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1 कतम
katamáas, ā, at mfn. (superlative of 2. ka;
declined as a pronom., Gram. 236), who orᅠ which of many? (e.g.. katamenapathāyātāste, by which road have they gone?);
it is often a mere strengthened substitute for ka, the superlative affix imparting emphasis;
hence it may occasionally be used for « who orᅠ which of two?» (e.g.. tayoḥkatamasmai, to which of these two?);
it may optionally be compounded with the word to which it refers (e.g.. katamaḥkaṭhaḥ, orᅠ katama-kaṭhaḥ, which Kaṭha out of many?);
when followed by ca andᅠ preceded yatama an indefinite expression is formed equivalent to « any whosoever», « any whatsoever», etc.
(e.g.. yatamadevakatamaccavidyāt he may know anything whatsoever)
In negative sentences katama with cana orᅠ katama with api = not even one, none at all
(e.g.. nakatamaccanâ̱haḥ, not even on a single day, on no day at all);
in addition to the above uses katama is said to mean « best», « excessively good-looking» (cf. 3. ka) RV. etc.
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