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take+outside

  • 121 darse

    pron.v.
    1 to yield, to cease resistance, to give in.
    Darse a with noun or infinitive, to execute quickly or repeatedly the action of the verb
    2 to give oneself up to virtue or vice.
    3 darse a la vela.
    4 to surrender at discretion, in hunting (pájaros), to halt fatigued. (Military)
    5 to concern, to interest.
    Darse maña to manage one's affairs in an able manner; to contrive
    Darse prisa to make haste, to hasten, to accelerate
    Darse una panzada (Coll.) to be fed to satiety and sickness
    Darse una vuelta to scrutinize one's own conduct, to find out one's own faults
    * * *
    1 (entregarse) to give in, surrender
    2 (suceder, existir) to happen, occur
    ■ se da el caso que... the thing is that...
    3 (crecer) to grow; (cultivarse) to be found, grow
    4 darse a (consagrarse) to devote oneself to; (a un vicio) to take to, abandon oneself to
    5 darse con/contra (chocar) to crash (contra/con, into)
    * * *
    VERBO PRONOMINAL
    1) (=entregarse) to give in
    2) (=golpearse) to hit o.s.

    ¿dónde te has dado? — where did you hit yourself?

    • darse con o contra — to bump into

    nariz 2)
    3) (=ocurrir) [suceso] to happen
    4) (=crecer) to grow
    5) [seguido de preposición]
    darse a to take to

    darse a la bebida — to take to drink, start drinking

    darse de sí [cuero, tela] to give, stretch dárselas de to make o.s. out to be

    ¡no te las des de listo! — stop acting clever!

    darse por

    darse por perdido — to give o.s. up for lost

    me doy por vencido — I give up, I give in

    dársele mal a algn
    7)
    - no se me da un higo o bledo o rábano
    - dársela con queso a algn
    * * *
    (v.) = appear, occur
    Ex. The statement of authorship is also transcribed and it appears in the work.
    Ex. In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.
    * * *
    (v.) = appear, occur

    Ex: The statement of authorship is also transcribed and it appears in the work.

    Ex: In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.

    * * *

     

    ■darse verbo reflexivo
    1 (producirse, tener lugar) esa enfermedad se da en el norte de Europa, that disease is common in the North of Europe
    se dieron una serie de coincidencias, a series of coincidences occurred
    los frutales se dan muy bien en Levante, fruit trees grow really well in Levante
    2 (hallarse) to be found, exist
    3 (aplicarse) devote oneself
    4 (causar cierta impresión) me doy lástima, I feel sorry for myself
    5 (tener habilidad para algo) se le dan bien las matemáticas, he's good at maths 5 darse a, (entregarse, abandonarse) to take to: se dio a la bebida, he took to drink 6 darse con o contra, to bump o crash into
    ♦ Locuciones: darse por satisfecho, to feel satisfied
    darse por vencido, to give in
    dárselas de, to boast about: se las da de culto, he pretends to be very refined
    ' darse' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    advertir
    - aludida
    - aludido
    - apurarse
    - baja
    - baño
    - bofetada
    - bombo
    - borrarse
    - bruces
    - canto
    - conocer
    - contentarse
    - correr
    - cuenta
    - espabilar
    - espabilarse
    - importancia
    - ínfula
    - leche
    - lote
    - nariz
    - notar
    - padre
    - pisto
    - postín
    - prisa
    - reparar
    - satisfecha
    - satisfecho
    - tono
    - tute
    - ubicarse
    - abundancia
    - acelerar
    - aire
    - apurar
    - caer
    - carrera
    - chapuzón
    - comprender
    - comprobar
    - dar
    - ducha
    - enterado
    - fijar
    - girar
    - golpe
    - haber
    - impulso
    English:
    aware
    - buck up
    - catch on
    - come on
    - develop
    - dip
    - feast
    - feel
    - flight
    - give in
    - give up
    - give up on
    - have
    - hint
    - hit
    - hurry
    - indulge
    - move
    - name
    - notice
    - pass by
    - personally
    - pose
    - realize
    - shake
    - speed up
    - spoil
    - swim
    - take to
    - thrust forward
    - unawares
    - unwitting
    - unwittingly
    - walk into
    - appreciate
    - bang
    - bath
    - belly
    - bump
    - come
    - count
    - exchange
    - flourish
    - knock
    - latch
    - life
    - live
    - message
    - occur
    - plunge
    * * *
    vpr
    1. [suceder] to occur, to happen;
    se da pocas veces it rarely happens;
    se dio la circunstancia de que un médico pasaba por allí en ese momento it so happened that a doctor was passing that way at the time;
    este fenómeno se da en regiones tropicales this phenomenon occurs o is seen in tropical regions;
    si se diera el caso, ven en taxi if necessary o if need be, get a taxi
    2. [entregarse]
    darse a la bebida to take to drink;
    se ha dado a cuidar niños abandonados she has devoted herself to caring for abandoned children
    3. [golpearse]
    darse contra o [m5] con to hit;
    se dieron contra una farola they crashed into o hit a lamppost;
    se dio de narices en la puerta she bumped o walked into the door
    4. [tener aptitud]
    se me da bien/mal el latín I'm good/bad at Latin;
    se me da muy bien jugar al baloncesto I'm good at basketball;
    ¿qué tal se te da la química? are you any good at chemistry?, how are you at chemistry?
    5. [considerarse]
    darse por to consider oneself (to be);
    darse por vencido to give in;
    me doy por satisfecho con tu disculpa I'm satisfied with your apology;
    me doy por satisfecho con que acabemos entre los tres primeros I'll be satisfied o happy if we finish in the first three;
    con estos resultados me doy por contento I'm quite happy with these results, I'll settle for these results;
    nos dirigíamos a él, pero no se dio por enterado our remarks were aimed at him, but he pretended not to notice
    6. [uso recíproco]
    se dieron los regalos they exchanged presents, they gave each other their presents;
    se dieron de puñetazos a la salida del bar they had a fight outside the bar
    7. [uso reflexivo]
    darse una ducha/un baño to have a shower/bath;
    date prisa, que no llegamos hurry up, we're late
    8. RP [tratarse]
    no se da con sus primos he doesn't have much to do with his cousins
    9. Comp
    Esp Fam
    dársela a alguien: tiene buenos modales y cara de inocente, pero a mí no me la da she's well-mannered and has an innocent face, but she can't fool me;
    dárselas de algo: se las da de intelectual/elegante he fancies himself as an intellectual/a dandy;
    se las da de listo he makes out (that) he's clever;
    se las da de interesante, pero es aburridísimo he reckons he's interesting, but he's actually really boring
    * * *
    v/r
    1 de situación arise
    2
    :
    darse a algo take to sth
    3
    :
    esto se me da bien I’m good at this
    4
    :
    dárselas de algo make o.s. out to be sth, claim to be sth
    5
    :
    a mí no me las das fam you don’t fool me
    * * *
    vr
    1) : to give in, to surrender
    2) : to occur, to arise
    3) : to grow, to come up
    4)
    darse contra : to hit oneself against
    5)
    dárselas de : to boast about
    se las da de muy listo: he thinks he's very smart
    * * *
    darse vb
    1. (ocurrir) to happen / to occur
    2. (actividad, asignatura) to be
    3. (golpearse) to hit [pt. & pp. hit] / to bang
    4. (tomarse) to have

