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  • 21 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 22 podría

    * * *
    = might.
    Ex. Added entries are made under any headings that 'some catalogue users might suppose that the description of an item would be found under rather than under the heading or title chosen for the main entry'.
    * * *
    * * *

    Ex: Added entries are made under any headings that 'some catalogue users might suppose that the description of an item would be found under rather than under the heading or title chosen for the main entry'.

    * * *
    podría, etc
    poder1 (↑ poder (1))
    * * *

    Del verbo poder: ( conjugate poder)

    podría es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) condicional indicativo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) condicional indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    poder    
    podría
    poder 1 ( conjugate poder) v aux
    1 ( tener la capacidad o posibilidad de):

    no puedo pagar tanto I can't pay that much;
    no podía dormir I couldn't sleep;
    no va a podría venir he won't be able to come;
    no pudo asistir he was unable to o he couldn't attend;
    ¿pudiste hacerlo sola? were you able to do it on your own?
    2

    ◊ ¿puedo servirme otro? can o may I have another one?;

    ¿podría irme más temprano hoy? could I leave earlier today?;
    puedes hacer lo que quieras you can do whatever you like;
    no puede comer sal he isn't allowed to eat salt;
    ¿se puede? — ¡adelante! may I? — come in;
    aquí no se puede fumar smoking is not allowed here

    ◊ ¿puedes bajar un momento? can you come down for a moment?;

    ¿podrías hacerme un favor? could you do me a favor?
    3 ( expresando derecho moral):

    4 (en quejas, reproches): podías or podrías haberme avisado you could o might have warned me!
    ( con idea de esfuerzo)
    1 podría con algo/algn:
    ◊ ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?;

    no puedo con este niño I can't cope with this child;
    estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted;

    ( lleno) I can't eat anything else;

    2 (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad): te podrías or podías haber matado you could have killed yourself!;

    podría volver a ocurrir it could happen again;
    no pudo ser it wasn't possible;
    puede (ser) que tengas razón you may o could be right;
    puede que sí, puede que no maybe, maybe not
    3 (Méx) ( doler):

    poder 2 sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (control, influencia) power;


    estamos en su podría we are in her power
    b) (Pol)


    estar en el podría to be in power;
    tomar el podría to take o seize power
    2 ( posesión):
    ◊ la carta está en podría de … the letter is in the hands of …

    3
    a) (derecho, atribución) power;



    ( hecho ante notario) power of attorney;
    casarse por podría (AmL) or (Esp) por podríaes to get married by proxy
    4
    a) (capacidad, facultad) power;


    podría adquisitivo purchasing power
    b) (de motor, aparato) power

    podría,
    ◊ etc see poder 1

    poder 1 sustantivo masculino power
    Jur por poderes, by proxy
    Econ poder adquisitivo, purchasing power
    poder 2
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (tener capacidad) to be able to, can: no puedo evitarlo, I can't help it
    podías habernos avisado, you could/ might have warned us
    2 (tener derecho o autorización) may, might, can
    ¿puedo repetir?, may I have a second helping?
    no puede tomar carne de cerdo, he can't eat pork
    las mujeres ya pueden votar, women can already vote
    3 (uso impers) may, might: puede que la vea luego, I might see her later
    puede que sí, puede que no, maybe, maybe not
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to cope [con, with]: no puedo con todo, I can't cope
    2 (vencer, tener más fuerza) to be stronger than
    En el presente, can y to be able to son sinónimos. Sin embargo, en el pasado could significa que podías hacer algo, mientras que was o were able to significa que, además de poder hacerlo, lo hiciste: I could tell him the truth. Podía decirle la verdad (no sabemos si lo hice). I was able to tell him the truth. Fui capaz de decirle la verdad (lo hice). En el futuro solo podemos emplear to be able to: I will be able to do it tomorrow. Podré hacerlo mañana.
    Para expresar posibilidad puedes usar may, could o might. La diferencia consiste en el grado de probabilidad que sugieren. Recuerda que may se refiere a hechos más probables que might o could: Puede que llueva mañana. It may rain tomorrow (crees que es posible). It might/ could rain tomorrow (crees que la posibilidad es más remota).

    ' podría' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    anticipar
    - aparte
    - conceder
    - indicar
    - poder
    English:
    afraid
    - any
    - anybody
    - arguably
    - Armageddon
    - bored
    - con
    - deteriorate
    - direct
    - entail
    - fuck
    - hand
    - hand up
    - name
    - one
    - penalty
    - room
    - save
    - slice
    - turn on
    - well
    - wholeheartedly
    - anything
    - awkward
    - could
    - difference
    - face
    - fire
    - mercy
    - might
    - push
    - result
    - show
    - still
    - swear
    - tell
    - way
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > podría

