poder de enganche = holding power.* poder del estado = state power.* poder de negociación = bargaining power.* poder de representación = power of representation.* poder de retención = holding power.* poder divino = divine power.* poder económico = economic leverage.* poder ejecutivo = chief executive, executive arm, executive power.* poder ejecutivo, el = Executive, the.* poder estatal = state power.* poder imperial = imperial power.* poder judicial = judicial arm, judicial system.* poder judicial, el = judiciary, the.* poder legal = statutory power.* poder legislativo = legislative power, legislative arm.* poder mágico = magical power, magic power.* poder notarial = power of attorney.* poder político = political power.* poder presidencial = presidential power.* poder público = public power, public authority.* poder remunerativo = earning power, earning capacity.* poder sobrenatural = supernatural power.* política del poder = power politics.* por poderes = by proxy.* posición de poder = position power.* quitar el poder = disempower.* relación de poder = power relationship.* relaciones de poder = power relations.* sediento de poder = power-hungry.* subida al poder = seizure of power.* subir al poder = rise to + power.* tener el poder = be the boss, call + the shots, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener el poder de = have + the power to.* tener las riendas del poder = hold + the reins of power.* tomar el poder = take + power.* tomar las riendas del poder = take + the reins of power.poder22 = be able to, be capable of, can, have + the opportunity, may, qualify for, manage to.Ex: Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.
Ex: Main classes are thus only capable of precise definition in the contexts of particular classification schemes.Ex: When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.Ex: Every librarian, regardless of his government's policy, has the opportunity, if he has the courage, to open the avenues of books and ideas a little wider.Ex: My second point may be a slightly tangential, but I hope it is a concrete reaction to the general tenor of Mr. Lubetzky's remarks and the general subject posed.Ex: FIAC has drawn up a list of criteria to determine whether an advice centre qualifies for membership of the Federation.Ex: Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.* Algo por lo que se puede cobrar = billable.* al que no se puede dejar de faltar = unmissable.* como mejor + poder = as best + Pronombre + can.* cuando antes pueda = at + Posesivo + earliest convenience.* de modo que + poder + oír = within earshot of.* en el que se puede buscar = searchable.* estar tan bueno que no se puede dejar de comer = moreish, moreish.* hacerlo lo mejor que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + utmost.* hacer lo mejor que Uno pueda = put + Posesivo + best into.* hacer lo mejor que Uno puede = try + Posesivo + heart out.* hacer todo lo que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + best, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can.* hacer todo lo que Uno pueda (dado) = do + the best possible (with).* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.* muy bien + podría + Verbo = might + well + Verbo.* muy bien + puede + Verbo = may well + Verbo.* nada puede estar más apartado de la realidad = nothing can be further from the truth.* noche sin poder dormir = sleepless night.* no poder = be unable to, cannot, can't [cannot].* no poder aguantar a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no poder conciliar el sueño = have + trouble sleeping.* no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.* no poder dejar de recalcar la importancia de Algo = the importance of + Nombre + cannot be stressed too strongly, cannot + give + too much emphasis + to the importance of.* no poder dormir = sleeplessness.* no poder estarse quieto = have + the fidgets, fidget.* no poder evitar + Infinitivo = cannot help + Gerundio, cannot help but + Verbo.* no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.* no poder hacer más que = do + little more than.* no poder permitirse = ill afford.* no poder permitirse el lujo de = ill afford.* no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.* no poderse buscar = be unsearchable.* no poderse negar que = there + be + no denying that.* no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no pude evitar notar que = couldn't help but notice (that).* no puedo aguantarlo = can't take it.* no puedo comprender = I can't get over.* No se le puede pedir peras al olmo = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.* no se puede dejar de recalcar el + Nombre + de = the + Nombre + of + Nombre + cannot be overemphasised.* no se puede dejar de recalcar el + Nombre + of = the + Nombre + of + Nombre + cannot be overstated.* no se puede dejar de recalcar la importancia de Algo = the importance of + Nombre + cannot be overemphasised, the importance of + Nombre + cannot be overstated.* personas que no pueden salir de casa = homebound, the.* poder contar con = be there for + Pronombre, be there for + Pronombre.* poder + Infinitivo = succeed in + Gerundio.* poderse afirmar que = it + be + safe to say that.* poderse contestar = be answerable.* poderse integrar en = be integrable in.* poderse localizar = be locatable.* poder utilizarse = be usable.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* puede muy bien ser = could well be.* puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.* puede que = maybe.* puede que al final sea para bien = be a blessing in disguise.* ¿Puede repetir? = I beg your pardon?, I beg your pardon?.* que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.* que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.* que no se puede entregar = undeliverable.* que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.* que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.* que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.* que puede causar detención = arrestable.* que puede demostrarse = demonstrably.* que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.* que puede ser apilado = stacking.* que puede ser usado a través de la web = web-compliant.* querer es poder = where there's a will there's a way.* que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.* que se puede arreglar = fixable.* que se puede buscar = searchable.* que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].* que se puede escuchar = playable.* que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.* que se puede identificar con un término = nameable.* que se puede imprimir = printable.* que se puede quitar = detachable.* que se puede separar = detachable.* que se puede visualizar = viewable.* sálvese el que pueda = free-for-all.* sálvese quien pueda = the devil take the hindmost, every man for himself, let battle commence.* se puede = is to be.* siempre que uno puede dedicarle el tiempo = in + Posesivo + own time.* sin poder contenerse = helplessly.* sin poder dormir = sleepless.* sin poder extinguirlo = inextinguishably.* sin poder hacer nada = helplessly.* tan sorprendente como pueda parecer = as amazing as it seems.* todavía + poderse + escuchar los ecos de = echo + still resound from.* * *A tener la capacidad deB expresando idea de permisoC expresando un derecho moralD1 en quejas, reproches2 en sugerencias3 solicitando un favorA1 poder con algo/alguien2 el dinero lo puede todoB en locucionesC1 vencer, ganar2 dolerA con idea de eventualidadB en tercera personaA(tener la capacidad o posibilidad de): ven en cuanto puedas come as soon as you canno puedo pagar tanto I can't pay that much¿cómo que no puedes? what do you mean, you can't do it ( o you can't come etc)?no podía dejar de reír I couldn't stop laughingno va a poder venir he won't be able to come¿cuándo podrá darme una respuesta definitiva? when will you be able to o when can you give me a firm answer?no pude convencerla I couldn't persuade herno pudo asistir a la reunión he was unable to o he couldn't attend the meeting¿pudiste hacerlo sola? did you manage to do it o were you able to do it on your own?hicimos todo lo que pudimos por ayudarlos we did everything in our power o everything we could to help themno se puede valer por sí mismo he can't manage by himselfno habría podido hacerlo sin tu ayuda I wouldn't have been able to do it o I couldn't have done it without your helpno debe (de) haber podido encontrarlo she obviously couldn't find it o can't have found it¡este niño no se puede estar quieto ni un minuto! this child just won't o can't keep still for a minute!con aquel ruido no se podía trabajar it was impossible to work o you couldn't work with that noise going on¿sabes que se han prometido? — ¡no te (lo) puedo creer! do you know they're engaged? — you're joking! o I don't believe it!B(expresando idea de permiso): ¿puedo servirme otro? can o may I have another one?ya pueden volver la hoja you may turn the page over now¿me puedo ir? — ¡no señor! can o may I go? — no, you cannot o may not!