    Spanish-English dictionary > darse

  • 122 поселиться

    1) General subject: colonize, locate, make one's home, pitch one's tent (где-либо), pitch tent, pitch tents, quarter oneself on (у кого-л.), quarter oneself with (у кого-л.), set up staff, settle down, take up one's abode, take up one's residence, take up one's residency, take up quarters with (где-л., с кем-л.), settle, take up quarters, take up quarters, take up residence (где-л.), (у кого-л.) move in (This cat was just thrown outside to live by somebody. I've been feeding him for a long time and he came to me eventually and then he just moved in. - стал у меня жить)
    2) Law: fix
    3) Jargon: shack up (в квартире, комнате и т.п.), shack up with (в квартире, комнате и т.п.)
    4) Makarov: lodge (временно), quarter oneself on (smb.) (у кого-л.), quarter oneself with (smb.) (у кого-л.), take up (one's) quarters with (smb.) (с кем-л.; где-л.), fix oneself in a place (где-л.), fix onself in a place (где-л.)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > поселиться

  • 123 dürfen

    I Modalv.; darf, durfte, hat (+ Inf.) dürfen
    1. Erlaubnis bzw. Verbot: be allowed to (+ Inf.) darf ich rausgehen? can ( höflich: may) I go out?; ich darf keinen Alkohol trinken I’m not allowed (to drink) any alcohol; man wird doch wohl noch fragen dürfen you’re allowed to ask, aren’t you?
    2. Ratschlag, Aufforderung, Warnung etc.: du darfst den Hund nicht anfassen you mustn’t touch the dog, don’t touch the dog; wir dürfen den Bus nicht verpassen we mustn’t (bes. Am. can’t) miss the bus; so etwas darf einfach nicht vorkommen something like that simply cannot be allowed to happen; so etwas darfst du nicht sagen you mustn’t ( oder shouldn’t) say things like that; das hättest du nicht sagen dürfen you shouldn’t have said that; das darf keiner erfahren nobody’s to know, nobody must find out
    3. (können) mit gutem Grund: wenn man es so nennen darf if one can call it that; du darfst stolz auf ihn sein you can be proud of him; du darfst es mir glauben you can take my word for it; das darf man wohl sagen iro. you can say that again; ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass... I am able to inform you that...; da darf er sich nicht wundern he shouldn’t be surprised, that shouldn’t surprise him; das darf wohl nicht wahr sein! that’s incredible, I don’t believe it!
    4. Vermutung: das dürfte der Neue sein that must be the new guy ( oder teacher etc.); es dürfte bald zu Ende sein it should be finished soon; das dürfte die beste Lösung sein that’s probably ( oder that seems to be, I think that’s) the best solution; es dürfte Regen geben it might rain, there could be rain; das dürfte reichen that should be enough ( oder suffice)
    5. als Höflichkeitsform: was darf’s sein? what can I do for you?; als Gastgeber: what would you like (to drink)?, what’s your poison? umg., hum.; ich darf mich jetzt verabschieden I’m afraid I’ve got to go now; dürfte ich mir die Frage erlauben? may I ask a question?; wenn ich mich kurz entschuldigen dürfte if you would excuse me for a moment; dürfte ich um das Salz bitten? would you pass (me) the salt please?; bitten
    II vt/i; darf, durfte, hat gedurft; umg.
    1. Erlaubnis, Verbot: darf ich oder man? may I?; nein, du darfst nicht no you can’t; bestimmter: no you may not; das darf man nicht you’re etc. not allowed, it isn’t permitted; er darf / durfte nicht nach draußen he’s not / he wasn’t allowed out; ich darf heute ins Kino I’m allowed (out) to go to the cinema (Am. movies) tonight; darfst du das denn? are you allowed to (do that) then?; das hätte er eigentlich nicht gedurft he wasn’t really allowed (to do it)
    2. Ratschlag etc.: das darfst du doch nicht you shouldn’t do (things like) that; ich geb’s auf! - nein, das darfst du nicht! no you shouldn’t (do that)
    * * *
    to be allowed to; may; to be permitted; to have the right
    * * *
    dụ̈r|fen ['dʏrfn] pret du\#rfte, ['dʊrftə] ptp gedu\#rft or (bei modal aux vb) dü\#rfen
    vi, modal aux vb
    [gə'dʊrft, 'dʏrfn]
    1)

    (= Erlaubnis haben) etw tun dürfen — to be allowed to do sth, to be permitted to do sth

    darf ich/man das tun? — may I/one do it?, am I/is one allowed to do it?

    darf ich? – ja, Sie dürfen — may I? – yes, you may

    darf ich ins Kino? — may I go to the cinema?

    er hat nicht gedurft — he wasn't allowed to

    2)

    (verneint) diesen Zug darf ich nicht verpassen — I must not miss this train

    du darfst ihm das nicht übel nehmen — you must not take offence (Brit) or offense (US) at him

    3)

    (in Höflichkeitsformeln) darf ich das tun? — may I do that?