  • 23 go

    [gəʊ, Am goʊ] vi <goes, went, gone>
    1)
    ( proceed) gehen; vehicle, train fahren; plane fliegen;
    don't \go any closer - that animal is dangerous geh' nicht näher ran - das Tier ist gefährlich;
    the bus \goes from Vaihingen to Sillenbuch der Bus verkehrt zwischen Vaihingen und Sillenbuch;
    a shiver went down my spine mir fuhr ein Schauer über den Rücken;
    you \go first! geh du zuerst!;
    you \go next du bist als Nächste(r) dran!;
    hey, I \go now he, jetzt bin ich dran! ( fam)
    the doll \goes everywhere with him die Puppe nimmt er überallhin mit;
    drive to the end of the road, \go left, and... fahren Sie die Straße bis zum Ende entlang, biegen Sie dann links ab und...;
    \go south till you get to the coast halte dich südlich, bis du zur Küste kommst;
    we have a long way to \go wir haben noch einen weiten Weg vor uns;
    we've completed all of our goals - where do we \go from here? wir haben all unsere Ziele erreicht - wie geht es jetzt weiter?;
    the train hooted as it went into the tunnel der Zug pfiff, als er in den Tunnel einfuhr;
    who \goes there? wer da?;
    \go fetch it! hol'!;
    to \go towards sb/ sth auf jdn/etw zugehen;
    to \go home nach Hause gehen;
    to \go to hospital/ a party/ prison/ the toilet ins Krankenhaus/auf eine Party/ins Gefängnis/auf die Toilette gehen;
    to \go across to the pub rüber in die Kneipe gehen ( fam)
    to \go to sea zur See gehen ( fam)
    to \go across the street über die Straße gehen;
    to \go aboard/ ashore an Bord/Land gehen;
    to \go below nach unten gehen;
    to \go below deck unter Deck gehen;
    to \go downhill (a. fig) bergab gehen;
    to have it far to \go es weit haben;
    to \go offstage [von der Bühne] abgehen;
    to \go round sich akk drehen
    2) (in order to [get])
    could you \go into the kitchen and get me something to drink, please? könntest du bitte in die Küche gehen und mir was zu trinken holen?;
    would you \go and get me some things from the supermarket? würdest du mir ein paar Sachen vom Supermarkt mitbringen?;
    I just want to \go and have a look at that antique shop over there ich möchte nur schnell einen Blick in das Antiquitätengeschäft da drüben werfen;
    would you wait for me while I \go and fetch my coat? wartest du kurz auf mich, während ich meinen Mantel hole?;
    I'll just \go and put my shoes on ich ziehe mir nur schnell die Schuhe an;
    \go and wash your hands geh und wasch deine Hände;
    she's gone to meet Brian at the station sie ist Brian vom Bahnhof abholen gegangen;
    to \go and get some fresh air frische Luft schnappen gehen;
    to \go to see sb jdn aufsuchen
    3) ( travel) reisen;
    have you ever gone to Africa before? warst du schon einmal in Afrika?;
    to \go by bike/ car/ coach/ train mit dem Fahrrad/Auto/Bus/Zug fahren;
    to \go on a cruise eine Kreuzfahrt machen;
    to \go on [a] holiday in Urlaub gehen;
    to \go to Italy nach Italien fahren;
    last year I went to Spain letztes Jahr war ich in Spanien;
    to \go on a journey verreisen, eine Reise machen;
    to \go by plane fliegen;
    to \go on a trip eine Reise machen;
    to \go abroad ins Ausland gehen
    4) ( disappear) stain, keys verschwinden;
    where have my keys gone? wo sind meine Schlüssel hin?;
    ah, my tummy ache is gone! ah, meine Bauchschmerzen sind weg!;
    I really don't know where all my money \goes ich weiß auch nicht, wo mein ganzes Geld hinverschwindet!;
    half of my salary \goes on rent die Hälfte meines Gehaltes geht für die Miete drauf;
    gone are the days when... vorbei sind die Zeiten, wo...;
    here \goes my free weekend... das war's dann mit meinem freien Wochenende...;
    all his money \goes on his car er steckt sein ganzes Geld in sein Auto;
    there \goes another one! und wieder eine/einer weniger!;
    hundreds of jobs will \go das wird Hunderte von Arbeitsplätzen kosten;
    the president will have to \go der Präsident wird seinen Hut nehmen müssen;
    that cat will have to \go die Katze muss verschwinden!;
    all hope has gone jegliche Hoffnung ist geschwunden;
    to \go adrift naut abtreiben, wegtreiben; ( fig) gestohlen werden;
    one of my books has gone adrift from my desk eines meiner Bücher ist von meinem Schreibtisch verschwunden;
    to \go missing (Brit, Aus) verschwinden
    5) ( leave) gehen;
    we have to \go now [or it's time to \go] wir müssen jetzt gehen;
    I must be \going ich muss jetzt allmählich gehen;
    has she gone yet? ist sie noch da?;
    the bus has gone der Bus ist schon weg (old);
    be gone! hinweg mit dir veraltet;
    to let sth/sb \go, to let \go of sth/sb etw/jdn loslassen
    6) (do)
    to \go biking/ jogging/ shopping/swimming etc. Rad fahren/joggen/einkaufen/schwimmen etc. gehen;
    to \go looking for sb/ sth jdn/etw suchen gehen;
    if you \go telling all my secrets,... wenn du hergehst und alle meine Geheimnisse ausplauderst,...;
    don't you dare \go crying to your mum about this untersteh dich, deswegen heulend zu deiner Mama zu laufen
    7) ( attend)
    to \go to church/ a concert in die Kirche/ins Konzert gehen;
    to \go to the cinema [or (Am) a movie] [or ( Brit) ( fam) the pictures] ins Kino gehen;
    to \go to the doctor zum Arzt gehen;
    to \go to kindergarten/ school/ university in den Kindergarten/in die Schule/auf die Universität gehen;
    to \go on a pilgrimage auf Pilgerfahrt gehen
    8) ( answer)
    I'll \go ( phone) ich geh' ran;
    ( door) ich mach' auf
    9) (dress [up])
    to \go as sth witch, pirate als etw gehen;
    what shall I \go in? als was soll ich gehen?
    10) + adj ( become) werden;
    the line has gone dead die Leitung ist tot;
    the milk's gone sour die Milch ist sauer;
    the tyre has gone flat der Reifen ist platt;
    my mind suddenly went blank ich hatte plötzlich wie ein Brett vorm Kopf (sl)
    I always \go red when I'm embarrassed ich werde immer rot, wenn mir etwas peinlich ist;
    he described the new regulations as bureaucracy gone mad er bezeichnete die neuen Bestimmungen als Ausgeburt einer wild gewordenen Bürokratie;