¿sales a jugar? — no puedo, estoy castigada are you coming out to play? — I can't, I'm being kept in¿puedo pasar? may I come in?¿le puedo hacer una sugerencia? may I make a suggestion?¿podría irme un poco más temprano hoy? could I leave a little earlier today?por mí, puedes hacer lo que quieras as far as I'm concerned, you can do whatever you likeno puede comer sal he isn't allowed to eat salt¿quién te lo dijo, si se puede saber? who told you, may I ask?¿se puede? — ¡adelante! may I? — come inaquí no se puede fumar smoking is not allowed here, you can't smoke hereC(expresando un derecho moral): no podemos hacerle eso we can't do that to herdespués de lo que has trabajado, bien puedes tomarte un descanso you're entitled to o you deserve a rest after all the work you've donees lo menos que puedes hacer it's the least you can doD1(en quejas, reproches): ¿cómo pudiste hacer una cosa así? how could you do such a thing?¿cómo puedes ser tan ingrato? how can you be so ungrateful?podías or podrías haberme avisado you could o might have warned me!2(en sugerencias): podrías or podías pedírselo tú, a ti siempre te hace caso why don't you ask him? he always listens to youya te puedes ir haciendo a la idea you'd better start getting used to the idea3(solicitando un favor): ¿puedes bajar un momento? can you come down for a moment?¿podrías hacerme un favor? could you do me a favor?¿no puedes irte a jugar a otra parte? can't you go and play somewhere else?A1 poder CON algo/algn:¿tú puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?no puedo con esta maleta I can't manage this suitcaseyo no puedo solo con la casa, los niños y la tienda I can't do the housework, look after the children and run the store all on my own, I can't cope with the house, the children and the store all on my ownno pudo con el alemán y lo dejó he couldn't get o come to grips with German and he gave up¡con este niño no hay quien pueda! this child is just impossible!no se la puede con el trabajo he can't cope with the job o manage the job2el dinero lo puede todo money talks, you can do anything if you have moneyB ( en locuciones):a más no poder: comió a más no poder he ate until he was fit to burstgana dinero a más no poder she's making pots of money ( colloq), she's making money hand over fistes feo a más no poder he's as ugly as they comecorrimos a más no poder we ran for all we were worth o as fast as we couldno poder más: estoy que no puedo más (de cansancio) I'm exhausteda mí no me des postre que ya no puedo más don't serve me any dessert, I can't eat anything elseya no puedo más con este niño I'm at the end of my tether with this childno podía más, y ese estúpido que no salía del cuarto de baño I was desperate o I was bursting to go and that idiot wouldn't come out of the bathroom ( colloq)ya no puedo más, me está desquiciando I can't go on like this, it's driving me madno poder (por) menos que: uno no puede menos que sentirse halagado one can't help feeling flatteredno puedo menos que expresar mi profunda decepción I feel I must say how deeply disappointed I amno pudo menos que reconocer que teníamos razón she had no alternative but to admit that we were rightC1 ( fam)(vencer, ganar): él es más alto pero tú le puedes he's taller than you but you can beat himtu papá no le puede al mío your dad's not as strong as minea gracioso no hay quien le pueda as a comic, there's no-one to beat him o he's unbeatable2( Méx fam) (doler): tu desprecio le puede mucho she's very hurt by your disdainful attitude, your disdainful attitude hurts her deeplynos pudo mucho la muerte de Julio we were greatly saddened o terribly upset by Julio's deathA(con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad): puede aparecer en cualquier momento he may turn up at any momentde él se puede esperar cualquier cosa anything's possible with himno sé dónde lo puedo haber puesto I don't know where I can have put itno hagas nada que pueda resultar sospechoso don't do anything that might look suspiciouspuede haber venido mientras no estábamos he may have come while we were outhace horas que están reunidos ¿de qué pueden estar hablando? they've been in that meeting for hours, what can they be talking about?te podrías or podías haber matado you could have killed yourself!un error así puede costar millones a mistake like that could cost millionsno podía haber estado más amable she couldn't have been kinderllaman a la puerta — ¿quién podrá ser a estas horas? there's someone at the door — who can o could it be at this time?podría volver a ocurrir it could happen againPilar no pudo haber sido it couldn't have been PilarB ( en tercera persona):¿nos habrá mentido? — no sé, puede ser do you think he lied to us? — I don't know, he may have done o it's possibleno puede ser que no lo sepa he must knowno puede ser que ya haya terminado he can't have finished alreadysi puede ser or ( Esp) a poder ser preferiría la cuarta fila if possible, I'd prefer row fourme habría gustado verlo pero no pudo ser I would have liked to see him but it wasn't possible o it wasn't to bepuede (ser) que tengas razón you may o could be rightpuede (ser) que no nos haya visto he may not have seen us¿vas a votar para ella? — puede que sí or puede are you going to vote for her? — maybe o I may¿lo vas a aceptar? — puede que sí, puede que no are you going to accept it? — maybe, maybe notA1 (control, influencia) powerel poder de la prensa the power of the presstiene mucho poder en el pueblo he has a great deal of power o influence o he is a very powerful man in the villagela Familia Real no tiene ningún poder the Royal Family has no powerConstantinopla cayó en poder de los turcos Constantinople fell to the Turksestamos/nos tiene en su poder we are/she has us in her power2 ( Pol):el poder powerestar en el poder to be in powertomar el poder to take o seize powerasumir el poder to assume powerdetenta el poder desde hace 20 años ( frml); he has held power for 20 yearslleva cuatro años en el poder he has been in power for four yearstoda la vida buscó el poder y la gloria all her life she sought power and fameel poder en la sombra the power behind the throneel poder corrompe power corruptsB(posesión): la carta está en poder de las autoridades the letter is in the hands of the authoritieshay que evitar que llegue a su poder we have to stop it falling into his handsobra en su poder la copia del acta ( frml); you have in your possession a copy of the minutesla solicitud ya pasó a poder de la oficina central the application has already been passed to our head officeC1(derecho, atribución): tiene amplios/plenos poderes para investigar el asunto he has wide-ranging powers/full authority to investigate the matterla entrega or transmisión de poderes the handing over o transmission of powerlos poderes de la junta son ilimitados the junta has unlimited powerslos poderes que le han sido conferidos the powers which have been vested in himla separación de poderes entre la Iglesia y el Estado the division o separation of power between the Church and the StateD1 (capacidad, facultad) powersu poder de convicción or de persuasión her power of persuasionel poder del amor/de la sugestión the power of love/of suggestiontiene poderes extrasensoriales he has extrasensory powers2 (de un motor, aparato) powerCompuestos:masculine absolute powermasculine (de una divisa, un sueldo) purchasing power, buying power; (de una persona, un grupo) purchasing power, spending powermasculine divine powerel poder ejecutivo the executivempl power of attorneympl:los poderes públicos the authoritiesel poder judicial the judiciaryel poder legislativo the legislature* * *
poder 1 ( conjugate poder) v aux
1 ( tener la capacidad o posibilidad de):
no puedo pagar tanto I can't pay that much;
no podía dormir I couldn't sleep;
no va a poder venir he won't be able to come;
no pudo asistir he was unable to o he couldn't attend;
¿pudiste hacerlo sola? were you able to do it on your own?