    Ruhe, wenn ich bitten darf! — quiet, (if you) please!, will you please be quiet!

    darf ich um den nächsten Tanz bitten? — may I have (the pleasure of) the next dance?

    darf ich Sie bitten, das zu tun? — may or could I ask you to do that?

    was darf es sein? — can I help you?, what can I do for you?; (vom Gastgeber gesagt) what can I get you?, what'll you have?

    dürfte ich bitte Ihren Ausweis sehen (als Aufforderung) — may or might I see your identity card, please

    4)

    (= Veranlassung haben, können) wir freuen uns, Ihnen mitteilen zu dürfen — we are pleased to be able to tell you

    ich darf wohl sagen, dass... — I think I can say that...

    man darf doch wohl fragen — one can or may ask, surely?

    5)

    (im Konjunktiv) das dürfte... (als Annahme) — that must...

    das dürfte reichen — that should be enough, that ought to be enough

    das Essen dürfte stärker gewürzt sein — the food could have been more highly spiced

    * * *
    1) ((usually may) to have permission to: You can go if you behave yourself.) can
    2) (to have the permission to: You may go home now.) may
    * * *
    dür·fen
    [ˈdʏrfn̩]
    <darf, durfte, dürfen>
    ▪ etw [nicht] tun \dürfen to [not] be allowed to do sth
    darf man hier parken? are you allowed [or is it permitted] to park here?
    hier darf man nicht rauchen smoking is not allowed [or permitted] here
    darf ich heute Abend ins Kino gehen? can I go to the cinema tonight?
    2. verneint (nicht sollen, müssen)
    ▪ jd/etw darf etw nicht tun sb/sth mustn't do sth [or form ought not [to] do sth]
    du darfst jetzt nicht aufgeben you mustn't give up now
    das darf man nicht tun! that's not allowed!, one mustn't do that!
    du darfst ihm das nicht übel nehmen you mustn't hold that against him
    wir \dürfen den Zug nicht verpassen we mustn't [or form ought not [to]] miss the train
    das darf nicht wieder vorkommen this mustn't happen again
    man darf sich nicht wundern, wenn... it shouldn't come as a surprise when/if...
    3. (höflich anfragend)
    ▪ darf [o dürfte] ich/dürfen [o dürften] wir...? may [or might] I/we....?
    darf ich Sie bitten, das Formular auszufüllen? would you fill in the form, please?
    darf ich bitten? (zum Tanz) may I [have the pleasure]?; (zum Essen) dinner is served!
    alle mal herhören, wenn ich bitten darf! (fam) would everybody please listen!
    dürfte ich wohl noch ein Stück Kuchen haben? I wonder if I might [or could] have another piece of cake?
    dürfte ich mir die Frage erlauben, warum... may I ask, why...
    darf man fragen, wie lange es noch dauert? (iron) may I ask how long it's going to take?
    darf ich mir noch ein Stück Fleisch nehmen? may [or can] I help myself to another piece of meat?
    darf ich auch mal sehen/probieren? may I have a look/try too?
    darf [o dürfte] ich wohl wissen, warum? may [or might] I know why?
    4. (können)
    ▪ jd darf etw tun sb can do sth; (Veranlassung haben) sb has reason to do sth
    wir \dürfen es bezweifeln we have reason to doubt
    man darf erwarten, dass... it is to be expected that...
    du darfst mir das ruhig glauben you can [or may] take it from me
    wir freuen uns, Ihnen mitteilen zu \dürfen, dass... we are pleased to be able to tell you that...
    ich darf wohl sagen, dass... I think I can say that...
    5. im Konjunktiv (sollen)
    ▪ das/es dürfte... that/it should [or form ought to]...
    das dürfte genügen [o reichen] that should be enough
    es dürfte eigentlich genügen, wenn ich dir sage, dass... suffice it to say that... form, it should be enough, if I tell you that...
    es klingelt, das dürfte Ulrike sein there's a ring at the door, that must be Ulrike
    es dürfte wohl das Beste sein, wenn... it would probably be best when/if...
    das dürfte der Grund sein that is probably why
    es dürfte schon Mitternacht sein it must be about midnight
    es dürfte ihnen bekannt sein, dass... you might be aware of the fact that...
    6.
    ▶ es darf nicht sein, dass... it can't be [or it's not right] that...
    ▶ das darf doch nicht wahr sein! (fam) that can't be [true]!
    ▶ was darf es sein? what would you like?
    II. vi
    <darf, durfte, gedurft>
    darf ich [auch mal]? may I [too]?
    ja, Sie \dürfen yes, you may
    sie hat nicht gedurft she wasn't allowed to
    darf ich nach draußen? may [or can] I go outside?
    III. vt
    <darf, durfte, gedurft>
    ▪ etw \dürfen to be allowed to do sth
    darfst du das? are you allowed to?
    das darf man nicht! that's not allowed!
    nein, das darfst du definitiv nicht! no, you may definitely not!
    das darfst du auf gar keinen Fall! you can't possibly do that!
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges Modalverb; 2. Part. dürfen

    etwas tun dürfen — be allowed or permitted to do something

    darf ich [das tun]? — may I [do that]?

    das darf man nicht tun — that is not allowed; one mustn't do that

    er hat es nicht tun dürfen — he was not allowed or permitted to do it

    nein, das darfst du nicht — no, you may not

    du darfst nicht lügen/jetzt nicht aufgeben! — you mustn't tell lies/give up now!

    das darf nicht wahr sein — (ugs.) that's incredible

    darf ich Sie bitten, das zu tun? — could I ask you to do that?

    darf od. dürfte ich mal Ihre Papiere sehen? — may I see your papers?

    darf ich um diesen Tanz bitten? — may I have [the pleasure of] this dance?

    was möchten Sie trinken, was darf es sein? — what can I get you to drink?

    darf ich bitten? — (um einen Tanz) may I have the pleasure?; (einzutreten) won't you come in?