    I went cold mir wurde kalt;
    she's gone Communist sie ist jetzt Kommunistin;
    he's gone all environmental er macht jetzt voll auf Öko ( fam)
    to \go bad food schlecht werden;
    to \go bald/ grey kahl/grau werden;
    to \go bankrupt bankrottgehen;
    to \go haywire ( out of control) außer Kontrolle geraten;
    ( malfunction) verrückt spielen ( fam)
    to \go public an die Öffentlichkeit treten; stockex an die Börse gehen;
    to \go to sleep einschlafen
    11) + adj (be) sein;
    to \go hungry hungern;
    to \go thirsty dursten;
    to \go unmentioned/ unnoticed/ unsolved unerwähnt/unbemerkt/ungelöst bleiben
    12) ( turn out) gehen;
    how did your party \go? und, wie war deine Party?;
    how's your thesis \going? was macht deine Doktorarbeit?;
    how are things \going? und, wie läuft's? ( fam)
    if everything \goes well... wenn alles gut geht...;
    things have gone well es ist gut gelaufen;
    the way things \go wie das halt so geht;
    the way things are \going at the moment... so wie es im Moment aussieht...;
    to \go like a bomb ein Bombenerfolg sein ( fam)
    to \go according to plan nach Plan laufen;
    to \go from bad to worse vom Regen in die Traufe kommen;
    to \go against/ for sb election zu jds Ungunsten pl /Gunsten pl ausgehen;
    to \go wrong schiefgehen ( fam), schieflaufen ( fam)
    13) ( pass) vergehen, verstreichen;
    time seems to \go faster as you get older die Zeit scheint schneller zu vergehen, wenn man älter wird;
    only two days to \go... nur noch zwei Tage...;
    one week to \go till Christmas noch eine Woche bis Weihnachten;
    in days gone by in längst vergangenen Zeiten;
    two exams down, one to \go zwei Prüfungen sind schon geschafft, jetzt noch eine, dann ist es geschafft!;
    I've three years to \go before I can retire mir fehlen noch drei Jahre bis zur Rente!
    14) ( begin) anfangen;
    ready to \go? bist du bereit?;
    one, two, three, \go! eins, zwei, drei, los!;
    we really must get \going with these proposals wir müssen uns jetzt echt an diese Konzepte setzen;
    let's \go! los!;
    here \goes! jetzt geht's los!
    15) ( fail) kaputtgehen; hearing, health, memory nachlassen; rope reißen;
    our computer is \going unser Computer gibt seinen Geist auf ( hum) ( fam)
    my jeans is gone at the knees meine Jeans ist an den Knien durchgescheuert;
    her mind is \going sie baut geistig ganz schön ab! ( fam)
    16) ( die) sterben;
    she went peacefully in her sleep sie starb friedlich im Schlaf
    17) ( belong) hingehören;
    I'll put it away if you tell me where it \goes ich räum's weg, wenn du mir sagst, wo es hingehört;
    the silverware \goes in the drawer over there das Silber kommt in die Schublade da drüben;
    those tools \go in the garage diese Werkzeuge gehören in die Garage;
    that is to \go into my account das kommt auf mein Konto;
    where do you want that to \go? wo soll das hin?;
    that \goes under a different chapter das gehört in ein anderes Kapitel
    to \go to sb prize, house an jdn gehen; property auf jdn übergehen ( geh)
    Manchester went to Labour Manchester ging an Labour
    19) ( lead) road führen;
    where does this trail \go? wohin führt dieser Pfad?
    20) ( extend) gehen;
    the meadow \goes all the way down to the road die Weide erstreckt sich bis hinunter zur Straße;
    your idea is good enough, as far as it \goes... deine Idee ist so weit ganz gut,...;
    the numbers on the paper \go from 1 to 10 die Nummern auf dem Blatt gehen von 1 bis 10
    21) ( in auction) gehen;
    I'll \go as high as £200 ich gehe bis zu 200 Pfund
    22) ( function) watch gehen; machine laufen;
    our business has been \going for twenty years unser Geschäft läuft seit zwanzig Jahren;
    I'm not saying anything as long as the tape recorder is \going ich sage gar nichts, solange das Tonbandgerät läuft;
    to \go slow econ einen Bummelstreik machen; watch nachgehen;
    to get sth \going [or to \go] [or to make sth \go] etw in Gang bringen;
    to get a party \going eine Party in Fahrt bringen;
    to get [or set] sb \going jdn in Fahrt bringen;
    to keep \going person weitermachen; car weiterfahren;
    come on! keep \going! ja, weiter! ( fam)
    to keep sth \going etw in Gang halten; factory in Betrieb halten;
    to keep a conversation \going eine Unterhaltung am Laufen halten;
    to keep a fire \going ein Feuer am Brennen halten;
    that thought kept me \going dieser Gedanke ließ mich durchhalten;
    here's some food to keep you \going hier hast du erst mal was zu essen
    23) ( have recourse) gehen;
    to \go to court over sth wegen einer S. gen vor Gericht gehen;
    to \go to the police zur Polizei gehen;
    to \go to war in den Krieg ziehen
    24) (match, be in accordance)
    to \go [with sth] [zu etw dat] passen;
    these two colours don't \go diese beiden Farben beißen sich;
    to \go against logic unlogisch sein;
    to \go against one's principles gegen jds Prinzipien pl verstoßen
    25) ( fit)
    five \goes into ten two times [or five into ten \goes twice] fünf geht zweimal in zehn;
    do you think all these things will \go into our little suitcase? glaubst du, das ganze Zeug wird in unseren kleinen Koffer passen? ( fam)
    26) ( be sold) weggehen ( fam)
    \going, \going, gone! zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, [und] zum Dritten!;
    pocketbooks are \going for $10 for the next two days in den nächsten zwei Tagen sind die Taschenbücher für 10 Dollar zu haben;
    to \go to sb an jdn gehen;
    to \go like hot cakes weggehen wie warme Semmeln ( fam)
    to be \going cheap billig zu haben sein
    27) (serve, contribute)
    to \go [to sth] [zu etw dat] beitragen;
    the money will \go to the victims of the earthquake das Geld ist für die Erdbebenopfer bestimmt;
    this will \go towards your holiday das [Geld] ist für deinen Urlaub bestimmt;
    your daughter's attitude only \goes to prove how much... die Einstellung deiner Tochter zeigt einmal mehr, wie sehr...