2a) ( expresando idea de permiso):◊ ¿puedo servirme otro? can o may I have another one?;
¿podría irme más temprano hoy? could I leave earlier today?;
puedes hacer lo que quieras you can do whatever you like;
no puede comer sal he isn't allowed to eat salt;
¿se puede? — ¡adelante! may I? — come in;
aquí no se puede fumar smoking is not allowed hereb) ( solicitando un favor):◊ ¿puedes bajar un momento? can you come down for a moment?;
¿podrías hacerme un favor? could you do me a favor?
3 ( expresando derecho moral):
4 (en quejas, reproches): podías or podrías haberme avisado you could o might have warned me!
( con idea de esfuerzo)
1 poder con algo/algn:◊ ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?;
no puedo con este niño I can't cope with this child;
estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted;
( lleno) I can't eat anything else;
2 (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad): te podrías or podías haber matado you could have killed yourself!;
podría volver a ocurrir it could happen again;
no pudo ser it wasn't possible;
puede (ser) que tengas razón you may o could be right;
puede que sí, puede que no maybe, maybe not
3 (Méx) ( doler):
poder 2 sustantivo masculino
1
estamos en su poder we are in her powerb) (Pol)
estar en el poder to be in power;
tomar el poder to take o seize power
2 ( posesión):◊ la carta está en poder de … the letter is in the hands of …
3
( hecho ante notario) power of attorney;
casarse por poder (AmL) or (Esp) por poderes to get married by proxy
4
poder adquisitivo purchasing power
poder 1 sustantivo masculino power
Jur por poderes, by proxy
Econ poder adquisitivo, purchasing power
poder 2
I verbo transitivo
1 (tener capacidad) to be able to, can: no puedo evitarlo, I can't help it
podías habernos avisado, you could/ might have warned us
2 (tener derecho o autorización) may, might, can
¿puedo repetir?, may I have a second helping?
no puede tomar carne de cerdo, he can't eat pork
las mujeres ya pueden votar, women can already vote
3 (uso impers) may, might: puede que la vea luego, I might see her later
puede que sí, puede que no, maybe, maybe not
II verbo intransitivo
1 to cope [con, with]: no puedo con todo, I can't cope
2 (vencer, tener más fuerza) to be stronger than
En el presente, can y to be able to son sinónimos. Sin embargo, en el pasado could significa que podías hacer algo, mientras que was o were able to significa que, además de poder hacerlo, lo hiciste: I could tell him the truth. Podía decirle la verdad (no sabemos si lo hice). I was able to tell him the truth. Fui capaz de decirle la verdad (lo hice). En el futuro solo podemos emplear to be able to: I will be able to do it tomorrow. Podré hacerlo mañana.
Para expresar posibilidad puedes usar may, could o might. La diferencia consiste en el grado de probabilidad que sugieren. Recuerda que may se refiere a hechos más probables que might o could: Puede que llueva mañana. It may rain tomorrow (crees que es posible). It might/ could rain tomorrow (crees que la posibilidad es más remota).
' poder' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
absoluta
- absoluto
- abusar
- abuso
- adquisitiva
- adquisitivo
- ámbito
- caber
- CGPJ
- concentrar
- continuismo
- desgaste
- desperdicio
- destronar
- desvelarse
- dominio
- entregar
- erótica
- excedente
- garra
- grabar
- grandeza
- idea
- informal
- judicial
- legislativa
- legislativo
- manifestarse
- mano
- obrar
- parcela
- remediar
- respirar
- sátrapa
- sed
- seducción
- someterse
- sugestión
- usurpar
- ver
- acumular
- anhelar
- ansia
- ansiar
- atribuir
- autoridad
- ávido
- ceder
- clavar
- confiar
English:
able
- abuse
- afford
- anything
- assume
- assumption
- can
- conform
- cope
- encroach
- fold
- form
- foursome
- get
- glad
- greed
- greediness
- greedy
- handle
- hungry
- lust
- make
- manage
- may
- might
- office
- out
- power
- power of attorney
- proxy
- purchasing power
- seize
- seizure
- spending power
- stick
- stranglehold
- take aside
- takeover
- unable
- use
- utmost
- whichever
- zenith
- could
- executive
- height
- helplessly
- judiciary
- lie
- peace
* * *poder1 nm1. [mando, autoridad] power;la gente con más poder en la organización the most powerful people in the organization;estar en el poder to be in power;perder el poder to lose power;el poder corrompe power corrupts;la separación de poderes the separation of powers;de poder a poder: un enfrentamiento de poder a poder a heavyweight contest;el partido se disputó de poder a poder it was a close contest between two excellent sidespoder absoluto absolute power;el poder ejecutivo [el gobierno] the executive;los poderes fácticos the centres of power in society;el poder judicial [los jueces] the judiciary;el poder legislativo [las cortes] the legislature;poderes públicos (public) authoritiesobra en su poder un documento comprometedor she has in her possession a compromising document;tienen en su poder a varios rehenes they have taken a number of hostages;el pueblo cayó en poder del enemigo the town fell to the enemy;la casa pasó a poder del banco ownership of the house was transferred to the bank3. [capacidad] power;un producto con gran poder de limpieza a very powerful cleaning product;tener poderes (paranormales) to be psychic, to have psychic powerspoder adquisitivo [de salario] purchasing o buying power; [de persona] disposable income;poder calorífico calorific value;poder de convicción persuasive powers;poder de convocatoria: [m5] tener poder de convocatoria to be a crowd-puller;Mil poder de disuasión deterrent force; Mil poder disuasorio deterrent force4. [autorización] power, authorization;[documento] power of attorney;dar poderes a alguien para que haga algo to authorize sb to do sth;tener plenos poderes para hacer algo to be fully authorized to do sth;por poderes by proxy;poder notarial power of attorney [witnessed by a notary]♦ vi1. [tener facultad, capacidad] can, to be able to;no puedo decírtelo I can't tell you, I'm unable to tell you;ahora mismo no podemos atenderle, llame más tarde we can't o we are unable to take your call right now, please call later;¿puede correrse un poco, por favor? could you move up a bit, please?;al final pudo salir de allí in the end she managed to get out of there;¡así no se puede hacer nada! we'll never get anywhere like this!;de poder ir, sería a partir de las siete if I manage to o can make it, it will be after seven;en cuanto pueda as soon as possible;si puedo, te llamaré I'll call you if I get the chance2. [tener permiso] can, may;no puedo salir por la noche I'm not allowed to o I can't go