    Ruhe, wenn ich bitten darf! — will you please be quiet!

    3) (Grund haben zu)

    ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass... — I am able to inform you that...

    darf ich annehmen, dass...? — can I assume that...?

    sie darf sich nicht beklagen — she can't complain; she has no reason to complain

    4) Konjunktiv II + Inf

    das dürfte der Grund sein — that is probably the reason; (ich nehme an, dass das der Grund ist) that must be the reason

    2.
    unregelmäßiges transitives, intransitives Verb
    * * *
    A. v/mod; darf, durfte, hat (+inf) dürfen
    1. Erlaubnis bzw Verbot: be allowed to (+inf)
    darf ich rausgehen? can ( höflich: may) I go out?;
    ich darf keinen Alkohol trinken I’m not allowed (to drink) any alcohol;
    man wird doch wohl noch fragen dürfen you’re allowed to ask, aren’t you?
    2. Ratschlag, Aufforderung, Warnung etc:
    du darfst den Hund nicht anfassen you mustn’t touch the dog, don’t touch the dog;
    wir dürfen den Bus nicht verpassen we mustn’t (besonders US can’t) miss the bus;
    so etwas darf einfach nicht vorkommen something like that simply cannot be allowed to happen;
    so etwas darfst du nicht sagen you mustn’t ( oder shouldn’t) say things like that;
    das hättest du nicht sagen dürfen you shouldn’t have said that;
    das darf keiner erfahren nobody’s to know, nobody must find out
    3. (können) mit gutem Grund:
    wenn man es so nennen darf if one can call it that;
    du darfst stolz auf ihn sein you can be proud of him;
    du darfst es mir glauben you can take my word for it;
    das darf man wohl sagen iron you can say that again;
    ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass … I am able to inform you that …;
    da darf er sich nicht wundern he shouldn’t be surprised, that shouldn’t surprise him;
    das darf wohl nicht wahr sein! that’s incredible, I don’t believe it!
    das dürfte der Neue sein that must be the new guy ( oder teacher etc);
    es dürfte bald zu Ende sein it should be finished soon;
    das dürfte die beste Lösung sein that’s probably ( oder that seems to be, I think that’s) the best solution;
    es dürfte Regen geben it might rain, there could be rain;
    das dürfte reichen that should be enough ( oder suffice)
    was darf’s sein? what can I do for you?; als Gastgeber: what would you like (to drink)?, what’s your poison? umg, hum;
    ich darf mich jetzt verabschieden I’m afraid I’ve got to go now;
    dürfte ich mir die Frage erlauben? may I ask a question?;
    wenn ich mich kurz entschuldigen dürfte if you would excuse me for a moment;
    dürfte ich um das Salz bitten? would you pass (me) the salt please?; → bitten
    B. v/t & v/i; darf, durfte, hat gedurft; umg
    1. Erlaubnis, Verbot:
    man? may I?;
    nein, du darfst nicht no you can’t; bestimmter: no you may not;
    das darf man nicht you’re etc not allowed, it isn’t permitted;
    er darf/durfte nicht nach draußen he’s not/he wasn’t allowed out;
    ich darf heute ins Kino I’m allowed (out) to go to the cinema (US movies) tonight;
    darfst du das denn? are you allowed to (do that) then?;
    das hätte er eigentlich nicht gedurft he wasn’t really allowed (to do it)
    2. Ratschlag etc:
    das darfst du doch nicht you shouldn’t do (things like) that;
    ich geb’s auf! -
    nein, das darfst du nicht! no you shouldn’t (do that)
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges Modalverb; 2. Part. dürfen

    etwas tun dürfen — be allowed or permitted to do something

    darf ich [das tun]? — may I [do that]?

    das darf man nicht tun — that is not allowed; one mustn't do that

    nein, das darfst du nicht — no, you may not

    du darfst nicht lügen/jetzt nicht aufgeben! — you mustn't tell lies/give up now!

    das darf nicht wahr sein — (ugs.) that's incredible

    darf ich Sie bitten, das zu tun? — could I ask you to do that?

    darf od. dürfte ich mal Ihre Papiere sehen? — may I see your papers?

    darf ich um diesen Tanz bitten? — may I have [the pleasure of] this dance?

    was möchten Sie trinken, was darf es sein? — what can I get you to drink?

    darf ich bitten? — (um einen Tanz) may I have the pleasure?; (einzutreten) won't you come in?

    Ruhe, wenn ich bitten darf! — will you please be quiet!

    ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass... — I am able to inform you that...

    darf ich annehmen, dass...? — can I assume that...?

    sie darf sich nicht beklagen — she can't complain; she has no reason to complain

    4) Konjunktiv II + Inf

    das dürfte der Grund sein — that is probably the reason; (ich nehme an, dass das der Grund ist) that must be the reason

    2.
    unregelmäßiges transitives, intransitives Verb
    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,pp.: durfte, gedurt)
    = to be allowed expr.
    to be permitted expr.
    to dare v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > dürfen

  • 124 wierzch

    m (G wierzchu) 1. (górna część) top
    - z wierzchu a. na wierzchu leżały gazety some newspapers were lying on top
    - z wierzchu a. na wierzchu zielony green on (the) top
    - zdjąć coś z wierzchu to take sth off the top
    - posyp cukrem po wierzchu sprinkle with sugar on top
    - wierzch tkaniny the face side of a fabric
    - na wierzch walizki włożyła ręcznik she put a towel on top when packing
    2. (zewnętrzna strona) outside
    - wierzch dłoni the back of the hand
    - walizka jest porysowana na wierzchu the case is scratched on the outside a. on the lid
    - włożyć coś na wierzch to put sth on top [sweter, marynarkę]
    - bluzka wyrzucona na wierzch (spodni) a blouse worn outside one’s trousers
    ■ zostawić coś na wierzchu to not put sth away
    - oczy wyłażą mu na wierzch pot. his eyes nearly pop out of his head
    - moje/jego na wierzchu I’m/he’s right again
    - twoje na wierzchu OK, you win
    - koń pod wierzch a saddle horse, a hack
    - jechać wierzchem to ride on horseback
    * * *
    -u; -y; m
    (stołu, pudełka) top; ( dłoni) back; ( ubrania) outside; ( buta) upper

    być/leżeć na wierzchu — to be/lie on top

    oczy mu wyszły na wierzch — pot his eyes popped out (pot)

    * * *
    mi
    1. (= górna część) top; ( dłoni) back; ( ubrania) outside; ( obuwia) upper; oczy wychodzą komuś na wierzch pot. sb's eyes pop out; nosić koszulę na wierzch wear one's shirt over one's pants; prawda wyjdzie na wierzch the truth will out; jeździć wierzchem jeźdź. ride (on) horseback.
    2. (= wieko) lid.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wierzch

  • 125 espacio

    m.
    1 space.
    no tengo mucho espacio I don't have much room
    por espacio de over a period of
    espacio aéreo air space
    espacio verde green area
    2 program (radio & television) (programa independiente).
    espacio electoral party political broadcast
    espacio publicitario advertising slot
    3 room, available space, space.
    4 character space.
    5 spatium, crevice.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: espaciar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) space
    2 (que se ocupa) space, room
    3 (de tiempo) period, space
    4 (programa) programme (US program)
    \
    a doble espacio double-spaced
    por espacio de... for...
    doble espacio double spacing
    espacio aéreo air space
    espacio radiofónico radio programme (US program)
    espacio televisivo TV programme (US program)
    espacio verde open space, green space
    espacio vital living space
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) room
    3) period, length
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Astron, Fís, Aer) space

    espacio exterior, espacio extraterrestre — outer space

    2) (=sitio) room, space

    no hay espacio para tantas sillas — there isn't room o space for so many chairs

    ¿me haces un espacio para que me siente? — can you make a bit of room o space for me to sit down?

    3) (=superficie) space

    espacio vital — (Pol) living space; [de persona] living space

    4) [en un escrito] space

    un texto mecanografiado a un espacio/a doble espacio — a single-spaced/double-spaced typescript

    escríbelo a un espacio/a doble espacio — type it with single spacing/double spacing

    espacio interlineal — interlinear spacing, inter-line spacing

    5) [de tiempo] space
    6) (Radio, TV) [en la programación] slot; (=programa) programme, program (EEUU)

    espacio electoral — ≈ party political broadcast

    espacio publicitario — advertising spot, commercial

    7) (Mús) interval
    8) †† (=tardanza) delay, slowness
    * * *
    1)
    a) (amplitud, capacidad) space, room
    b) (entre líneas, palabras) space; ( entre objetos) space, gap

    un folio mecanografiado a doble espacio/a un espacio — a sheet of double-spaced/single-spaced typing

    c) (recinto, área) area
    2) (Espac)
    3) ( de tiempo)

    por espacio de 24 horas — for 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours

    4)
    a) (Rad, TV) ( hueco) slot; ( programa) program*

    espacio deportivo/informativo — sports/news program

    b) (en periódico, revista) space
    * * *
    1)
    a) (amplitud, capacidad) space, room
    b) (entre líneas, palabras) space; ( entre objetos) space, gap

    un folio mecanografiado a doble espacio/a un espacio — a sheet of double-spaced/single-spaced typing

    c) (recinto, área) area
    2) (Espac)
    3) ( de tiempo)

    por espacio de 24 horas — for 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours

    4)
    a) (Rad, TV) ( hueco) slot; ( programa) program*

    espacio deportivo/informativo — sports/news program

    b) (en periódico, revista) space
    * * *
    espacio1
    1 = space.

    Ex: For example, 629.1388 in DC has to house all documents on Astronautics documents on Instrumentation, Earth satellites, Monkeys in space, Manned flights, and so on.

    * agricultura en el espacio = astroculture.
    * ciencias del espacio, las = space science(s), the.
    * ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.
    * criatura del espacio = space monster.
    * cultivo en el espacio = astroculture.
    * espacio aéreo = airspace.
    * espacio exterior = outer space.
    * fotografía del espacio = space photograph.
    * NASA (Administración Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio) = NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

    espacio2
    2 = capacity, gap, room, slot, space, spacing, spaciousness, span, headroom, elbow room.

    Ex: Marginal storage cards normally have capacity for storing citations and abstracts.