    28) ( move) machen;
    when I \go like this, my hand hurts wenn ich so mache, tut meine Hand weh;
    \go like this with your hand to show that... mach so mit deiner Hand, um zu zeigen, dass...
    29) ( sound) machen;
    I think I heard the doorbell \go just now ich glaube, es hat gerade geklingelt;
    there \goes the bell es klingelt;
    ducks \go ‘quack’ Enten machen „quack“;
    with sirens \going ambulance mit heulender Sirene
    anything \goes alles ist erlaubt;
    that \goes for all of you das gilt für euch alle!
    31) (be told, sung) gehen; title, theory lauten;
    I can never remember how that song \goes ich weiß nie, wie dieses Lied geht;
    the story \goes that... es heißt, dass...;
    the rumour \goes that... es geht das Gerücht, dass...
    as hospitals/things \go verglichen mit anderen Krankenhäusern/Dingen;
    as things \go today it wasn't that expensive für heutige Verhältnisse war es gar nicht so teuer
    I really have to \go ich muss ganz dringend mal! ( fam)
    I've gone and lost my earring ich habe meinen Ohrring verloren;
    you've really gone and done it now! jetzt hast du aber was Schönes angerichtet! ( iron) (pej!)
    \go to hell! geh [o scher dich] zum Teufel! ( fam)
    do you want that pizza here or to \go? möchten Sie die Pizza hier essen oder mitnehmen?;
    (Am)
    I'd like a cheeseburger to \go, please ich hätte gerne einen Cheeseburger zum Mitnehmen
    is there any beer \going? gibt es Bier?;
    I'll have whatever is \going ich nehme das, was gerade da ist
    37) (fam: treat)
    to \go easy on sb jdn schonend behandeln, jdn glimpflich davonkommen lassen
    PHRASES:
    to \go halves on sth sich dat etw je zur Hälfte teilen;
    \go [and] take a running jump! mach bloß, dass du abhaust! ( fam)
    to \go all out to do sth alles daransetzen, etw zu tun;
    to \go Dutch getrennt zahlen;
    easy come, easy \go (\go) wie gewonnen, so zerronnen ( prov)
    \go [and] get stuffed! ( fam) du kannst mich mal! ( fam)
    here we \go again ( fam) jetzt geht das wieder los! ( fam)
    there you \go bitte schön!;
    ( told you so) sag ich's doch! ( fam)
    there he \goes again ( fam) jetzt fängt er schon wieder damit an! ( fam)
    don't \go there ( fam) lass dich nicht darauf ein;
    that \goes without saying das versteht sich von selbst aux vb future tense
    to be \going to do sth etw tun werden;
    we are \going to have a party tomorrow wir geben morgen eine Party;
    he was \going to phone me this morning er wollte mich heute Morgen anrufen;
    isn't she \going to accept the job after all? nimmt sie den Job nun doch nicht an? vt <goes, went, gone>
    1) ( esp Am) ( travel)
    to \go sth a route, a highway etw nehmen
    2) (fam: say)
    to \go sth;
    she \goes to me: I never want to see you again! sie sagt zu mir: ich will dich nie wieder sehen!
    to \go sth etw reizen;
    to \go nap die höchste Zahl von Stichen ansagen
    4) ( Brit) ( like)
    to not \go much on sth sich dat nicht viel aus etw dat machen
    5) ( become)
    to \go sth;
    my mind went a complete blank ich hatte voll ein Brett vorm Kopf! ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    to \go nap alles auf eine Karte setzen;
    to \go a long way lange [vor]halten;
    sb will \go a long way jd wird es weit bringen;
    to \go it alone etw im Alleingang tun;
    to \go it some es laufen lassen ( fam)
    to \go it ( fam) es toll treiben ( fam) ( move quickly) ein tolles Tempo drauf haben;
    ( work hard) sich akk reinknien n
    pl - es>
    1) ( turn)
    I'll have a \go at driving if you're tired ich kann dich mit dem Fahren ablösen, wenn du müde bist ( fam)
    you've had your \go already! du warst schon dran!;
    hey, it's Ken's \go now he, jetzt ist Ken dran;
    can I have a \go? darf ich mal?;
    to miss one \go einmal aussetzen;
    ( not voluntarily) einmal übersprungen werden
    2) ( attempt) Versuch m;
    have a \go! versuch' es doch einfach mal! ( fam)
    at one \go auf einen Schlag;
    ( drink) in einem Zug ( fam)
    all in one \go alle[s] auf einmal;
    at the first \go auf Anhieb;
    to give sth a \go etw versuchen;
    to have a \go at sb ( criticize) jdn runtermachen ( fam) ( attack) über jdn herfallen;
    his boss had a \go at him about his appearance sein Chef hat sich ihn wegen seines Äußeren vorgeknöpft ( fam)
    members of the public are strongly advised not to have a \go at this man die Öffentlichkeit wird eindringlich davor gewarnt, etwas gegen diesen Mann zu unternehmen;
    to have a \go at doing sth versuchen, etw zu tun;
    to have several \goes at sth für etw akk mehrere Anläufe nehmen
    3) no pl ( energy) Antrieb m, Elan m;
    to be full of \go voller Elan sein
    4) ( esp Brit) (fam: dose) Anfall m;
    she had such a bad \go of the flu that she took a week off from work sie hatte so eine schlimme Grippe, dass sie sich eine Woche freinahm
    it's all \go here hier ist immer was los ( fam)
    it's all \go and no relaxing on those bus tours auf diesen Busfahrten wird nur gehetzt und man kommt nie zum Ausruhen ( fam)
    I've got two projects on the \go at the moment ich habe momentan zwei Projekte gleichzeitig laufen;
    to be on the \go [ständig] auf Trab sein;
    I've been on the \go all day long ich war den ganzen Tag auf Achse ( fam)
    to keep sb on the \go jdn auf Trab halten ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    from the word \go von Anfang an;
    to be all the \go ( Brit) (dated) ( fam) der letzte Schrei sein;
    that was a near \go das war knapp;
    to make a \go of sth mit etw dat Erfolg haben;
    she's making a \go of her new antique shop ihr neues Antiquitätengeschäft ist ein voller Erfolg ( fam)
    to be touch and \go auf der Kippe stehen ( fam)
    it's no \go da ist nichts zu machen adj
    pred, inv [start]klar, in Ordnung;
    all systems [are] \go alles klar;
    all systems \go, take-off in t minus 10 alle Systeme zeigen grün, Start in t minus 10