out at night;¿podríamos ir contigo? could we go with you?;¿podría hablar un momento con usted? could I have a word with you?;¿se pueden hacer fotos? can we o are we allowed to take photos?;¿puedo fumar aquí? may o can I smoke here?;no se puede fumar you're not allowed to smoke;¿se puede? may I come in?;¿se puede saber dónde te habías metido? might I know o would you mind telling me where you were?3. [ser capaz moralmente] can;no podemos portarnos así con él we can't treat him like that;¿cómo puedes decir una cosa así? how can you say such a thing?4. [tener posibilidad, ser posible] may, can;puede volver de un momento a otro she could come back any moment;puedo haberlo perdido I may have lost it;podías haber cogido el tren you could have caught the train;puede estallar la guerra war could o may break out;¡habría podido invitarnos!, ¡podría habernos invitado! [expresa enfado] she could o might have invited us!;[tarea, problema] to be able to cope with;¿puedes con todas las bolsas? can you manage all those bags?;no puedo con este baúl, ¿me ayudas a levantarlo? I can't lift this trunk on my own, can you give me a hand?;no poder con algo/alguien [no soportar] not to be able to stand sth/sb;no puedo con la hipocresía I can't stand hypocrisy;¡contigo no hay quien pueda! you're impossible!es avaro a más no poder he's as miserly as can be;llovía a más no poder it was absolutely pouring down;la pierna me dolía a más no poder you can't imagine how much my leg was hurting;no poder más [estar cansado] to be too tired to carry on;[estar harto de comer] to be full (up); [estar enfadado, harto] to have had enough;no pude por menos que reírme I had to laugh, I couldn't help but laugh;Fam¡ya podrás, con una máquina como esa! anyone could do it with a machine like that!;no puedo con mi alma I'm ready to drop♦ v impersonal[ser posible] may;puede que llueva it may o might rain;puede que se haya equivocado she may be wrong;¿vendrás mañana? – puede will you come tomorrow? – I may do;puede que sí o puede que no maybe, maybe not;puede ser perhaps, maybe;si puede ser, a poder ser if (at all) possible;lo siento, pero no va a poder ser I'm sorry, but it's not going to be possible;puede ser que no lo sepa she may not know;¡no puede ser que sea ya tan tarde! surely it can't be that late already!♦ vt1. [ser más fuerte que] to be stronger than;tú eres más alto, pero yo te puedo you may be taller than me, but I could still beat you up;mi coche le puede al tuyo my car is faster than yours any dayle pudo su derrota, todavía no se repone losing really got to her, she still hasn't got over it* * *I v/aux1 capacidad can, be able to;no pude hablar con ella I wasn’t able to talk to her2 permiso can, be allowed to;¿puedo ir contigo? can o may I come with you?3 posibilidad may, might;¡podías habérselo dicho! you could have o you might have told himII v/i:me puede he can beat me;es franco a más no poder fam he’s as frank as they come fam ;comimos a más no poder fam we ate to bursting point fam ;no puedo más I can’t take any more, I’ve had enough;a poder ser if possible;puede ser perhaps, maybe;¡no puede ser! it can’t be!, that can’t be right!;puede que perhaps, maybe;puede ser que no lo sepa maybe o perhaps he doesn’t know;¿se puede? can I come in?, do you mind if I come in?;no pude menos de insultarle insulting him was the least I could doen poder de alguien in s.o.’s hands;plenos poderes pl full authority sg ;por poderes, L.Am.los poder es públicos the authorities* * *poder {58} v aux1) : to be able to, canno puede hablar: he can't speakpuede llover: it may rain at any moment¿cómo puede ser?: how can that be?¿puedo ir a la fiesta?: can I go to the party?¿se puede?: may I come in?poder vi1) : to beat, to defeatcree que le puede a cualquiera: he thinks he can beat anyone2) : to be possible¿crees que vendrán? - puede (que sí): do you think they'll come? - maybe3)poder con : to cope with, to manage¡no puedo con estos niños!: I can't handle these children!4)no poder más : to have had enoughno puede más: she can't take anymore5)no poder menos que : to not be able to helpno pudo menos que asombrarse: she couldn't help but be amazedpoder nm1) : control, powerpoder adquisitivo: purchasing power2) : authorityel poder legislativo: the legislature3) : possessionestá en mi poder: it's in my hands4) : strength, forcepoder militar: military might* * *poder1 n (en general) powerpoder2 vb1. (capacidad, posibilidad) can / could / to be able to¿puedo echarte una mano? can I give you a hand?¿qué podemos comprarle? what can we buy her?¿cuándo podrás venir? when will you be able to come?2. (permiso) can / may¿puedo hablar con el jefe? can I speak to the boss?¿se puede pasar? can I come in?3. (probabilidad) may / could / mightpuede que venga, puede que no he might come, he might notpoder con to manage / to cope with -
3 mismo
adj.same, selfsame, self-same, very same.adv.himself, per se, as such, in itself.El hombre mismo The man himself. El mismo hombre = The same man.* * *► adjetivo1 (idéntico) same2 (enfático) very1 same1 same\yo (ti, etc) mismo,-a myself (yourself, etc)■ con el sr. Suárez por favor --yo mismo may I speak to Mr Suárez please? --speakinglo mismo da it doen't mattero lo que es lo mismo that is to say¡por eso mismo! preciselyvolver a las mismas / estar en las mismas to be back at square one————————► adverbio1 same* * *(f. - misma)adj.1) same2) very3) oneself* * *1. ADJ1) (=igual) samerespondieron al mismo tiempo — they answered together, they answered at the same time
•
el mismo... que — the same... as2) [reflexivo]valerse 2)3) [enfático]a) [relativo a personas]yo mismo lo vi — I saw it myself, I saw it with my own eyes
-¿quién responde? -a ver, tú mismo — "who's going to answer?" - "well, why don't you answer yourself!"
b) [relativo a cosas]-¿cuál quieres? -ese mismo — "which one do you want?" - "that one there"
-¡es un canalla! -eso mismo pienso yo — "he's a swine!" - "my thoughts exactly"
en todos los países europeos, España misma incluida — in all European countries, including Spain itself
Ana es la generosidad misma — Ana is generosity itself, Ana is the epitome of generosity
•
por eso mismo, era pobre y por eso mismo su ascenso tiene más mérito — he was poor and for that very reason his promotion is all the more commendable4) [como pronombre]-¿y qué edad tienes tú? -la misma que él — "and how old are you?" - "I'm the same age as him"
-¿es usted la señorita Sánchez? -¡la misma! — "are you Miss Sánchez?" - "I am indeed!"
5)•
lo mismo —a) (=la misma cosa) the same (thing)¡hombre, no es lo mismo! — it's not the same (thing) at all!