    Ex: New editions will be essentially cumulations and therefore a longer gap will exist between editions.
    Ex: It then displays a screen with room to enter 28 copy numbers.
    Ex: These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.
    Ex: There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.
    Ex: Guidelines can be expected to discuss some or all of the following: instructions on the way in which abstracts are to be presented, e.g. typing, paper, layout, spacing.
    Ex: The overall plan of the library is to provide an atmosphere of spaciousness and calm, in contrast to the urban bustle outside = El proyecto general de la biblioteca es ofrecer un ambiente de amplitud y calma, en contraste con el bullicio urbano exterior.
    Ex: The disc held an 18-month span of data from CAB ABSTRACTS.
    Ex: I was also encouraged to read a subscriber to this list has over 40,000 items meaning this software has plenty of headroom = También me sentí animado al leer que un miembro de esta lista tiene más de 40.000 registros lo que significa que este software tiene bastante capacidad.
    Ex: People will work at a higher level when they have adequate elbow room for decision making.
    * acabarse el espacio = run out of + space.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * agotar el espacio = run out of + space.
    * ahorrar espacio = conserve + space, save + space.
    * ahorro de espacio = economy of space.
    * asignación de espacio = space allocation.
    * a un solo espacio = single-spaced.
    * barrera espacio-temporal = space-time barrier.
    * compartir espacio = share + space.
    * dejar espacio para = leave + room for.
    * derrochar espacio = waste + space.
    * desperdicio de espacio = space waster.
    * en el espacio = spatially.
    * en espacios cerrados = indoors.
    * en un corto espacio de tiempo = in a short space of time.
    * espacio abierto = open space.
    * espacio abierto público = public open space.
    * espacio al aire libre = outdoor space.
    * espacio cerrado = closed space.
    * espacio de almacenamiento = storage space.
    * espacio de almacenamiento en disco = drive storage space.
    * espacio dedicado a estanterías = stack space.
    * espacio destinado a encuentros de todo tipo = meeting space.
    * espacio de trabajo = workspace.
    * espacio en blanco = blank, blank space.
    * espacio en blanco final = trailing blank.
    * espacio en blanco inicial = beginning blank.
    * espacio en disco = disc space.
    * espacio entre columnas = intercolumn spacing.
    * Espacio Europeo para la Educación Superior (EEES) = European Space for Higher Education (ESHE).
    * espacio físico = physical facility, physical space.
    * espacio físico disponible = floor space.
    * espacio interlineal = interline spacing.
    * espacio interpersonal = personal boundaries.
    * espacio libre = vacant space.
    * espacio para las piernas = legroom.
    * espacio para los expositores = display space.
    * espacio para trabajar = workspace.
    * espacio personal = personal space, territorial space, personal space territory.
    * espacio privado = personal space, territorial space, personal space territory.
    * espacio público = public space, public area, commons.
    * espacio público común = commons.
    * espacio reservado para el estudio = study space.
    * espacio social = social space.
    * espacio territorial = territorial space.
    * espacio vacío = vacant space.
    * espacio virtual = virtual space.
    * espacio vital = life-space.
    * falta de espacio = tightness of space.
    * falto de espacio = cramped.
    * invasión del espacio personal = invasion of space.
    * limitaciones de espacio = space constraints.
    * mantenimiento de espacios exteriores = ground maintenance.
    * necesidades de espacio = space requirements.
    * ocupar espacio = occupy + space, take up + space, take up + room.
    * optimizar el espacio de almacenamiento = maximise + storage space.
    * problema de espacio = space problem.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * relativo al espacio físico = spatial.
    * rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.

    * * *
    A
    1 (amplitud, capacidad) space, room
    en el parque hay mucho espacio para jugar there is plenty of space to play in the park
    tus cosas ocupan demasiado espacio your things take up too much space o room
    aquí no cabe, no hay suficiente espacio it won't fit here, there isn't enough space o room
    2 (hueco — entre líneas, palabras) space; (— entre objetos) space, gap
    ocho folios mecanografiados a dos espacios or a doble espacio/a un espacio eight sheets of double-spaced/single-spaced typing
    rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blank spaces o the blanks
    deja un espacio entre los pupitres leave some space o a space o a gap between the desks
    3 (recinto, área) area
    un espacio cercado a fenced-off area
    espacios cerrados confined spaces o areas
    Compuestos:
    political niche, niche
    mpl open spaces (pl)
    mpl green spaces (pl)
    lebensraum, living space
    webspace
    B ( Espac):
    el espacio space
    Compuestos:
    airspace
    ● espacio exterior or sideral
    outer space
    C
    (de tiempo): en un corto espacio de tiempo in a short space of time
    los efectos persisten por espacio de 24 horas the effects last for 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours
    por espacio de varios años over a period of several years
    D
    1 (en la radio, televisión — hueco) slot; (— programa) program*
    espacio deportivo/informativo/musical sports/news/music program
    espacio publicitario advertising slot
    2 (en un periódico, revista) space
    * * *

     

    Del verbo espaciar: ( conjugate espaciar)

    espacio es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    espació es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    espaciar    
    espacio
    espacio sustantivo masculino
    1

    ◊ ocupan demasiado espacio they take up too much space o room

    b) (entre líneas, palabras) space;

    ( entre objetos) space, gap;
    ◊ rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blank spaces o the blanks

    c) (recinto, área) area

    2 (Espac):

    espacio aéreo airspace
    3 ( de tiempo):

    por espacio de 24 horas for 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours
    4
    a) (Rad, TV) ( programa) program( conjugate program);