    English-German students dictionary > go

  • 24 hold

    hold [həʊld]
    tenir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (f), 1B (a), 1B (b), 1D (b), 1D (d), 2 (d) avoir ⇒ 1A (c) retenir ⇒ 1A (e), 1C (b) contenir ⇒ 1A (f) exercer ⇒ 1A (g) réserver ⇒ 1A (e), 1A (h) conserver ⇒ 1A (i) stocker ⇒ 1A (i) maintenir ⇒ 1B (a) détenir ⇒ 1A (i), 1C (a) croire ⇒ 1D (a) continuer ⇒ 1D (e) se tenir ⇒ 2 (a) tenir bon ⇒ 2 (b) durer ⇒ 2 (c) attendre ⇒ 2 (f) prise ⇒ 3D (a)-(c) en attente ⇒ 4D
    (pt & pp held [held])
    A.
    (a) (clasp, grasp) tenir;
    ∎ to hold sth in one's hand (book, clothing, guitar) avoir qch à la main; (key, money) tenir qch dans la main;
    ∎ to hold sth with both hands tenir qch à deux mains;
    ∎ will you hold my coat a second? peux-tu prendre ou tenir mon manteau un instant?;
    ∎ to hold the door for sb tenir la porte à ou pour qn;
    ∎ also figurative to hold sb's hand tenir la main à qn;
    ∎ to hold hands se donner la main, se tenir (par) la main;
    ∎ hold my hand while we cross the street donne-moi la main pour traverser la rue;
    ∎ to hold sb in one's arms tenir qn dans ses bras;
    ∎ to hold sb close or tight serrer qn contre soi;
    ∎ hold it tight and don't let go tiens-le bien et ne le lâche pas;
    ∎ to hold one's nose se boucher le nez;
    ∎ to hold one's sides with laughter se tenir les côtes de rire
    (b) (keep, sustain)
    ∎ to hold sb's attention/interest retenir l'attention de qn;
    ∎ the film doesn't hold the attention for long le film ne retient pas l'attention très longtemps;
    ∎ to hold an audience tenir un auditoire;
    ∎ to hold one's serve (in tennis) défendre son service;
    ∎ Politics to hold a seat (to be an MP) occuper un siège de député; (to be re-elected) être réélu;
    ∎ to hold one's own se défendre, bien se débrouiller;
    ∎ the Prime Minister held her own during the debate le Premier ministre a tenu bon ou ferme pendant le débat;
    ∎ she is well able to hold her own elle sait se défendre;
    ∎ he can hold his own in chess il se défend bien aux échecs;
    ∎ our products hold their own against the competition nos produits se tiennent bien par rapport à la concurrence;
    ∎ to hold the floor garder la parole;
    ∎ the senator held the floor for an hour le sénateur a gardé la parole pendant une heure
    (c) (have, possess → degree, permit, ticket) avoir, posséder; (→ job, position) avoir, occuper;
    ∎ do you hold a clean driving licence? avez-vous déjà été sanctionné pour des infractions au code de la route?;
    ∎ she holds the post of treasurer elle occupe le poste de trésorière;
    ∎ to hold office (chairperson, deputy) être en fonction, remplir sa fonction; (minister) détenir ou avoir un portefeuille; (political party, president) être au pouvoir ou au gouvernement;
    ∎ Religion to hold a living jouir d'un bénéfice;
    ∎ Finance to hold stock or shares détenir ou avoir des actions;
    ∎ to hold 5 percent of the shares in a company détenir 5 pour cent du capital d'une société;
    ∎ also figurative to hold a record détenir un record;
    ∎ she holds the world record for the javelin elle détient le record mondial du javelot
    ∎ the guerrillas held the bridge for several hours les guérilleros ont tenu le pont plusieurs heures durant;
    ∎ Military to hold the enemy contenir l'ennemi;
    ∎ figurative to hold centre stage occuper le centre de la scène;
    ∎ hold it!, hold everything! (stop and wait) attendez!; (stay still) arrêtez!, ne bougez plus!;
    ∎ familiar figurative hold your horses! pas si vite!
    (e) (reserve, set aside) retenir, réserver;
    ∎ we'll hold the book for you until next week nous vous réserverons le livre ou nous vous mettrons le livre de côté jusqu'à la semaine prochaine;
    ∎ will the restaurant hold the table for us? est-ce que le restaurant va nous garder la table?
    (f) (contain) contenir, tenir;
    ∎ this bottle holds 2 litres cette bouteille contient 2 litres;
    ∎ will this suitcase hold all our clothes? est-ce que cette valise sera assez grande pour tous nos vêtements?;
    ∎ the car is too small to hold us all la voiture est trop petite pour qu'on y tienne tous;
    ∎ the hall holds a maximum of 250 people la salle peut accueillir ou recevoir 250 personnes au maximum, il y a de la place pour 250 personnes au maximum dans cette salle;
    ∎ to hold one's drink bien supporter l'alcool;
    ∎ the letter holds the key to the murder la lettre contient la clé du meurtre
    (g) (have, exercise) exercer;
    ∎ the subject holds a huge fascination for some people le sujet exerce une énorme fascination sur certaines personnes;
    ∎ sport held no interest for them pour eux, le sport ne présentait aucun intérêt
    (h) (have in store) réserver;
    ∎ who knows what the future may hold? qui sait ce que nous réserve l'avenir?
    (i) (conserve, store) conserver, détenir; Computing stocker;
    ∎ we can't hold this data forever nous ne pouvons pas conserver ou stocker ces données éternellement;
    ∎ how much data will this disk hold? quelle quantité de données cette disquette peut-elle stocker?;
    ∎ the commands are held in the memory/in a temporary buffer les instructions sont gardées en mémoire/sont enregistrées dans une mémoire intermédiaire;
    ∎ my lawyer holds a copy of my will mon avocat détient ou conserve un exemplaire de mon testament;
    ∎ this photo holds fond memories for me cette photo me rappelle de bons souvenirs
    ∎ the new car holds the road well la nouvelle voiture tient bien la route
    B.
    (a) (maintain in position) tenir, maintenir;
    ∎ she held her arms by her sides elle avait les bras le long du corps;
    ∎ her hair was held in place with hairpins des épingles (à cheveux) retenaient ou maintenaient ses cheveux;
    ∎ what's holding the picture in place? qu'est-ce qui tient ou maintient le tableau en place?;