- son unos canallas -lo mismo digo yo — "they're swine" - "that's (exactly) what I say"
-¡enhorabuena! -lo mismo digo — "congratulations!" - "likewise" o "the same to you"
- eres un sinvergüenza -lo mismo te digo — "you're completely shameless" - "you too" o "so are you"
-¿qué desea de beber? -lo mismo (de antes), por favor — "what would you like to drink?" - "(the) same again, please"
cuando le interese a él, o lo que es lo mismo, nunca — when it suits him, in other words never
•
por lo mismo, no es inteligente y por lo mismo tiene que estudiar el doble — he's not clever, which is exactly why he has to study twice as hard•
lo mismo que, le dijo lo mismo que yo — she told him the same thing o the same as she told meno es lo mismo hablar en público que en privado — it's not the same thing to talk in public as to talk in private
b)• dar lo mismo, da lo mismo — it's all the same, it makes no difference
me da lo mismo, lo mismo me da — I don't mind, it's all the same to me
c) * (=a lo mejor)no lo sé todavía, pero lo mismo voy — I don't know yet, but I may well come
pídeselo, lo mismo te lo presta — ask him for it; you never know, he may lend it to you
d)• lo mismo que (=al igual que) —
en Europa, lo mismo que en América — in Europe, (just) as in America
lo mismo que usted es médico yo soy ingeniero — just as you are a doctor, so I am an engineer
suspendí el examen, lo mismo que Íñigo — I failed the exam, just like Íñigo
yo, lo mismo que mi padre, odio el baloncesto — I hate basketball, just like my father
nos divertimos lo mismo que si hubiéramos ido al baile — we had just as good a time as if we had gone to the dance
e)• lo mismo... que (=tanto... como) —
aquí lo mismo te venden una vajilla que una bicicleta — they'll sell you anything here, from a dinner service to a bicycle
2.ADV [enfático]hazlo ahora mismo — do it right away o now
ahora mismo acabo de hablar con él — I've just been talking to him, I was talking to him only a moment ago
•
aquí mismo, -¿dónde lo pongo? -aquí mismo — "where shall I put it?" - "right here"•
así mismo, -¿cómo quieres el filete? -así mismo está bien — "how would you like your steak?" - "it's fine as it is"•
ayer mismo — only yesterday•
hoy mismo, he llegado hoy mismo — I just arrived today•
mañana mismo, llegará mañana mismo — he's arriving tomorrow, no less* * *I- ma adjetivo1)a) (delante del n) ( expresando identidad) samehacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo — to do two things at once o at the same time
b) (como pron) same¿usted es Pedro Lecue? - el mismo — are you Pedro Lecue? - I am indeed o that's right
en las mismas: no ha llegado, así que seguimos en las mismas it hasn't arrived so we're no further on; si vienes tú pero falta él, estamos en las mismas — if you come but he doesn't turn up, then we're no better off
2) ( uso enfático)a) (refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas)eso mismo pienso yo — that's exactly o just what I think
b) ( refiriéndose a personas)te perjudicas a ti mismo — you're only spiting o hurting yourself
3)lo mismo — ( la misma cosa)
lo mismo para mí — the same for me, please
dar lo mismo: me da lo mismo si lo rompe I don't care if he breaks it; le da lo mismo con o sin azúcar he doesn't mind with or without sugar; da lo mismo quién lo haga — it doesn't matter o it makes no difference who does it
4)a) (fam) ( expresando posibilidad)te ve por la calle y lo mismo no te saluda — you can meet him in the street and sometimes he doesn't even say hello to you
¿pregúntaselo? lo mismo dice que sí — ask him, he might (well) o may (well) say yes
lo mismo puedes conseguir caramelos que una botella de whisky — you can get anything, from sweets to a bottle of whiskey
b) (RPl fam) ( de todos modos) just o all the same, anyway5)lo mismo que — ( al igual que)
nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras — our company, like so many others
6)a) (como pron) (frml)se detuvo un coche y tres individuos bajaron del mismo — a car pulled up and three individuals got out
b) (como pron relativo) (Méx frml)IIagradecemos su donativo, mismo que fue aplicado a la compra de medicamentos — we thank you for your donation, which has been used to buy medicines
aquí/ahora mismo — right here/now
* * *= identical, same, equal.Ex. The DISPLAY command is identical to the TYPE command except when using a format which includes only a few lines per record.Ex. The command function 'SAVE' is used to save a search formulation for later use on the same or another data base on the same system.Ex. Collection development should ideally involve de-acquisitions as an on-going program of equal importance.----* admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* ahora mismo = right now, just now.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* allí mismo = on the spot, there and then.* al mismo nivel de = flush with.* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.* al mismo tiempo = at once, at the same time, concurrently, in the process, simultaneously, at one and the same time, contemporaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, concomitantly, at the one time, all the while.* al mismo tiempo que = in parallel to/with, while, as the same time as, cum, in conjunction with.* al mismo tiempo que + Indicativo = whilst + Gerundio.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* apuntar a la misma conclusión = point to + the same conclusion.* aquí mismo = right here.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a usted mismo = thyself.* bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.* brillar por Uno mismo = shine on + Posesivo + own.* concepto de uno mismo = self-image.* conciencia de sí mismo = self-awareness.* conciencia de uno mismo = self-awareness.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* con el mismo = therewith.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.* confianza en uno mismo = self-belief.* conócete a ti mismo = know + thyself.* consciente de uno mismo = self-conscious.* cuestionario rellenado por uno mismo = self-administered questionnaire.* cuidado de uno mismo = self-caring, self-care.* definido por uno mismo = self-defined.* definir por uno mismo = self-define.* de la misma categoría que = in a class with.* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.* de la misma manera = by the same token.* de la misma manera (que) = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as).* del mismo calibre que = in a class with.* del mismo modo = exactly, in the same vein, by the same token.* del mismo modo que = as, in the form that, in the same way (as), in the same way that, just as, in the same manner (as), along the lines, after the fashion of, similar to, in common with.* del mismo + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.* del mismo sexo = same-sex.* del mismo tipo que las oficinas = office-type.* desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.* de una misma manera = in a similar fashion.* dirigido hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* dirigido por uno mismo = self-directed.* ella misma = herself.* él mismo = himself.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* encerrado en sí mismo = closeted.* en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).* en el mismo número de años = in as many years.* en el mismo orden que = in sync with.* en ese mismo instante = at that very moment.* en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.* en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.* en la misma época = contemporaneously.* en la misma habitación = ensuite.* en la misma línea de = in the vein of.* en la misma línea que = in line with.* en sí mismo = in itself, unto + Reflexivo, per se.* en sí mismos = in themselves.* escogido por uno mismo = self-chosen.* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* estar en la misma categoría que = rank with.* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.* evidente por sí mismo = self-evident.* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.* hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.* hacer del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.* hasta el mismo = right up to.* imagen de uno mismo = self-presentation.* intentar hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* más de lo mismo = more of the same.* mí mismo = myself.* mismo, lo = same difference, the.* mismo tipo de = same range of.* no es lo mismo en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).* Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.* nosotros mismos = ourselves.* orientado hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.* percepción de uno mismo = self-perception.* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.* perseguir los mismos fines = work + on the same lines.* perseguir los mismos objetivos = work + on the same lines.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, itself, unto + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.* probar a hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.* que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).* que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].* reconocido por Uno mismo, admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguridad en uno mismo = self-belief.* seguro de sí mismo = assured, self-assured, poised.* seguro de uno mismo = self-confident.* ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.* ser lo mismo = be one and the same.* ser un fin en sí mismos = be ends in themselves.* siempre lo mismo = the same old thing.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.* tres goles en un mismo partido = hat trick.* una misma cosa = one and the same.* valerse de sí mismo = self-serve.* valérselas por uno mismo = negotiate + Posesivo + way, fly + solo.* valerse por sí mismo = self-serve.* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).* y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.* yo mismo = myself.* * *I- ma adjetivo1)a) (delante del n) ( expresando identidad) samehacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo — to do two things at once o at the same time
b) (como pron) same¿usted es Pedro Lecue? - el mismo — are you Pedro Lecue? - I am indeed o that's right
en las mismas: no ha llegado, así que seguimos en las mismas it hasn't arrived so we're no further on; si vienes tú pero falta él, estamos en las mismas — if you come but he doesn't turn up, then we're no better off
2) ( uso enfático)a) (refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas)eso mismo pienso yo — that's exactly o just what I think
b) ( refiriéndose a personas)te perjudicas a ti mismo — you're only spiting o hurting yourself
3)lo mismo — ( la misma cosa)
lo mismo para mí — the same for me, please
dar lo mismo: me da lo mismo si lo rompe I don't care if he breaks it; le da lo mismo con o sin azúcar he doesn't mind with or without sugar; da lo mismo quién lo haga — it doesn't matter o it makes no difference who does it
4)a) (fam) ( expresando posibilidad)te ve por la calle y lo mismo no te saluda — you can meet him in the street and sometimes he doesn't even say hello to you
¿pregúntaselo? lo mismo dice que sí — ask him, he might (well) o may (well) say yes
lo mismo puedes conseguir caramelos que una botella de whisky — you can get anything, from sweets to a bottle of whiskey
b) (RPl fam) ( de todos modos) just o all the same, anyway5)lo mismo que — ( al igual que)
nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras — our company, like so many others
6)a) (como pron) (frml)se detuvo un coche y tres individuos bajaron del mismo — a car pulled up and three individuals got out
b) (como pron relativo) (Méx frml)IIagradecemos su donativo, mismo que fue aplicado a la compra de medicamentos — we thank you for your donation, which has been used to buy medicines
aquí/ahora mismo — right here/now
* * *= identical, same, equal.Ex: The DISPLAY command is identical to the TYPE command except when using a format which includes only a few lines per record.