    b) (en periódico, revista) space

    espaciar verbo transitivo to space out
    espacio sustantivo masculino
    1 space
    espacio aéreo, air space
    espacio sideral, outer space
    espacio vital, living space
    2 (periodo de tiempo) period
    3 (sitio) room: ocupa poco espacio, it takes little room
    4 Rad TV programme, US program
    ' espacio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acordonar
    - agobiante
    - ámbito
    - amplitud
    - antes
    - aprovechada
    - aprovechado
    - área
    - blanca
    - blanco
    - cámping
    - conquista
    - después
    - discurso
    - en seguida
    - enseguida
    - estrecha
    - estrecho
    - evaporarse
    - extenderse
    - hasta
    - holgada
    - holgado
    - holgura
    - hueca
    - hueco
    - interlineal
    - linterna
    - margen
    - noche
    - ocupar
    - orientación
    - periodo
    - período
    - plaza
    - primera
    - primero
    - radio
    - reducida
    - reducido
    - remota
    - remoto
    - rincón
    - robar
    - rompecabezas
    - separación
    - sitio
    - sobrar
    - tapiar
    - temporada
    English:
    accommodate
    - ahead
    - bay
    - beyond
    - blank
    - breathing space
    - by
    - clearance
    - come into
    - confined
    - cyber space
    - elbow room
    - expanse
    - extension
    - fill
    - fit in
    - forward
    - gap
    - gate
    - go
    - headroom
    - in
    - length
    - long
    - near
    - on
    - outer space
    - party political broadcast
    - room
    - roomy
    - single-space
    - slot
    - smoky
    - space
    - space-saving
    - spacing
    - span
    - spot
    - stretch out
    - take
    - take up
    - throughout
    - towards
    - turn away
    - wide open
    - workspace
    - elbow
    - leg
    - maneuver
    - outer
    * * *
    1. [extensión física] space;
    la relación entre el espacio y el tiempo the relationship between space and time
    Fís espacio-tiempo space-time; Mat espacio vectorial vector space
    2. [hueco libre] space, room;
    hay espacio de sobra para construir una piscina there's plenty of space o room to build a swimming pool;
    no queda espacio en mi maleta there's no room (left) in my suitcase;
    deja más espacio entre las plantas leave more space o room between the plants
    espacio aéreo airspace;
    espacio vital living space;
    me falta espacio vital I need more space;
    Informát espacio Web Web space
    3. [lugar] space;
    no soporto los espacios cerrados I can't bear enclosed spaces
    espacio verde [grande] park; [pequeño] lawn, green
    4. [en texto] space;
    a dos espacios, a doble espacio double-spaced;
    cuatro folios a un espacio four single-spaced sheets
    espacio en blanco blank;
    rellene los espacios en blanco fill in the blanks;
    Informát espacio indivisible hard space
    5. [más allá de la Tierra]
    el espacio (outer) space;
    la conquista del espacio es todavía un sueño the conquest of (outer) space is still a dream
    espacio exterior outer space;
    espacio sideral outer space
    6. [radiofónico, televisivo] [programa independiente] programme;
    [dentro de otro programa] slot;
    espacios informativos news programmes;
    tiene un espacio en el programa de los sábados he has a slot on the Saturday programme
    espacio electoral Br party political broadcast, US political advertisement;
    espacio publicitario advertising slot, commercial
    7. [duración]
    cortaron el agua por espacio de dos horas the water was cut off for two hours;
    en un corto espacio de tiempo in a short space of time;
    en el espacio de tiempo que se tarda en escribir una postal in the time it takes to write a postcard
    * * *
    m
    1 space;
    espacio en blanco (blank) space;
    espacio de tiempo space of time;
    no tengo suficiente espacio I don’t have enough space o room;
    en el espacio de tres meses in the space of three months;
    por espacio de una hora for a full hour
    2 TV program, Br
    programme
    * * *
    1) : space, room
    2) : period, length (of time)
    3)
    espacio exterior : outer space
    * * *
    1. (en general) space
    2. (sitio) room
    3. (programa) programme

    Spanish-English dictionary > espacio

  • 126 cadre

    cadre [kαdʀ]
    1. masculine noun
       a. [de tableau, porte, bicyclette] frame
    • cadre numérique digital (photo or picture) frame
       b. ( = décor) setting ; ( = entourage) surroundings
    • quel cadre magnifique ! what a magnificent setting!
       c. ( = contexte) framework
    • le cadre juridique/institutionnel the legal/institutional framework
       d. ( = limites) scope
       e. ( = responsable) manager
    * * *
    kadʀ
    1.
    nom masculin
    1) (de tableau, miroir) frame
    2) ( lieu) setting; ( milieu) surroundings (pl)
    4) ( structure) framework
    5) ( employé) executive

    cadre moyen/supérieur — middle ranking/senior executive

    les cadres moyens/supérieurs — middle/senior management (+ v pl)

    6) (de bicyclette, moto) frame
    7) ( dans un formulaire) space, box
    8) Informatique frame

    2.
    dans le cadre de locution prépositive
    1) ( à l'occasion de) on the occasion of
    2) ( dans le contexte de) (de lutte, négociations, d'organisation) within the framework of; (de campagne, plan) as part of
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    kɒdʀ
    1. nm
    1) [tableau] frame
    2) (= environnement) surroundings pl

    L'hôtel est situé dans un très beau cadre. — The hotel is set in beautiful surroundings.