    ∎ hold the picture a bit higher tenez le tableau un peu plus haut
    (b) (carry) tenir;
    ∎ to hold oneself upright or erect se tenir droit;
    ∎ also figurative to hold one's head high garder la tête haute
    C.
    (a) (confine, detain) détenir;
    ∎ the police are holding him for questioning la police l'a gardé à vue pour l'interroger;
    ∎ they're holding him for murder ils l'ont arrêté pour meurtre;
    ∎ she was held without trial for six weeks elle est restée en prison six semaines sans avoir été jugée
    (b) (keep back, retain) retenir;
    ∎ Law to hold sth in trust for sb tenir qch par fidéicommis pour qn;
    ∎ the post office will hold my mail for me while I'm away la poste gardera mon courrier pendant mon absence;
    ∎ figurative once she starts talking politics there's no holding her! dès qu'elle commence à parler politique, rien ne peut l'arrêter!;
    ∎ American one burger, hold the mustard! (in restaurant) un hamburger, sans moutarde!
    ∎ don't hold dinner for me ne m'attendez pas pour dîner;
    ∎ they held the plane another thirty minutes ils ont retenu l'avion au sol pendant encore trente minutes;
    ∎ hold all decisions on the project until I get back attendez mon retour pour prendre des décisions concernant le projet;
    ∎ hold the front page! ne lancez pas la une tout de suite!;
    ∎ hold the lift! ne laissez pas les portes de l'ascenseur se refermer, j'arrive!
    ∎ we have held costs to a minimum nous avons limité nos frais au minimum;
    ∎ inflation has been held at the same level for several months le taux d'inflation est maintenu au même niveau depuis plusieurs mois;
    ∎ they held their opponents to a goalless draw ils ont réussi à imposer le match nul
    D.
    (a) (assert, claim) maintenir, soutenir; (believe) croire, considérer;
    ∎ formal I hold that teachers should be better paid je considère ou j'estime que les enseignants devraient être mieux payés;
    ∎ the Constitution holds that all men are free la Constitution stipule que tous les hommes sont libres;
    ∎ he holds strong beliefs on the subject of abortion il a de solides convictions en ce qui concerne l'avortement;
    ∎ she holds strong views on the subject elle a une opinion bien arrêtée sur le sujet;
    ∎ her statement is held to be true sa déclaration passe pour vraie
    (b) (consider, regard) tenir, considérer;
    ∎ to hold sb responsible for sth tenir qn pour responsable de qch;
    ∎ I'll hold you responsible if anything goes wrong je vous tiendrai pour responsable ou je vous considérerai responsable s'il y a le moindre incident;
    ∎ the president is to be held accountable for his actions le président doit répondre de ses actes;
    ∎ to hold sb in contempt mépriser ou avoir du mépris pour qn;
    ∎ to hold sb in high esteem avoir beaucoup d'estime pour qn, tenir qn en haute estime
    (c) Law (judge) juger;
    ∎ the appeal court held the evidence to be insufficient la cour d'appel a considéré que les preuves étaient insuffisantes
    (d) (carry on, engage in → conversation, meeting) tenir; (→ party) donner; (organize) organiser;
    ∎ to hold an election/elections procéder à une élection/à des élections;
    ∎ the book fair is held in Frankfurt la foire du livre se tient ou a lieu à Francfort;
    ∎ the classes are held in the evening les cours ont lieu le soir;
    ∎ interviews will be held in early May les entretiens auront lieu au début du mois de mai ou début mai;
    ∎ to hold talks être en pourparlers;
    ∎ the city is holding a service for Armistice Day la ville organise un office pour commémorer le 11 novembre;
    ∎ mass is held at eleven o'clock la messe est célébrée à onze heures
    ∎ Nautical to hold course tenir la route;
    ∎ we held our southerly course nous avons maintenu le cap au sud, nous avons continué notre route vers le sud;
    ∎ Music to hold a note tenir une note
    ∎ will you hold (the line)? voulez-vous patienter?;
    ∎ hold the line! ne quittez pas!;
    ∎ the line's busy just now - I'll hold le poste est occupé pour le moment - je patiente ou je reste en ligne;
    ∎ hold all my calls ne me passez aucun appel
    (a) (cling → person) se tenir, s'accrocher;
    ∎ she held tight to the railing elle s'est cramponnée ou accrochée à la rampe;
    ∎ hold fast!, hold tight! accrochez-vous bien!;
    ∎ figurative their resolve held fast or firm in the face of fierce opposition ils ont tenu bon face à une opposition acharnée
    (b) (remain in place → nail, fastening) tenir bon;
    ∎ the rope won't hold for long la corde ne tiendra pas longtemps
    (c) (last → luck) durer; (→ weather) durer, se maintenir;
    ∎ prices held at the same level as last year les prix se sont maintenus au même niveau que l'année dernière;
    ∎ the pound held firm against the dollar la livre s'est maintenue par rapport au dollar;
    ∎ we might buy him a guitar if his interest in music holds nous lui achèterons peut-être une guitare s'il continue à s'intéresser à la musique
    (d) (remain valid → invitation, offer) tenir; (→ argument, theory) valoir, être valable;
    ∎ to hold good (invitation, offer) tenir; (promises) tenir, valoir; (argument, theory) rester valable;
    ∎ the principle still holds good le principe tient ou vaut toujours;
    ∎ that theory only holds if you consider... cette théorie n'est valable que si vous prenez en compte...;
    ∎ the same holds for Spain il en est de même pour l'Espagne
    (e) (stay, remain) familiar
    ∎ hold still! ne bougez pas!□
    (f) (on telephone) attendre;
    ∎ the line's British engaged or American busy, will you hold? la ligne est occupée, voulez-vous patienter?
    3 noun
    (a) (grasp, grip) prise f; (in wrestling) prise f; Boxing tenu m;
    ∎ to catch or to grab or to seize or to take hold of sth se saisir de ou saisir qch;