Ex: The command function 'SAVE' is used to save a search formulation for later use on the same or another data base on the same system.Ex: Collection development should ideally involve de-acquisitions as an on-going program of equal importance.* admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* ahora mismo = right now, just now.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* allí mismo = on the spot, there and then.* al mismo nivel de = flush with.* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.* al mismo tiempo = at once, at the same time, concurrently, in the process, simultaneously, at one and the same time, contemporaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, concomitantly, at the one time, all the while.* al mismo tiempo que = in parallel to/with, while, as the same time as, cum, in conjunction with.* al mismo tiempo que + Indicativo = whilst + Gerundio.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* apuntar a la misma conclusión = point to + the same conclusion.* aquí mismo = right here.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a usted mismo = thyself.* bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.* brillar por Uno mismo = shine on + Posesivo + own.* concepto de uno mismo = self-image.* conciencia de sí mismo = self-awareness.* conciencia de uno mismo = self-awareness.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* con el mismo = therewith.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.* confianza en uno mismo = self-belief.* conócete a ti mismo = know + thyself.* consciente de uno mismo = self-conscious.* cuestionario rellenado por uno mismo = self-administered questionnaire.* cuidado de uno mismo = self-caring, self-care.* definido por uno mismo = self-defined.* definir por uno mismo = self-define.* de la misma categoría que = in a class with.* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.* de la misma manera = by the same token.* de la misma manera (que) = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as).* del mismo calibre que = in a class with.* del mismo modo = exactly, in the same vein, by the same token.* del mismo modo que = as, in the form that, in the same way (as), in the same way that, just as, in the same manner (as), along the lines, after the fashion of, similar to, in common with.* del mismo + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.* del mismo sexo = same-sex.* del mismo tipo que las oficinas = office-type.* desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.* de una misma manera = in a similar fashion.* dirigido hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* dirigido por uno mismo = self-directed.* ella misma = herself.* él mismo = himself.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* encerrado en sí mismo = closeted.* en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).* en el mismo número de años = in as many years.* en el mismo orden que = in sync with.* en ese mismo instante = at that very moment.* en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.* en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.* en la misma época = contemporaneously.* en la misma habitación = ensuite.* en la misma línea de = in the vein of.* en la misma línea que = in line with.* en sí mismo = in itself, unto + Reflexivo, per se.* en sí mismos = in themselves.* escogido por uno mismo = self-chosen.* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* estar en la misma categoría que = rank with.* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.* evidente por sí mismo = self-evident.* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.* hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.* hacer del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.* hasta el mismo = right up to.* imagen de uno mismo = self-presentation.* intentar hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* más de lo mismo = more of the same.* mí mismo = myself.* mismo, lo = same difference, the.* mismo tipo de = same range of.* no es lo mismo en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).* Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.* nosotros mismos = ourselves.* orientado hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.* percepción de uno mismo = self-perception.* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.* perseguir los mismos fines = work + on the same lines.* perseguir los mismos objetivos = work + on the same lines.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, itself, unto + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.* probar a hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.* que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).* que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].* reconocido por Uno mismo, admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguridad en uno mismo = self-belief.* seguro de sí mismo = assured, self-assured, poised.* seguro de uno mismo = self-confident.* ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.* ser lo mismo = be one and the same.* ser un fin en sí mismos = be ends in themselves.* siempre lo mismo = the same old thing.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.* tres goles en un mismo partido = hat trick.* una misma cosa = one and the same.* valerse de sí mismo = self-serve.* valérselas por uno mismo = negotiate + Posesivo + way, fly + solo.* valerse por sí mismo = self-serve.* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).* y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.* yo mismo = myself.* * *A1 ( delante del n) (expresando identidad) sameno puedo hacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo I can't do two things at once o at the same timees la misma historia de siempre it's the same old storymismo … QUE:le gustan las mismas películas que a mí she likes the same movies as I do o as me2 ( como pron) sameRoma ya no es la misma Rome isn't the same any more¿mi hermana? siempre la misma, no escribe nunca my sister? just the same as ever o she hasn't changed, she never writes¿usted es Pedro Lecue? — el mismo are you Pedro Lecue? — I am indeed o that's right o ( hum) the very samemismo QUE:es el mismo que vimos ayer it's the same one we saw yesterdayen las mismas: el pedido no ha llegado, así que seguimos en las mismas the order hasn't arrived so we're no further onsi vienes el sábado pero faltas mañana, estamos en las mismas if you come on Saturday but you don't turn up tomorrow, then we're no better off o we're back to square one1(refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas): queda en el centro mismo or en el mismo centro de Lima it's right in the center of Lima, it's in the very center of Limaen este mismo instante lo estaba por hacer I was (just) about to do it this very minuteeso mismo pienso/digo yo that's exactly o just what I think/sayme resulta difícil — por eso mismo debes esforzarte más I find it difficult — that's just the reason o that's precisely o that's exactly why you have to make more of an effort2(referiéndose a personas): el obispo mismo salió a recibirlos the bishop himself came out to welcome themhablé con el mismísimo presidente I spoke to the president himselfeste niño es el mismísimo diablo this child is a real little devil! ( colloq)lo haré yo misma I'll do it myself, I'll deal with it personallyte perjudicas a ti mismo you're only spiting o hurting yourselfél mismo lo trajo he brought it himselftiene que aprender a valerse por sí mismo he has to learn to manage o cope by himselfse corta el pelo ella misma she cuts her own hairél mismo se pone las inyecciones he gives himself the injectionsC¿por qué llora? — por lo mismo de siempre why is she crying? — the same as usual o what does she ever cry about?si lo haces con aceite ya no