    un cadre de verdure — a leafy setting, leafy surroundings

    3) (= limites) framework
    2. nm/f
    ADMINISTRATION manager, executive

    cadre moyen — middle manager, junior executive

    cadre supérieur — senior manager, senior executive

    une cadre supérieure — a senior manager, a senior executive

    3. adj

    loi cadre — outline law, blueprint law

    4. cadres nmpl
    ADMINISTRATION staff list
    * * *
    A nm
    1 (de tableau, miroir, fenêtre) frame;
    2 ( lieu) setting; ( milieu) surroundings; dans un cadre agréable/champêtre in a pleasant/rustic setting; le théâtre antique servira de cadre à une série de concerts the amphitheatreGB will be the setting for a series of concerts; hors de son cadre habituel, c'est un autre homme out of his usual surroundings, he's a different man;
    3 ( domaine délimité) cela sort du cadre de mes fonctions that's not part of my duties; nous sortons du cadre de notre contrat we're overstepping the limits of our contract; sortir du cadre de la légalité to go outside the law;
    4 ( structure) framework; il n'existe aucun cadre juridique à ce problème there is no legal framework for this problem; le cadre d'un récit/ouvrage the framework of a story/book; étudier une langue en dehors du cadre scolaire to study a language outside a school context;
    5 ( employé) executive; cadre moyen/supérieur middle ranking/senior executive; les cadres moyens/supérieurs middle/senior management (+ v pl); passer cadre to be made an executive; ⇒ jeune;
    6 Ordinat frame;
    7 (de bicyclette, moto) frame;
    8 ( dans un formulaire) space, box;
    9 Transp, Comm crate;
    10 ( en apiculture) frame;
    11 Naut berth, bunk.
    B cadres nmpl Entr figurer sur les cadres to be on the company's books; être rayé des cadres to be dismissed.
    C dans le cadre de loc prép
    1 ( à l'occasion de) on the occasion of [voyage, fête, rencontre]; dans le cadre de cette journée particulière on this special occasion;
    2 ( dans le contexte de) within the framework of [lutte, politique, négociations, organisation]; as part of [enquête, campagne, plan]; les manifestations organisées dans le cadre du festival events organized as part of the festival; les négociations doivent avoir lieu dans le cadre de la CEE negotiations must take place within the framework of the EC; recevoir une formation dans le cadre d'une entreprise/d'une association to undergo training within a company/an association.
    cadre conteneur container; cadre margeur Phot masking frame; cadre de vie (living) environment.
    [kadr] nom masculin
    A.
    1. [responsable - dans une entreprise] executive ; [ - dans un parti, un syndicat] cadre
    un poste de cadre an executive ou a managerial post
    cadre supérieur ou dirigeant senior executive, member of (the) senior management
    B.
    C.
    1. [encadrement - d'un tableau, d'une porte, d'une ruche etc] frame
    2. [environnement] setting, surroundings
    3. [portée, limites - d'accords, de réformes] scope, framework
    ‘cadre réservé à l'administration’ ‘for official use only’
    ————————
    cadres nom masculin pluriel
    1. [contrainte]
    dans le cadre de locution prépositionnelle
    within the framework ou scope of
    In French companies, employees are divided into two categories, employés and cadres. Cadres, who usually have a higer level of education and greater responsibilities, enjoy better salaries, more benefits and more prestige. They are also expected to work longer hours.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > cadre

  • 127 стъпка

    1. step (и прен.)
    (походка) pace, gait
    (шум от стъпка) footstep, step. footfall, tread
    вървя с бърза стъпка walk quickly, walk with a rapid step
    забавям стъпката slow down/slacken o.'s pace (и прен.)
    вървя по стъпките, на някого tread in s.o.'s steps, follow in the steps of s.o., прен. follow in s.o.'s footsteps/tracks
    правя решителна стъпка make/take a decisive step
    първи стъпки прен. first steps
    правя първата стъпка take the first step, (при одобряване и пр.) break the ice
    стъпка по стъпка step by step
    на всяка стъпка at every turn; everywhere
    2. лит. foot, measure, metre
    3. тех., мат. pitch; step; module
    стъпка на винт тех. screw pitch
    * * *
    стъ̀пка,
    ж., -и 1. step (и прен.); ( голяма) stride; ( походка) pace, gait; ( балетна) pas; ( шум от стъпка) footstep, step, footfall, tread; ( отпечатък от стъпка) footmark; (на танц) step; ( мярка ­ разкрач) step; ( стъпало) foot; вървя по \стъпкаите на някого tread in s.o.’s steps, follow in the steps of s.o., прен. follow in s.o.’s footsteps/tracks; вървя с бърза \стъпкаа walk quickly, walk with a rapid step; забавям \стъпкаата slow down/slacken o.’s pace (и прен.); погрешна \стъпкаа a false step; правя първата \стъпкаа take first step, ( при сдобряване и пр.) break the ice; правя решителна \стъпкаа make/take a decisive step; първи \стъпкаи прен. first steps; \стъпкаа по \стъпкаа step by step; stepwise; тежка \стъпкаа clomp;
    2. лит. foot, measure, metre;
    3. техн., мат. pitch; step; module; \стъпкаа на винт техн. screw pitch.
    * * *
    step (и прен., и на танц): We must retrace our стъпкаs. - Трябва да се върнем по стъпките си., I heard стъпкаs outside. - Чух стъпки навън., стъпка by стъпка - стъпка по стъпка, make a decisive стъпка - правя решителна стъпка; foot ; footmark ; footprint ; move up {mu;v Xp} (стъпване напред); pace ; remove ; tread {trEd}; stride (голяма)
    * * *
    1. (балетна) pas 2. (голяма) stride 3. (мярка-разкрач) step 4. (на танц) step 5. (отпечатък на стъпка) footmark 6. (походка) pace, gait 7. (стъпало) foot: погрешна СТЪПКА a false step 8. (шум от стъпка) footstep, step. footfall, tread 9. mex., мат. pitch;step;module 10. step (и прен.) 11. СТЪПКА на винт mex. screw pitch 12. връщам се по стъпките си retrace o.'s steps 13. вървя по стъпките, на някого tread in s. o.'s steps, follow in the steps of s. о., прeн. follow in s.o.'s footsteps/tracks 14. вървя с бърза СТЪПКА walk quickly, walk with a rapid step 15. забавям СТЪПКАта slow down/slacken o.'s pace (u прен.) 16. лит. foot, measure, metre 17. на всяка СТЪПКА at every turn;everywhere 18. правя няколко стъпки напред take a few steps forward 19. правя първата СТЪПКА take the first step, (при одобряване и пр.) break the ice: СТЪПКА пo СТЪПКА step by step 20. правя решителна СТЪПКА make/take a decisive step 21. първи стъпки прен. first steps

    Български-английски речник > стъпка

  • 128 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

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