    ∎ she caught hold of the rope elle a saisi la corde;
    ∎ grab (a) hold of that towel tiens! prends cette serviette;
    ∎ there was nothing for me to grab hold of il n'y avait rien à quoi m'accrocher ou me cramponner;
    ∎ get a good or take a firm hold on or of the railing tenez-vous bien à la balustrade;
    ∎ I still had hold of his hand je le tenais toujours par la main;
    ∎ to get hold of sth (find) se procurer ou trouver qch;
    ∎ it's difficult to get hold of this book ce livre est difficile à trouver;
    ∎ we got hold of the book you wanted nous avons trouvé le livre que tu voulais;
    ∎ where did you get hold of that idea? où est-ce que tu es allé chercher cette idée?;
    ∎ to get hold of sb trouver qn;
    ∎ I've been trying to get hold of you all week! je t'ai cherché toute la semaine!;
    ∎ just wait till the newspapers get hold of the story attendez un peu que les journaux s'emparent de la nouvelle;
    ∎ she kept hold of the rope elle n'a pas lâché la corde;
    ∎ you'd better keep hold of the tickets tu ferais bien de garder les billets;
    ∎ get a hold on yourself ressaisis-toi, ne te laisse pas aller;
    ∎ to take hold (fire) prendre; (idea) se répandre;
    ∎ Sport & figurative no holds barred tous les coups sont permis
    (b) (controlling force or influence) prise f, influence f;
    ∎ the Church still exerts a strong hold on the country l'Église a toujours une forte mainmise sur le pays;
    ∎ to have a hold over sb avoir de l'influence sur qn;
    ∎ I have no hold over him je n'ai aucune prise ou influence sur lui;
    ∎ the Mafia obviously has some kind of hold over him de toute évidence, la Mafia le tient d'une manière ou d'une autre
    (c) (in climbing) prise f
    (d) (delay, pause) pause f, arrêt m;
    ∎ the company has put a hold on all new orders l'entreprise a suspendu ou gelé toutes les nouvelles commandes
    (e) American (order to reserve) réservation f;
    ∎ the association put a hold on all the hotel rooms l'association a réservé toutes les chambres de l'hôtel
    (f) (prison) prison f; (cell) cellule f; (fortress) place f forte
    (g) (store → in plane) soute f; (→ in ship) cale f
    (h) Music point m d'orgue
    (gen) & Telecommunications en attente;
    ∎ to put sb on hold mettre qn en attente;
    ∎ we've put the project on hold nous avons mis le projet en attente;
    ∎ the operator kept me on hold for ten minutes le standardiste m'a mis en attente pendant dix minutes
    ∎ to hold sth against sb en vouloir à qn de qch;
    ∎ his collaboration with the enemy will be held against him sa collaboration avec l'ennemi lui sera préjudiciable;
    ∎ he lied to her and she still holds it against him il lui a menti et elle lui en veut toujours;
    ∎ I hope you won't hold it against me if I decide not to accept j'espère que tu ne m'en voudras pas si je décide de ne pas accepter
    (a) (control, restrain → animal, person) retenir, tenir; (→ crowd, enemy forces) contenir; (→ anger, laughter, tears) retenir, réprimer; (→ inflation) contenir;
    ∎ the government has succeeded in holding back inflation le gouvernement a réussi à contenir l'inflation
    (b) (keep → money, supplies) retenir; figurative (→ information, truth) cacher, taire;
    ∎ she's holding something back from me elle me cache quelque chose
    ∎ they held her back a year ils lui ont fait redoubler une classe, ils l'ont fait redoubler
    (d) (prevent progress of) empêcher de progresser;
    ∎ his difficulties with maths are holding him back ses difficultés en maths l'empêchent de progresser;
    ∎ lack of investment is holding industry back l'absence d'investissements freine l'industrie
    (stay back) rester en arrière; figurative (restrain oneself) se retenir;
    ∎ he has held back from making a commitment il s'est abstenu de s'engager;
    ∎ the president held back before sending in the army le président a hésité avant d'envoyer les troupes;
    ∎ don't hold back, tell me everything vas-y, dis-moi tout
    (a) (keep in place → paper, carpet) maintenir en place; (→ person) forcer à rester par terre, maintenir au sol;
    ∎ it took four men to hold him down il a fallu quatre hommes pour le maîtriser ou pour le maintenir au sol
    (b) (keep to limit) restreindre, limiter;
    ∎ they're holding unemployment down to 4 percent ils maintiennent le taux de chômage à 4 pour cent;
    ∎ to hold prices down empêcher les prix de monter, empêcher la montée des prix
    ∎ to hold down a job (occupy) avoir un emploi; (keep) garder un emploi;
    ∎ he's never managed to hold down a job il n'a jamais pu garder un emploi bien longtemps;
    ∎ although she's a student, she holds down a full-time job bien qu'elle étudie, elle occupe un poste à plein temps
    (d) Computing (key, mouse button) maintenir enfoncé
    pérorer, disserter;
    ∎ he held forth on the evils of drink il a fait un long discours sur les conséquences néfastes de l'alcool
    (a) (stomach) rentrer
    (b) (emotion) retenir; (anger) contenir
    (a) (keep at distance) tenir à distance ou éloigné;
    ∎ the troops held off the enemy les troupes ont tenu l'ennemi à distance;
    ∎ they managed to hold off the attack ils ont réussi à repousser l'attaque;
    ∎ I can't hold the reporters off any longer je ne peux plus faire attendre ou patienter les journalistes
    (b) (delay, put off) remettre à plus tard;
    ∎ he held off going to see the doctor until May il a attendu le mois de mai pour aller voir le médecin;
    ∎ I held off making a decision j'ai remis la décision à plus tard
    ∎ at least the rain held off au moins il n'a pas plu
    (b) (abstain) s'abstenir;
    ∎ hold off from smoking for a few weeks abstenez-vous de fumer ou ne fumez pas pendant quelques semaines
    ➲ hold on
    (a) (grasp, grip) tenir bien, s'accrocher;
    ∎ to hold on to sth bien tenir qch, s'accrocher à qch, se cramponner à qch;