es lo mismo if you make it with oil it's not quite the same (thing)un café y una tostada — lo mismo para mí a coffee and a slice of toast — the same for me, please o I'll have the same, please¡qué elegante te has venido! — lo mismo digo you're looking very smart! — so are you o you, too¡que lo pases bien! — lo mismo (te) digo have a good time — you too o I hope you do too o and youlo despidieron o, lo que es lo mismo le dijeron que ya no necesitaban sus servicios they fired him, or at least they told him his services were no longer required, which comes to the same thinglo mismo (…) QUE the same (…) ASno es lo mismo cocinar para dos que para una familia cooking for a family is quite different from o is not the same as cooking for twose murió de lo mismo que su padre he died of the same thing as his fatherpidió lo mismo que yo he ordered the same as medar lo mismo: si sigues así lo vas a romper — me da lo mismo if you carry on like that you'll break it — I don't care¿lo quieres con o sin leche? — me da lo mismo do you want it black or white? — I don't mind¿prefieres un cheque o dinero en efectivo? — me da lo mismo, con tal de que me paguen … would you prefer a check or cash? — I don't mind o it makes no difference (to me) o ( BrE) it makes no odds (to me), as long as I get paidda lo mismo quién lo haga it doesn't matter o it makes no difference who does itD1 ( fam)(expresando posibilidad): te ve por la calle y lo mismo no te saluda you can meet him in the street and he might not even say hello to you o and sometimes he doesn't even say hello to you¿por qué no le preguntas? lo mismo dice que sí why don't you ask him? he might (well) o may (well) say yeslo mismo (…) QUE:¿cuántos años crees que tiene? — lo mismo puede tener cuarenta que cincuenta how old do you think he is? — he could just as easily be forty as fifty o he could be anything from forty to fiftylo mismo puedes conseguir un destornillador que una botella de whisky you can get anything, from a screwdriver to a bottle of whiskeyya sé que se va a enojar pero lo mismo se lo voy a decir I know he's going to get annoyed but I'm going to tell him just the same o all the same o anywayyo le dije que no había sido yo pero me pegó lo mismo I told her it wasn't me but she still hit me o she hit me anywayElo mismo que (al igual que): nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras, se ha visto afectada por la crisis our company, like so many others, has been affected by the crisissi lo mismo que decidiste ir en tren hubieras ido en avión, no habrías contado el cuento if you'd decided to go by plane instead of by train, you wouldn't be here to tell the taleFse detuvo un coche y tres individuos bajaron del mismo a car pulled up and three individuals got out2 ( como pron relativo)( Méx frml): agradecemos su generoso donativo, mismo que fue aplicado a la compra de medicamentos we thank you for your generous donation, which has been used to buy medicinesveintidós millones de estudiantes reanudarán sus clases, mismos que serán atendidos por unos 900 mil maestros twenty-two million students will resume classes, to be taught by some 900 thousand teachersA(uso enfático): aquí mismo podemos comer we can eat right herehoy mismo te mando el cheque I'll send you the check todaymañana mismo nos podemos ver we can see each other tomorrow¿cómo puede ser? si ayer mismo hablé con él y estaba de acuerdo how do you mean? I spoke to him only yesterday and he agreedquiero que lo hagas ahora mismo I want you to do it right o ( BrE) straightaway, I want you to do it right nowse visten muy bien, mismo con la crisis they dress very well, even in these times of shortageresultó muy difícil, mismo para él que tiene mucha experiencia it was very difficult, even for him with all his experience* * *
mismo 1◊ -ma adjetivo
1
◊ hacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo to do two things at once o at the same time
el mismo que vimos ayer the same one we saw yesterday
2 ( uso enfático)a) (refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas):
en este mismo instante this very minute;
eso mismo pienso yo that's exactly what I thinkb) ( refiriéndose a personas):
te perjudicas a ti mismo you're only hurting yourself;
ella misma lo trajo she brought it herself
3◊ lo mismo: siempre dice lo mismo he always says the same thing;
lo mismo para mí the same for me, please;
nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras our company, like so many others;
los niños pueden ir lo mismo que los adultos children can go as well as adults;
o lo que es lo mismo in other words;
da lo mismo it doesn't matter;
me/le da lo mismo I don't care/he/she doesn't care
mismo 2 adverbio ( uso enfático):◊ aquí/ahora mismo right here/now;
hoy mismo te mando el cheque I'll send you the check today;
ayer mismo hablé con él I spoke to him only yesterday
mismo,-a
I adjetivo
1 same
el mismo acento, the same accent
2 (uso enfático) el rey mismo apareció en el umbral, the king himself appeared on the threshold
II pron same: comemos siempre lo mismo, we always eat the same thing
me da lo mismo, it makes no difference to me
es el mismo árbol, it's the same tree
por uno o sí mismo, by oneself
III adverbio
1 (intensificador) murió allí mismo, he died right there
ahora mismo, right now
2 (por ejemplo) for instance: Pedro mismo te ayudará, Pedro will help you, for instance
(incluso) yo mismo estoy de acuerdo, even I agree 3 así mismo, likewise
' mismo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- actualmente
- ahora
- allí
- aquí
- aunar
- ayudarse
- balancearse
- bar
- barco
- batalla
- coincidir
- cojear
- confianza
- conforme
- congénere
- conmigo
- consigo
- contigo
- continuismo
- costearse
- decirse
- doblete
- dominio
- dueña
- dueño
- encerrarse
- encogerse
- enfoque
- enviudar
- esperar
- igual
- igualmente
- intentar
- machacar
- meter
- misma
- mismamente
- parecerse
- presentarse
- rasero
- replegarse
- ruin
- saber
- saco
- satisfecha
- satisfecho
- se
- sí
English:
alike
- assurance
- autograph
- boat
- central
- charity
- chase
- close
- complacent
- concurrently
- currently
- dare
- day
- diffidence
- directly
- ditto
- do-it-yourself
- end
- equal
- exam
- fabric
- fly
- follow
- fuck
- fund
- himself
- itself
- just
- lay
- level
- likewise
- maybe
- middle
- millionaire
- myself
- need
- neither
- now
- number one
- odds
- one
- oneself
- only
- outdo
- overconfident
- pace
- par
- presently
- price
- proper
* * *mismo, -a♦ adj1. [igual, idéntico] same;son del mismo pueblo they're from the same town/village;vive en la misma calle que yo she lives in the same street as me, she lives in my street;del mismo color/tipo que the same colour/type asen aquel mismo momento at that very moment;delante de sus mismas narices right in front of his nose;eso mismo digo yo that's exactly what I say;y por eso mismo deberíamos ayudarles and that is precisely why we should help them¿lo hiciste tú mismo? did you do it (by) yourself?;él mismo se construyó la casa he built his house (by) himself, he built his own house;me dije a mí mismo… I said to myself…;por mí/ti mismo by myself/yourself;Fam¡tú mismo! it's up to you!, suit yourself!