    ∎ hold on! accrochez-vous!;
    ∎ hold on to your hat! tenez votre chapeau (sur la tête)!
    ∎ hold on to this contract for me (keep it) garde-moi ce contrat;
    ∎ all politicians try to hold on to power tous les hommes politiques essaient de rester au pouvoir;
    ∎ hold on to your dreams/ideals accrochez-vous à vos rêves/idéaux
    (c) (continue, persevere) tenir, tenir le coup;
    ∎ how long can you hold on? combien de temps pouvez-vous tenir (le coup)?;
    ∎ I can't hold on much longer je ne peux pas tenir (le coup) beaucoup plus longtemps
    (d) (wait) attendre; (stop) arrêter;
    ∎ hold on just one minute! (stop) arrêtez!; (wait) attendez!, pas si vite!;
    ∎ hold on, how do I know I can trust you? attends un peu! qu'est-ce qui me prouve que je peux te faire confiance?;
    ∎ Telecommunications hold on please! ne quittez pas!;
    ∎ I had to hold on for several minutes j'ai dû patienter plusieurs minutes
    (maintain in place) tenir ou maintenir en place;
    ∎ her hat is held on with pins son chapeau est maintenu (en place) par des épingles
    (a) (last → supplies, stocks) durer;
    ∎ will the car hold out till we get home? la voiture tiendra-t-elle (le coup) jusqu'à ce qu'on rentre?
    (b) (refuse to yield) tenir bon, tenir le coup;
    ∎ the garrison held out for weeks la garnison a tenu bon pendant des semaines;
    ∎ the management held out against any suggested changes la direction a refusé tous les changements proposés
    (extend) tendre;
    ∎ she held out the book to him elle lui a tendu le livre;
    ∎ also figurative to hold out one's hand to sb tendre la main à qn;
    ∎ I held out my hand j'ai tendu la main;
    ∎ his mother held her arms out to him sa mère lui a ouvert ou tendu les bras
    (offer) offrir;
    ∎ I can't hold out any promise of improvement je ne peux promettre aucune amélioration;
    ∎ the doctors hold out little hope for him les médecins ont peu d'espoir pour lui;
    ∎ science holds out some hope for cancer patients la science offre un espoir pour les malades du cancer
    exiger;
    ∎ the workers held out for a shorter working week les ouvriers réclamaient une semaine de travail plus courte;
    ∎ we're holding out for a higher offer nous attendons qu'on nous en offre un meilleur prix
    ∎ you're holding out on me! tu me caches quelque chose!□
    (a) (position) tenir au-dessus de;
    ∎ she held the glass over the sink elle tenait le verre au-dessus de l'évier;
    ∎ figurative they hold the threat of redundancy over their workers ils maintiennent la menace de licenciement sur leurs ouvriers
    (b) (postpone) remettre, reporter;
    ∎ we'll hold these items over until the next meeting on va remettre ces questions à la prochaine réunion;
    ∎ payment was held over for six months le paiement a été différé pendant six mois
    (c) (retain) retenir, garder;
    ∎ they're holding the show over for another month ils vont laisser le spectacle à l'affiche encore un mois
    (d) Music tenir
    ➲ hold to
    (promise, tradition) s'en tenir à, rester fidèle à; (decision) maintenir, s'en tenir à;
    ∎ you must hold to your principles vous devez rester fidèle à vos principes
    ∎ we held him to his promise nous lui avons fait tenir parole;
    ∎ if I win, I'll buy you lunch - I'll hold you to that! si je gagne, je t'invite à déjeuner - je te prends au mot!
    (book, car) maintenir; (two objects) maintenir ensemble; (community, family) maintenir l'union de;
    ∎ the two pieces of wood are held together by nails les deux morceaux de bois sont cloués ensemble;
    ∎ we need a leader who can hold the workers together il nous faut un chef qui puisse rallier les ouvriers
    ➲ hold up
    (a) (lift, raise) lever, élever;
    ∎ I held up my hand j'ai levé la main;
    ∎ hold the picture up to the light tenez la photo à contre-jour;
    ∎ to hold up one's head redresser la tête;
    ∎ figurative she felt she would never be able to hold her head up again elle pensait qu'elle ne pourrait plus jamais marcher la tête haute
    (b) (support) soutenir;
    ∎ my trousers were held up with safety pins mon pantalon était maintenu par des épingles de sûreté
    ∎ they were held up as an example of efficient local government on les présentaient comme un exemple de gouvernement local compétent;
    ∎ to hold sb up to ridicule tourner qn en ridicule
    (d) (delay) retarder; (stop) arrêter;
    ∎ the traffic held us up la circulation nous a mis en retard;
    ∎ the accident held up traffic for an hour l'accident a bloqué la circulation pendant une heure;
    ∎ our departure was held up by bad weather notre départ a été retardé par le mauvais temps;
    ∎ I was held up j'ai été retenu;
    ∎ the project was held up for lack of funds (before it started) le projet a été mis en attente faute de financement; (after it started) le projet a été interrompu faute de financement;
    ∎ the goods were held up at customs les marchandises ont été immobilisées à la douane
    (e) (rob) faire une attaque à main armée;
    ∎ to hold up a bank faire un hold-up dans une banque
    (clothing, equipment) tenir; (supplies) tenir, durer; (weather) se maintenir;
    ∎ the car held up well during the trip la voiture a bien tenu le coup pendant le voyage;
    ∎ she's holding up well under the pressure elle supporte bien la pression;
    ∎ my finances are holding up well je tiens le coup financièrement
    British (agree with) être d'accord avec; (approve of) approuver;
    ∎ I don't hold with her ideas on socialism je ne suis pas d'accord avec ou je ne partage pas ses idées concernant le socialisme;
    ∎ his mother doesn't hold with private schools sa mère est contre ou désapprouve les écoles privées

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hold

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