♦ pron1. [igual cosa o persona]el mismo/la misma the same;el pueblo ya no era el mismo the town was no longer the same;la misma del otro día the same one as the other day;el mismo que vi ayer the same one I saw yesterday;Fam¿ése es el presidente? – sí, el mismo (que viste y calza) is that the president? – yes, the very same o yes, that's him all right;Méxenviamos un paquete a su oficina, mismo que no ha llegado a destino we sent a package to his office which didn't arrive o but it didn't arrive;estar en las mismas to be no further forward2.lo mismo [igual cosa, iguales cosas] the same (thing);¡qué aburrimiento, todos los días lo mismo! how boring, it's the same every day!;pónganos otra de lo mismo (the) same again, please;Famlo mismo se pone a hablar contigo que no te saluda one day he might start chatting to you and the next he won't even say hello;lo mismo que the same as;me gusta lo mismo que a él I like the same things as him;yo tengo mis manías, lo mismo que todo el mundo I've got my idiosyncrasies just like everyone else;lloraba lo mismo que un niño she was crying like a child;me da lo mismo it's all the same to me, I don't mind o care;¿vamos o nos quedamos? – da lo mismo should we go or should we stay? – it doesn't make any difference;me da lo mismo I don't care;lo mismo digo [como respuesta] likewise, you too;más de lo mismo more of the same;o lo que es lo mismo [en otras palabras] or in other words;por lo mismo for that (very) reason3. [tal vez]lo mismo llegamos y ya no hay entradas it's quite possible that we might arrive there and find there are no tickets left;lo mismo está enfermo maybe o perhaps he's ill, he may be ill;lo mismo te saluda que te ignora por completo he's just as likely to say hello to you as to ignore you completely4. [antes mencionado]hay una cripta y un túnel para acceder a la misma there is a crypt and a tunnel leading to itle dije que se callara y lo mismo siguió hablando I told him to be quiet but he still carried on talking o he carried on talking all the same;está nevando pero lo mismo el avión va a salir it's snowing but the plane is still going to take off♦ advahora/aquí mismo right now/here;ayer mismo only yesterday;salimos hoy mismo we are leaving this very day;llegarán mañana mismo they'll be arriving tomorrow, actually;tiene que estar listo para mañana mismo it absolutely has to be ready by tomorrow;por eso mismo precisely for that reason2. [por ejemplo]escoge uno cualquiera, este mismo choose any one, this one, for instance;¿y ahora quién me arregla a mí esto? – yo mismo who's going to fix this for me now? – I will o I'll do it (myself)* * *I adj same;el mismo the (self)same;lo mismo the same;lo mismo que the same as;yo mismo I myself;da lo mismo it doesn’t matter, it’s all the same;me da lo mismo I don’t care, it’s all the same to me;el mismo rey the king himselfII adv:aquí mismo right here;ahí mismo right there;ahora mismo right now, this very minute;hoy mismo today, this very day;lo mismo llueve que hace sol you never know whether it’s going to be rainy or sunny* * *hazlo ahora mismo: do it right nowte llamará hoy mismo: he'll definitely call you todaymismo, -ma adj1) : sameen ese mismo momento: at that very moment3) : oneselflo hizo ella misma: she made it herself4)por lo mismo : for that reason* * *mismo1 adj1. (igual) same2. (uso enfático) myself, yourself, etcmismo2 advmismo3 pron same person -
4 acontecimiento
m.event.esto es todo un acontecimiento this is quite an event o occasion!adelantarse a los acontecimientos to jump the gun; (precipitarse) to take preemptive measures (prevenir)* * *1 event, happening* * *noun m.* * *SM event* * *masculino eventadelantarse or anticiparse a los acontecimientos — to jump the gun
* * *= event, move, scene, happening, occasion.Ex. The concept of corporate body includes named occasional groups and events, such as meetings, conferences, congresses, expeditions, exhibitions, festivals, and fairs.Ex. This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.Ex. Scenes that include conflict, emotions, prejudices, misunderstandings, and unreasonableness but also kindliness, humor, friendliness, and goodwill are acted out daily in different kinds of libraries.Ex. These cases are drawn from actual happenings.Ex. Children must be involved in important school occasions like school play performances, orchestral and choir concerts.----* acontecimiento deportivo = sporting event, sport event.* acontecimiento especial = festive occasion.* acontecimiento futuro = futuristic.* acontecimiento histórico = historical event.* acontecimiento importante = milestone, red carpet event.* acontecimiento próximo = coming event.* acontecimientos + desarrollarse = events + unfold.* acontecimientos locales = local events.* acontecimiento social = community event, social event, social.* acontecimiento + tener lugar = occurrence + take place.* adelantarse a los acontecimientos = ahead of the curve, jump + the gun.* celebrar un acontecimiento = hold + event.* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.* durante el transcurso de los acontecimientos = in the course of events, during the course of events.* en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* lleno de acontecimientos = eventful, event-filled.* los acontecimientos = the rush of events, the course of events.* sin acontecimientos que destacar = uneventful.* * *masculino eventadelantarse or anticiparse a los acontecimientos — to jump the gun
* * *= event, move, scene, happening, occasion.Ex: The concept of corporate body includes named occasional groups and events, such as meetings, conferences, congresses, expeditions, exhibitions, festivals, and fairs.
Ex: This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.Ex: Scenes that include conflict, emotions, prejudices, misunderstandings, and unreasonableness but also kindliness, humor, friendliness, and goodwill are acted out daily in different kinds of libraries.Ex: These cases are drawn from actual happenings.Ex: Children must be involved in important school occasions like school play performances, orchestral and choir concerts.* acontecimiento deportivo = sporting event, sport event.* acontecimiento especial = festive occasion.* acontecimiento futuro = futuristic.* acontecimiento histórico = historical event.* acontecimiento importante = milestone, red carpet event.* acontecimiento próximo = coming event.* acontecimientos + desarrollarse = events + unfold.* acontecimientos locales = local events.* acontecimiento social = community event, social event, social.* acontecimiento + tener lugar = occurrence + take place.* adelantarse a los acontecimientos = ahead of the curve, jump + the gun.* celebrar un acontecimiento = hold + event.* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.* durante el transcurso de los acontecimientos = in the course of events, during the course of events.* en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* lleno de acontecimientos = eventful, event-filled.* los acontecimientos = the rush of events, the course of events.* sin acontecimientos que destacar = uneventful.* * *eventdieron una fiesta para celebrar el acontecimiento they gave a party to celebrate the occasion o eventfue todo un acontecimiento it was quite an eventno te adelantes or anticipes a los acontecimientos don't get ahead of yourself* * *
acontecimiento sustantivo masculino
event;
acontecimiento sustantivo masculino event
' acontecimiento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
afortunada
- afortunado
- conmemorativa
- conmemorativo
- contingente
- desenvolverse
- fastuosa
- fastuoso
- hecha
- hecho
- llegar
- precipitar
- saludar
- sangrienta
- sangriento
- sede
- señalada
- señalado
- solemne
- aguardar
- esperado
- esperar
- importante
- inflar
- prever
- reciente
- suceso
- transcurrir
English:
affair
- event
- extraordinary
- forthcoming
- happening
- happy
- highlight
- homecoming
- intervene
- merciful
- momentous
- occasion
- occurrence
- oncoming
- one-off
- pass off
- regular
- see
- sequel
- sickening
- turn-up
- unfortunate
- unpredictable
- wreck
- development
* * *event;esto es todo un acontecimiento this is quite an event!;adelantarse a los acontecimientos [precipitarse] to jump the gun;[prevenir] to take pre-emptive measures* * *m event* * *suceso: event* * *acontecimiento n event -
5 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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